CA1324943C - Granular paper foam mixing material - Google Patents
Granular paper foam mixing materialInfo
- Publication number
- CA1324943C CA1324943C CA 613176 CA613176A CA1324943C CA 1324943 C CA1324943 C CA 1324943C CA 613176 CA613176 CA 613176 CA 613176 A CA613176 A CA 613176A CA 1324943 C CA1324943 C CA 1324943C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- mixture
- fertilizer
- mixing material
- biopolymers
- cardboard
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/04—Arranging seed on carriers, e.g. on tapes, on cords ; Carrier compositions
- A01C1/046—Carrier compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/40—Fertilisers incorporated into a matrix
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/40—Valorisation of by-products of wastewater, sewage or sludge processing
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure A mixing material comprises a compacted and plasticized granular paper foam extruded mixture of:
(A) dry-defibrated waste paper, cardboard, or a mixture thereof; and (B) biopolymers, mash, or a mixture thereof.
The mixing material is useful as a seed encapsulator or sludge thickener, and for preparing controlled time release fertilizer mixtures.
(A) dry-defibrated waste paper, cardboard, or a mixture thereof; and (B) biopolymers, mash, or a mixture thereof.
The mixing material is useful as a seed encapsulator or sludge thickener, and for preparing controlled time release fertilizer mixtures.
Description
~3~4~3 GRANUI~R PAPER FOAM MIXING MATERIAL
Backaround of the Invention Th~ present invention relates to a granular paper foam mixing material suitable for compounding with an organic or inorganic fertilizer concentrate, sludge, seeds or the like.
Summary of the Invention One object of the invention is to provide a mixing material which can be used especially as a carrier for fertilizers. In a preferred embodiment, a time-release fertilizer mixture is prepared that allows application of a controllable amount of fertilizer over a desired time period.
Another object of the present invention is to develop a mixing material for use as a carrier material for seeds. In a preferred embodiment, a method is provided of encapsulating seeds to preserve and prote~t said seeds from animal ingPstion.
A further object of the invention is to provide a mixing material for use in thickening various types of sludge to allow easier and cheaper transport, storage, and processing as well as reducing the associated offensive odor problem.
1 32494~ -In accomplishing these objects, there has been provided, in accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a mixing material comprising a compacted and plasticized granular paper foam extruded mixture of (A) dry-defibrated waste paper, cardboard, or a mixture thereof; and (B) biopolymers, mash, or a mixture thereof.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a method has been provided of making a granular paper foam mixing material, comprising the steps of (A) mixing dry-defibrated waste paper, cardboard, or a mixture thereof, with biopolymers, mash, or a mixture thereof; and ~B) foaming and extruding the mixture of step (A) and forming the extruded mixture into granules.
Other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the ;~ ~ following detailed description. It should be understood, however, that various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invent~on will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description.
Detailed Description Pursuant to the present invention/ the desired mixing material is achieved by producing paper foam granules comprising a compacted and plasticized paper -` 132~9 ~3 foam, prefarably expanded or foamed up at the extruder outlet, of dry-defibrated and, if desired, also finely ground waste paper or cardboard, mixed with biopolymers or mash.
Biopolymers is a generic term referring to the polymeric components forming the structure of living organisms. Such ~iopolymers as, for example, proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides or mixtures thereof can be used in the present invention. More specifically, the invention contemplates the use of biopolymers such as particular plasticizable degraded starches, flour mixtures of high starch content, and proteins.
Mash can be obtained cheaply and in large quantities in the production of starch, in particular in the production of potato starch. The mixing material according to the invention includes extensive amounts (almost 100~) of organic materials that increasingly absorb moisture, and rapidly disintegrates again into its main constituents-starch and cellulose.
If, in the production of the mixing material, a fertilizer concentrate is added to the mixture of waste paper or cardboard and biopolymers or mash, a ~; 2~ time-release fertilizer composition results. When applied to a field of growing plants, the fertilizer carrier material slowly disintegrates with increasing ~32~9~3 moisture after spreading on the field and thus releases the added fertilizer in the optimum dosage desired for the growth of the particular plants.
By controlled addition of dry waste paper, the process of fertilizing can be regulated in such a way that the decomposition of the mixing material takes place slowly. For example, by means of varying the composition of the mash/paper/fertilizer mixture, the release of the fertilizer can be adjusted over varying periods and adapted to specific types of plants and plant growth, so that short-term, medium-term, or long-term fertilizers result. The advantages of the time-release fertilizer mixture are the relative ease and low cost in processing the mixture, a reduction in the pollution of the soil by fertilîzer chemicals since fertilizer application can be localized, and the control of the nutrient/
fertilizer release adapted to specific plant growth.
Further, the present invention makes it unnecessary to spread the granulated fertilizer mixture across the entire field area; rather, it can be deposited in a controlled and quantified manner directly next to the plants (sensor or detector technique) which leads to further cost savings.
The organic or inorganic fertilizer concentrates used with the mixing material of the present invention can be controlled by weighing and fed to the extruder in a solid, liquid, or granulated form.
The novel mixing material of the present invention can also be used as a carrier material for "encapsulating" seed. One of the resulting advantages is that, in some cases, the encapsulated seed requires no additional protection, e.g., dressing, against ingestion by crows and other birds.
When the mixing material according to the invention is used as a carrier material for seed, the various seed grains are introduced after the extrusion process. In doing this, the seed grains are pressed into the extruded paper foam mat and are thus encapsulated or preserved and then granulated substantially to the individual grain size or a multiple thereof.
When the present invention is utilized for fertilizing or for encapsulating seed, in some cases, subsequent drying of the seed carrier or fertilizer ~; 20 carrier is necessary prior to use.
The mixing material according to the invention is highly hygroscopic and, due to this extremely high moisture absorption, is also suitable for thickening sewage sludge, manure, feces, or the like. It is understood that sludge (referred to as starting sludge), prior to admixing with the mixing material o~ the present invention, will be in a thinner or 1 3 ~
wetter form than the resultant thickened sludge as the hygroscopic properties of the mixing material will thicken, dry, or solidify the starting sludge.
The resulting thickened sludge mixture can be transported, stored (also dumped, if appropriate), and processed more cheaply and with substantially less offensive odor.
For applications of the present invention, especially for controlled release fertilizers, the quantitative proportion of waste paper with additive (= paper foam) depends essentially on the varying dissolution and disintegration times desired for the field of application and use, and on the individual nutrient requirements of the various plant species and the intended quantities to be disseminated. For example, this may entail using a mixing material characterized by a granule size ranging from 5 to 10 mm in diameter.
From the foregoing description, one skilled in the art can easily ascertain the essential characteristirs of this invention, and without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, can make various changes and modifications of the invention to : adapt it to various usages and conditions.
; - 6 -~: :
Backaround of the Invention Th~ present invention relates to a granular paper foam mixing material suitable for compounding with an organic or inorganic fertilizer concentrate, sludge, seeds or the like.
Summary of the Invention One object of the invention is to provide a mixing material which can be used especially as a carrier for fertilizers. In a preferred embodiment, a time-release fertilizer mixture is prepared that allows application of a controllable amount of fertilizer over a desired time period.
Another object of the present invention is to develop a mixing material for use as a carrier material for seeds. In a preferred embodiment, a method is provided of encapsulating seeds to preserve and prote~t said seeds from animal ingPstion.
A further object of the invention is to provide a mixing material for use in thickening various types of sludge to allow easier and cheaper transport, storage, and processing as well as reducing the associated offensive odor problem.
1 32494~ -In accomplishing these objects, there has been provided, in accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a mixing material comprising a compacted and plasticized granular paper foam extruded mixture of (A) dry-defibrated waste paper, cardboard, or a mixture thereof; and (B) biopolymers, mash, or a mixture thereof.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a method has been provided of making a granular paper foam mixing material, comprising the steps of (A) mixing dry-defibrated waste paper, cardboard, or a mixture thereof, with biopolymers, mash, or a mixture thereof; and ~B) foaming and extruding the mixture of step (A) and forming the extruded mixture into granules.
Other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the ;~ ~ following detailed description. It should be understood, however, that various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invent~on will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description.
Detailed Description Pursuant to the present invention/ the desired mixing material is achieved by producing paper foam granules comprising a compacted and plasticized paper -` 132~9 ~3 foam, prefarably expanded or foamed up at the extruder outlet, of dry-defibrated and, if desired, also finely ground waste paper or cardboard, mixed with biopolymers or mash.
Biopolymers is a generic term referring to the polymeric components forming the structure of living organisms. Such ~iopolymers as, for example, proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides or mixtures thereof can be used in the present invention. More specifically, the invention contemplates the use of biopolymers such as particular plasticizable degraded starches, flour mixtures of high starch content, and proteins.
Mash can be obtained cheaply and in large quantities in the production of starch, in particular in the production of potato starch. The mixing material according to the invention includes extensive amounts (almost 100~) of organic materials that increasingly absorb moisture, and rapidly disintegrates again into its main constituents-starch and cellulose.
If, in the production of the mixing material, a fertilizer concentrate is added to the mixture of waste paper or cardboard and biopolymers or mash, a ~; 2~ time-release fertilizer composition results. When applied to a field of growing plants, the fertilizer carrier material slowly disintegrates with increasing ~32~9~3 moisture after spreading on the field and thus releases the added fertilizer in the optimum dosage desired for the growth of the particular plants.
By controlled addition of dry waste paper, the process of fertilizing can be regulated in such a way that the decomposition of the mixing material takes place slowly. For example, by means of varying the composition of the mash/paper/fertilizer mixture, the release of the fertilizer can be adjusted over varying periods and adapted to specific types of plants and plant growth, so that short-term, medium-term, or long-term fertilizers result. The advantages of the time-release fertilizer mixture are the relative ease and low cost in processing the mixture, a reduction in the pollution of the soil by fertilîzer chemicals since fertilizer application can be localized, and the control of the nutrient/
fertilizer release adapted to specific plant growth.
Further, the present invention makes it unnecessary to spread the granulated fertilizer mixture across the entire field area; rather, it can be deposited in a controlled and quantified manner directly next to the plants (sensor or detector technique) which leads to further cost savings.
The organic or inorganic fertilizer concentrates used with the mixing material of the present invention can be controlled by weighing and fed to the extruder in a solid, liquid, or granulated form.
The novel mixing material of the present invention can also be used as a carrier material for "encapsulating" seed. One of the resulting advantages is that, in some cases, the encapsulated seed requires no additional protection, e.g., dressing, against ingestion by crows and other birds.
When the mixing material according to the invention is used as a carrier material for seed, the various seed grains are introduced after the extrusion process. In doing this, the seed grains are pressed into the extruded paper foam mat and are thus encapsulated or preserved and then granulated substantially to the individual grain size or a multiple thereof.
When the present invention is utilized for fertilizing or for encapsulating seed, in some cases, subsequent drying of the seed carrier or fertilizer ~; 20 carrier is necessary prior to use.
The mixing material according to the invention is highly hygroscopic and, due to this extremely high moisture absorption, is also suitable for thickening sewage sludge, manure, feces, or the like. It is understood that sludge (referred to as starting sludge), prior to admixing with the mixing material o~ the present invention, will be in a thinner or 1 3 ~
wetter form than the resultant thickened sludge as the hygroscopic properties of the mixing material will thicken, dry, or solidify the starting sludge.
The resulting thickened sludge mixture can be transported, stored (also dumped, if appropriate), and processed more cheaply and with substantially less offensive odor.
For applications of the present invention, especially for controlled release fertilizers, the quantitative proportion of waste paper with additive (= paper foam) depends essentially on the varying dissolution and disintegration times desired for the field of application and use, and on the individual nutrient requirements of the various plant species and the intended quantities to be disseminated. For example, this may entail using a mixing material characterized by a granule size ranging from 5 to 10 mm in diameter.
From the foregoing description, one skilled in the art can easily ascertain the essential characteristirs of this invention, and without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, can make various changes and modifications of the invention to : adapt it to various usages and conditions.
; - 6 -~: :
Claims (20)
1. A mixing material, comprising a compacted and plasticized granular paper foam extruded mixture of`:
(A) dry-defibrated waste paper, cardboard, or a mixture thereof; and (B) biopolymers, mash, or a mixture thereof.
(A) dry-defibrated waste paper, cardboard, or a mixture thereof; and (B) biopolymers, mash, or a mixture thereof.
2. The mixing material of claim 1, wherein said biopolymers are selected from the group consisting of proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, or a mixture thereof.
3. The mixing material of claim 2, wherein said biopolymers are selected from the group consisting of plasticizable degraded starches, flour mixtures of high starch content, or a mixture thereof.
4. The mixing material of claim 1, prepared by a process which comprises the steps of:
(a) mixing dry-defibrated waste paper, cardboard, or a mixture thereof, with biopolymers, mash, or a mixture thereof;
and (b) foaming and extruding the mixture of step (a) and forming the extruded mixture into granules.
(a) mixing dry-defibrated waste paper, cardboard, or a mixture thereof, with biopolymers, mash, or a mixture thereof;
and (b) foaming and extruding the mixture of step (a) and forming the extruded mixture into granules.
5. The mixing material of claim 4, wherein in step (b), said paper foam granules are expanded or foamed up at the extruder outlet.
6. The mixing material of claim 4, wherein in step (a), said dry-defibrated paper, cardboard, or a mixture thereof, is finely ground.
7. The mixing material of claim 4, wherein in step (a), said biopolymers are selected from the group consisting of proteins, nucleic acids, polysac-charides, or a mixture thereof.
8. The mixing material of claim 7, wherein said biopolymers are selected from the group consisting of plasticizable degraded starches, flour mixtures of high starch content, or a mixture thereof.
9. A controlled time-release fertilizer mixture comprising a fertilizer concentrate admixed with an effective amount for timed release control of the mixing material of claim 1.
10. The fertilizer mixture of claim 9, wherein said fertilizer concentrate is organic, inorganic or a mixture thereof.
11. The fertilizer mixture of claim 9, wherein said fertilizer concentrate is in a solid, liquid, or granulated form.
12. The fertilizer mixture of claim 9, produced by a process which comprises the steps of:
(a) mixing dry-defibrated waste paper, cardboard, or a mixture thereof, with biopolymers, mash, or a mixture thereof, and with a fertilizer concentrate; and (b) foaming and extruding the mixture of step (a) and forming the extruded mixture into granules, whereby a controllable fertilizer mixture for plants is produced.
(a) mixing dry-defibrated waste paper, cardboard, or a mixture thereof, with biopolymers, mash, or a mixture thereof, and with a fertilizer concentrate; and (b) foaming and extruding the mixture of step (a) and forming the extruded mixture into granules, whereby a controllable fertilizer mixture for plants is produced.
13. The fertilizer mixture of claim 12, wherein step (b) further comprises drying said granules.
14. The fertilizer mixture of claim 12, wherein said granules have a size of 5 - 10 mm in diameter.
15. A method of effecting controlled time release of a fertilizer applied to plants, comprising applying a fertilizer to plants in the form of a fertilizer mixture according to claim 12, whereby the fertilizer is released in the optimum dosage for desired plant growth.
16. A method of encapsulating seed comprising the steps of:
(a) mixing dry-defibrated waste paper, cardboard, or a mixture thereof, with biopolymers, mash, or a mixture thereof;
(b) extruding and foaming the mixture of step (a) to form an extruded mat;
(c) pressing or introducing seeds into the extruded paper foam mat of step (b); and (d) granulating the encapsulated seeds to the individual grain size or a multiple thereof, whereby encapsulated or preserved seeds are produced that are protected against animal digestion.
(a) mixing dry-defibrated waste paper, cardboard, or a mixture thereof, with biopolymers, mash, or a mixture thereof;
(b) extruding and foaming the mixture of step (a) to form an extruded mat;
(c) pressing or introducing seeds into the extruded paper foam mat of step (b); and (d) granulating the encapsulated seeds to the individual grain size or a multiple thereof, whereby encapsulated or preserved seeds are produced that are protected against animal digestion.
17. Encapsulated seeds comprising seed grains produced by the method of claim 16.
18. A method of thickening sludge comprising the steps of admixing starting sludge with an effective thickening amount of the mixing material of claim 1, whereby a thickened sludge is produced that can be transported, stored, dumped, or processed more cheaply and with substantially less offensive odor.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein said starting sludge is selected from the group consisting of sewage sludge, manure, feces, and a mixture thereof.
20. A thickened sludge prepared by the method of claim 18.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEDE3833178.0 | 1988-09-27 | ||
| DE3833178A DE3833178C1 (en) | 1988-09-27 | 1988-09-27 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1324943C true CA1324943C (en) | 1993-12-07 |
Family
ID=6364037
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 613176 Expired - Fee Related CA1324943C (en) | 1988-09-27 | 1989-09-26 | Granular paper foam mixing material |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0360982B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE88992T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1324943C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3833178C1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2054931T3 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022094653A1 (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2022-05-12 | Garry Kenneth Eglinton | Fertiliser ring, method and production |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3927486A1 (en) * | 1989-08-19 | 1991-02-21 | Omya Gmbh | Prodn. of fertiliser - by fermenting liq. manure with quicklime and adding dry solid, esp. waste solid |
| DE4037113A1 (en) * | 1990-11-22 | 1992-05-27 | Albeck Sabine | BIOLOGICAL FLOOR AUXILIARY AGENT FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
| DE4243768C2 (en) * | 1992-12-23 | 1996-03-21 | Dfa Fertigungs Und Anlagenbau | Process for the production of a compost-analogous product from faeces |
| DE4342514C2 (en) * | 1993-12-09 | 2001-08-02 | Juergen Volk | Recyclable or biodegradable waste paper extrudates |
| DE59409449D1 (en) * | 1994-02-10 | 2000-08-17 | Hp Chemie Pelzer Res & Dev | WASTE DISPOSAL |
| AU7413200A (en) * | 1999-08-27 | 2001-03-26 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Use of substances capable of swelling as binding agents for liquid animal excreta and fertilization methods |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE504155A (en) * | ||||
| US3269824A (en) * | 1962-10-25 | 1966-08-30 | James R Aswell | Waste paper soil conditioning and fertilizing pellet |
| CH543461A (en) * | 1970-02-04 | 1973-10-31 | Ruesch Friedrich | Soil-regenerating materials - comprising pulped waste paper with nutrients |
| GB1380865A (en) * | 1973-03-23 | 1975-01-15 | Coated Seed | Pasture establishment |
| US4201128A (en) * | 1977-09-02 | 1980-05-06 | Gardner Thomas H | Apparatus for the compacting and treatment of materials such as shredded paper |
| US4369054A (en) * | 1978-02-17 | 1983-01-18 | Shinholster Jr Leavie J | Fiber/slag composition |
| BR8007226A (en) * | 1979-02-21 | 1980-12-30 | T Gardner | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF NUTRIENT MATERIAL IN THE FORM OF PELLETS OR PARTICULATE, PARTICULATED NUTRIENT MATERIAL AND INSTALLATION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF NUTRIENT MATERIAL |
| DE3634476A1 (en) * | 1986-10-09 | 1988-04-14 | Altvater & Co Gmbh | COMPOST PREPARED FROM ORGANIC MEASURES AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
-
1988
- 1988-09-27 DE DE3833178A patent/DE3833178C1/de not_active Expired
-
1989
- 1989-06-19 DE DE8989111084T patent/DE58904269D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-06-19 EP EP89111084A patent/EP0360982B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-06-19 ES ES89111084T patent/ES2054931T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-06-19 AT AT89111084T patent/ATE88992T1/en active
- 1989-09-26 CA CA 613176 patent/CA1324943C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022094653A1 (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2022-05-12 | Garry Kenneth Eglinton | Fertiliser ring, method and production |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE88992T1 (en) | 1993-05-15 |
| EP0360982A2 (en) | 1990-04-04 |
| EP0360982A3 (en) | 1990-08-29 |
| DE3833178C1 (en) | 1989-05-03 |
| ES2054931T3 (en) | 1994-08-16 |
| DE58904269D1 (en) | 1993-06-09 |
| EP0360982B1 (en) | 1993-05-05 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |