CA1276442C - Use of an aqueous swollen macromolecule-containing system as water forfire fighting - Google Patents
Use of an aqueous swollen macromolecule-containing system as water forfire fightingInfo
- Publication number
- CA1276442C CA1276442C CA000507177A CA507177A CA1276442C CA 1276442 C CA1276442 C CA 1276442C CA 000507177 A CA000507177 A CA 000507177A CA 507177 A CA507177 A CA 507177A CA 1276442 C CA1276442 C CA 1276442C
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- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- water
- particles
- present
- weight
- acrylic acid
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0028—Liquid extinguishing substances
- A62D1/005—Dispersions; Emulsions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0064—Gels; Film-forming compositions
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
- Lift Valve (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
Abstract
S U M M A R Y O F T H E I N V E N T I O N
An aqueous system is used as water for fire fighting, comprising an aqueous phase having dispersed therein gel particles swollen by hydration having a diameter of from 0.1 to 3 mm comprising individual moderately cross-linked water-insoluble polar macromolecules of acrylic acid derivatives. The gel particles are present in an amount of from 0.1 to 0.6% by weight, calculated as dry substance and based on the aqueous phase, and the aqueous system has a viscosity of below 100 mPa's
An aqueous system is used as water for fire fighting, comprising an aqueous phase having dispersed therein gel particles swollen by hydration having a diameter of from 0.1 to 3 mm comprising individual moderately cross-linked water-insoluble polar macromolecules of acrylic acid derivatives. The gel particles are present in an amount of from 0.1 to 0.6% by weight, calculated as dry substance and based on the aqueous phase, and the aqueous system has a viscosity of below 100 mPa's
Description
~27644;~:
S P E C I F I C A T I O N
For fire fighting, water is predominantly used in the form available from the network of pipes or - for example, in the case o~ ~orest-fire - from natural waters. The mode of operation of the water for fire fighting consists, on the one hand, in that when it comes into contact with articles that are on fire, it brinas about, due to its very high heat capacity and heat of vaporization, very effective cooling so that the articles fall below their combustion or ignition temperature, whereby a new ignition is precluded. On the other hand,its effect consists in that when it comes into contact with hot articles, it vaporizes and the produced water vapor expels the air necessary for combustion and causes thereby the flames to be directly extinguished.
The main disadvantage of using water in its conventional form is that a large portion of the water runs off, frequently unused, in objects that are not on fire orsinks into the ground. This is particularly disadvantageous in the case of forest-fires when a considerable portion of the water which is frequently transported at a great expenditure remains totally unused. Especially fire fighting at ground level, is a very important aspect of forest-fire fighting because according to a typical form of forest-fire, the fire further consumes the dry underwood (grass, foliage, heather) and leads to individual crown fires which then iresistibly unite. To date, it has not been possible to make optimum use of the procured water, in particular because forest-fires are frequently preceded by a long period of dryness and, accordingly, the ground has a partlcularly high water absorptive capacity.
~Z7~42 sasically -the same problem is also encountered in other kinds of fires, for example, when a roof truss in a building is on fire in which the roof is not separated by a fire-proo~ floor from the lower stories. In this case, it is usual that the water reaches the lower stories of the building through floors, openings, staircases etc.
and is thereby lost for fire fighting. While this takes place, there is the danger that for lack of water, the fire spreads out from the burning story downwards. On the other hand, the running off water frequently results in considerable damages and, consequently, an increase of the employed amount of water for fire fighting is problematic.
In order to avoid the disadvantages mentioned above, DE-OS 31 14 630 describes the use of gels as water barrier on the surfaces of those parts of a building, e.g. flat roofs, which run the risk of catching fire, as well as for protecting entire regions from area conflagration.
This measure is designed to avoid an undesired loss of water for fire fighting as a result of running off and sinking into the ground. However, these are real gels exhibiting a very high viscosity which cover the article being protected,forming a thick layer thereon. Since gels of the kind do not penetrate into the objects in danger of catching fire, they have a poor extinguishing effect.
Their high viscosity also necessitates the use of special equipment for their application.
That fire protective measures with aqueous gels, such as those proposed in DE-OS 31 14 630, have not found wide-spread application is, on the one hand, due to the modest effect of the proposed methods and, on the other hand, due to the necessity of using special apparatuses for the fire fighting measures and, moreover, because they entail corrosion damages and environmental load.
z Therefore, the object of the present invention is to create means for fire fighting, with the intention of reducing damages caused by water, reducing the environ-mental load, allowing its use with conventionaL equipment and avoiding corrosion damages.
This object is realized by the invention by using an aqueous system as water for fire fighting characterized by the features of the claims.
Water-insoluble, in water strongly swelling polymers, are described, for example, in the American Patent Specifications 4,017,653 and 4,û18,951. These subs-tances are designated in the technical world as highly absorptive polymers or so called super absorbers. This applies in particular to the copolymers of acrylic or methacrylic acid with acrylamide, methacrylamide and acrylonitrile, such as described in DE-PS 2 706 135.
1he aqueous system is used as water for fire fighting and comprises an aqueous phase having dispersed therein gel particles swollen by hydration, preferably having a diameter of from 0.1 to 3 mm comprising cross-linked water-insoluble polar macromolecules of acrylic acid derivatives. The gel particles are preferably present in an amount oF from 0.1 to 0.6% by weight, calculated as dry substance and based on the aqueous phase, and -the aqueous system has a viscosity of below 100 mPa s. The aqueous phase can contain sodium, potassium or ammonium ions anr~
the macromolecules are a polyanionic acrylic acid copolymer. The solution can also contain active silicic acid or silicates.
The system of the present invention is preferably manufactured by adding potassium or sodium salts of the 127~i4~2 - 3a -dry minorily cross-llnked copolymer, based on sodium acrylate and/or acrylic acid, having a particle size o-~from 0.02 to 0.5 mm, to the corresponding amount of water while stirring or pumping over. Suitable cross-linking agents are olefinic, at least bifunctional monomers, such as, for example, methylene-bis-acrylamide, dlvinyl benzene, tris-allylcyanurate, tris-allyl-phosphate, etc.
The preparation of the suitable cross-linked polymers by radical or redox-polyrnerisation is known in the art.
In order to accelerate the swelling procedure, finely-divided active silicic acid an~/or silicates are added, if need be, to the non-swollen copolymers. The active 7 .
- 4 ~ 6~2 silicic acids that may be added are products which are already known, in particular as fil~ers or absorbers, such as the silicic acid xerogels having surfaces of more than 30 m2/g, measured according to the BET Method, usually of several 100 m2/9, or the active silicic acids having surfaces of from 50 to 450 m /g (Aerosil), measured according to the BE~ Method, prepared by flame hydrolytic decomposition of silicon tetrachloride. Instead of the active silicic acids, also active silicates precipitated from water glass a~d the correspo~ding metal salts and possibly mineral acids, in particular silicates of calcium, masnesium or aluminum, having surfaces measured according to the BET Method of more than 30 m2/g, in the form of their xerogels, are applicable for the purposes of the invention, in combination with the highly absorptive polymers.
The a~ueous system contains the gel particles in such concentraticns that sufficiently free water is present to achieve, in the first place, an excellent extinguishing effect with minimum damages caused by water and, in the second place, to allow lts application while ensu~ina a very good wet__n~ -a?aC~ , analogous tc that cf ~ure water.
In the a~ueous 5ys _em o~ the present invention, from 50 to ~o~ by weigh', p~eferably rom 60 to 70~ by weight, of the overall amount of water is present in the gel particles.
The gel particles are formed from the highly absorptive copolymers having a structure which allows them to absorb from 100- to 200-fold of their own weight of wateri however, they are not soluble in water. If an excess of water is added to the thusl~ swollen gel particles, the excess water remains as pure water phase,acting as vehicle for the gel particles, and substantially retains its viscosity, while the gel particles should be regarded as individual discrete particles.
* Trade Mark lZ76442 The swellingbodieSof the present invention, based on polyacrylic acid (in the form of the sodium or potassium salt) meet the requirements of the invention optimumly and do not cause any environmental load.
When adding a product of the kind up to an amount of about o.6% by weight to water, one detec~s only a minor increase of viscosity. The liquid remains completely pumpable and after a change from pure water to water having added thereto the swellingbodiesduring a fire extinguishing operation, the crew working with the jet pipe could not detect any difference in manipulation. When higher amounts are added, the viscosity increases abruptly and the free water, the presence of which characterizes the aqueous system of the invention, decreases rapidly.
One can talk of "water for fire fighting" which can be handled as pure water up to a viscosity of 100 mPa-s.
The addition of wetting agents is possible and can be useful in special cases, for example, for extinguishing cotton bales.
The effect of a water for fire fighting, prepared by adding the swellingbodiesin an amount of o.4~ to water was excellent - as determinec~ in a large scale test series:
It was found that in a standard room ire, the amount of extinguislllng water and the extinguishing time were reduced by 30 to 35~ and the extinguishing water running off from the source of fire was reduced by 85%. An addition of from o.5 to o.6% of swollen bodies, already increases the viscosity considerably, however, the fire extinguishing operation can still be carried out as usual.
The discrete gel particles of the present invention have nothing in comnlon with conventional thickening agents which are proposed for increasing the adherence of the water and which lead to a strong increase in viscosity and the disadvantages associated therewith.
~276d~4~
Corrosive phenomena on the used extinguishing apparatuses and on the objects sprayed for fire protection can be avoided by adjusting the pH value to from 6 to 8.
The use of the aqueous system of the present invention as water for fire fighting does not necessitate any special pumps or tubes because of the low viscosity. When fighting forest fires or during fire fighting in fli~ht, one can likewise employ conventional equipment. Finally, the use in fire extinguishers of Type W and in sprinkler apparatuses is also possible.
When using ~he agueous system for fire fighting of the present invention, the accompanying gel particles do not ~revent the water from penetrating into the burning article, however, they do not show any tendency to run off and in view of their own adhesive capacity remain on the objects which are burning or run the risk of burning and, in addition, in case of great heat development, they allow the water contained therein to escape easily in the form of vapor such that the entire water for fire fighting is available for cooling and vapor formatlon. The amount of neCeQsary extinguishing licluid is substantially reduced thereby, as compared to conventional means. Moreover, a very effectivc protection against the spreading of the fire results.
In fighting fires in storage tanks, the cooling of the wall is important. By virtue of the aqueous system, it is possible during the extinguishing operation to spray from time to time the wall of the tank with the same tube, the adhering gel particles making a permanent sprinkling superfluous and allowing a better exploitation of the tube capacity. The risk of repeated flaring up of the fire is reduced due to the gel particles which adhere to the extinguished article.
_ 7 _ 1~7644Z
The addition of the swellingbodies may be effected in the container of a triple combination pumper, in a "water bomber" or in particular mixing containers, itmaY
be necessary to slightly stir or moderately pump over during the spreading or some minutes after the termination of the spreading. The swollen gel particles do not adhere to each other. They may slightly precipitate during prolonged rest periods, however, they can be easily pumped over or stirred without any problem, even after weeks. This is, however, normally not necessary.
The usual method of applying the invention is to sprinkle or spray the aqueous system includingthe formed gel particles.
If desired, a variant consists in adding the swelllngbodies shortly in advance of the jet pipe in the non-swollen condition. Although the advantage of the higher adhesive capaclty of the gel particles for protectlng objects whlch have stlll not caught fire is then not made use of, one achieves very quickly an effective protection a~3ainst damages caused by water because the particles that are swollen after a very short time seal the gaps and joints. Once a seallng layer of the gel is formed, one can continue the operatlon with pure water, inasmuch as this appears useEul.
In the case of forest-fires, part o the gel remains on th-etrees due to its adhesive property and orms a good protection against the spreading oE the fire xom one tree crown to the other. In the case of fire in a building consisting of many stories, a water cover is formed which can prevent the fire from spreading all over the rest of the building.
A further use according to the invention consists in the manufacture of fire extinguishing blankets which, for - 8 ~ 127~
example, may be kept ready in the form of wraps for helping people to escape in plants and big buildings, such as hotels, with high fire hazard. Fire extinguishing blankets of the kind contain the swelling bodies in the swollen condition and, for avoiding a loss of moisture, they are seale~, for example, in a plastic bag or envelop.
S P E C I F I C A T I O N
For fire fighting, water is predominantly used in the form available from the network of pipes or - for example, in the case o~ ~orest-fire - from natural waters. The mode of operation of the water for fire fighting consists, on the one hand, in that when it comes into contact with articles that are on fire, it brinas about, due to its very high heat capacity and heat of vaporization, very effective cooling so that the articles fall below their combustion or ignition temperature, whereby a new ignition is precluded. On the other hand,its effect consists in that when it comes into contact with hot articles, it vaporizes and the produced water vapor expels the air necessary for combustion and causes thereby the flames to be directly extinguished.
The main disadvantage of using water in its conventional form is that a large portion of the water runs off, frequently unused, in objects that are not on fire orsinks into the ground. This is particularly disadvantageous in the case of forest-fires when a considerable portion of the water which is frequently transported at a great expenditure remains totally unused. Especially fire fighting at ground level, is a very important aspect of forest-fire fighting because according to a typical form of forest-fire, the fire further consumes the dry underwood (grass, foliage, heather) and leads to individual crown fires which then iresistibly unite. To date, it has not been possible to make optimum use of the procured water, in particular because forest-fires are frequently preceded by a long period of dryness and, accordingly, the ground has a partlcularly high water absorptive capacity.
~Z7~42 sasically -the same problem is also encountered in other kinds of fires, for example, when a roof truss in a building is on fire in which the roof is not separated by a fire-proo~ floor from the lower stories. In this case, it is usual that the water reaches the lower stories of the building through floors, openings, staircases etc.
and is thereby lost for fire fighting. While this takes place, there is the danger that for lack of water, the fire spreads out from the burning story downwards. On the other hand, the running off water frequently results in considerable damages and, consequently, an increase of the employed amount of water for fire fighting is problematic.
In order to avoid the disadvantages mentioned above, DE-OS 31 14 630 describes the use of gels as water barrier on the surfaces of those parts of a building, e.g. flat roofs, which run the risk of catching fire, as well as for protecting entire regions from area conflagration.
This measure is designed to avoid an undesired loss of water for fire fighting as a result of running off and sinking into the ground. However, these are real gels exhibiting a very high viscosity which cover the article being protected,forming a thick layer thereon. Since gels of the kind do not penetrate into the objects in danger of catching fire, they have a poor extinguishing effect.
Their high viscosity also necessitates the use of special equipment for their application.
That fire protective measures with aqueous gels, such as those proposed in DE-OS 31 14 630, have not found wide-spread application is, on the one hand, due to the modest effect of the proposed methods and, on the other hand, due to the necessity of using special apparatuses for the fire fighting measures and, moreover, because they entail corrosion damages and environmental load.
z Therefore, the object of the present invention is to create means for fire fighting, with the intention of reducing damages caused by water, reducing the environ-mental load, allowing its use with conventionaL equipment and avoiding corrosion damages.
This object is realized by the invention by using an aqueous system as water for fire fighting characterized by the features of the claims.
Water-insoluble, in water strongly swelling polymers, are described, for example, in the American Patent Specifications 4,017,653 and 4,û18,951. These subs-tances are designated in the technical world as highly absorptive polymers or so called super absorbers. This applies in particular to the copolymers of acrylic or methacrylic acid with acrylamide, methacrylamide and acrylonitrile, such as described in DE-PS 2 706 135.
1he aqueous system is used as water for fire fighting and comprises an aqueous phase having dispersed therein gel particles swollen by hydration, preferably having a diameter of from 0.1 to 3 mm comprising cross-linked water-insoluble polar macromolecules of acrylic acid derivatives. The gel particles are preferably present in an amount oF from 0.1 to 0.6% by weight, calculated as dry substance and based on the aqueous phase, and -the aqueous system has a viscosity of below 100 mPa s. The aqueous phase can contain sodium, potassium or ammonium ions anr~
the macromolecules are a polyanionic acrylic acid copolymer. The solution can also contain active silicic acid or silicates.
The system of the present invention is preferably manufactured by adding potassium or sodium salts of the 127~i4~2 - 3a -dry minorily cross-llnked copolymer, based on sodium acrylate and/or acrylic acid, having a particle size o-~from 0.02 to 0.5 mm, to the corresponding amount of water while stirring or pumping over. Suitable cross-linking agents are olefinic, at least bifunctional monomers, such as, for example, methylene-bis-acrylamide, dlvinyl benzene, tris-allylcyanurate, tris-allyl-phosphate, etc.
The preparation of the suitable cross-linked polymers by radical or redox-polyrnerisation is known in the art.
In order to accelerate the swelling procedure, finely-divided active silicic acid an~/or silicates are added, if need be, to the non-swollen copolymers. The active 7 .
- 4 ~ 6~2 silicic acids that may be added are products which are already known, in particular as fil~ers or absorbers, such as the silicic acid xerogels having surfaces of more than 30 m2/g, measured according to the BET Method, usually of several 100 m2/9, or the active silicic acids having surfaces of from 50 to 450 m /g (Aerosil), measured according to the BE~ Method, prepared by flame hydrolytic decomposition of silicon tetrachloride. Instead of the active silicic acids, also active silicates precipitated from water glass a~d the correspo~ding metal salts and possibly mineral acids, in particular silicates of calcium, masnesium or aluminum, having surfaces measured according to the BET Method of more than 30 m2/g, in the form of their xerogels, are applicable for the purposes of the invention, in combination with the highly absorptive polymers.
The a~ueous system contains the gel particles in such concentraticns that sufficiently free water is present to achieve, in the first place, an excellent extinguishing effect with minimum damages caused by water and, in the second place, to allow lts application while ensu~ina a very good wet__n~ -a?aC~ , analogous tc that cf ~ure water.
In the a~ueous 5ys _em o~ the present invention, from 50 to ~o~ by weigh', p~eferably rom 60 to 70~ by weight, of the overall amount of water is present in the gel particles.
The gel particles are formed from the highly absorptive copolymers having a structure which allows them to absorb from 100- to 200-fold of their own weight of wateri however, they are not soluble in water. If an excess of water is added to the thusl~ swollen gel particles, the excess water remains as pure water phase,acting as vehicle for the gel particles, and substantially retains its viscosity, while the gel particles should be regarded as individual discrete particles.
* Trade Mark lZ76442 The swellingbodieSof the present invention, based on polyacrylic acid (in the form of the sodium or potassium salt) meet the requirements of the invention optimumly and do not cause any environmental load.
When adding a product of the kind up to an amount of about o.6% by weight to water, one detec~s only a minor increase of viscosity. The liquid remains completely pumpable and after a change from pure water to water having added thereto the swellingbodiesduring a fire extinguishing operation, the crew working with the jet pipe could not detect any difference in manipulation. When higher amounts are added, the viscosity increases abruptly and the free water, the presence of which characterizes the aqueous system of the invention, decreases rapidly.
One can talk of "water for fire fighting" which can be handled as pure water up to a viscosity of 100 mPa-s.
The addition of wetting agents is possible and can be useful in special cases, for example, for extinguishing cotton bales.
The effect of a water for fire fighting, prepared by adding the swellingbodiesin an amount of o.4~ to water was excellent - as determinec~ in a large scale test series:
It was found that in a standard room ire, the amount of extinguislllng water and the extinguishing time were reduced by 30 to 35~ and the extinguishing water running off from the source of fire was reduced by 85%. An addition of from o.5 to o.6% of swollen bodies, already increases the viscosity considerably, however, the fire extinguishing operation can still be carried out as usual.
The discrete gel particles of the present invention have nothing in comnlon with conventional thickening agents which are proposed for increasing the adherence of the water and which lead to a strong increase in viscosity and the disadvantages associated therewith.
~276d~4~
Corrosive phenomena on the used extinguishing apparatuses and on the objects sprayed for fire protection can be avoided by adjusting the pH value to from 6 to 8.
The use of the aqueous system of the present invention as water for fire fighting does not necessitate any special pumps or tubes because of the low viscosity. When fighting forest fires or during fire fighting in fli~ht, one can likewise employ conventional equipment. Finally, the use in fire extinguishers of Type W and in sprinkler apparatuses is also possible.
When using ~he agueous system for fire fighting of the present invention, the accompanying gel particles do not ~revent the water from penetrating into the burning article, however, they do not show any tendency to run off and in view of their own adhesive capacity remain on the objects which are burning or run the risk of burning and, in addition, in case of great heat development, they allow the water contained therein to escape easily in the form of vapor such that the entire water for fire fighting is available for cooling and vapor formatlon. The amount of neCeQsary extinguishing licluid is substantially reduced thereby, as compared to conventional means. Moreover, a very effectivc protection against the spreading of the fire results.
In fighting fires in storage tanks, the cooling of the wall is important. By virtue of the aqueous system, it is possible during the extinguishing operation to spray from time to time the wall of the tank with the same tube, the adhering gel particles making a permanent sprinkling superfluous and allowing a better exploitation of the tube capacity. The risk of repeated flaring up of the fire is reduced due to the gel particles which adhere to the extinguished article.
_ 7 _ 1~7644Z
The addition of the swellingbodies may be effected in the container of a triple combination pumper, in a "water bomber" or in particular mixing containers, itmaY
be necessary to slightly stir or moderately pump over during the spreading or some minutes after the termination of the spreading. The swollen gel particles do not adhere to each other. They may slightly precipitate during prolonged rest periods, however, they can be easily pumped over or stirred without any problem, even after weeks. This is, however, normally not necessary.
The usual method of applying the invention is to sprinkle or spray the aqueous system includingthe formed gel particles.
If desired, a variant consists in adding the swelllngbodies shortly in advance of the jet pipe in the non-swollen condition. Although the advantage of the higher adhesive capaclty of the gel particles for protectlng objects whlch have stlll not caught fire is then not made use of, one achieves very quickly an effective protection a~3ainst damages caused by water because the particles that are swollen after a very short time seal the gaps and joints. Once a seallng layer of the gel is formed, one can continue the operatlon with pure water, inasmuch as this appears useEul.
In the case of forest-fires, part o the gel remains on th-etrees due to its adhesive property and orms a good protection against the spreading oE the fire xom one tree crown to the other. In the case of fire in a building consisting of many stories, a water cover is formed which can prevent the fire from spreading all over the rest of the building.
A further use according to the invention consists in the manufacture of fire extinguishing blankets which, for - 8 ~ 127~
example, may be kept ready in the form of wraps for helping people to escape in plants and big buildings, such as hotels, with high fire hazard. Fire extinguishing blankets of the kind contain the swelling bodies in the swollen condition and, for avoiding a loss of moisture, they are seale~, for example, in a plastic bag or envelop.
Claims (22)
1. In a method of fighting of fires or protection of objects from fire by applying thereto water, the improvement which comprises dispersing in the water particles of a cross-linked water-insoluble but highly water-swellable acrylic acid derivative polymer in an amount insufficient to bring the viscosity above or equal to 100 mPa's, the particles being present in an amount less than that which will take up all the free water to effect swelling.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the particles are present in from 0.1 to 0.6% by weight of the water.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the swollen gel particles are from 0.1 to 3 mm in diameter.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the polymer is a copolymer of an acrylic acid and the water contains sodium, potassium or ammonium ions.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the particles are present in an amount such that after swelling the swollen particles hold 50 to 80% by weight of the total water.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the particles are present in an amount such that after swelling the swollen particles hold 60 to 70% by weight of the total water.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the water further contains silicic acid and/or a silicate.
8. The method according to claim 6 wherein the swollen gel particles are from 0.1 to 3 mm in diameter and are present in from 0.1 to 0.6% by weight of the water the polymer being a copolymer of an acrylic acid, the water containing silicic acid and/or a silicate as well as sodium, potassium or ammonium ions.
9. A fire extinguisher filled with water having dispersed therein particles of a cross-linked water-insoluble but highly water-swellable acrylic acid derivative polymer in an amount insufficient to bring the viscosity above or equal to 100 mPa's, the particles being present in an amount less than that which will take up all the free water to effect swelling.
10. A fire extinguisher according to claim 9, wherein the particles are present in an amount such that after swelling the swollen particles hold 60 to 70% by weight of the total water, the swollen gel particles are from 0.1 to 3 mm in diameter and are present in from 0.1 to 0.6% by weight of the water, the polymer being a copolymer of an acrylic acid, the water containing silicic acid and/or a silicate as well as sodium, potassium or ammonium ions.
11. A fire extinguishing blanket comprising a blanket-like article containing water having dispersed therein particles of a cross-linked water-insoluble but highly water-swellable acrylic acid derivative polymer in an amount insufficient to bring the viscosity above or equal to 100 mPa's, the particles being present in an amount less than that which will take up all the free water to effect swelling.
12. A blanket according to claim 11, wherein the particles are present in an amount such that after swelling the swollen particles hold 60 to 70% by weight of the total water, the swollen gel particles are from 0.1 to 3 mm in diameter and are present; in from 0.1 to 0.6% by weight of the water, the polymer being a copolymer of an acrylic acid, the water containing silicic acid and/or a silicate as well as sodium, potassium or ammonium ions.
13. A fire fighting fluid comprising an aqueous phase and having dispersed therein gel particles swollen by hydration having a diameter of from 0.1 to 3 mm comprising cross-linked water-insoluble polar macromolecules of acrylic acid derivatives, the gel particles being present in an amount of from 0.1 to 0.6% by weight, calculated as dry substance and based on the aqueous solution, and the aqueous system having a viscosity below 100 mPa's.
14. A fire fighting fluid as claimed in claim 13 wherein the aqueous phase contains sodium, potassium or ammonium ions and the macromolecules are a polyanionic acrylic acid copolymer.
15. A fire fighting fluid as claimed in claim 13 wherein from 50 to 80% by weight of the total water is present in the gel particles.
16. A fire fighting fluid as claimed in claim 13, 14 or 15 containing active silicic acid and/or silicates.
17. A fire fighting fluid as claimed in claim 13, 14 or 15 in the form of a fire extinguisher system or a sprinkler system.
18. In an aqueous fire fighting system, an aqueous phase and having dispersed therein gel particles swollen by hydration having a diameter of from 0.1 to 3 mm comprising cross-linked water-insoluble polar macromolecules of acrylic acid derivatives, the gel particles being present in an amount of from 0.1 to 0.6%
by weight, calculated as dry substance and based on the aqueous solution, and the aqueous system having a viscosity below 100 mPa's.
by weight, calculated as dry substance and based on the aqueous solution, and the aqueous system having a viscosity below 100 mPa's.
19. In an aqueous fire fighting system as claimed in claim 18 wherein the aqueous phase contains sodium, potassium or ammonium ions and the macromolecules are a polyanionic acrylic acid copolymer.
20. In an aqueous fire fighting system as claimed in claim 18 wherein from 50 to 80% by weight of the total water is present in the gel particles.
21. In an aqueous fire fighting system as claimed in claim 18, 19 or 20 containing active silicic acid and/or silicates.
22. In an aqueous fire fighting system as claimed in claim 18, 19 or 20 in the form of a fire extinguisher system or a sprinkler system.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP3515865.4 | 1985-05-03 | ||
| DE19853515865 DE3515865A1 (en) | 1985-05-03 | 1985-05-03 | USE OF AN AQUEOUS, SWELLED MACROMOLECULE-CONTAINING SYSTEM AS FIREWATER |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1276442C true CA1276442C (en) | 1990-11-20 |
Family
ID=6269692
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000507177A Expired - Lifetime CA1276442C (en) | 1985-05-03 | 1986-04-21 | Use of an aqueous swollen macromolecule-containing system as water forfire fighting |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0199897B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH088937B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE41872T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU595198B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1276442C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3515865A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK159673C (en) |
| ES (1) | ES8708189A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI98271C (en) |
| GR (1) | GR861138B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO166571C (en) |
| PT (1) | PT82441B (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3716304A1 (en) * | 1987-05-15 | 1988-11-24 | Bluecher Hubert | EXTINGUISHING WATER ADDITION |
| FR2628976B1 (en) * | 1988-03-25 | 1991-11-15 | Weber Sa A | WATER TREATMENT PROCESS FOR FIRE FIGHTING |
| DE4336319A1 (en) * | 1993-10-25 | 1995-04-27 | Oeko Tec Umweltschutzsyst Gmbh | Extinguishing media and process for its manufacture |
| DE4343728C2 (en) * | 1993-12-21 | 1997-04-24 | Gernot Dr Loehnert | Process for the production of thickened water and its use |
| AU718417B2 (en) * | 1995-11-14 | 2000-04-13 | Stockhausen Gmbh & Co. Kg | Water additive and method for fire prevention and fire extinguishing |
| GR1002790B (en) * | 1996-07-22 | 1997-10-17 | Methods and products for extinguishing fires. | |
| DE19756779A1 (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 1998-07-16 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Agent which cools pyrotechnically produced gas containing an aerosol |
| NL1007738C2 (en) * | 1997-12-08 | 1999-06-09 | Univ Delft Tech | Gel-forming fire-extinguishing system |
| DE10041394A1 (en) * | 2000-08-23 | 2002-03-07 | Stockhausen Chem Fab Gmbh | Use of water-in-water polymer dispersions for fire prevention and fighting |
| DE10041395A1 (en) | 2000-08-23 | 2002-03-07 | Stockhausen Chem Fab Gmbh | Polymer dispersions for fire prevention and fire fighting with improved environmental compatibility |
| DE102007036902A1 (en) | 2007-08-06 | 2009-02-12 | BLüCHER GMBH | Extinguishing device, extinguishing system and method for local firefighting |
| WO2019068941A1 (en) * | 2017-10-06 | 2019-04-11 | Soriano Azorin Juan Jose | Fire-extinguishing system |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3229769A (en) * | 1963-01-28 | 1966-01-18 | Dow Chemical Co | Method for controlling the spread of fire |
| US3354084A (en) * | 1964-06-24 | 1967-11-21 | Dow Chemical Co | Aqueous gel of water-swellable acrylic polymer and non-ionic filler |
| US3404089A (en) * | 1964-08-20 | 1968-10-01 | Mobil Oil Corp | Method of extinguishing fire |
| US3976580A (en) * | 1975-11-07 | 1976-08-24 | Bernard Kaminstein | Gelled fire extinguisher fluid comprising polyacrylamide and bentonite |
| JPS5649167A (en) * | 1979-09-26 | 1981-05-02 | Miyata Ind | Fireeextinguishing substanse |
| US4384988A (en) * | 1980-04-10 | 1983-05-24 | L.M.C. Inc. | Fire protection water barrier which is a gel composition of high water content and high viscosity |
| JPS59189869A (en) * | 1983-04-11 | 1984-10-27 | 昭和電工株式会社 | Diasters preventing tool |
| EP0212017B1 (en) * | 1983-06-21 | 1990-01-17 | Cease Fire Corporation | Thixotropic fire suppressant composition containing carboxy polymer gelling agent |
-
1985
- 1985-05-03 DE DE19853515865 patent/DE3515865A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1986
- 1986-01-29 AT AT86101157T patent/ATE41872T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-01-29 EP EP86101157A patent/EP0199897B1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-01-29 DE DE8686101157T patent/DE3662641D1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-04-14 FI FI861553A patent/FI98271C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-04-14 JP JP61085847A patent/JPH088937B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-04-21 CA CA000507177A patent/CA1276442C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-04-22 PT PT82441A patent/PT82441B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-04-29 GR GR861138A patent/GR861138B/en unknown
- 1986-04-30 ES ES554541A patent/ES8708189A1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-05-02 DK DK203786A patent/DK159673C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-05-02 NO NO861750A patent/NO166571C/en unknown
- 1986-05-02 AU AU57066/86A patent/AU595198B2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK203786D0 (en) | 1986-05-02 |
| GR861138B (en) | 1986-08-21 |
| DE3662641D1 (en) | 1989-05-11 |
| AU595198B2 (en) | 1990-03-29 |
| JPH088937B2 (en) | 1996-01-31 |
| ATE41872T1 (en) | 1989-04-15 |
| DK159673C (en) | 1991-04-15 |
| FI861553A0 (en) | 1986-04-14 |
| DK203786A (en) | 1986-11-04 |
| PT82441A (en) | 1986-05-01 |
| NO166571B (en) | 1991-05-06 |
| AU5706686A (en) | 1986-11-06 |
| FI98271B (en) | 1997-02-14 |
| EP0199897B1 (en) | 1989-04-05 |
| ES8708189A1 (en) | 1987-10-01 |
| JPS6284779A (en) | 1987-04-18 |
| NO861750L (en) | 1986-11-04 |
| NO166571C (en) | 1991-08-14 |
| FI98271C (en) | 1997-05-26 |
| PT82441B (en) | 1988-03-03 |
| ES554541A0 (en) | 1987-10-01 |
| EP0199897A1 (en) | 1986-11-05 |
| DK159673B (en) | 1990-11-19 |
| FI861553A (en) | 1986-11-04 |
| DE3515865A1 (en) | 1986-11-06 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |