CA1293712C - Filter for centrifuge tube - Google Patents
Filter for centrifuge tubeInfo
- Publication number
- CA1293712C CA1293712C CA000532634A CA532634A CA1293712C CA 1293712 C CA1293712 C CA 1293712C CA 000532634 A CA000532634 A CA 000532634A CA 532634 A CA532634 A CA 532634A CA 1293712 C CA1293712 C CA 1293712C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- tube
- centrifuge tube
- centrifuge
- filter tube
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000601 blood cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
- B01L3/5021—Test tubes specially adapted for centrifugation purposes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D33/00—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation
- B01D33/15—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation with rotary plane filtering surfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04B—CENTRIFUGES
- B04B5/00—Other centrifuges
- B04B5/04—Radial chamber apparatus for separating predominantly liquid mixtures, e.g. butyrometers
- B04B5/0407—Radial chamber apparatus for separating predominantly liquid mixtures, e.g. butyrometers for liquids contained in receptacles
- B04B5/0414—Radial chamber apparatus for separating predominantly liquid mixtures, e.g. butyrometers for liquids contained in receptacles comprising test tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2201/00—Details relating to filtering apparatus
- B01D2201/28—Position of the filtering element
- B01D2201/285—Filtering elements with a symmetry axis not parallel to the rotation axis
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
- Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A filter for a centrifuge tube including a pressure filter for separating a mixture under centrifugal force. The filter tube is adapted to fit within the upper portion of a standard plastic centrifuge tube. The filter tube has a pressure filter at its lower end and an opening at its upper end adapted to be sealed by a cap extending from the centrifuge tube to hold the filter tube securely in position within the centrifuge tube. The filter tube is filled with a mixture of permeable and non-permeable materials and when the composite centrifuge tube and filter tube is spun in the centrifuge, the centrifugal force causes the permeable materials to flow through the filter and collect in the bottom of the centrifuge tube while the non-permeable materials are retained in the filter tube.
A filter for a centrifuge tube including a pressure filter for separating a mixture under centrifugal force. The filter tube is adapted to fit within the upper portion of a standard plastic centrifuge tube. The filter tube has a pressure filter at its lower end and an opening at its upper end adapted to be sealed by a cap extending from the centrifuge tube to hold the filter tube securely in position within the centrifuge tube. The filter tube is filled with a mixture of permeable and non-permeable materials and when the composite centrifuge tube and filter tube is spun in the centrifuge, the centrifugal force causes the permeable materials to flow through the filter and collect in the bottom of the centrifuge tube while the non-permeable materials are retained in the filter tube.
Description
TAH:cp FILTER FOR CENTRIFUGE TUBE
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a pressure filter insertable in a centrifuge tube for filtering by means of centrifugal force.
A standard one-piece centrifuge tube which is commercially available for separating millileter/
microliter liquid samples consists of a plastic tube having a closed conical-shaped bottom and an open top, a cap for releasably sealing the open top, and a flexible connecting member extending between the tube and cap. In use, the centrifuge tube is filled with a mixture or suspension of materials of closely similar densities and placed in a complimentary-shaped slot of a centrifuge tube holder. By spinning the tube in the centrifuge, the application of centrifugal force causes the mixture of materials to separate by specific density. The centrifuge chamber may revolve at speeds of 10,000 rpm or more to impart a force up to 17,000 times that gravity.
The smaller the difference in density, the greater is the force required for separation. Because the tubes are held at an angle in the tube holder, '7lZ
TAH:cp with the lower end of the tube further from the center line of the chamber than the upper end, the materials of higher density collect in the lower portion of the tube while those of lower density are concentrated at or near the upper portion of the tube. This technique is used effectively in a number of biological and industrial operations, such as separation of the components of blood.
Filtration involves the separation of solutes and particles larger than a specified filter "cut of" from the solvent and smaller molecules which pass through the filter. A pressure filter requires the application of force to cause liquid to flow through the filter. Typically such force is provided by ejecting the liquid through a syringe or by applying a vacuum. Filtration is also used effectively in a number of biological and industrial operations.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a pressure filter which is insertable within a centrifuge tube for filtering materials by means of centrifugal force.
It is another object of this invention to provide a filter tube for use with a standard centrifuge tube having a cap wherein the filter tube is insertable into an upper portion of the centrifuge tube and is sealed and held in place in the centrifuge tube by the cap.
TAH:cp ~93~lZ
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The filter tube of this invention is intended to be placed in a centrifuge tube so that the composite can be spun in a centrifuge. The centrifugal force will cause a mixture of permeable and non-permeable materials placed in the filter tube to be separated by filtration with the non-permeable materials remaining in the filter tube and the permeable materials being collected in the centrifuge tube.
The filter tube is adapted to be used with a cylindrical centrifuge tube of a first length which is closed at a lower end and open at an upper end and including an upper portion adjacent the upper end and the lower portion adjacent the lower end. The centrifuge tube further includes a flexible connecting member of a predetermined length and a cap, with the connecting member being attached at one end to the centrifuge tube and at the other end to the cap.
The cylindrical filter tube is of a second length less than the first length and is adapted to be fit in axial alignment within the upper portion of the centrifuge tube. Means are provided for positioning the filter tube in a predetermined position within the upper portion of the centrifuge tube. An opening at the upper end of the filter 1~3'712 TAH:cp tube is adapted to be sealed by the cap with the connecting member securing the filter tube in the predetermined position in the upper portion of the centrifuge tube.
A filter support means is disposed at a lower end of the filter tube. A pressure filter is retained in the lower end of the filter tube by the filter support means. Vent means are provided for allowing air to escape from the centrifuge tube as the permeable material passes through the filter. A
predetermined amount of a mixture of permeable and non-permeable materials placed in the filter tube will be separated when the composite centrifuge tube and filter tube are spun in a centrifuge such that the non-permeable materials are retained in the filter tube and the permeable materials which pass through the pressure filter are collected in the lower portion of the centrifuge tube.
In a preferred embodiment, the entire filter tube and the centrifuge tube are both made of plastic. Further, the pre,erred means for positioning the filter tube consists of a cylindrical flange on the upper end of the filter tube having a diameter larger than the internal diameter of the centrifuge tube so the flange rests upon the upper end of the centrifuge tube. A pair of projecting ears extend from the flange for grasping the filter tube.
TAH:cp 1 ~t3 ~ 1Z
A preferred filter support means consists of an array of spaced perpendicularly disposed bars, and more particularly, to two parallel spaced arrays of bars which are perpendicularly disposed one above the other. The pressure filter is disposed in the filter tube on top of the filter support means. The bottom of the filter tube includes a peripheral shoulder to which the periphery of the pressure filter is sealed to prevent liquid from escaping around the edges of the pressure filter. The filter tube and pressure filter are preferably both made of plastic so that the periphery of the pressure filter can be heat sealed to the filter tube. It is also preferred to provide a shallow conical-shaped bottom on the filter tube to promote the flow of permeable material through the filter.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a schematic side view, in partial cross section, of the filter tube of this invention inserted within a centrifuge tube and positioned in a centrifuge tube holder.
Fig. 2 is a schematic, partial cut-away view of a centrifuge showing a plurality of centrifuge tubes disposed in the tube holder.
Fig. 3 is a side, partial sectional view of the filter tube of this invention.
TAH:cp 1~3 ~12 Fig. 4 is a top view of the filter tube of Fig. 3 with the filter 18 removed.
Fig. 5 is a side sectional view of the bottom of the filter tube of Fig. 3 with the filter 18 removed.
Fig. 6 is a side sectional view of a second embodiment of the filter tube of this invention inserted within a centrifuge tube.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A
PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
The filter tube 10 of this invention is shown in Fig. 1 disposed within a standard centrifuge tube 50. The standard centrifuge tube is an integral body made of plastic, such as polypropylene, including a cylindrical tube portion 51 having a first length, a conical-shaped closed bottom 52, an open upper tube end 53, a peripheral flange 54 at the upper end, a cap 55, and a flexible connecting member 56 extending between the flange 54 and cap 55. The centrifuge tube 50 is adapted to fit within a complimentary-shaped slot 70 in a centrifuge tube holder 71 with the flange 54 resting on the upper surface 72 of the tube holder, as shown in Fig. 2. The centrifuge tube is disposed diagonally in the tube holder within the centrifuge chamber 73 at an angle of less than 90 from 3/19/86 1~3712 vertical with the lower end of the centrifuge tube extending away from the center line CL of the tube holder. When the tube holder and centrifuge tubes are spun within the centrifuge chamber, the materials within each centrifuge tube are separated by means of specific gravity, with the material having a higher specific gravity collecting further down the tube than a material having a lower specific gravity.
The filter tube 10 of this invention is inserted within an upper portion 58 of the centrifuge tube as shown in Fig. 1. The permeable materials 101 and 102 which pass through the filter 18 disposed in the bottom of the filter tube collect in a lower portion 59 of the centrifuge tube out of contact with the filter tube. The filter tube, which is also made of plastic, such as polypropylene, polycarbonate, or the like, includes a first cylindrical portion 11 having a length less than the length of the centrifuge tube and an outer diameter less than the inner diameter of the centrifuge tube. The first cylindrical portion 11 tapers inwardly from top to bottom and is adapted to slide easily within the upper portion of the centrifuge tube.
The filter tube further includes a second cylindrical portion or filter flange 12 having a TAH:CP 1 93 ~ ~ Z
3/19/86 ~' larger outer diameter than the first cylindrical portion with a shoulder 13 formed between the first and second cylindrical portions. The filter flange 12 also has a larger outer diameter than the inner diameter of the centrifuge tube so that the shoulder 13 sits on top of the centrifuge flange 54 to position the filter tube in a predetermined position in the centrifuge tube. The cap 55 extending from the centrifuge tube is adapted to fit within an opening 14 in the top of the filter tube to seal the same. Further, the connecting member 56 is of a predetermined length so as to secure the filter tube in the predetermined position in the centrifuge tube when the cap seals the top of the filter tube. The cap includes a projecting tab 57 to facilitate removal of the cap. A pair of ears 15, 16 extend outwardly from the filter flange 12 to facilitate grasping of the filter tube while inserting or removing it from the centrifuge tube without contaminating the materials in the filter tube.
As shown in Fig. 3, the bottom of the filter tube includes a filter support means 17, a filter 18, and a shallow conical-shaped outer bottom surface 19. The filter 18 consists of any porous barrier means and is preferably a microporous plastic material. The filter support consists of a rectangular array or gridwork of openings formed by 1~3~12 TAH:cp two perpendicularly disposed arrays of regularly spaced parallel bars 23, 24, disposed one on top of the other, as shown in Fig. 4. The filter 18 sits on top of the upper array of bars 23, having rounded top surfaces. The peripheral edge 20 of filter 18 rests on a peripheral shoulder 21 formed at the lower end of the filter tube and is sealed thereto to prevent liquids from passing around the edges of the filter. In a preferred example, both the filter and filter tube are formed of a plastic, such as polycarbonate, and the periphery of the filter 20 is heat sealed to the peripheral shoulder 21 of the filter tube. The filter support enables the filter to withstand the centrifugal force during spinning.
The shallow conical-shaped bottom surface 19 of the filter tube is designed to promote the flow of permeable materials through the filter tube and to collect the last drop of liquid leaving the filter tube. This design facilitates the removal of all liquid from the filter tube and thus performs a "self-cleaning" function.
The filter tube further includes a groove 25 in the outer wall of the first cylindrical portion and extending into the filter flange which serves as a venting means to allow air to escape from the centrifuge tube as the permeable material filters through the filter tube.
3/19/86 1~371~
As shown in Fig. 1, the dimensions of the filter tube and centrifuge tube are related in order to filter the maximum amount of material. It is desired to fill the filter tube with the maximum amount of material which the filter tube can hold without spilling out the top of the filter tube.
This is determined by the angle of the tube holder slot and the length and inner dimensions of the filter tube. Further, when filtration is complete, the permeable material which has filtered through the filter tube into the centrifuge tube must not contact the filter tube so as to maintain the separation of the filterable material.
The separation of permeable from non-permeable materials by the filter is meant to include all types of separation, including the separation of solutes from solvents, one or more solutes from other solutes, colloids from solvents, and other particulate material from liquids. A
typical use would be the separation of blood cells from other molecules dissolved in the water of the blood. Furthermore, the composite filter tube and centrifuge tube allows both separation by filtration through the filter tube into non-permeable materials retained within the filter tube and permeable materials collected in the centrifuge tube, and then the further separation of the permeable materials by TAH:cp 93712 specific gravity in the centrifuge tube. For example, a mixture of alcohol and napthalene with particulate matter could be separated such that the particulate matter remained in the filter tube with the alcohol and napthalene passing through the filter tube but being separated in the centrifuge tube with respect to their different specific gravities.
' In a second preferred embodiment shown in Fig. 6, the cover or cap 79 for the filter tube 80 is not attached to centrifuge tube 93. Otherwise, the filter tube and centrifuge tube are the same as in the first embodiment. The centrifuge tube 93 is a cylindrical tube of a first length which is closed at its lower end 94 and open at its upper end 95 and includes an upper portion 96 adjacent the upper end and a lower portion 97 adjacent the lower end. The filter tube 80 includes a cylindrical filter tube portion 81 of a second length less than the first length and is adapted to be fit in axial alignment within the upper portion 96 of the centrifuge tube and to close the open upper end of the centrifuge tube. The filter tube 80 has an opening 82 at its upper end. A second cylindrical portion 83 having an outer diameter greater than the inner diameter of the centrifuge tube 93 forms a shoulder 84 with tube portion 81. Shoulder 84 rests upon the top of TAH:cp 1293 f 12 centrifuge tube 93 for positioning the filter tube in a predetermined position within the centrifuge tube. Filter support means 84 are disposed at the lower end of the filter tube and a pressure filter 85 is retained in the lower end of the filter tube by the filter support means. A vent means provided by groove 86 formed in the outer wall of the filter tube allows air to escape from the centrifuge tube as permeable material passes through the filter.
Filter tube 80 is preferably friction or interference fit within centrifuge tube 93 by providing tube 81 with an outer diameter for at least a portion of its length just slightly less than the inner diameter of centrifuge tube 93. Cap 79 comprises a friction fit or snap fit cover which seals the opening at the upper end of the filter tube. Projecting tabs 77, 78 are provided on the periphery of the cap 79 to facilitate removal of the cap.
Although certain preferred embodiments of the invention have hereinbefore been described, variations of the invention will be perceived by those skilled in the art, which variations are nevertheless in the scope of the invention as defined by the claims appended hereto.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a pressure filter insertable in a centrifuge tube for filtering by means of centrifugal force.
A standard one-piece centrifuge tube which is commercially available for separating millileter/
microliter liquid samples consists of a plastic tube having a closed conical-shaped bottom and an open top, a cap for releasably sealing the open top, and a flexible connecting member extending between the tube and cap. In use, the centrifuge tube is filled with a mixture or suspension of materials of closely similar densities and placed in a complimentary-shaped slot of a centrifuge tube holder. By spinning the tube in the centrifuge, the application of centrifugal force causes the mixture of materials to separate by specific density. The centrifuge chamber may revolve at speeds of 10,000 rpm or more to impart a force up to 17,000 times that gravity.
The smaller the difference in density, the greater is the force required for separation. Because the tubes are held at an angle in the tube holder, '7lZ
TAH:cp with the lower end of the tube further from the center line of the chamber than the upper end, the materials of higher density collect in the lower portion of the tube while those of lower density are concentrated at or near the upper portion of the tube. This technique is used effectively in a number of biological and industrial operations, such as separation of the components of blood.
Filtration involves the separation of solutes and particles larger than a specified filter "cut of" from the solvent and smaller molecules which pass through the filter. A pressure filter requires the application of force to cause liquid to flow through the filter. Typically such force is provided by ejecting the liquid through a syringe or by applying a vacuum. Filtration is also used effectively in a number of biological and industrial operations.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a pressure filter which is insertable within a centrifuge tube for filtering materials by means of centrifugal force.
It is another object of this invention to provide a filter tube for use with a standard centrifuge tube having a cap wherein the filter tube is insertable into an upper portion of the centrifuge tube and is sealed and held in place in the centrifuge tube by the cap.
TAH:cp ~93~lZ
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The filter tube of this invention is intended to be placed in a centrifuge tube so that the composite can be spun in a centrifuge. The centrifugal force will cause a mixture of permeable and non-permeable materials placed in the filter tube to be separated by filtration with the non-permeable materials remaining in the filter tube and the permeable materials being collected in the centrifuge tube.
The filter tube is adapted to be used with a cylindrical centrifuge tube of a first length which is closed at a lower end and open at an upper end and including an upper portion adjacent the upper end and the lower portion adjacent the lower end. The centrifuge tube further includes a flexible connecting member of a predetermined length and a cap, with the connecting member being attached at one end to the centrifuge tube and at the other end to the cap.
The cylindrical filter tube is of a second length less than the first length and is adapted to be fit in axial alignment within the upper portion of the centrifuge tube. Means are provided for positioning the filter tube in a predetermined position within the upper portion of the centrifuge tube. An opening at the upper end of the filter 1~3'712 TAH:cp tube is adapted to be sealed by the cap with the connecting member securing the filter tube in the predetermined position in the upper portion of the centrifuge tube.
A filter support means is disposed at a lower end of the filter tube. A pressure filter is retained in the lower end of the filter tube by the filter support means. Vent means are provided for allowing air to escape from the centrifuge tube as the permeable material passes through the filter. A
predetermined amount of a mixture of permeable and non-permeable materials placed in the filter tube will be separated when the composite centrifuge tube and filter tube are spun in a centrifuge such that the non-permeable materials are retained in the filter tube and the permeable materials which pass through the pressure filter are collected in the lower portion of the centrifuge tube.
In a preferred embodiment, the entire filter tube and the centrifuge tube are both made of plastic. Further, the pre,erred means for positioning the filter tube consists of a cylindrical flange on the upper end of the filter tube having a diameter larger than the internal diameter of the centrifuge tube so the flange rests upon the upper end of the centrifuge tube. A pair of projecting ears extend from the flange for grasping the filter tube.
TAH:cp 1 ~t3 ~ 1Z
A preferred filter support means consists of an array of spaced perpendicularly disposed bars, and more particularly, to two parallel spaced arrays of bars which are perpendicularly disposed one above the other. The pressure filter is disposed in the filter tube on top of the filter support means. The bottom of the filter tube includes a peripheral shoulder to which the periphery of the pressure filter is sealed to prevent liquid from escaping around the edges of the pressure filter. The filter tube and pressure filter are preferably both made of plastic so that the periphery of the pressure filter can be heat sealed to the filter tube. It is also preferred to provide a shallow conical-shaped bottom on the filter tube to promote the flow of permeable material through the filter.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a schematic side view, in partial cross section, of the filter tube of this invention inserted within a centrifuge tube and positioned in a centrifuge tube holder.
Fig. 2 is a schematic, partial cut-away view of a centrifuge showing a plurality of centrifuge tubes disposed in the tube holder.
Fig. 3 is a side, partial sectional view of the filter tube of this invention.
TAH:cp 1~3 ~12 Fig. 4 is a top view of the filter tube of Fig. 3 with the filter 18 removed.
Fig. 5 is a side sectional view of the bottom of the filter tube of Fig. 3 with the filter 18 removed.
Fig. 6 is a side sectional view of a second embodiment of the filter tube of this invention inserted within a centrifuge tube.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A
PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
The filter tube 10 of this invention is shown in Fig. 1 disposed within a standard centrifuge tube 50. The standard centrifuge tube is an integral body made of plastic, such as polypropylene, including a cylindrical tube portion 51 having a first length, a conical-shaped closed bottom 52, an open upper tube end 53, a peripheral flange 54 at the upper end, a cap 55, and a flexible connecting member 56 extending between the flange 54 and cap 55. The centrifuge tube 50 is adapted to fit within a complimentary-shaped slot 70 in a centrifuge tube holder 71 with the flange 54 resting on the upper surface 72 of the tube holder, as shown in Fig. 2. The centrifuge tube is disposed diagonally in the tube holder within the centrifuge chamber 73 at an angle of less than 90 from 3/19/86 1~3712 vertical with the lower end of the centrifuge tube extending away from the center line CL of the tube holder. When the tube holder and centrifuge tubes are spun within the centrifuge chamber, the materials within each centrifuge tube are separated by means of specific gravity, with the material having a higher specific gravity collecting further down the tube than a material having a lower specific gravity.
The filter tube 10 of this invention is inserted within an upper portion 58 of the centrifuge tube as shown in Fig. 1. The permeable materials 101 and 102 which pass through the filter 18 disposed in the bottom of the filter tube collect in a lower portion 59 of the centrifuge tube out of contact with the filter tube. The filter tube, which is also made of plastic, such as polypropylene, polycarbonate, or the like, includes a first cylindrical portion 11 having a length less than the length of the centrifuge tube and an outer diameter less than the inner diameter of the centrifuge tube. The first cylindrical portion 11 tapers inwardly from top to bottom and is adapted to slide easily within the upper portion of the centrifuge tube.
The filter tube further includes a second cylindrical portion or filter flange 12 having a TAH:CP 1 93 ~ ~ Z
3/19/86 ~' larger outer diameter than the first cylindrical portion with a shoulder 13 formed between the first and second cylindrical portions. The filter flange 12 also has a larger outer diameter than the inner diameter of the centrifuge tube so that the shoulder 13 sits on top of the centrifuge flange 54 to position the filter tube in a predetermined position in the centrifuge tube. The cap 55 extending from the centrifuge tube is adapted to fit within an opening 14 in the top of the filter tube to seal the same. Further, the connecting member 56 is of a predetermined length so as to secure the filter tube in the predetermined position in the centrifuge tube when the cap seals the top of the filter tube. The cap includes a projecting tab 57 to facilitate removal of the cap. A pair of ears 15, 16 extend outwardly from the filter flange 12 to facilitate grasping of the filter tube while inserting or removing it from the centrifuge tube without contaminating the materials in the filter tube.
As shown in Fig. 3, the bottom of the filter tube includes a filter support means 17, a filter 18, and a shallow conical-shaped outer bottom surface 19. The filter 18 consists of any porous barrier means and is preferably a microporous plastic material. The filter support consists of a rectangular array or gridwork of openings formed by 1~3~12 TAH:cp two perpendicularly disposed arrays of regularly spaced parallel bars 23, 24, disposed one on top of the other, as shown in Fig. 4. The filter 18 sits on top of the upper array of bars 23, having rounded top surfaces. The peripheral edge 20 of filter 18 rests on a peripheral shoulder 21 formed at the lower end of the filter tube and is sealed thereto to prevent liquids from passing around the edges of the filter. In a preferred example, both the filter and filter tube are formed of a plastic, such as polycarbonate, and the periphery of the filter 20 is heat sealed to the peripheral shoulder 21 of the filter tube. The filter support enables the filter to withstand the centrifugal force during spinning.
The shallow conical-shaped bottom surface 19 of the filter tube is designed to promote the flow of permeable materials through the filter tube and to collect the last drop of liquid leaving the filter tube. This design facilitates the removal of all liquid from the filter tube and thus performs a "self-cleaning" function.
The filter tube further includes a groove 25 in the outer wall of the first cylindrical portion and extending into the filter flange which serves as a venting means to allow air to escape from the centrifuge tube as the permeable material filters through the filter tube.
3/19/86 1~371~
As shown in Fig. 1, the dimensions of the filter tube and centrifuge tube are related in order to filter the maximum amount of material. It is desired to fill the filter tube with the maximum amount of material which the filter tube can hold without spilling out the top of the filter tube.
This is determined by the angle of the tube holder slot and the length and inner dimensions of the filter tube. Further, when filtration is complete, the permeable material which has filtered through the filter tube into the centrifuge tube must not contact the filter tube so as to maintain the separation of the filterable material.
The separation of permeable from non-permeable materials by the filter is meant to include all types of separation, including the separation of solutes from solvents, one or more solutes from other solutes, colloids from solvents, and other particulate material from liquids. A
typical use would be the separation of blood cells from other molecules dissolved in the water of the blood. Furthermore, the composite filter tube and centrifuge tube allows both separation by filtration through the filter tube into non-permeable materials retained within the filter tube and permeable materials collected in the centrifuge tube, and then the further separation of the permeable materials by TAH:cp 93712 specific gravity in the centrifuge tube. For example, a mixture of alcohol and napthalene with particulate matter could be separated such that the particulate matter remained in the filter tube with the alcohol and napthalene passing through the filter tube but being separated in the centrifuge tube with respect to their different specific gravities.
' In a second preferred embodiment shown in Fig. 6, the cover or cap 79 for the filter tube 80 is not attached to centrifuge tube 93. Otherwise, the filter tube and centrifuge tube are the same as in the first embodiment. The centrifuge tube 93 is a cylindrical tube of a first length which is closed at its lower end 94 and open at its upper end 95 and includes an upper portion 96 adjacent the upper end and a lower portion 97 adjacent the lower end. The filter tube 80 includes a cylindrical filter tube portion 81 of a second length less than the first length and is adapted to be fit in axial alignment within the upper portion 96 of the centrifuge tube and to close the open upper end of the centrifuge tube. The filter tube 80 has an opening 82 at its upper end. A second cylindrical portion 83 having an outer diameter greater than the inner diameter of the centrifuge tube 93 forms a shoulder 84 with tube portion 81. Shoulder 84 rests upon the top of TAH:cp 1293 f 12 centrifuge tube 93 for positioning the filter tube in a predetermined position within the centrifuge tube. Filter support means 84 are disposed at the lower end of the filter tube and a pressure filter 85 is retained in the lower end of the filter tube by the filter support means. A vent means provided by groove 86 formed in the outer wall of the filter tube allows air to escape from the centrifuge tube as permeable material passes through the filter.
Filter tube 80 is preferably friction or interference fit within centrifuge tube 93 by providing tube 81 with an outer diameter for at least a portion of its length just slightly less than the inner diameter of centrifuge tube 93. Cap 79 comprises a friction fit or snap fit cover which seals the opening at the upper end of the filter tube. Projecting tabs 77, 78 are provided on the periphery of the cap 79 to facilitate removal of the cap.
Although certain preferred embodiments of the invention have hereinbefore been described, variations of the invention will be perceived by those skilled in the art, which variations are nevertheless in the scope of the invention as defined by the claims appended hereto.
Claims (11)
1. A filter for a centrifuge tube, the centrifuge tube being a cylindrical tube of a first length which is closed at a lower end and open at an upper end and including an upper portion adjacent the upper end and a lower portion adjacent the lower end, the centrifuge tube further including a flexible connecting member of a predetermined length and a cap, the connecting member being attached at one end to the centrifuge tube and at the other end to the cap, the filter comprising:
a cylindrical filter tube of a second length less than the first length adapted to be fit in axial alignment within the upper portion of the centrifuge tube and to seal the open upper end of the centrifuge tube, the filter tube having an opening at its upper end;
means for positioning the filter tube in a predetermined position within the upper portion of the centrifuge tube;
the opening at the upper end of the filter tube being adapted to be sealed by the cap with the connecting member securing the filter tube in the predetermined position within the upper portion of the centrifuge tube;
filter support means disposed at a lower end of the filter tube;
a pressure filter retained in the lower end of the filter tube by the filter support means for separating permeable materials from non-permeable materials;
and vent means for allowing air to escape from the centrifuge tube as the permeable material passes through the filter, wherein a predetermined amount of a mixture of permeable and non-permeable materials placed in the filter tube will be separated when the composite centrifuge tube and filter tube are spun in a centrifuge such that the non-permeable materials are retained in the filter tube and the permeable materials which pass through the pressure filter are collected in the lower portion of the centrifuge tube.
a cylindrical filter tube of a second length less than the first length adapted to be fit in axial alignment within the upper portion of the centrifuge tube and to seal the open upper end of the centrifuge tube, the filter tube having an opening at its upper end;
means for positioning the filter tube in a predetermined position within the upper portion of the centrifuge tube;
the opening at the upper end of the filter tube being adapted to be sealed by the cap with the connecting member securing the filter tube in the predetermined position within the upper portion of the centrifuge tube;
filter support means disposed at a lower end of the filter tube;
a pressure filter retained in the lower end of the filter tube by the filter support means for separating permeable materials from non-permeable materials;
and vent means for allowing air to escape from the centrifuge tube as the permeable material passes through the filter, wherein a predetermined amount of a mixture of permeable and non-permeable materials placed in the filter tube will be separated when the composite centrifuge tube and filter tube are spun in a centrifuge such that the non-permeable materials are retained in the filter tube and the permeable materials which pass through the pressure filter are collected in the lower portion of the centrifuge tube.
2. The filter of claim 1, wherein the means for positioning the filter tube comprises a cylindrical flange on the upper end of the filter tube having a diameter larger than the internal diameter of the centrifuge tube so that the flange sits on the upper end of the centrifuge tube.
3. The filter of claim 2, wherein the filter tube includes a pair of projecting ears extending from the flange for grasping the filter tube.
4. The filter of claim 1, wherein the vent means comprises a groove on the outer surface of the filter tube connecting the interior of the centrifuge tube with the atmosphere.
5. The filter of claim 1, wherein the filter support means comprises an array of spaced perpendicularly disposed bars.
6. The filter of claim 5, wherein the filter support means includes two arrays of parallel spaced bars which are perpendicularly disposed one above the other.
7. The filter of claim 1, wherein the pressure filter is disposed within the filter tube on the filter support means, and the bottom of the filter tube includes a peripheral shoulder to which the periphery of the pressure filter is sealed to prevent liquid from escaping around the edges of the pressure filter.
8. The filter of claim 7, wherein both the filter tube and the pressure filter are made of plastic and the periphery of the pressure filter is heat sealed to the filter tube.
9. The filter of claim 1, wherein the bottom of the filter tube has a shallow conical shape to promote flow of the permeable material through the filter.
10. A filter for a centrifuge tube, the centrifuge tube being a cylindrical tube of a first length which is closed at a lower end and open at an upper end and including an upper portion adjacent the upper end and a lower portion adjacent the lower end, the filter comprising:
a cylindrical filter tube of a second length less than the first length adapted to be fit in axial alignment within the upper portion of the centrifuge tube and to seal the open upper end of the centrifuge tube, the filter tube having an opening at its upper end;
means for positioning the filter tube in a predetermined position within the upper portion of the centrifuge tube;
filter support means disposed at a lower end of the filter tube;
a pressure filter retained in the lower end of the filter tube by the filter support means for separating permeable materials from non-permeable materials;
vent means for allowing air to escape from the centrifuge tube as the permeable material passes through the filter;
and a cap for sealing the opening at the upper end of the filter tube, wherein a predetermined amount of a mixture of permeable and non-permeable materials placed in the filter tube will be separated when the composite centrifuge tube and filter tube are spun in a centrifuge such that the non-permeable materials are retained in the filter tube and the permeable materials which pass through the pressure filter are collected in the lower portion of the centrifuge tube.
a cylindrical filter tube of a second length less than the first length adapted to be fit in axial alignment within the upper portion of the centrifuge tube and to seal the open upper end of the centrifuge tube, the filter tube having an opening at its upper end;
means for positioning the filter tube in a predetermined position within the upper portion of the centrifuge tube;
filter support means disposed at a lower end of the filter tube;
a pressure filter retained in the lower end of the filter tube by the filter support means for separating permeable materials from non-permeable materials;
vent means for allowing air to escape from the centrifuge tube as the permeable material passes through the filter;
and a cap for sealing the opening at the upper end of the filter tube, wherein a predetermined amount of a mixture of permeable and non-permeable materials placed in the filter tube will be separated when the composite centrifuge tube and filter tube are spun in a centrifuge such that the non-permeable materials are retained in the filter tube and the permeable materials which pass through the pressure filter are collected in the lower portion of the centrifuge tube.
11. The filter of claim 10, wherein the diameter of the filter tube is selected to provide a friction fit within the centrifuge tube.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/841,583 US4683058A (en) | 1986-03-20 | 1986-03-20 | Filter for centrifuge tube |
US841,583 | 1986-03-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA1293712C true CA1293712C (en) | 1991-12-31 |
Family
ID=25285231
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA000532634A Expired - Fee Related CA1293712C (en) | 1986-03-20 | 1987-03-20 | Filter for centrifuge tube |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4683058A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0237674A3 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS62221459A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1293712C (en) |
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-
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- 1986-03-20 US US06/841,583 patent/US4683058A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-10-31 EP EP86308501A patent/EP0237674A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1986-11-28 JP JP61284096A patent/JPS62221459A/en active Pending
-
1987
- 1987-03-20 CA CA000532634A patent/CA1293712C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS62221459A (en) | 1987-09-29 |
EP0237674A3 (en) | 1988-08-03 |
EP0237674A2 (en) | 1987-09-23 |
US4683058A (en) | 1987-07-28 |
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