CA1306921C - Detergent composition - Google Patents

Abstract

ABSTRACT OF THE INVENTION
Liquid, caustic-free, pre-spotting compositions that remove baked-on food residues from hard surfaces at ambient temperatures are provided which comprise:
a. from about 1 to 40%, preferably 4 to 20%, of a surfactant selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants and mixtures thereof;
b. from about 1 to 10% of a builder selected from the group consisting of polyphosphates, pyrophosphates, citrates, carbonates, and mixtures thereof;
c. from about 0.2% to 2% of an amine selected from the group consisting of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine and mixtures thereof;
d. water; and e. further comprising from about 3 to 50% of a solvent, which solvent is selected from the groups consisting of:
i) sulfolane, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol dietethyl ether. ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, and mixtures thereof;
ii) diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, and N-methyl 2-pyrrolidone and mixtures thereof; and iii) a mixture of two solvents, the first such solvent comprising 5-17% of an acetate selected from the group consisting of ethyl acetate and n-propyl acetate, and the second such solvent comprising 15-34% of a solvent selected from the group consisting of acetone, N-methyl 2-pyrrolidone and methyl ethyl ketone, wherein the ratio of the first solvent to the second solvent may range from 1:4 to 1:2.
Additionally, such formulations may include:
f. from about 3 to 22% of imidazole; and g. up to about 6% of a foam booster, a foam stabilizer, a vicosity adjusting agent. and mixtures thereof.

Description

~3~ 32i.

~TEROE NT COMP05~TION

BACKGROUND OF TEE INVENTION
This iDvention relate~ to compositions in the form of liquits, ~pray~, gels, and p~te6, ~hich remove dr~ed-on ~nd cooked-on food ~nd other di~ficult-to-remove 60ils from kitchen utensila, flat~areO di~hes, glass~are, cookware, bake~re, cooking surfaces, and s~rrouDding areas iD
a convenient, easy. timely. snd mild manner.
Of the difficult-to~remove soils. the mo~t se~ere is the b~ked and/or burned-on (especially when reheated and/or allo~ed to build up over ; time). Soil cstegories include grea~e. meat (including ~in), dairy.
fruit pie filling, carbohydrate. and s~arch. ~olled substra~e categ~rie~
include aluminu~, iron, stainless ~teel. ena~eI, Corningwsre, Pyre ~ a~d other glAss coo~are. ~ I
Current ligh~ dutj liquid detergent~ ~re drsmatically deficient i~ !
these areas. The con~u~er ha8 to soak ~o;led i~ems for long periods~of ti~e in t~ese solution~. a~d then uBe harsh cleacing ~ethode (scouring with ~teel ~ool or scouri~g cleanser) :to re3ve the remai~i~g 80il.
_ ~ To speed up the proces~ and increase efficacy of cleaning ~hes~ s~ils, the consumer ~ill re~or~ to heat. scraping, 8~d harsh c~icals ~e.g.
causeic oven clesners).
I Deficiencies in these cle~ning methoda include ti~e con~umption for I soaking and ~couring~ phy~ical ef fort required ~or scouring and scraping, i irritation to hends from ~arsh cleaning ehe~icals a~d method~, dama8e to object~ from h~r~h chemicals and methods? unpleasa~t fu~e~ ~d dors~ and danger fro~ bested solutions. Though non-ceD~tic clea~er~ are li~ted i~

the literature~ none are directed ~o the cleaning compo~i~io~ of the preaent invention.

~ T~ ft p~

~3~6~ 62301-1~66 BRIEF DESC~IPTION OF THE INVE~TION
The liquid pre-spotting compositions of the present invention consist of five major components. The firs~ three (the ternary system) include surfactants ~nonionic, anionic and their combinations), builder salts, and an amine. The fourth component is water, and the fifth is a solvent system by which the efficacy of the ternary system is enhanced. Such solvent system utilizes specific individua:l organic solvents or certain binary solvent systems comprising mixtures of at least two organic solvents. These compositions ma~ be formulated as clear, single-phase liquids, sprays, gels, or pastes and dispensed from bottles, pump sprays, aerosol cans, squeeze bottles, or paste dispensers. ~t has been found that applying the caustic-free compositions of the present invention to soiled surfaces removes the above mentioned soils at ambient temperature in a relatively short period of time Ifrom 10 to 30 minutes) without need for heat, long soaking times, scouring, or harsh chemicals.
Formulations according to the present invention comprises a liquid, non-caustic pre-spotting composition to remove cooked-on, baked-on, or dried-on food residues from hard surfaces ~hich comprises:
a. from about 1 to 40%, and preferably 4 to 20%, of a surfactant selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants and mixtures thereof;
b. from about 1 to 10% of a builder selected from the group consisting of polyphosphates, pyrophosphates, citrates, and carbonates and mixtures thereo~;
c. from about 0.2 to 2% of an amine seleGted from the group consisting of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and -triethanolamine and mixtures thereof;

~3~ 62301-14~6 d. water; and e. further comprising from 3 to 50% of a solvent, which solvent is selected from the groups consisting of:
i~ sulfolane, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, diethylene ylycol monoethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol climethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, and mixtures thereof;
ii~ diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, and N-methyl 2-pyrrolidone and mixtures thereof; and iii) a mixture of two solvents, the first such solvent comprising 5-17~ of an acetate selected from the group consisting of ethyl acetate and n-propyl acetate, and the second such solvent comprising 15-34% o~ a solvent selected from the group ~onsisting of acetone, N-methyl 2-pyrrolidone and methyl ethyl ketone, wherein the ratio of the first solvent to the second solvent may range from 1:4 to 1:2.
Additionally, such formulations may include:
f. up to about 22~ imidazole; and g. up to about 6~ of a foam booster, a foam stabilizer, and a viscosity adjusting agent or mixtures thereof.
It has now been found that the problem of removing cooked-on and dried-on food residues from utensils, dishes, etc., can be resolved by applying thereto for a relatively short time (10-30 minutes) the pre-spotting composition of the present invention.
In accordance with the invention, the removal of cooked-on soils is thus effected by: contacting such soiled dishes, bakeware, or utensils with an effective amount of the ~3`~ 62301-1~66 above-identified pre-spotting compositions; allowing an effective amount of time (at least about 10 minutes) for the composition to soak through the soil; and then rinsing the affected soiled surfaces to remove the pre-spotting composition and the loosened soil.
KEY TO INGREDIENTS HEREIN
AEOS - Alcohol ethoxylate sulfate Butoxydiglycol (CTFA name) - Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether-Butyl Carbitol* - ~nion Carbide.
Butoxyethanol (CTFA name) - Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether-Butyl Cellosolve* - Union Carbide.
C14 TAB - Myristyl trimethyl ammonium bromide *Trade Mark 3a ~6 A
Cocamide DEA (CTFA n~me) - Coconut diethanolamida - 2~onoamid 150 ADD
- Mona Cocoamidopropyl Betai~e - Surco Coco Betaine - O~y~
DEA - Diethanol~mine EDTA - ~thylene diAmine tetra acetic acid, sodium salt Lauric/~yri~tic Diethanolamide - The fatt~ acid of the a~ide i~ a mi~ture of lauric and myristic ~cids, us~slly in a proportion of 1:3 to 3:1 and preferably about 1~1. Thu~, such materi~l i8 reslly 8 miature of two different diethunol~ides but is generally named for convenience as lauric/myristic diet~anola~ide or LMDEA. `
LDBS - Sodium linear dodecyl benzeDe ~lfonate (55~ A.I.) MEA - Mo~oethanol~mine NMP - N-meth~l 2-pyrrolidone Pareth 25-9 (~TFA n~me) - Polyethylene glycol ether mi~ture of synt~etic Cl2_~5 fatty slcohols ~i~h any sverage of 9 moles of etbylene o~ide - Neodol 25-9 (Shell) Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate (CTFA na~e) - ~amposyl L-30 - ~.R. Grace , (30S A.I.) ~
_ i Sodium Pareth-25 Sulfate (CTFA na~ - Sodium salt of a sulfated ,1 polyeth~lene glycol elther of a mi~t~re of ~y~thetic C12 15 :, ! fatty alcoh~ls - Neodol 25-3S (Shell) I Sulfolane - Tetramethyl sulfone tetrahydrotbioph~ne - 1,1 - dio~ide i TEA - Triethanolamine TKPP - Teltrapotassiu~ pyrophosphate D~TAILED D~SCRIPTION 0~ TH~ I ~ NTION
The prP-spotting composition6 of thi~ i~ve~tio~ ar~ e~e~tially comprised of lthe follo~ing componeDts: surf-ct~nt, builder9 alksuola~ne, . solvent 8~8te~, and ~ater. In ~ddition to the ~bove ingredients, the compositions of ~hi8 inYentiCn ~a~ cont~i~ otber ~bst~nce~ ~enerally preoent in de1;er~eDt c0~08itioDB. For e~a~ple~ tbe co~po dt~o~ ~y b~
thi~ke~ed if deeirod by thQ Rddition of k~n ~iscosity ~cr2a0~ng.
thiso~ropic, o~ coel&stic ~8enta. Foan ~tdb~tl~ng ~8e~t~ o ~ ~ t~R~

~L30~;9~1 incorporated, and other ingredient~ which may normally be pre~ent include preservatives, humectantg, foam boosters, anti-foa~ing agents, dispersants, pH modifier~, colorants, and perfume~. There may slso be pre6ent, if desired, imidazole.
According to a ~irst embotiment of tho inven~ion, ~he ~urfactant, ~hich is present in the aunt of 1-10% of the co~position, i8 selQcted from the group consisting of nonionic surfactant~, anionic surfactants, and their combin~tions. Prefersbly, the ~urfactant iB pre~e~t in the amount of 1-5%.
The nonionic surfactsnt~ preferably, i8 conprised of one or 6 mi~ture of primary alcohol etho~ylates or secondary alcohol etho~yl~te~ or alkyl phenol ethosylate6. The primary slcohol etho~ylates are repre~ented b~
the general formula:

R-0-(CH2-C92-Q)~_~

wherein R i~ an alkyl radical h~ving from 9 to 16 carbon atoms ~nd the number of ethoxylate group~. n. is fro~ 5 ~o 12. Commercislly a~ailable nonionic surfactants of this type ~re ~old by Shell Che~ical Co~pan~ under tra,d~r~ay,~
the tradename Neodol and by Union Casbide Corporation under tb~-So-~s:loYr-Tergitol.

The secondary alcohol etho~ylates are represe~*ed b~ she general formula:
!
C~3-(CH2)~-~CH-(c~2)y 3 l . l (C 2 2 )n Wherein ~y i8 from 6 to 15 and the ~umber of etho~ylate group~, n. i~
fro~ 5 to 12. Commercially ~ail~ble surfactant~ of thi~ typ~ sre sold by Unio~ Carbide CDrporatio~ ~der the trad~am~ T~rgitol S ~erie~
~urfsctanta, ~lth Tsrgitol 15-S-9 ~T 15-S-9) bei~g pre~e~red ~or u~o herei~.

%~L j The alkyl phenol etbo~ylates are reprcsented by the general for~ula:

R-tphenyl)-O~(CH2-CH2-O) where the n~mber of ethoxyla~e group8, n, i8 from 8 to 15, and R is an alkyl radical having 8 or 9 carbon atoms. Com~ercially avail~ble nonionic ,~
surfa~tsnts of thi~ typ~ are sold by Rohm and Haas Company under the ~1 t 1~4~ s tr=hr=:-o~Triton N and Triton ~ series.
The anionic surfactant i8 pre:ferably co~pri6ed of paraffin ~ulfonate~, 60dium alkyl sul~ates, and alkyl benzene sulfonateaJ such a~ 60dium linear tridecyl or dodecyl benzene sulfoDate, sodium and/or a~monium alcohol 3-eth~y sulfate (ABOS). sodium lsuroyl. cocoyl or myristoyl sarco~inate i or a combination thereo ! The surfactant in the ternary ~ystem csn be anionic, nonionic or ~
, combination thereof, a~ ahown below: ¦

i Soil 11 Sub~trate ~&~ milk-e~ &~ milk-e~g j Te~t Liquid ~lass _ RlAe~ Al SS
T 15-S-9/~gPP/TEASR=88Z ~lOOS 100~ 97S
(1%~ /0.;~) Pareth 25-9/TXPP/T~A7C~ 9~% 90% 94%

LDBS/A~OS/TKPP/TEA100~ 100~ 94~ lOU~
.I tO.575%/0.425%/1~/0.2%) COMMæRCIAL ~LDLD) ~130% 15% 18S 19%

¦ COMMERCIAL (LDLD) ~2 47~ 20~ 18~ 22~

¦ It has been ~ound, ho~ever. that cationic surfactant~ ~dversely aff~ct ¦ the soil removsl efficiency o~ the ternar~ 8y8tem, a~ ~ho~n below:

ilk~ /Glas~ Gln~

T 15-S-9/TKPP/T~ 7~% ~ 10~%
(l/l/0.2) ,1 T l5-S-9/TKPP/TEA/C TAB 5% 15%
(1/1/0.2/O.jj 1~069Zl ! The composition also contain~ up ~o 10% of a builder ~alt or electrolyte, which i~ compri~ed of phosphates, uch ~ tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolypho~phate; carbonate6, auch as sodium carbonatel, sodium ~euquicarbDna~e and sodium bicarbonute; citrstes, ~uch a~
60dium citrate; and sodiu~ ethylene diamine tetr~ acetate. The prefer~ed ~mount of the builder in the composition iEi 1%.
Up ~o about 2% of an amine i8 al~o present. This ~ise co~priEee an I alkAnol~mine, nsmely monoethanolsmine~ dieth~nola~a~e or triethanolQmine.
i About 0.2% of the alkanoldm,ine in the composition is preferred.
The solvent co~priFe~ sbout 15-50X of the compositio~ e eolve~t , being binary in naSure, The fir6t ~ol~en~ compriaes ~bout 5-17S of an ¦ acetate ~elected from the group consi~ti~g of ethyl acetate ~nd n-propgl acetate. The second ~olvent co~priFes ~bout 15-34% of acetoneD N-methyl, 2-pyrrolidone And methyl ethyl ketone.
The ratio of the fir~,t ~olvent to tSe seco~d s~lvent may ran8e from 1:4 to 1:2.
Water complete~ the bslance of the co~position, the pH of which i~
, about 9, ¦ The pr~-spotting rompo~itions of the first e~bodiment of the preEent _ ¦ invention will n~w be illu~trated by the follo~ing e~ples, wherei~ oll '~ parts and percentageg are by ~eight and ~11 temper~ture,~, in degrees ,~ Cel6ius unlees other~ise i~dicated.
:
. .

3~

E~AMPLB A
Compo6ition ~1 ~2 ~3 ~4 ~5 ~6 ,,. ,~
Tergitol 15-S-9 1% 1% 1% 1%
Sodium Linesr Dodecyl Ben7ene Sulfonate - - - ~ .575% 575 Ammonium Alcchol 3E0 ~hogysulfate - ~ 0.425% 0.425%
Tetrapota6~ium Pyrophosphate 1% 1% 1~ lZ
Triethanolamine 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% ___ -O.ZS ~
Ethyl Acetate _ - 16.7Z 7 5% _ 7.5% 7.5% 7.5X
Acetone - 33.3% 22.5% 22.5~ 22.5~ 22.5 Wster snd minor - inRredients ~ --B A L A N C ~ - - - - - - - -P~ . 9 . ~ 9 . ~ 9 . 9 The foregoing formul~tions at use concentsation~ ~ere then applied to 60iled sub6trate6 which were prepared and tested a8 follows:
Soil/Sub6trate Preparstion Three types of substrates ~ere uaed i~ the e~es~senez:
1. Precleaned gl8B8 micr3slide~ ~25 x 75 mm) [products of Sargent-~elch~.
1 2. Stainless s~eel planchets (2" dia~eter~ [prcducts of Intero~ Co].
_ ' 3. Aluminum coupons (25 x 75 ~m~ were-~de b~ a machine ~hop.
;I Model food 60il~ included milk, milk-egg mi~ture, egg, ~lour-2gg I mlYture and Crisco ~horteni~g. They were applied uniformly onto the sub6trates.
The baking conditions for ~arious 60il~ are 6ho~n in Table I.

-â-ll ~3~Zl !

TABLe I
Soil Sub6trate Milk-E~ Crisco-Shortenin~ Crisco Shortenin~
Bsking Condition Glas~ Alumi~um Stainle~s Steel - Temperature (degrees Cel~iu~) 195 195 190 ___________~_________ ___~____________ _ Time 30 min 1 hr 50 min 1 hr 45 min _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , Soiled subetrates were then sosked in the test formulation~ and 3% (b~
weight) commercial LDLD'6 ~t 45 degrees Celsiu~ for ~srious le~g~h o t~e depending on the soil-~ub~trate. The result~ are shown in Table II.
!
Soaking and Soil Removing 'Soiled subst-ates ~ere soaked in the te~t detergen~ solu~ions for I I various ~mounts of time at either ambient te~perature or 45 degree~
Celsius depending on the soil/substrate co~biDation~. The loosened soils were removed by either hasdwiping with a Yet 6ponge or machine ~iping ~ith a sponge attsched to a G~rde~er Abrasion 'rester.
~ Soil removal efficiency (SR) is determ;ned by the percentage of soile ¦ removed ,~ SR = the weight of the 60il remo~d Itotal soil weight I Due to variations of e~perimental conditions, SR indicates only ! relati~e preformance smong the test eolutions carried ou~ in the e~per=eDt, Dot D ~b8olDte v~lue.

. I
.
.

_D_ ~

3g3~

TABLE II

% SOIL R~MOVAL

soil 6ub~trate ~ ~ Crisco shortening Product gla6sAlullinum Stainle~ Steel E~ample ~1 73%7% oi E~ample ~2 90%85% 95%
Example ~3 89X56% 92 Example ~4 92~: 83% 88~ 1 E~ample #5 65%87~; 92~ 1 Example ~6 79%4~ 91~
Commerci~l LDLD 3~1 21% 4~ 0%
Co~ner~ial LDLD ~2 ~2% 7~ 22 As is evident from the foregoing e~nples, the solve~t-containing detergents (Example A, ~2~6) are ~ore effi~:aciou~ t~n a solvent-free ternary component syf~tem (~ample A3 ~1). The ~proveme~t i8 partic~l~rly dramatic for the baked-or 8rea~;e remo~7al. n?o factors - the total ~olve~t content Pnd ethyl acetate: scetone ratio - are critical for determining the ~oil remo~val e~ficie~cy. High~r ethyl acetate: acetone ratic ~d higher total solvent conce~tra~ion are stroDgly preferred.
These compo~itions may be prepared as follo~s The builder salt (ioe. pota~sium~pyrophosphatei ~d ths all6~nol~s~e (i.e. trieth~nolsmine) are dissolved in t~e ~oiEtened ~ater vith derate stirring. The surf~ctaDt(s) ~d sol~rent~ sre t~en ~qdded ~dith 810~

~tirring until di6solved. The pH of the solution i~ adju6ted to 9 svith sulfuric ~cid. Perfume, if u6ed, i~ added la~t.
While th~e foregoiDg co~positions give po~itive re~ult~, the lo~ flash points of ~eversl of the 601~veDtE~ (ethyl acet~te - 3(3 ds8ree~ Fahrenheit and scetone - O de8rees F~hrenheit~ make it prefer~ble to utilize 801~ent8 of higher bo~ g poin~s. Thi~ le~d~ to th~ seco~d e~bodi~ent of ~he preaent in~velltio~.

~3~

Solvents of higher fla6h point that have been found to provide pre-spotting action to remove coo~ed-on food resid~es from uten~ils sDd bakewa~e with the other ingredients of this invention include: sulfolane, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether. Their fla~h poi~ts are 350 degrees Fahrenheit, 116 degree6 Fahrenheit, and 153 degrees Fahrenheit respectively. Moreover, propyleDe glycol monomethyl ether acetate cl~ be replsced by dipropyle~e glycol monomethyl e~her acet~te, ethylene glycol monoeth~l ether acetate or diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate: snd diethylene glycol dimethyl ether can be replaced by ethylene glycol dimethyl ether or diet~ylene glycol diethyl ether.
Co~positions according to thia embodiment o the inve~tion comprise surfsctant (1-5%), builder (lX), alkanolami~e (up to 0,%), water, and th~
solvents identified ~bove - either singly or in a combin~tion of two, ~o loDg as the totsl solvent content iB between 15-50% of the co~position, the pH of which i8 about 9.
The pre-spotting compositions of the ~econd embodiment of the present invention will no~ be illu~trated by tbe follo~ing e~mplea, ~herein all parts and percentages are by ~eight and all te~per~ture~ are in dPgrees - Celsiu~ unless other~i6e indicated.

', ' -11--~3~6~

E~AMPLE B
COMPOSITION ~1 #2 j3 ~4 J5 ~6 . . . _ _ Sodium Linear Dodecyl0.57%0.57% 0.57~0.57~ 0.57~ 0.57 Benzene Sulfonate Ammonium Alcohol 3~0 0.42%0.4Z% 0.42~0.42~ 0.42% 0.42%
~thoxy6ulfate Tetrapota6sium 1% 1% 1% lS lS 1%
Pyropho6phate Triethanolamine 0.2% O.Z% 0.2Z 0.2%0.2~ 0.2%
Sulfolane - 15~ - _ 15% 15%
Propylene glycol - - 15% _ 15%
monomethyl ether acetate Diethylene glycol - - - 15~ _ 15%
dimethyl ether Water and Minor ~ B A L A N C E - - - - - - --ingredients pH 9 9 9 ~ 9 9 .~
Cleanin~ Te~t The so~king and cleaning procedure~ are similar ~o those described I abo~e, e.g., gla6s ~lides, sluminum coupons and stsinle6s steel planchets were employed as substrates. Three type6 of 60ils - MiIk-egg~ egg, and ~~ ~ Cri~co hortening - were uniformly spplied onto the ~ubstrutes. Ihe baki~g conditions for ~ariou6 ~oils are ho~n in Table III.
! TABLL III
Soil Subfitrate Milk-egg ~ Crisco Shortening Crisco Shortenin~
Bakin~ Condition gla6s ~las~ stainless steel Alu~inum -Te~erature 190 190 190 190 _ Time 20 min 30 min 1 1/2 hour6 1 1/2 hour~
Soiled substrates were the~ soaked in the test formulation~ 8~ is and I commercial LDLD's were diluted ~o 3% concentration at 45 degre 8 Cel~iu~
,I for an hour. The r~ult~ are sho~n iD Table IY.

)6 A17 ~

~3~

TABLE IV

~: SOIL RBMOVAL
Soil Substrate Milk-e~ ~Cri~co ShorteningCrisco Shorten~
Tsst liquid Glas6GlasaStainles~ S~eelAluminum ~3~ample L~l 86S 28% 7% 11%

~ ample ~2 79~ 90%50% 30g E~ample ~3 28% 50%92% 85 Erample ~4 95% 30S37% 51~:

Example ~5 41% 74%97g 35%

~ample ~6 81~ 81%91% 66%

Commercial LDLD 29%1S% 0~ 7%
~1 - i Commercial LDLD 17%152: 2% 10%
~2 The ~uperiority of the compo6itions of t~is inveution (E~ca~le~ ~2 - J6) : !
over the non-solvent co~>o~ition ~E~an~le ~1) a~d the commercial LDLD~8 ig `~ thus clearly demon6trat~d. These syctems are =ore ef~icaciou6 thsn their respective non-eolvent containing coonterpart. The in~provemen~ ia particulary noticeable for baked-o~l grease reD~val, The compo~itions of the third en~>odiment of thi6 invention comprise water" solvent, the ternary ~yatem, aad imidazole.
As reported in the literature (U.S. patents 3,819,~529 4,477,288;

and 4,537,638) imidazole ~as found to remove certsin organic matter.
However, iD U.S. 3,819"529 as~ a~yl or aryl (up to C6) substituted itnidazole~ontaining composition was found effective as P pain~ ~tripping composition. In V.S. 4,,477,288, imidazole and alkyl or aryl substituted imidazoles ~ere found uaeful in removis~g soil on oven~, bEiking pa~, ~nd barbecue rack~, and finishes, coatings, pa~t and the like, when conibined with a glycol phenyl ather. However, to be effective, the colDpo~ition i~
spplied in dLry form snd tben he~ted to a temperature at ~hîch the ~L3~6~23 compoæition i8 rendered liquid or the organic mgtter containing 6urf~ce is fir~t heated to a tempersture above the melting point of the compo~ition and then the composition is sppliled thereto. In ~.S. 4.537.638, a compoæition th~t removes organic 3nstter is alæo diæclo~ed which includes an imidazole or an alkyl or aryl Isubstituted i~idazole, which, when applied to baked-on food residues, required spplyiDg the composition to the æoiled ~urface and then heatiDg ~ame or Applying t~e composition to a pre-heated æoiled surface or applying the co~position and lea~ing it o~
the soiled ~urface for 16 hours.
It hss been found that when imidazole i8 combined ~ith the ternary æyætem of the pre6ent invention, and an orgsnic 601Yent, a æynergi~tic effect occurs~ i.e. D the 50il r~_0-~Bl 0~ the co~bination i8 greater than either syætem alone. Such e~hance~ent i~ particularly no~ice&ble for baked-on grease. These composition~ are effecti~e at ~ pH of 10.
Imidazole can be pre~e~t in the amount of 3-22Z. The ef~ect of ~arying the concentration of imid~zole i~ show~ below: !

~XAMPLL C
.
Co~po~itio~s ~ 2 ~3 ~ 4 _ Imidazole 1.0 ~ 2.0 ~ 3.0 ~4.0 ~
LDBS 4.0 % 4.0 S 4.0 %4.0 S 'i TKPP 6.0 % S.0 X 6.0 ~6.0 ~ ¦
TEA 0.75~ 0.75% 0.75%0-75 LMDEA 2.0 % 2.0 ~ 2.0 ~2.0 %
AEOS 3.0 % 3.0 % 3.0 %3.0 %
ButoxyethanoL 4.0 ~ 4.0 ~4.0 ~ 400 ~

DI Water 79.25%78.25% 77025% 76.25%

,1 I

I

TABLE V

% SOIL REMOVAL
soil sub6trRte Crisco T2st Liquid Aluminum E~ample tl 23S
Exsmple ~2 35 E~ample ~3 43~
Example ~4 53~ i tap water 2 Commercial LDLD 18 The compo~i~ion~ of the tb~rd ~mbodiment of thi~ in~ention can be ~ummarized AB follows:
A. 3% to 2Z% imidazole, B. 3% to 20~ solve~t, which c~n be Butyl Cellosol~e. Butyl Carbitol, or N-methyl 2-pyrrolidone.
C. 0.5% to 2% of either triethanolamane, mo~oethanola~ine, or dieth~nola~ine.
D. 2~ to 7~ of tetrapota~sium pyropho~phste or ot~er builder 6ueh a~
~odium or pot&ssium carbonate, sodium 6e~quicarbonate, sodium citrate sodium tripolypho6phate. or ~odium bicsrbonate.
~ . 3% to 20~ of ~ ~urfactant, such a8 sodium linear tridecyl or dodecyl benzene ~ulfonateD 60dium alcohol 3-ethoOEy ~ulfste, ~odium lauroyl, cocoyl. or myristoyl sarco~inste~ or a &ombiD~tio~ thereof.
. up to 6% fonm boo~ter, ~ foa~ 6tabili~r, snd a v~sco~ity adju6tiDg agent s`uch 88 cocomonoethanol~ulde, lnuryl/myristyl mono-ethanolamide, coco betaine, lauryltmyri~Syl diethanola~ide, sodium polyacrylate or polyacrylic acid.
G. ~ate~r.
The fin~ lon i~ 3dju~eed Jth ~lf~r:c eoid ~c a FH of lO.OO.

~l3616~

Repre6entative compo6itions of the third embodimant of thi~ invention are a~ follow~:
EXAMRLE D

Composition ~ 2 ~3 ~4 ~5 ~6 Sodium Lauroy1 Sarcosinate - - 16.7% 10% - 16.7S

Conoamidopropyl Betsine 6S 6~
__ Cocoamide DEA - - - 6%
Imidazole 5% 5% 5% 5% 5%
TKPP 6~ 6% 6~ 6Z 2~ ~%
. _ _ Butoxydiglycol 4~ ~ ~ ~ -~ ~
Buto~yethanol - _ ~ ~ 4% 4% 4%
N-Methyl 2-Pyrrolidone _- 4%4X - - ~
T~A 1~ lS l.Z2 lZ lS 1.2 Sodium Pareth-25 Sulfate - - - - 3~ ~
LDB S r 4~ 4~ 4~
Sodium EDTA - - - - lZ _ _ Water (deionized3 74% 74g 67.1S _73S 80Z 67.1S
pH _ _ _ 10 10 10 10 10 10 Tha te~t composition6 were e~aluated on three soil~.
1. ~88 yolk ~a~ brushed onts 2" diameter sluminu~ planchets and dried~for two hours at 80 degree~ Cel~iu~.
I
2. A solution of 10% mild cheddar ~hee~e wa~ dissol~ed in warm milk. The solution wa~ baked oDtO 2" dia~eter Pyre~ Petri dishe~ ~t 175 degrees Celsiu6 for 25 min.

3. Cri6co wa~ baked onto 2" diameter alu~inum planchet6 for 3 hour at 175 degree~ Cel6ius.
The te~l: liquid wa~ applied neat to the ~ilad are~ for 30 min. At room temperature. The te6t 60il~ were ~hen inverted ~nd ri~ed in l~ stsnding water ~ith ~igorou~ Bgitation for lQ ~econds. Percent 80il ¦¦ removal ~88 deter~ined by aY~rag~ng ~he ~i~ual e~timates of soil remoYal ¦ fro~ three replic~te~. The result~ are ~hown in Tsble Vl.

~3~ 2~

TABLE VI

% SOIL ReMOV~L
60il substr~te e~g~yoIk cheese/milk Crisco Te6t Li~uid slumi~um py~ex aluminum Example ~2 882 76% 75%
Commercial LDLD 17~ 0% 12%
tap water 27~ 3% 2%
~xample ~1 78X 70S 60%
Example ~4 93% 43% 2~%
Commercisl LDLD 35% lS 20%
tap water 7~ ~% _1~%
E~s~ple ~5 97S 80~ 13S
Commercial LDLD 30% 0~ 22%
t~ ster 8~ 2% _0 Example ~3 96% 91~ 47~
Example ~6 95% 95% 20S
Commercial LDLD 30g OX 22g tap water _ 8~ 0~ 17S
The compo~itioDs of thi~ embodiment of tha in~eneion at a p~ of 10.00 ~ere found to be equivalent in yerformance to commercial product~ of higher pH and superior when those co~mercial product~ were adjusted to a pH of 10.00. Moreo~er. these compositions are the faste~t acting of the three embodiments disclosed herein, effectlYe about ter~ (10) m~nutes after application to the soiled surface. ~, A pre~i.ou~ly indicated, the compo~itio~ of t~e pre6e~t inv~ntion are preferably iormulated a6 clear, Dingle phase liquids. Ho~ever. it iB
~ithin the ~it of thi~ invention to formulate the~e compositio=s a8 ~el~, pa~te~?~ and aero~ol~, and they may be di~peDsed from both pump ., I

l -17- 1 ~3~Z~L

sprayers and aero601 cang or bru6hed on. Prepa.ati~n of compositions 6uitable to be dispen6ed by aerosol or pump 6pray i6 ~ithin the ordinary 6kill in the art.
When it i6 de6ired to u6e a thickening, thixo~ropic, or p6eudo-plastic agent with the compo6itions of the in~ention, for e~ample when the organic mstter to be removed is OD a non~horizontsl 6urface and it i6 de~ir~ble to maint~in contsct between the~e co~position~ ~nd the soiled surface, any 6uch agent, or mixture of two or more thereof, which i6 compatible with the ingredients of the~e formulations may be used. U6eful organic thic~ening agents include ~tarch, ~odium carbo~ymethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, methocel, and weter-soluble polymers 6uch as A carboxy vinyl polymer (Carbopol6 - B.~. Goodrich Chemic~l Company), ~odium polyacrylate, and polyacrylic acid. Thi~otropic agen~s i~clude inorganic colloidal mseerial6 [clays] including Veegum (mBgnesium aluminum ~ilicste - R.T. Vsnderbilt). Pseudo-plagtic or viscoela~tic materi~ls include the d~ . .
org~nic gum~ such as xanthsn gum (Keltrol - ~elco Company), guar gum. and locu6t bean gum. When u6ed, the thickening agent will typicall~ vary between 0.1 to 6% by weight of the compositionO Generally, it i~ de~ired to maintsin the Yiscosity of the6e for~ulation~ between 100 snd lOOO cpgO
_ If the viscosity is too low, the co~positions do not sdhere well to t~e soiled surface~. If too high, it hss been found that the ef~icPc~ of these compo~itions is dimini~hed.
Suitable foam booster~ and foam stabilizer~ includ~
cocomonosth~Dolamide, lauryl~myri~t~l monoeth~olamide, cocobetsine, snd lauryl/myri~tyl diethanolamida.
These compositions may be prepared in the manner previou61y described for preparing the compositions of thæ fir~t embodimeDt of the i~entlo=. I , ~L3~6~
1, A preferred composition accordiDg to the third embodi~ent of the inVentioD C~D be prepared by mixing:

4 % Linear dodecyl benzene 6ulfonste 3 ~ Sodium C12 15 Alcohol 3-~tho~y Sulfate 4 ~ Butyl Cellosolve 0.75 ~ Triethanolamine 6 % Tetrnpotas~ium pyrophosphate 5 ~ Imidszole 1 % Lauric/myristic diethanolamide 0.05 % ~anthan gum 1.0 % Glycerin 1.0 % Colloidsl magnesiu~ aluminum silicate [Veegum PR0~ 1 73.8 % ~ater 0.4 % Perfume l pH adju~ted to 10.0 ¦
The clay (colloidal~magnesium aluminum silicate) i8 added with high hear to tbe softened ~ater and stirr}d for 30 mi~ute8. The xaDthan gum is di~perssd in the glycerin. Thi8 mi~ture i~ then added with high shear to the batch and stirred for 30 minutes. The imida~ole, pot~6siuD
pyropho~phate, a~d-triethanolamine sre add}d with moderate ~tirring u~til dissolved. The lauric/myriatic dieth~nola~ide i8 dissol~ed in the alcohol ethoxysulfate. This solution, sodium line~r dodecyl benzene ~ulfonate~
and butyl cellosolve are added to the batch with slow }tirring u~til dissolved. The pH of the batch i6 adjusted to 10.0 ~ith ~ulfuric acid.
The batch is completed with the addition of the perfu~e.
The foregoing detailed de~cription of the in~ention i8 given by way o~
illustration only. ThuR, variationR may be made there ~ ~ithout departing from the scope and ~pirit of the inveDtion.

_~9_ 1

Claims (27)

1. A liquid, non-caustic pre-spotting composition to remove cooked-on, baked-on, or dried-on food residue from hard surfaces which comprises:
a. from about 1 to 40% of a surfactant selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants and mixtures thereof;
b. from about 1 to 10% of a builder selected from the group consisting of polyphosphates, citrates, pyrophosphates, carbonates and mixtures thereof;
c. from about 0.2 to 2% of an amine selected from the group consisting of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine and mixtures thereof;
d. water; and e. from about 3 to 50% of a solvent, which solvent is selected from the groups consisting of:
i) sulfolane, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate.
dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether. diethylene glycol diethyl ether, and mixtures thereof;
ii) diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, and N-metbyl 2-pyrrolidone and mixtures thereof; and iii) a mixture of two solvents, the first such solvent comprising 5-17% of an acetate selected from the group consisting of ethyl scetate and n-propyl acetate, and the second such solvent comprising 15-34% of a solvent selected from the group consisting of acetone, N-methyl

2-pyrrolidore and methyl ethyl ketone, wherein the ratio of the first solvent to the second solvent may range from 1:4 to 1:2.

2. The composition of claim 1 in which the surfactant is present in the amount of 4 to 20%.

3. The composition of claim 1 which further includes from about 3 to 22% of imidazole.

4. The composition of claim 3 which further includes up to about 6% of a foam booster, a foam stabilizer, a viscosity adjusting agent, and mixtures thereof.

5. The composition of claim 4 wherein the viscosity adjusting agent is selected from the group consisting of thickening agents, thixotropic agents, viscoelastic or pseudo-plastic agents and mixtures thereof.

6. The composition of claim 1 wherein the anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of paraffin sulfonates, sodium alkyl sulfates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, alcohol ethoxy sulfates, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium cocoyl sarcosinate, sodium myristoyl sarcosinate and combina-tions thereof.

7. The composition of claim 1 wherein the nonionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of primary alcohol ethoxylates, secondary alcohol ethoxylates, alkyl phenol ethoxylates, and mixtures thereof.

8. The composition of claim 1 wherein the phosphate is selected from the group consisting of tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate and mixtures thereof.

9. The composition of claim 1 wherein the carbonate is selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and mixtures thereof.

10. The composition of claim 5 wherein the viscosity adjusting agent is a thickening agent selected from the group consisting of starch, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxy-ethyl cellulose, methocel, and water-soluble polymers.

11. The composition of claim 10 wherein the water-soluble polymer is selected from the group consisting of carboxyvinyl polymers, sodium polyacrylate, and polyacrylic acid.

21a

12. The composition of Claim 5 wherein the viscosity adjusting agent is a thixotropic agent comprising an inorganic colloidal material.

13. The composition of Claim 12 wherein the inorganic colloidal material comprises a clay or magnesium aluminum silicate.

14. The composition of Claim 5 wherein the vistcosity adjusting agent is a pseudo-plastic material comprising an organic gum.

15. The composition of Claim 14 wherein the organic gum is selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, guar gum, and locust bean gum.

16. The composition of Claim 10 wherein the viscosity ranges from 100 to 1000 cps.

17. The composition of Claim 4 wherein the foam booster and foam stabilizer are selected from the group consisting of cocomonoethanolamide, lauryl/myristyl monoethanolamide, cocobetaine, and lauryl/myristyl diethanolamide.

18. A liquid pre-spotting composition to remove cooked-on food residue from hard surfaces in the absence of alkali hydroxides which comprises:
a. from about 1 to 10% of a surfactant selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants and mixtures thereof;
b. from about 1 to 10% of a builder selected from the group consisting of polyphosphates, citrates, pyrophosphates, carbonates and mixtures thereof;
c. from about 0.2 to 2% of an amine selected from the group consisting of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine and mixtures thereof;

d. from about 3 to 50% of a solvent, which solvent is selected from the group consisting of a mixture of two solvents, the first such solvent comprising 5-17% of an acetate selected from the group consisting of ethyl acetate and n-propyl acetate, and the second such solvent comprising 15-34% of a solvent selected from the group consisting of acetone, N-methyl 2-pyrrolidone and methyl ethyl ketone, wherein the ratio of the first solvent to the second solvent may range from 1:4 to 1:2; and e. water.

19. The composition of Claim 18 wherein the pH is 9.

20. A liquid pre-spotting composition to remove cooked-on food residue from hard surface in the absence of alkali hydroxides which comprises:
a. from about 1 to 5% of a surfactant selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants and mixtures thereof;
b. about 1% of a builder selected from the group consisting of polyphosphates, citrates, pyrophosphates, carbonates and mixtures thereof;
c. about 0.2% of a amine selected from the group consisting of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine and mixtures thereof;
d. from about 3 to 50% of a solvent, which solvent is selected from the group consisting of sulfolane. propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate.
diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, and mixtures thereof; and e. water.

21. The composition of Claim 20 wherein the pH is 9.

22. A liquid, caustic-free, pre-spotting composition to remove cooked-on. baked-on or dried-on food residue from hard surface which comprises:

a. from about 3 to 20% of A surfactant selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants and mixtures thereof b. from about 2 to 7% of 8 builder selected from the group consisting of polyphosphates, citrates, pyrophosphates, carbonates and mixtures thereof;
c. from about 0.5 to 2% of an amine selected from the group cosisting of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine and mixtures thereof;
d. from about 3 to 20% of a solvent, which solvent is selected from the group consisting of diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, and N-metnyl 2-pyrrolidone and mixtures thereof;
e. from about 3 to 22% imidazole; and f. water.

23. The composition of Claim 22 wherein the pH is 10.

24. The composition of Claim 1 which is effective at ambient temperature.

25. The composition of Claim 18 which is effective at ambient temperature.

26. The composition of Claim 20 which is effective at ambient temperature.

27. The composition of Claim 22 which is effective at ambient temperature.