CA1291546C - Baler load sensor - Google Patents

Abstract

ABSTRACT

A method and apparatus for measuring a compressive load on a structural member. The method includes the steps of developing an oscillatory signal which varies in frequency in accordance with a compressive force applied to said structural member: linearizing the relationship of said oscillatory signal to said compressive force in accordance with a plurality of said oscillatory signals developed in response to a plurality of known compressive forces applied to said structural member: and calculating the compressive load on said structural member in accordance with said oscillatory signals developed and said linearizing of said response.

Description

BAhER LQ~,D SEMS~R
. .
Background of_~he Invention The present invention is directed to improvements in .; obtaining accurate measurements from sensors of the type utilizing relatively movable electromagnetic coils and ferromagnetic cores. More particulary, the present invention is directed to an im~rovement in such a sensor when ~sed in measuring load Eorces applied to a structural member.
IThile the invention may find utility in a broad variety o~ applications, the disclosure will be facilitated by r~ference to the specific problem of , monitoring the compressive force applied to a - 15 quantity of forage material or hay in a baling apparatus. The problem of accurately monitoring and controlling the,compressive force applied during the baling of forage material or hay by such a baling machine has been heretofore accomplished only with relative difficulty and expense.

In such a baling machine, it is generally desirable -- to achieve relatively uniform density in the bales of forage mater'ial or hay produced. The bale density is in turn controlled by the amount of axial force ., ~

r I ~J ~ 2 1 1.

applied to the bale by an axial compression member driven by one or more elongate tubular "plunger arms". The compression on this plunger arm is further grounded in accordance ~7ith the position of movable side wall members of the baling apparatus.
These side wall members, together with fixed top and bottom walls, define what is generally referred to in the art as the baling chamber.

In accordance with prior art practice, various means were utilized to measure the compressive force applied in the axial direction by the plunger arms and to control the positions of the movable sidewalls accordingly so as to achieve relatively uniform bale density. Also, monitoring oE the compression of the plunger arm allows the controller to "open up" the sidewalls, if necessary to prevent excessive load on the apparatus and consequent damage thereto.
Ho~ever, as previously noted, solutions heretofore proposed for the problem of measuring the axial compressive force or load have been relatively difficult and expensive to implement.

For example, presently available stress guages and related circuitry for obtaining accurate measurements of this compressive force or load are relatively complex and expensive. This is due in large part to the non-linear characteristics of the stresses or compressive forces experienced in the plunger arm member in response to various compressive forces ~ applied thereto. In this regard, the plunger arm generally comprises a tubular rectilinear structural , r . I

member which is utilized to drive a movable compression surface longitudinally of the compression chamber. In practice, the plun~er may apply a compressive force of up to 100,000 pounds to the forage material. However, during this compression the plunger arm itself is in fact compressed only a very small amount, for example on the order of .01 inches.

It is generally known to measure relative positions or movements of this type by the use of a coil of wire into which a ferromagentic core extends. In the case of a plunger arm, both the coil and ferromagnetic core may be mounted to opposing end surfaces of the elongate tubular plunger arm.
Accordingly, a change in flux density of the coil will take place as the ferromagentic core is moved relative thereto in response to the compression of the plunger arm.
The coil of wire is often coupled in an electronic circuit to form an oscillator, the frequency of which varies with the movement of the core inside of the coil of wire. However, it will be appreciated that with a compression of only on the order of .01 inches only relatively small changes in and flux density occur. Hence, a high degree of resolution in reading the corresponding changes in the electrical signals developed across the coil is required.
Additionally, due in part to the rectilinear structure of the tubular plunger arm, the 91~

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relationship between the force applied thereto and the amo~nt of axial compression is a non-linear one.
~loreover, the relationship between movement of the core piece inside the coil of wire and frequency developed by the oscillator is also non-linear.
Accordingly, each such sensor must be carefully calibrated with the particular plunger on which it is to be used. It will be appreciated that such individual calibration can become relatively cumbersome and expensive~

In accordance with the present invention, however, a novel and relatively ineY.pensive method and apparatus for achieving this individual calibration of sensors has been discovered. Moreover, as will be seen from the ensuing description of the invention, a number of other advantages and novel features are achieved by the apparatus and method of the invention.

Qbiects and S~mmary of the lny~n~iQn Accordingly, it is a general object of the invention to provide a novel and improved position or movement sensor apparatus.
A more particular object is to provide a sensor apparatus in accordance with the foregoing object for accurately measuring the load applied to a structural member.
~ A still more particular object is to provide a sensor of the foregoing type for determining the a~ial load ~?~9~5~Çi `~ ~ ;~ ( ~` 5 on a plunger arm of a forage baling machine.

A further object is to provide a sensor of the foregoing type which is capable of measuring the ! 5 reduction in effective length of the plunger arm due to such axial compressive forces to a surprisingly high degree of resolution and accuracy in spite of the non-linear relationships between applied force, compression, and the response of the circuit.

An additional object is to provide a load sensor of the foregoing type which may be relatively simply and inexpensively calibrated for repeatable accuracy with a particular plunger arm at a rninimum of labor and expense.

Briefly, and in accordance with the foregoing objects, the invention provides a method and apparatus for measuring a compressive load on a structural mem~er. The method includes the steps oE
developing an oscillatory signal which varies in frequency in accordance with a compressive force applied to said structural member; linearizing the rë ~ ionship of said oscillatory signal to said compressive force in accordance with a plurality of sai;id oscillatory signals developed in response to a pl~rality of known compressive forces applied to said st`r'uctural member; and calculating the compressive loaid on said structural member in accordance with said oscillatory signals developed and said linearizing of said response.

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In accordance with another aspect of the invention, novel apparatus for measuring a compressive load on a structural member comprises signal generating means coupled with said structural member and responsive to a compressive force applied thereto for producing a frequency-variable signal at a frequency corresponding in a predetermined fashion to said compressive force; and measuring circuit means responsive to said frequency-variable signal for producing a load signal corresponding to the compressive load on said structural member; said measuring circuit means including linearizing circuit mea.~s responsive to a plurality of said frequency-variable signals produced in response to a corresponding plurality of known compressive forces applied to said structural member for producing a linearizing control signal, and calculating circuit means responsive to said frequency-variable signal and to said linearizing control signal for calculating said compressive load.

Brief Uescriptiorl nf-hq-DL~ln~

The foregoing as well as other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become more readily apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description of the illustrated embodiment, together with reference to the drawings, wherein:

Fig. 1 is a rear perspective view of a baling machine or baler in conjunction with which the invention may advantageously be utilized;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged front perspective view of the baler of Fig. 1 partially broken away and illustrating further details thereof;

Fig. 3 is a side elevationr partially broken away illustrating a structural member or plunger arm of the baler of Figs. 1 and 2 in conjunction with which the invention is utilized;

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view illustrating operation of the baling machine or baler in accordance with the invention; and Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a circuit in accordance with a preferred form of the invention.

Detailed Desc~ipti ~

Referring now to the drawings and initially to Figs.
ll and 2 a baling machine or baler is designated generally by the reference numeral 10. ~enerally speaking, this baler 10 is pulled in a direction 11 by suitable means such as a tractor ~not shown). A
main drive shaft 12 is utilized to operate the baler 10 with power from the tractor power take-off (PTO).

In operation, the baler 10 includes a front or intake end or reel 15 which delivers forage material or hay ~ 16 from the Eield to be further processed into bales 17 here shown e~iting the rear of the baler 10. In ~-~v~

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this regard, the collected crop material is pre~erably broken up by movable fingers 18, which extend into an intake chute 19, into generally uniform "charges" or "flakes" and delivers it to a bale chambe.r 20.

The bale chamber 20 comprises fixed top and bottom wall members 22, 24 and a pair of inwardly compressible opposed side wall members 26 and 28.
Suitable means such as one or more hydraulic pistons 30 are coupled with suitable linkages 32 to effect relatively inward and outerward movement of the side walls 26, 28 to control the width of the bale of hay 18. At the same time, generally axial or longitudinal compression of the hay in the chamber 20 is effected by an axial or longitudinally slidable compression wall or sur~ace 34 which is axially or longitudinally driven by a pair of suitable plunger.
arms 36. Only one such plunger arm 36 is illustrated in Fig. 2 it being understood that both pl~nger arms are substantially identical.

In operation, the Eoregoing moving components of the baler 10 are linked by suitable chain drives or the like to be driven from the main power shaft 12.
Accordingly, as the reel 15 rotates to take up the previously cut hay 16, and delivers it to the chute 19, the fingers 18 are arranged to periodically traverse the chute 19, -to cut and deliver predetermined lengths of the crop material as a ~ "flake" or "charge" to the baling chamber 20. In this regard, Fis. 2 illustrates the plunger arm and 15~;

_ axially movable compression surface 34 in a partially advanced position extending over the open end l9a of the chute 19. Accordingly, the fingers 18 are positioned toward the lower end of the chute 19 so as to be ready to deliver a succeeding charge to the bale chamber 20.

It will be noted that the plunger arm 36 is driven by a crank 31 which is in turn rotated by a shaft 33 affixed to a sprocket wheel 35. The plunger arm 36 is provided with bearings 37 and 39 at respective ends thereof to translate this rotary motion to axial motion of the compression wall or surface 34~
Accordingly, a suitable sensor diagrammatically illustrated at 41 may be utilized to detect the advanced position of fingers 18 for delivering a charge of material to bale chamber 20. It will be understood that when the fingers 18 are advanced in this fashion, the compression surface 34 and plunger arm 36 will be fully withdrawn and hence in a non-compressed condition to allow ingress of the flake to the bale chamber 20. ~s will be seen later, the signal from this sensor 41 may be utilized as a suitable indication of the uncompressed condition of plunger arrn 36 for zeroing the apparatus of the invention after each compression or load measurement.

In operation it is generally desirable to obtain a relati.vely uniform density in the bales 18 produced by the baling chamber 20. Accordingly, the prior art has heretofore utilize~ a suitable sensor arrangement ~9~S46 ., .

to monitor or sense the amount of compressive force applied by the axial or longitudinal compression member or surface 34. A suitable controller then controls the position of the si~e walls 26 and 28 by operating the pistons 30 so as to achieve substantially uniform density from one bale 18 to the next.

Referring now to ~ig. 3 and in accordance with the present invention, a novel and surprisingly simple and inexpensive sensor is provided for monitoring the compressive force or load on the plunger arms 36 and hence the compressive load in the longitudinal or axial direction upon the hay in the bale chamber 20.
As illustrated in Fig. 3, the plunger arm 36 comprises an elongate generally rectilinear tubular member. This tube or tubular member 36 includes a pair of similar en~ walls 40 and 42 and four elongate and similar rectangular side walls such as side wall 44 which define a generally rectangular cross-section of the tube or plunger arm 36. In accordance with the invention a suitable variable-frequency signal generator or oscillator 46 is provided for producing a signal which varies in frequency in accordance with the compressive force applied to the plunger arm 36 in the axial direction. The axial direction of the member 36 is defined between end walls 40 and 42.

In this regard, the siynal generating means or oscillator circuit 46 may be mounted to the plunger arm itself or in any other suitable location. This oscillator circuit 46 is coupled to a variable ~9~

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element in the form of a coil of wire 48 which is provided with a relatively movable ferromagnetic core piece 50. In accordance with the illustrated embodiment, the coil of wire is substantially coacially mounted within the tubular plunger arm 36 and preferably coupled to an inner surface of the end wall 42. The ferromagnetic core member 50 is coaxially mounted to extend at least partway into t.he coil 48 by an elongate support rod member 52, preferably of steel. This elongate rod 52 is preferably securely mounted to the opposite end wall surface 40, also coaxially with the tubular plunger arm 36. Hence, the rod member 52 defines means for mounting the ~erromagnetic core coaxially within the tubular plunger arm for coaxial movement within the coil 4~.

In accordance with a preferred orm of the invention, a quantity of resilient material such as a foam rubber-like material 5~ is provided to fill the interior volume of the plungec arm 36 intermediate the steel rod 52 and side walls 44 thereof to hold the rod in the substantially coa~cial alignment just described.
From the foregoing it will be appreciated that the amount oE compressive force applied to the plunger arm during compression of the charge in the baling chamber 20 will bear a given, though not necessarily linear, relationship with the amount of axial ~ compression, that is, a reduction in acial length, of the rectangular tubular plunger arm 36. Stated ".j alternatively, the plunger arrn 36 may be generally viewed as a structural member to which a load force is applied. Hence, the reduction in length of a given dimension of the structural member in response to this load or force is measured by the apparatus of the invention. Still more generally, the invention provides means for measuring a change in the relative displacement or position between any two relatively movable points, for example coaxially aligned points in the end walls 40 and 42 of the tubular plunger arm 36. Hence, the relative position of the ferromagnetic core 50 with respect to the coil 48 will also vary or change by a corresponding, but again not necessarily linearly, related amount.
Correspondingly, the frequency of the oscillatory or frequency-variable signal produced by the oscillator 46 of which the coil 4~ is a part, will also vary hy a corresponding, but again not necessarily linearly, related amount.
Referrin~ briefly to Fig. 4, as previously mentioned ~he sensor arrangement in accordance with the invention may advantageously be used with both of a pair of plunger arms 36, 36a, commonly ernployed in a baling machine such as the machine 10 of Figs. 1 and 2. Advantageously, a suitable controller or control circuit, which forms no part of the present invention, here designated generally by reference numeral 50, may be utilized to control the flow o~
hydraulic fluid to the cylinders 3~ which control the positioning of the sides 24, 26 of the baling chamber as previously described.

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As just described, a number of non-linear relationships exist between the load or focce applied to the plunger arm 36 and the frequency of the signal produced b~ the oscillator circuit 46.
Advantageously, the present invention includes a novel measuring circuit means, illustrated in Fig. 5, responsive to the frequency-variable signal produced by the sensor arrangement of Fig. 3 for producing a load signal which corresponds to the compressive load on the plunger arm 36. Moreover, in accordance with the invention, this measuring circuit includes novel linearizing means responsive to a plurality of the frequency-variable signals developed in response to a corresponding plurality of known compressive forces applied to the plunger arm member 36 for producing a suitable linearizing control signal or signals to effectively linearize the response of the foregoing components for the particular plunger arm 36 with which they are associated. Hence, accurate and repeatable load calculations may then be made by calculating means of the novel measuring circuit of the invention based upon the frequency-variable signal developed in response to loads applied in operation and the linearizing control signals previously developed and stored.

Advantageously and referring now more particularly to Fig. 5, the foregoing operations may be simply and economically carried out by a suitable microprocessor or microcomputer circuit component designated generally by the reference numeral 70. In the !

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., ~, illustrated embodiment a microcomputer of the type generally desi~nated 8748 is utilized. This microprocessor or microcomputer includes one or more suitable programmable register means, in the form of programmable read only memory, for receiving and storing linearizing data or information developed in response to the frequency-variable signals produced in response to known compressive forces applied to the structural member or plunger arm 36. This linearizing data may then be utilized together with-the oscillatory or frequency-variable signals developed in operation for producing accurate and repeatable calculations of the axial loads being applied to the plunger arm 36 during operation.
From the foregoing it will be seen that the novel monitoring arrangement in accordance with the invention is equally useful for determining relative displacement or movement between any two members to which the coil 48 and core 50 are coupled. Hence, the invention is not limited to the compressive load measurement of the illustrated embodiment but may be utilized in other applications as well.
Advantageously, then, the invention facilitates and simplifies the accurate and repeatable measurement of essentially non-linear load or displacement information.

In operation, the linearizing operation may be simply and rapidly carried out with respect to each plunger arm or other relatively movable or displaceable member or members by the simple expedient of applying 9~

15~ r a plurality of known loads to effect different relative displacements or movements, and recording the resuling data. Hence, the recorded data may thereafter be utilized to accurately measure loads applied to displacements experienced during operation. In this regard, the microprocessor 70 may be suitably programmed to carry out the linearizing operation, or alternatively, another processor or computer may be utilized in conjunction with the microprocessor 70 to effect the linearizing opera-tionO

To this end, the processor 70 is provided with a plurality of input/output ~I/O) ports 72 and an 8-bit data bus 74 to communicate with a suitable computer (not shown) to effect the linearizing operation. In this regard, the use o a second computer permits the usage of a simpler and relatively cheaper microprocessor component 70, such as the microcomputer oE the type 8748 previously described.

Referring more particularly to Fig. 5, suitable frequency-to-digital converting circuitry is coupled intermediate the coil 48 and the microco~puter or microprocessor 70 to convert the frequency or oscillatory signals developed into digital forms suitable for further processing by the microprocessor 70.

The fre~uency-to-digital converting circuitry ~ includes a first pair of counters 80, 82, the coil 48 being coupled across suitable terminals of the first 5~6 ; , -16-counter 80. Selected count outputs 84 of the eounter 80 are then coupled by a plurality of diodes 86 to an input line or conductor 88. This con~uctor 88 feeds one input of a two-input MOR-gate 90 which receives its second input from a high frequency crystal oscillator circuit 92. The output of this NOR-gate 90 is fed to the count input of a second eounter circuit which in the illustrated embodiment comprises a pair oE sequentially or series-coupled integrated circuit counter components 94, and 96. The count outputs of these latter counters 94 and 96 feeds suitable I/O ports, designated generally 98, o~ the microprocessor 70.

In operation, the first counter component 80 comprises an integrated circuit eomponent of the type generally designated CD 4060. In addition to a counter circuit, this component includes a buffer circuit coupled between terminals 10 and 11 thereoE
to form an oscillator eircuit with the coil 48.
These buEfer components are then internally coupled with the counter circuit portion of integrated circuit 80 to provide a count output on terminals 8 thereof corresponding to the frequency of the oscillator thus formed. The additional counter component 82 is provided in sequence to form a "programmable" counter with the counter circuit of the integrated circuit component 80. This provides additional terminals 84a from which to select to "program" a suitable si~nal onto the line 88. In ~ this regard, the duty cycle of the signal produced at line 88 may then be varied or scaled to bear a L5~6 -17- ~ ~

desired relationship to the fLequency developed by the oscillator circuit portion 46.

This variable duty cycle signal in turn gates through a corresponding number of high Erequency pulses from the high frequency oscillator circuit 92 at the gate 90. The succeeding counter circuit comprising counters 94 and 96 counts these gated through pulses to deliver a parallel format count to the microprocessor 70. Hence, the parallel count delivered on I/O ports 98 is scaled to bear a preselected relationship with the frequency developed at the oscillator 46, in accordance with the selection of outputs 84, ~4a of the counters 80, 82.
Accordingly, the programming of the microprocessor enables automatic determination of the frequency of oscillator 46 from the count received at ports 98.

In the illustrated embodiment the zero or low level of the variable duty cycle signal produced on line 88 is utilized to gate pulses through gate 90. The intervening logic high states of this signal are utilized to signal the microprocessor by way of a buffer 97 o~ the end of one cycle oE gated high frequency pulses. Hence, the processor calculates the load based upon the number of counts received at ports 98 intermediate pulses delivered by the buffer 97.

The previously mentioned sensor 41 associated with ~ the fingers 19 feeds a suitable interrupt ~INT) port of the microprocessor 70 by way oE an input circuit ~;~9~5~

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including an operation ampli~ier 99 which is provided with a reference level Vref to be described later.
Similarly, the output control signal developed for the controller 50 is fed out to the terminal designated SIG~AL OUT by way of a similar operational amplifier 101 which is referenced against the same level Vref.

An additional conventional voltage supply including a suitable integrated circuit voltage regulator 100 provides a stable plus 5 volt DC supply for the microprocessor 70 and other circuit components thus far illustrated. This voltage supply is preferably coupled to a vehic]e battery ~TV B~TT) for example, that of the tractor pulling the baler 10.
Additionally, a suitable reference DC voltage level Vref is also provided from the regulated plus 5 volts by a suitable resistive voltage divider designated generally by reference numeral 102. This reference voltage and the plus 5 regulated DC volts are fed through a suitable power-up circuit 104 to inputs of the microprocessor for 70 by a power-up or initiating circuit 104 to initiate the microprocessor 70 in accordance with conventional practice.
In order to fully illustrate a specific embodiment of the invention, a suitable program or software listing for the microprocessor 70 is reproduced on the following pages.
- While the invention has been illustrated and described herein with reference to a specific ~L:~15~

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embodiment, the invention is not limited thereto.
Those skilled in the art may devise various changes, alternatives and modifications upon reading the foregoing description. The invention includes such changes, alternatives and modifications insofar as they fall within the scope of the appended claims.

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25; Fh2QUENCY IIMITS OF THE SYSTEM

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29; DISPL~C$MENT #

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3378; CALIBRATE M~DE.
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73 ; EQU R3 ; W3RKING REGISTERS
74 : EQU R4 75 ; E~U R5 30 0006 76 LMTl E~U R6 : DISPL~CEMENT P ~ ISTERS
0007 77 ~MI2 EQU R7 : SERIAL CUTPUT INFO

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94 ; REFE:R TO SPECIFIC SLE~OUTLNES TO FIND
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Ll~15 CIB I LINE :--;CIlJFi:l :E :--;TATE11ENT
C)t )24 ~J~ F I ~7~ ANL P 1, $~ lFH
1 :~7 0(:!2~:~ I: I~,/:E: - INC: F~
C)1:)_~7 Fl:) I ~ ,/ Ml IV A . @RC) o0'. :-: C)'-! -Joo ~IJTL Bl_l~ A ; MI~I~lLE BYTE
1ll) r~ ,/4" ~ 1 CIRL PI, #4C)H
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2 I ~. ; NCIW C:HEI :~' TC~ EE I F
_~ I 7 ; THE I Nl::l IM I NCi FRE~ EN13 Y W I TH I N
~I':; LI1~1IT~; CIF THE ~ Ihl 3FA7 3F~ ~ _:FI-:
'' 1'..' ; ANI:I THE $i I N 3FI:l ~ :FE ~ :-:FF ~ THO:-;E # ' :-;
~21:) ; ~iRE I N 2 ' -; C:ClMF L I 11ENT FClRIVl _'l 2 J~:; THE $~ IN -:FA AN[I :-:F~ ANCI 3FI-: I~; THE "Cl" FClINT
J_~3 ; ~ TRAI :T 1 C12~ Fr~CIlvl THE RF~E ;ENT FF~EI .!l lEN;~Y
224; TC~ 'E l-;llF~'E WE ~F~E Nl lT TCI C:LCI'-;E TCI THE
2';~5; "C)" F'CIINT -- ~ICl THI:-; EIY ~;UEITPf~l :TINC; ~ FF~'O~I
22~:. ; THE. PF;E:-;EhlT FFi'ENl lEhlC:Y
:~_'7 J2::
J2~ THAT ~ ~ELCIW THE ~ :F~l 7 .'-:FE ANCI 3FF
': :CI : I AM LC~ Ihll3 Fl lF~ THE C:Ar~RY ClNLY
2.-:I
oll: :~. 541~-. _' ''! INIT1~ C:ALL NF'UT
_: :::
CICl3~ .-:23 2~:4 MClV RCI 7 ~PRE ;F I
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OC): :C: E:: ~ MClVR3 A7 @A
: :7 f~Lln A7 ~F~I:
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4,,' 71) , 4- ~ ll-: A7 @~o ~:)':)4:: 1:~ 44 INC: RC

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;IS--II MOS--4 r~/lJFrI~41 MAI Rl-l A'r' EMEILER~ V-.l~) F 1?_ ~r LOl~ CIEl~ I L I NE ~;OllF;l-:E ~;TATEI lENT
01)44 ;~3FF ~4~i MC)V A~ #C)FFH
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~51; LIMIT~i ~5~
C)4r F/r~:7 ~ IC INIT-O ; IF CIlJT OF LIMIT~;
r~,4 ; I~CI TO INIT~C
5~i ~.5~.
:~i7 5~r ; I r; THE # AE~l-lVE THAT I N -- FA 7 '- FE~ rFC
1 C)~4 ~:.1 ; I AM LflClk:~ lCi FOR A C ARf~Y CINLY
, ~,, r ~ . ~
~r~ EITF;IAI-T 1C)~4 TC I THE F'fiE'--;ENT FF;EI !LIENCY
l04f ~ 4 '-J~ :. MCIV F;l ) ~ $~F F;E ;F ;~
OC )41~ FC) ~- 7 MCIV Q 7 @fil ) C)04~ F~ l A~ $~CIFI H
01)4F AC) ~: J MCIV @RI)~ A
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C)C)54 AC) j~7 MCIV @RI:) 7 ~q ~74 '~'7.5 ~76; NL-IW ~-;EE IF WE AF;E AE~CIVE THE $~ IN r-lFA TO ~:FC:
~77 ;~ 7 CI55 E~ 7~ MOV FiC) . $~F F;E'-;F 1 OC)57 ~-FA 2 ~) MOV A 7#1)FAH
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LCII- CIB. I LINE SI~IJRl-:E STATEMENT
--..--,4 . '--!~5 -".-~. ; I F THEF~E I ~ _:ARpy WE APE ~E:CIVE THE # I N ~:FI-~ NL
?~J7 : ~-:F~I ---- Sl I WE Ar',E Cl~ CI FQR
.':
; IF 0~ TO INIT50 _:1:)1 1 CIC)~:.'. Ff .7~ ~:C11 ~IC I N I T'lt . ( ,,, .-:1 ):-:
_:1 )4 ~-~q5 ~-C)f-, ; fF~EI !LIENC:Y IC; CIlJT CIF LIMITS -- ~'C I
~:C)7 ; I-;ET THE C;ER I ~L t lLlTF'UT L I NE H I CiH FCIF~
~-:C)::; A LClNI-i El`~CIUC;H TIME THAT THE I~CIN~ ;CILE
';'1 )'.-J 7 PI~CILEc;' :CIF~ ~f~N4W'--~ WE AfiE Cll_IT C IF L I M I T~:
. :1 r.
: : 1 1 INIT2C):
C)C)67 :--:~JC)1 ~:14 CIF;L F~l 7 ~iC) :-: 1 .5 ._:1~.
: :17 ; NCII~J CIELf~Y ~:CI TH~T THE LINE ~JILL C;Tf~Y HIC;H
J B~:~')C) ~ .' Ml:IV h~:), tt~:)C) Ql:)f ~B E~.-'C)~: :-:2C) MOV F~ tC):-:H
:)C)f:.CI C)~' r ~~ I hl I T2l 1: I N A . F' 1 : TCll:il:iLE THE WATC:HCII 113 ~C)~:~E n~ :::2:-: Xfi'L A. ~tlC)H
C)C)7~ :24 4UTL F' 1 7 A
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3_' .~
C)C)7~ FE ~-::-:0 Q~JL F' 1 . ~tC)FEH
77 1:)4~ 3:--' 1 .JI~IP l )l:) ~ _,~,.
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:-: 17; Is; THE CIIF~EC:T RE~ ll IT .-I~IMFEP LCIW --- IF '-;CI
--- R~THEP THAN Cil IINI~ INTI-l THE MAIN LCIl Ip : :~:'.-J; WHIC:H ~IC;El--; THE F'EA~ ~IETEC:Tl-lP ---- WE ~.--;TAY
:-14l:); HEF;E I N A Lfll Ip TH~T --;I11F~LY l~l-lMF~AF\E: THE
:--:41; F~;'E~:ENT FF~EII! WITH THE " C )" FF;EClCIENI-:Y AN[
:-:4. ~ Cll ITPl_IT'-: THE ~ IN Bl :1:1 FnRM CIN THE Bl ll-: ANC

~9~5~
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-~;I:-;-II MC:~;-4:-:/UPI-41 MhC:RI-~ SEME~LEF~. V~:.CI F'~
LCII' C~B~ I LINE : ;OLlRl :E ST~TEMENT
_:4_~; F'CIRT
~4 _:4~. I N I T~
7'~ )4 '-:4~ L F'1. #1:)4~1 C)~7~ '? --.47 I N ~ .~7 F~1 C~ 7)~ 'B .-:4:-: .IB;~ I N I T61:
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3'~1) 3~.1 ; WE ~E REh[l I Nl-; THE LClh[l CIUT rl I kEC:TLY -- NCIT
35~ NI~7 THE F'EA~ nETE~T~ FINrl THE P~ECENT
~S~: ; FREC.!I_IENCY
~ ;4 CIC)7E 5416 ~:55 C:~LL NFI IT
: :5~.
~. ~. 7 _. .~ ::
~:5r/; NCIW FINCI THE LOh~l Ql`lCI OLITF~I IT TH~T I NFCI CIN THE
:3~:-C); E~LI:-; ~Nn F'CIRT 1 ': 1 ) :: 4 4 ~ 4 _ ~':.._:
. 4 3/'~ ; O~ITPI IT I NFI I C IUT CIF F'CIRT 1 f~ CI THE BU:;
3~ ; LCI~I INF~ `7'~ R.3 I lF REI1 --~:7; ~C:CI RCIIJTINE I'-; C~LLEEI WITH RB1 SELEI_:TE~I
I lcl -:~ rl., . :~ .-;EL
~.~7~:~
Cl~::: 54OC~ ':7 1 C:~LL BC CI
':7:;~
-:7-:; LEQ~-;T :-;ICiNIFIC:ANT 01 lT THE BH'C;
:74 Cll ):-:5 FC: ~-:75 MCIV ~7~4 :--:7~-~ Cll ITL r~ ; 7 _:77 C-:7::; ~10ST ~I~N clllr F~14 THRII F'17 ::~7'~' CICI'~-:7 FCI .--::-:1 ) MCIV ~,, R5 ~ ):-::--: 47 C-::-:1 '-;W~F' h C)()~l? 5-:FC) .-~ NL h7*(~FOH
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:3.-~1 ; rl) IE--;N~ T FL~'_;H

L5~i .

5-4~:/UF'I-41 M~C~ ;';EM~LEF~, V::~ q '~

LC11' C1c J LINE 5111 Ip1 :E '-;T~TEMENT
~ C~ ., l )l:) -. c~ Ml IV R~ C~
C)1:;: :F E1E~'-:1:) -. c~4 - M1 1V F;:~ C):~:C)H
~ C,~5 C)C)?1 C)'~ . INIT'.'J: IN . ~.P1 ; TO131iLE WQT~:H E11-1)-i 7 XRL ~q, #I:):--:H
C)C)'.-J4 --:C-J ~ -: 01 ITL F'1. ~
.5 EQ~ 7~ rlJN Z R' ', I N I T5'.-' 1:)C)~J7 EB~1 4qC) Cl. 1NZ fi':--:, INIT
41:) 1 4 C) _ C)C) ''~ ~:)47~ 4C):: JMP INIT5C) 4~)4 4C)5; f!~l L FINI5HE~1 IIITH THE INITIQLIZf`TI11N F;C11JTIt`~E
4C)~.; 5 ET THE ~ -;PLQl-:EMENT ~$ Tl 1 tEF~C1 4~:)7 ; ~NC1 5TQF~T E~ I T 5ET TC1 Q
4~ ):-:
4C) ~ INIT~:.(:):
411:) O~ E: E~ - 411 Ml-1V F;~:), t~:-;EPQLl 01 ) .-.~C1 E:l:)c) 1 41~ -lv @r~ C) 1 ; 5ET 5TQF~T El I T
C1~ F 1:--: 41:-: I NC: F~) :)1:)Q~:) El~.i1:)1:) 414 M1 IV @F~:)7 ~1:
41 ' 41~-4 1 : :
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4 ~:~
4 _ _:
4~'4; "MQIN" Rl 11JTINE
4-~
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4~ 7 ; THE M~I1`1 F;C11 1TINE C :QLC:L1LQTE'; THE LC1~D THE '-;QME
4'~ h'; THE ~1IRE1-T fi'E~I~ll 11lT RCILlTINE rlID --- H4WEVEF; IT
4~,'. ; C1ETER1~1INE'.~ WHI~T THE F'EQ~:; LC1~D IS QN~I C 111TF'LIT'; C1NLY
4:~C) : TH~T I NFO
~. : 1 4. :_ 4C-::--: I'lQ I hl:
4: :4 4: :~i C)l:)Q ! 54I(~ 4:~ -:ALL NP1JT
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1C~ 4: :7I IF'I--41 I'lAC:RCI A':';EMEILER, . V~:. O F~iF

LOI-I-IEI- J L I NE ~:CILIF~ E -;TATEMENT
441; F1 I~; = O -- TH~T l'lEf!tN~; THERE WA:~; A F'RCIElLElq 44 ; I N THE NF ~ IT Rl-llJT I NE --- THE 1~1-l I L CI~; I LL~TLIF;
44.~:; CII[r NI-~T CILITRIIT THE HICiH LEVEL IN THE PRCIF'EF;
444 7 Al~ -IUNT I IF TIME ---- -;ET THE SEF;IAL Cl UTRI IT
445 7 REC;I';TEFR TI I ALL 1 '~; -- TCI IN~IIC:~TE T~I THE
44~ l-IN:-;I-ILE FF;I-ICES. ;l IF~ THAT THERE I'; ~ PF;CIEtLEM

44c 44.7 I`l~IN11:):
I:)C)A~-. E~ 45C) MCIV RC) 7 #' ;ER~L 1 C)C)A:-: Ell:)FF 4'1 MnV ~fiC) 7 #C)FFH
1:)1:)~ 1:-~ 4':~ I NI_: Rl:) C)l:)AE/ Ell:)FF 4~: MI IV @FCI7 #I:)FFH
ACI C)4A'-' 4.~i4 ' I1~1F M~IN
4'.' 4.5~:.
4~7 45:~ ; THE F hE --;EI~IT C :CIlJNT : TH~N THE F'EAfi C:L-ICINT
4. .-~
4~-.1:
4~: 1 MA I 1`1:
4~
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C)l:lE~ l E~ E 4~: 4 MI-IV R 1 $~F'Ef~ 1 ; FR 1 --~ F'~:~T F'E~ C:NT
4~
1:)1)~:--: Fl:) 4~ I)-IV A7 @RI:
C)I:)~4 -:7 4~-.7 C :F'L f!l OI:)E15 ~: 1 4~ CIrl Q 7 @R 1 4~: C~
47C); ~;TCIF~E THE REC;llLT TEMFClfiARILY IN R:~ ANCI h'~' 47~ M)-)V R ' 7 A
4 7: :
C)l:)r~7 1~ 4 74 I hlC: RI:) C)l:)EI:~: 1 ? 47~ INI: R1 47~
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1~9~L6 ? .'.-,.; ) ~

MI~C~;-4:~ PI-41 MAC:r;CI AC;C~;E~ LEr~, V~ AI-.~C

r~. I LINE ~;CILlF~i :E C;TATEMENT
4.~
4~ F PEAh~ I~; LE'~;C; F~r~E~-;EN-r -- Nl I C:APF~Y
4~ ; Pr~E~. ;ENT l :I-IUNT I S NCIT ::~ THAN THE CLI~PENT PEA~
4.~:; VAL~IE
4 .-~4 ClOl :~ F~lO 4~-~S JC: MA I NSC) 4~
4~7 4~J:~
4 .~ ; THE F'P~E~;ENT C:CIUN;T I '; :~ THE CIL~I F EA~
t" ~1~ ; __ ._;0 TPANC;FEF THE PPE~ENT
',C)1 ; C:Ol INT INTO THE FEA~ LclArl c:cluNTEr~;
5~
OC)C:4 ~ :51):: ' Ml-lV RC), ~F RE~;F 1 E St~4MI~V F;1 #PEA~
~lc) -l -: s4rl7 s~I-:QLL Tri~N-;
~il:)7 5~
S(~ JI IW M A~::E C NTF'E~ = C) -- TH I '.-; C :01 INTEF;' .511) ; IS U --;E~I TCI C :CII INT THE ~ C IF NEl~ ~ ~LC:ULQTE~I
51 1 ; LCIA~I; THAT QRE LE~;~C; THAI`J THE c:l-lririENT
51~; FEQ~ VALLIE -- WHEN THAr )I:l-ll-lNTErt = :3 51 l: -- WE hNI-lW THAT THE FEA~ HA; AC:TUALLY
5 1 4 : HQF~PENE~I
~, 1 ~, .
C)C)C:A ~ -: :1 S 1~:. MQ I N4C): MCIV F;C) ~C:NTPE~
:) .517 Ml lV @F~
Ol:)l-:E C)4A . ~ 5 1: ~ ~IMP ~lA I N
51~-/
~_l J C) S_l 5~J~: ; THE PREI ;ENT FF~EF.l~IENC:Y ~JAI-; LE ~ THAN
5~ ; THE F'EA~'; -- WA --; THE ~1 I FFEPENI-:E
5~14 ; CiF~EATE~ THAN 51 ~ F I T I ~; NCIT
5_'5; THEN hlE PEQLLY ~I'I NI~T HAVE A PEA~
S J~ ; __ .SCI ZERCI THE FEA~ C:CIUNTEP
~1~7 THE n I FFEPENI~E C:l-il INT I '~ F~' AN~I PC-S~
C) M~ I NC :~
. 1: :1 FA '1~ . A. F~
[l 1 C)~:FF .5: ::: AL~CI A ~ ~I:)FFH
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t:)C)L14 l. :F~ 5 :/: A~I~IC: Q #C)F~iH
. E~:.C:A ~i:-:7 ,il`Jl-: MAIN4C) ; IF ~IIFFEF~ENCE
5--::--: ; IS LE'-;'i THQN 51 !

s~ ~

;I~-,-II Ml-~45XllF'I-41 MAC:F~C~ ;Er1BLEp~ v~ ) pf~:F

L~ Cl~. IL I NE SCIUPC:E ST~TEMENT
il l T4 MA I N41:
'14 '.4 '.4~:; THE PPE~;ENT C:CIl INT I 5 LE~-;--; TH~N THE FE~k~
544: CCILINT AN~I THE rlIFFEF~lENl-:E I~: ~ 512 '.4', ~ ; C:NTF'E~ -- IF SCI WE H~VE
e,4~. ; QLREQrly ~;ENT 01 IT THE F E~ LOArl TO
547; THE HP 41 ~NCI UFB~TE~I THE 5ERIAL Cll IT
54~ T~ -- Sl I ~IU. ;T l~l~l TC I r~ IN
54~.~
~'f.l ; I S PE~k' C:CIl INTEF;
'~51 ~:II:)Cl' ~ - Ml-IV R~:t 7 -~ TF-E~
oo~l~ FC~.553 r1c'v ~ 7 ~RI:) rl-:o:-:554 XPL A, ~C1:-:H
C:~ i5 .IZ r~ rJ
'~5t:.
5.57 55:~: ; I NC:RE~lENT PEQ~ c:cllJNTEr C~CIBF 1 Cl 5~ C) I NC: @~0 5~
',~.: I : I S THE F EAh'. C:CIl INTER = ~: -- I F I T 1~;
5~.4: THEN IT Il~ TIME TCI uprlQ-rE THE -:ERI~L
5~:.5: Cll lT RECl I~;TEP~: ~NCI 5ENCI THE I NFCI TO THE
5~:6; HP - 41 -- IF THE REL-i I ~ ;TEF~ w~ 7 '~:.7 ; ~I`ICI WE XF~L ~ : -- THE F~C:C W I LL
5~-.:-:; NCIW ~E l:)F HEX
Ol:lEI:l c~o 57c) NI~F
Ol:lE 1 l~fl 571 NCIF-Ol:)E2 ~ C)F 57 -J XPL ~ 7 ~C)FH
C)CIE4 ~J~57:: . lhlZ tl~IN

~7 ~
57~:.
~77; THE PE~h~ F~Eb!UENl-:Y H~; clc:l-~ r~Erl 57:3 : 1-;l I TpAN5FEr~ THE l~l-lr~r~ENT F E~k~ l-llJNT
'.7~; I NTCI THE F-F~E--:ENT I :CIlJNTEF~ ~N~I C:~LL LCI-4[1 5;--:0 ; THEN 5E T l_lF THE : ;EF; I ~L CIIJTPUT F~EC; I 5TEF~
5~11 ; ;ETTINCi THE 5-r~riT BIT TCI ~ 1 5:-:~J; (~.--;HIFT THE FE~k: V~LI_IE TC I THE LEFT 1 5:-::- NCI .-;ET B I T c~ ~ ~T THE ~ lVlE T I IVlE
5~. :4; : ;TClr~E THE PEA~ E~lINl; IN F~ Nn P:--:
5: :5; FClF; Ell :~1 C:CINVEP~ ;ICIN
5: :~ LSCI C~ THE PE19~s LCIlq~l F;EC; I ~TEFi~
5: :7 s~

II Mr~ 4~ pI-4l MPCfiO A~ -;EMBLEF;~. Vt.(~ CiE :~

LCII' ClB~l LINE ~-;cll IkC:E l-;TATEMENT
~ .: Mf~I N: :C):
5:: .~
C~C;Eb B3-E ~ OV R(:~. ~F~EA~1 bl:)E~3 BC~ : 5C-.JI MqV F~1.#Pfi~EI;F1 OClEi~ ~i4;C17 ~ OALL TFi'AN';
.~4 )EI- ~ 440 ~ 5 I~QLL Ll-5'.;~7 ~;c~; IF FI = c) THE~E IÇ; A F'F;CIE~LEM ~ EITHEP
5;7C-.J; THE ZERCl Ol_lllNT (Fr~Er~ 3) IS LOWE~
6C)I); TH~N THE C:o~ll`lT Ihl ~FA7 C-:F~ ~ C-FC:
) I : CIR TWE PEA~ r :CIl lNT I Cr Ol lT- OF F~NC~E
.C):2 ; ---- ~IHEN I ~JQ'; C:ALC:l lLAT I l\lCi THE
~:.C)3; LOIqD F;l OVEF~F~AN THE LOClh~ up BCIl lN~IFY
/.l l4 ; ~- '-:F
~.1)~;
EE 7~,F'r ~:~C )h JF 1 Ivl~ I t~l'.. ~l 1 ~:.I 17 ~:.CI::; FCI = Cl C;l-l TC I 1~1~ I N I CI TO ~;ET THE C-;E~ L
~:.CI'.J; Ol lT RECiI C-;TER - FF
,,)l:)FC) 04~ :.1 1 .IMF~ M~ I N I l ) Csl4; Tr~Nl-;FEp THE LCI~l TCI c;Er~ L Cll lT r~EciI~;TEF~ll-;
t:.l.S; ~c;E-r c~T~r~T ~IT = 1 --- ~LC;O F'UT Il`~ F~:2 f!lN~I r~::
:. ; TCI pF:EpAr~E FOF~
~:~17 ~:.1:: 1'1A I N';~C I
~:. 1 'ji :)CIF-~ El:-: 1 A h_'l-.l MClV Rl:l ~TEMF~I
:)l:IF4 ~ Ml IV R I 7 #~--;Er~
:1C)Fh ~ ~7 ~ LR l, JC)F7 ~7 ~ 4 C F'L C ; TC _:ET THE C;T~F~T
~.:2s 7 EIIT
:Il:IF:-: Fl:l ~ 7 Ml-lV A. @r~
:Il:)F-~ ~A ~ r-: Ml-IV F~
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647; F~EA~IY TI-I C)I_ITPUT A NEW C`.I II INT
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01 4CI ~?1 I-IF;I-i 1 40H

~ 4 L.C-.l5 ; "LCI~Cl" fiCIlJTINE C:I-IMF'~REl-: THE F'RE~-;ENT
FREI.~lIJENI .Y WITH THE "o'I FF~EI !IJENI-:Y --- THE
4'~7; L~I~CI I N NEWTCIN'; I C; THEN C:ALC:I_IL~TE~I

7C)(:); FI~I-;T C:HEI-:~' TCI l-;EE IF THERE H~7C; ~EEN A V~LIC
7C)1 ; III)II FREI !LIENC:Y YET -- IS FfiEI ~ C~
7C). ~ LI I~

7~ I4 70~;; C:LE~F~ ERRI IR FL~Ci ~ ERRCIR WHEN F1 = O
7I ~/:.
7I:I7 C ) 140 A5 7CI:: C:LR F 1 0141 BS 70~ C:F'L F1 71~:

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7~ ; LCI~CI V~LIJE = 01:) 7. ~.

7 ~5 01 4E1 ~7 7''/: L-:LR f~ ; C:LE~F~ THE ~C:CI IMUL~TCIF~
7 ~7 ; ~ I NCE WE I~CIl ILCI ~E
7-~,C . : C:CII`~1 I l\.IC; TCI LCIACI5 FRCI~1 7~ : n I FFEF~ENT PL~I3E _; I N THE
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~ r I MI~C-; - 4~ 1p I -41 MAC:~O A~ .EMBLER 7 V: . O '' Ln~ 4B~ I L I NE sclLlr~ E ~;TATEMENT
4 ~ : ' 7~ ~ . IM F~ Ll-IA C
7: :~
7:-:7 7: ::-:
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74C); C:ClMPAri'E THE ~o~l FF~EI~UENl :Y ~J I TH THE ~
741 ; STCIRECl IN :-FA. : :FEt ,e~ ~:FI-: -- THAT ~ IN 7~:;
74'2 ; C:)-IMF~L I MENT Fclr~M
74::
744; THI~; NEXT C:CIClE Fril-lElul-:Es; TWI:) RE~;LILTS
74'.
746; 1) C:ALC:LILATE~; THE EIIFEF;ENC:E C:CIIJNT EtETWEEN
747 ; THE ~ I N :--:FQ THri'l l :~FI~ -- 'C;TI IriE:~ THAT
74:-: ; I N EIMT 1 ANtCI clM-r 741~
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7~l ; THAT # ~--;TORED I N :-:FA THF~I I :--:FC:
75 ~ NCI C:AF~ri'Y W I LL fiE~ LT I F I T I I; LES~-;
7',:~: THAN THA-r t~

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7~7 7GI - ; I N I T I ALLY WHEN I EIEC; I c;r~Ecl TH I l-; FlRc~ FlAr~l 7~'..' 7 I A~ --;l-lrlEEl THAT THE C:l:IIL AN~ C)C;I-:ILLATl:lR
7~.~) ; WCII ILCI EIE C:~IL I EtF~ETED I NEIEF'ENClEhlT CIF THE
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7~,~ ; El I ~ :TANI::E ~J I TH I N -rH~T c:cl I L - - '_;AY . ~ l~
7~:.:: ; THAT WE l-cll ILEI LAr~lcl WHE~J WE F~l lT THE C:l ll L
7~:.4 ; I N THE METAL h'CICl -- THEFi'EFI:lRE I Wl-ll ILEI
7~.~ ; HAVE TCI l~ALC:ULATE THE ~l I ' ;TANI :E ~ETWEEN
7~ ; THE l::ALI~F~ TICII`I ~l cl ~l F~ INT ANrrl Nl:l LCIAC
7~-,7 ; " 1:) " F~l:l I NT ANEI -rHEN C:ALI :LILATE THE
7~.~'; ClI~.TAr~JI::E BET~JEEN rHE Nl:l LCIA llclll F~CIINT
7~..'; ANEI MY F~EAt:: LCIAC
77C) 771 ; ~; I Nl::E I HAVE ~EEN C:AL I ElFi~AT I N~:; THE
77~ ; '-;EN~ ' I N THE METAL F~lIln -- THE
77.~-'; t::~LIBF~ATIClN 'l c) 'l ANEI THE N~l LCIAC
774 ; ~l I LL BE THE l-;AME - - l-;l:l I C :AN ,ILlMF
- 77~ ; ~IVEF~ THE F I ~I-;T F~ _lF TH I ;
77.'. : prill-ll-ihlAM - - ~ I :E IT IS NCIT C l-;ECI WITH THIC-;
777 ; METHI lcl - - I AM LE~'v'I~Ci IT IN I~`~C:A'-;E I EVE~
77:~ ; L-il l ElAI::t: Tl-l THE CITHE~ METHI:IE
77'.:
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7~:_ ~ Wl lI ILEI HAVE rcl E~E riEMl-lvE~
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~'~915A6 .

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Ll-ll: CIB-_lL I NE C;I-IIJfi~I E C;TQTEMENT
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r-:5:~ ; F l-i I l`lT I N THE 1-:l-l I L - '-;I lElTrif~l-:T THE
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:-:54 ; ~ D F'IIT THE ~NI~ JE~ IN ~IMT 1 f~ND L~ T ' :~.55 :-: 5 ~:.
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. :7 . TCI C;ET THE C:AF~'RY -- I WCll lL~I HAVE kESET
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~:.-:2; 7NCI E~YTE
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: :~J~ EE I F THE THE ~ I '; A VQL I Cl ~ ---- THEfi'E
~c~ 7 ; ~;HCIUL[I E~E A C:ARFRY ---- I F THERE I C; NCINE
~ -:; THAT MEAN'; THAT THE PRE~;ENT FRECI~IENl-:Y
,-C~5~ ; LEC-;~; THAN THE ZEFiC I ---- IF THAT IS THE
',i71 )1:1 ; C:AC;E -- .11 JS T MAI;:E Tl-IE LCIA[l VALI IE = f) .-, ~ ~; .
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R1 I~; ALF;EA~IY FClINTINl-i ~T THE
~2~; FRI-lFEk LCIl-:QTIl-IN IN THE: :CIl:l MEMI-lfiY
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I'-;-II Ml C;-4 ~IF~I-41 M~CRI I ~'';EM~LER. V3.0 F ` IE

LCII~ OEI I L I NE ~- C 1l IRI- E ST~TE!~1ENT
O l ~J 1 34~J4 ~'3 I C ~LL ~1 I .;F LI'l ~ ~3 C) I ~?~ 4 LI:I~ R~ET

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LClC: ClB~l LINE Sl-IURI-E ~;TATEr1ENT
~7 -:~ I C.-;PLAI-EMENT $~ -- THE METHI-lCl CJc 1 ~Y WHIC:H I rlcl THI~ IC: AC; FOLLCIWS
HAVE THE rl I FFEfiENI~E ~ UNT
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II M'-.;-4S/IlPI-41 MAC:F;I-l A.~;EMBLEF~ V3.l~ PA;-.

L~C C'~U LINE ~;CIU~l:E STATEMENT
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11:)7:-~ fCIINTEEl TCI ~Y Rl AN~I WE HQVE THE FF~AI~TIllNAL
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11)77 ; C:l IMF L I t1ENT F4RM ) AN~I 44NVERT I NT4 N4RlVlAL

II M~ -4::/UFI-4I M~C:RCI f~'`';EM~LER, V~:.C) PAC;i~

LOI-: OE~J LINE ~-;C I URI :E STATEI`IE~:NT
107:-: ; FCIRM
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C~ln4 1~FF 11~7 A~17;11- A7 ~CIFFH
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l7 E~E5 . 11 ~ JNI:: ~II:-;4~:) ; IF THERE I:;
11~:C) : NCI C:Qf~RY WE
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114'.' 1 l ~iC) ; ~LL ~Il-INE W I TH THE ~1 I '-;F'L~C:EMENT C:ALI :l_IL~T I CIN~.-;

1 I5~ ANI:I F~C-: CIF ~I C :CINT~IN THE ~ -;PLAC:EMENT #
1 15: 1 ; T I ME REC; I STER O)-INTA I N:; THE PEM~ I N~IEF~
11'4 ; F~1 I S F~l lINTINCi AT THE NEXT '-'CIC) LCIC:ATION
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1176; R- = M: ;R BINARY #

11 7c ; R4 = LS~ BC:[l~t 117~r~; RCJ = M:;EI Rl:Cl#
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LOC: 0~._l LINE ~-;CI~IRl :E r;TATEMENT

f~ ). RESETS flN~I C;TARTS THE EVENT COUNTER

:) W~IT'.-; FCIR THE C:flIL oC;ILLATCIR NTO SHUT CIFF
PUL':;ES FRI-IM THE f. MHZ L-l~l-ILLP~TCIR (TO l~iL-IES LI~W) r) 11; 4) WHILE WAI T INC; C IN THE NEW C:CI~lNT --- THE RREVIOUS
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17 ~-:7 ; SOI~lETINI; IC; lJRClNI-i 1. :-::: .
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I I MC:~-4'-:/l IF I-41 i~1AC:F;11 A~;~--;EMBLEF~ V:-:. C) f~ACiF ~7 Ll~l-. CIB J LINE -;CII IPI-:E -TATEMENT
1 ~74 1~'75 ; F I R -iT MAk::E 3~1F;E THE L I NE I C; L~ J
1 ~7/:. ' C)'-!-'5 C)'~1277 NPUTO: IN A, F 1 b'~ ' r,:-:,~27:~: XPL h, #CIcH
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1 2,c l 1 _:~_ -: ; L I NE I c; L4~J ---- NCI C:CII lNTc; AF~E ~E I NG GATE~I I NT~
12:-:4 ; THE HAF~IWAF;E l~l-IIJNTER
1 2:3~, 1~3~ F~'E~;ET C IN THE HQ~EIWARE C:CII lNTEF~ LOW
1 ~ .-:7 J~ F[~:-: ANL P 1 . ttl:lF~IH
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1.:13'; LCI~J TCI HIGH TF;AN ;ITICIN HA~-; C~ E~I l-IN THE TCI LINE
- 1: :14 ; ppl IGEE[I I~N WAITI~113 FCIP THE "TCI " LINE TO
1:-:1'~; GCI E~AC:~E LCI~J -- THEN ~JE TAE'E I N THE I :CIlJNT
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1: :17 1--:1c:; THE NEXT LCIClF I'-; AC:TLIAI_LY A l-;l-lFT~J~F;E TII~ JC.
LCIl-lF -- THE -;Ef;: I AL CIUT F l lL - E; AF~E
1.--: 0 ; : ;IJFFI l-:E[I Tl I ~E~ EXAI :TLY c ~l j APAF~T
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I I MC~ .--4:--:./UP I--41 M~C:F~ -;'-;EM~LEfi . V ? . l:~ F'f~.~E ~ -Ll ~07L~. I L I NE SC ll.lRl :E ST~TEI~lENT
: 1 F~u-lTINE Il-; EXITED I~Y THE JNTI~ NFUT:~
1 C~ 4 ; ~-;Tf~TEi`lENT W I LL EFFEC:T THE T I M I Nl-i Nl IW WAIT FClF: " TC) " TC I ~ic~ LCllJ ---- WHILE hAITINli ;HIFT CllJT THE LClA~l INFI-l IN ~.ERIAL FCIF~M
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1-.4~.' ; S I NC:E WHEN WE ENTEh' TH I '--; h'ClUT I NE THE
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1 ~: 5 1 1:-:5:~ ; TClC;l:iLE WATC:H rlCll3 T I MEF~ NEl ~ ;ET C;EF~ I ~L Cll lT
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LCIl- Cl~ J L I NE ~_;CI~lRl: E ' ;T~TEMENT
1~7~
1 ~ 7~ NPI IT ,~:

C~74E ~7 1 75 C L~ C
17 ~4F FF 1 - 76 MCIV , A . ~IMT 2 C1250 ~: 7 1 --'77 fiF;I A
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LC1l3 OB. I LINE SCIl lRl3E ~-;TQTE11ENT

147~; C:HEC:~ TO C;EE IF THE ZERCl LIhlE ICi HIl:iH -- IF IT I';
147_ ; THEN THE Ffi~E'-;ENT FRE~!LlENl-:Y C;l-lE'~ TC I THE ZERCl1, r~ ~ 3 1474 ; REC; I C;TER ---- THE C :NTCI REC~ I C;TER I S ';ET TO :~ SCl TH~T 4 1475; REAElINlZ~'-; WILL E~E AVEF~AC~EEl TClC;ETHEk FCiR THE "1~" FREl!l_lENli`.1 47~.

147': I`lF LlT~:
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1 4:~ C;CIE'_; TC I THE ZERC I REl:i I l-;TER
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14~,?'~7 ~7 I .'; r~ ~- ;ll IN ~' T 7;1):1 ANYTH I NCi 15C~l:); IF IT I'B Nl:lT ZERl:l -- PIElrl THE F'F;ESENT
15~ C:ClI INT Tl:l THE ZEfi'Cl RECiIC;TEF;~; -- IF IT
1 5C)~' : .Jl_l.';'r LlEC:F;'EMENTEC~ Tl-l ~ C) " THEl\J ~l I V I CIE
151:)::: ZE~CI fiEl:iI_;TER~-; E~Y 4 :14 1 51:)5 ~)2~J5 B:-:~:A 15C)t. NF~lJT-.)A~ Ml:)V F:C)7 ~C:NT~I
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LCII: OEI,.l LINE SCIClh'l :E ~;TATEMENT
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Claims (20)

1. Apparatus for engaging and applying force to a material to be handled, said apparatus comprising:
an assembly for engaging and applying an adjustable force to said material, said assembly including a shiftable, material engaging member, and a force-transmitting element secured to said member, said element being compressible upon experienc-ing sufficient compressive force as a result of movement of said member into contact with said material;
power means operably coupled with said assembly for applying adjustable forces thereto to thereby apply adjustable forces to said material, said power means including means coupled with said element for transmission of motive force therethrough to effect said shifting thereof; and means for adjusting the force applied to said material, including--electrical circuit means comprising trans-ducer means having a pair of rela-tively movable components operable, upon relative movement therebetween, for changing an electrical parameter experienced by said circuit means;
means operably coupling one of said components and said element for movement of the coupled component in response to compression of said element; and means operably connecting said power means and said circuit means for detecting said electrical parameter change, and for adjusting said forces applied to said assembly in response to said electrical parameter change, in order to thereby adjust the force applied to said material.

2. Apparatus as set forth in Claim 1, said element comprising an elongated, tubular metallic arm.

3. Apparatus as set forth in Claim 1, wherein said circuit means including oscillator means for generating an alternating current, said transducer means comprising a pair of relatively shiftable components operable, upon relative movement therebetween, for changing the frequency of said alternating current experienced by said circuit means.

4. Apparatus as set forth in Claim 3, wherein said components comprise an electromagnetic coil and a ferromagnetic core disposed at least partially within said coil.

5. Apparatus as set forth in Claim 4, said element comprising an elongated, tubular arm having a pair of opposed ends, said coil being secured to one of said ends, said core being supported by the other of said ends.

6. Apparatus as set forth in Claim 1, said detecting and adjusting means comprising circuit structure for generating an output signal which is linerally proportional to said compressive force, there being means operably coupling said output signal generating circuit structure to said power means.

7. Apparatus as set forth in Claim 1, said apparatus being a baler, said member comprising a crop-engaging plunger, said element comprising an elongated plunger arm operably coupled with said plunger.

8. Apparatus as set forth in Claim 1, said assembly comprising a pair of relatively spaced jaws defining a discharge opening therebetween, said jaws being mounted for relative shifting movement toward and away from one another to adjust the cross-sectional dimensions of said discharge opening, said power means further including means coupled with said jaws for effecting said adjusting movement thereof, said means operably connecting said power means and said circuit means including means connected with said means coupled to said jaws for adjusting the forces applied to said jaws in response to said electrical parameter change.

9. Apparatus as set forth in Claim 8, said means coupled with said jaws comprising a hydraulic piston and cylinder assembly.

10. In a baler:
a pair of relatively spaced jaws defining a restricted discharge opening therebetween through which compacted crop bales may be discharged from the baler, said jaws being mounted for relative shifting movement toward and away from one another to adjust the cross-sectional dimensions of said discharge opening;
power means operably coupled with said jaws for effecting said adjusting movement thereof;
a plunger reciprocable toward and away from said discharge opening for compacting and incrementally advancing successive charges of crop materials toward said opening during each compaction stroke of the plunger, whereby to form a bale whose density is determined at least in part by the resistance to advancement of the bale caused by the restricted discharge open-ing, said plunger having a structural member asso-ciated therewith subject to compressive loading during a bale-forming compaction stroke of the plunger; and means operably coupled with said power means and responsive to the extent of compres-sive loading in said structural member for causing adjustment of said jaws.

11. The baler as set forth in Claim 10, said adjustment-causing means comprising:
electrical circuit means including transducer means having a pair of relatively movable components operable, upon relative move-ment therebetween, for changing an elec-trical parameter experienced by said circuit means; and means operably coupling one of said components and said structural member for movement of the coupled component in response to compression of said structural member; and means operably connecting said power means and said circuit means for detecting said electrical parameter change, and for adjusting said jaws in response to said electrical parameter change.

12. The baler as set forth in Claim 11, said structural member comprising an elongated, tubular metallic arm.

13. The baler as set forth in Claim 11, said circuit means including oscillator means for generating an alternating current, said transducer means comprising a pair of relatively shiftable components operable, upon relative movement there-between, for changing the frequency of said alter-nating current experienced by said circuit means.

14. The baler as set forth in Claim 13, wherein said components comprise an electromagnetic coil and a ferromagnetic core disposed at least partially within said coil.

15. The baler as set forth in Claim 14, said structural member comprising an elongated, tubular arm having a pair of opposed ends, said coil being secured to one of said ends, said core being supported by the other of said ends.

16. The baler as set forth in Claim 11, said detecting and adjusting means comprising circuit structure for generating an output signal which is linearally proportional to said compressive loading in said member, there being means operably coupling said output signal-generating circuit structure to said power means.

17, Apparatus for controlling the density of bales of crop material discharged from an agricultural baling mach-ine, said apparatus comprising:
a bale case into which crop material is introduced;
means for providing resistance to the movement of crop material through said bale case;
a plunger element disposed for reciprocating movement in said bale case;
means for reciprocably driving said plunger element in a manner whereby said plunger element applies a com-pactive force to crop material introduced into said bale case and thereby facilitates movement of said crop material through said bale case;
means for connecting said plunger element to said plunger driving means;
means for sensing the stress experienced by said connect-ing means during the application of said compactive force applied by said plunger element and for product ing an electrical signal in accordance with said sensed stress; and, means for adjusting in response to said electrical signal the degree of resistance to said crop material move-ment through said bale case.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein said connect-ing means has a first end connected to said plunger drive means and a second end connected to said plunger element, and wherein said sensing means is positioned proximate one of said ends of said connecting means.

19. A method for controlling the density of bales of crop material discharged from an agricultural baling machine, said method comprising the steps of:
introducing crop material into a bale case;
reciprocably driving a plunger element disposed in said bale case in a manner whereby said plunger element applies a compactive force to crop material introduc-ed into said bale case, said plunger element being connected to plunger driving means by connecting means;
sensing the stress experienced by connecting means during the application of said compactive force applied by said plunger means for producing an electrical signal in accordance with said sensed stress; and, adjusting in response to said signal the degree of resist-ance so the movement of crop material through said bale case and thereby controlling the density of bales of crop material being discharged therefrom.

20. A method for controlling the degree of stress experienced by connecting means which connects a plunger ele-ment to plunger drive means of an agricultural baling machine, said method comprising the steps of:
introducing crop material into a bale case comprising said machine;
reciprocably driving said plunger element disposed in said bale case in a manner whereby said plunger element applies a compactive force to crop material introduc-ed in to said bale case, said plunger element being connected to plunger driving means by said connecting means;
sensing the stress experienced by connecting means during the application of said compactive force applied by said plunger means and for producing an electrical signal in accordance with said sensed stress; and adjusting in response to said signal the degree of resist-ance to the movement of crop material through said bale case and thereby controlling the degree of stress experienced by said connecting means.