CA1246362A - Ground wire with optical fiber cable - Google Patents
Ground wire with optical fiber cableInfo
- Publication number
- CA1246362A CA1246362A CA000455662A CA455662A CA1246362A CA 1246362 A CA1246362 A CA 1246362A CA 000455662 A CA000455662 A CA 000455662A CA 455662 A CA455662 A CA 455662A CA 1246362 A CA1246362 A CA 1246362A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- protective tube
- ground wire
- optical fiber
- fiber cable
- thickness
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/4415—Cables for special applications
- G02B6/4416—Heterogeneous cables
- G02B6/4422—Heterogeneous cables of the overhead type
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Communication Cables (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A ground wire with an optical fiber cable includes a protective tube in which the optical fiber cable is housed, the protective tube being made of either hard aluminum or an aluminum-magnesium based alloy. A layer of wires are wound helically around the protective tube. The ratio of the thickness of the protective tube to its radius is determined in accordance with the critical compressive force exerted on the protective tube in such a manner that the protective tube is prevented from crushing.
A ground wire with an optical fiber cable includes a protective tube in which the optical fiber cable is housed, the protective tube being made of either hard aluminum or an aluminum-magnesium based alloy. A layer of wires are wound helically around the protective tube. The ratio of the thickness of the protective tube to its radius is determined in accordance with the critical compressive force exerted on the protective tube in such a manner that the protective tube is prevented from crushing.
Description
'~L2463~
.
GROUND WIRE WITH OPTICAL FIBER CABLE
B~CKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention ~his invention relates to a ground wire with an optical fiber cable for an overhead transmission line.
Prior Art .
An optical fiber is capable of transmitting a large amount OAf information with a very low transmission loss and is a good insulator with no electromag~etic induction. It has therefore been proposed to provide a ground wire with an optical fiber cable to form an economical information loop or network along an overhead power transmission line.
- BRIEF DE5GRIPTION ~F TH~ DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a ground wire with an optical fiber cable in accordance with the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a ground wire with an optical fiber cable ~rovided in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged end view of a protective tube incorporated in the ground wire of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4A.is a graph showing the relation between the critical compressive force of the protective tube of hard aluminum and the ratio of its thickness to its radius;
FIG. 4B is a graph showing the relation between the critical compressive force of the protective tube of an aluminum-magnesium based alloy and the ratio of its thickness.
to its radius; and FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a test apparatus for model 30 ground wires.
~IL24G362 There is shown in FIG. 1 a conventional ground wire having an optical ~iber cable 1 comprising a bundle of optical fibers sheathed by a silicone resin or the like. The optical fiber cable 1 is housed loosely in an aluminum tube 2 so that it can be withdrawn therefrom for replacement by a new one. Layers of first and second wires 3 and 4 are disposed around the aluminum tube 2. The first wire 3 of a ; circular cross-section comprises either a galvanized steel wire or an aluminum-covered steel wire. The second wire 4 of a generally rectangular cross-section has a thickness substantially equal to the diameter of the first wire 3, and comprises an aluminum wire. The first and second wires 3 and 4 in each layer are helically arranged in an alternate manner and disposed in firm engagement with each other. With this construction, the aLuminum tube 2 accommodating the optical fiber cable 1 is protected by the layers of wires 3 and 4, and therefore even though the ground wire is subjected to an external force, the aluminum tube 2 disposed centrally of the - la -3~ L63~
ground wire is not crushed or deformed. Such a conventional ground wire has been found not entirely satisfactory, however, in that the overall manufacturing cost is rather increased because the manufacture of the second wire 4 of a rectangular cross-section requires much time and labor. In addition, the use of such cross-sectionally rectangular wire 4 lowers the speed of the helical-winding of the wires 3 and 4, which further increases the manufacturing cost.
S~MMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an objectr of this invention to provide a ground wire with an optical fiber cable which can be manufactured at low costs.
According to the present invention, there is provided a ground wire with an optical fiber cable which comprises a protective tube of a circular cross-section accommodating the optical fiber cable therein, the protective tube being made of either hard aluminum or an aluminum-magnesium based alloy and being defined by a peripheral wall of a uniform thickness t, and the protective tube having a radius R extending between a center therof and a point disposed centrally of the thickness t of the peripheral wall; and a layer of wires helically wound around the protective tube. The ratio of the thickness t to the radius R (t/R) is determined in accordance with the critical compressive force Y of the protective tube in such a manner that the protective tube is not crushed or deformed even if it is subjected to an external or compressive force. More specifically, in the case where the protective tube is made of hard aluminum, the ratio (t/R) should satisfy the following formula:
~2~63~2 t/R - (logl0 3Y - 1.61) / l-?
In the case where the protective tube is made of an aluminum-magnesium based.alloy, the ratio (t/R) should sat~sfy the following formulas ~/R a (logl0 3Y - 1.85) / 1.6 . , .
A ground wire with an optical fiber cable shown in FIG.
.
GROUND WIRE WITH OPTICAL FIBER CABLE
B~CKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention ~his invention relates to a ground wire with an optical fiber cable for an overhead transmission line.
Prior Art .
An optical fiber is capable of transmitting a large amount OAf information with a very low transmission loss and is a good insulator with no electromag~etic induction. It has therefore been proposed to provide a ground wire with an optical fiber cable to form an economical information loop or network along an overhead power transmission line.
- BRIEF DE5GRIPTION ~F TH~ DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a ground wire with an optical fiber cable in accordance with the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a ground wire with an optical fiber cable ~rovided in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged end view of a protective tube incorporated in the ground wire of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4A.is a graph showing the relation between the critical compressive force of the protective tube of hard aluminum and the ratio of its thickness to its radius;
FIG. 4B is a graph showing the relation between the critical compressive force of the protective tube of an aluminum-magnesium based alloy and the ratio of its thickness.
to its radius; and FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a test apparatus for model 30 ground wires.
~IL24G362 There is shown in FIG. 1 a conventional ground wire having an optical ~iber cable 1 comprising a bundle of optical fibers sheathed by a silicone resin or the like. The optical fiber cable 1 is housed loosely in an aluminum tube 2 so that it can be withdrawn therefrom for replacement by a new one. Layers of first and second wires 3 and 4 are disposed around the aluminum tube 2. The first wire 3 of a ; circular cross-section comprises either a galvanized steel wire or an aluminum-covered steel wire. The second wire 4 of a generally rectangular cross-section has a thickness substantially equal to the diameter of the first wire 3, and comprises an aluminum wire. The first and second wires 3 and 4 in each layer are helically arranged in an alternate manner and disposed in firm engagement with each other. With this construction, the aLuminum tube 2 accommodating the optical fiber cable 1 is protected by the layers of wires 3 and 4, and therefore even though the ground wire is subjected to an external force, the aluminum tube 2 disposed centrally of the - la -3~ L63~
ground wire is not crushed or deformed. Such a conventional ground wire has been found not entirely satisfactory, however, in that the overall manufacturing cost is rather increased because the manufacture of the second wire 4 of a rectangular cross-section requires much time and labor. In addition, the use of such cross-sectionally rectangular wire 4 lowers the speed of the helical-winding of the wires 3 and 4, which further increases the manufacturing cost.
S~MMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an objectr of this invention to provide a ground wire with an optical fiber cable which can be manufactured at low costs.
According to the present invention, there is provided a ground wire with an optical fiber cable which comprises a protective tube of a circular cross-section accommodating the optical fiber cable therein, the protective tube being made of either hard aluminum or an aluminum-magnesium based alloy and being defined by a peripheral wall of a uniform thickness t, and the protective tube having a radius R extending between a center therof and a point disposed centrally of the thickness t of the peripheral wall; and a layer of wires helically wound around the protective tube. The ratio of the thickness t to the radius R (t/R) is determined in accordance with the critical compressive force Y of the protective tube in such a manner that the protective tube is not crushed or deformed even if it is subjected to an external or compressive force. More specifically, in the case where the protective tube is made of hard aluminum, the ratio (t/R) should satisfy the following formula:
~2~63~2 t/R - (logl0 3Y - 1.61) / l-?
In the case where the protective tube is made of an aluminum-magnesium based.alloy, the ratio (t/R) should sat~sfy the following formulas ~/R a (logl0 3Y - 1.85) / 1.6 . , .
A ground wire with an optical fiber cable shown in FIG.
2 comprises a protective tube 2 in wh~ch an optical fiber cable 1 is loosely housed, and a plurality of wires 3 helically wound tightly around the protective tube 2, the - . 7 optical fiber cable 1 being sheathed or coated with a silicone resin or the like. Each of the wires 3 is of a circular cross-section and comprises either a galvanized steel wire or an aluminum-covered steel wire. The protective tube 2 is of a circular cross-section and is made of either hard aluminum or an aluminum-magnesium based alloy. The outer diameter of the protective tube 2 is substantially equal to that of the wire 3. As shown in FIG. 3, the protective tube is defined by a peripheral wall 2a having a uniform thickness t and has a,radius R extending between the center of the protective tube 2 and a point disposed centrally of the thickness t of the peripheral wall 2a.
In order that the protective tube 2 made of hard aluminum is not subjected to crushing, the ratio of the thickness t to the radius R should satisfy the following formula (1):
t~R - (log10 3Y - 1.61) / 1.7 ...... (1) wherein Y is a critical compressive force (kgf/cm) exerted on a unit length of the protective tube 2.
Also, in order that the protective tube 2 made of an aluminum-magnesium based alloy is not subjected to crushing, the ratio of the thickness t to the radius R should satisfy the following formula (2):
``` ~L~46362 t/R - (log10 3Y - 1.85) / 1.6 ...... (2) The critical compressive force Y is the force above which the protective tube 2 is subjected to abrupt crushing or substantial deformation. Below the critical compressive S force Y, the protective tube 2 is hardly subjected to deformation, and the amount of deformation of the outer diameter of the protective tube 2 is up to 0.2 ~.
The critical compressive force of the protective tube 2 of hard aluminum was examined using sample tubes of hard aluminum having a length of 3 cm. Each sample tube was supported on a horizontal support member, and a load was applied to the sample tube by a weight to observe the crushing and deformation of the sample tube. The results obtained are shown in a graph of FIG. 4A.
Also, the critical compressive force of the protective tube 2 of an aluminum-magnesium based alloy was examined according to the procedure as described above for the protective tube 2 of hard aluminum. The results obtained are shown in a graph of FIG. 4B.
As can be seen from FIG. 4A, in order that the protective tube 2 of hard aluminum is not subjected to crushing, the ratio of the thickness t to the radius R should satisfy the above-mentioned formula (1).
Also, as can be seen from FIG. 4B, in order that the protective tube 2 of an aluminum-magnesium based alloy is not subjected to crushing, the ratio of the thickness t to the radius R should satisfy the above-mentioned formula (2).
63~ii2 The hard aluminum of which the protective tube 2 is made is one having an aluminum content of not less than 90 %, such as those identified by Alloy Nos. 1080, 1070, 1050, 1100 and 1200 (JIS H 4000).
The aluminum magnesium based alloy of whlch the protective tube 2 is made is one identified by Alloy No. 5005 tJIS H 4,000), and this alloy is commonly used as a conductor.
For installing the ground wire, a plurality of sheaves are used to hoist it on to a tower or pylon, and the ground wire and hence the protective tube are subjected to compressive forces by the sheaves, the compressive forces being proportional to a tension of the ground wire at the installation thereof. The tension, to which the ground wire with the optical fiber cable is subjected when it is installed or laid in the air to provide an overhead transmission line, varies with the type of installation. For example, when a new ground wire is installed to replace an old one, it is subjected to a tension of 200 to 300 kg. On the other hand, when a ground wire is newly installed, it is generally subjected to a tension of 1,000 kg.
In order to ascertain the relationship between the critical compressive force used in FIGS. 4A and 4B and the tension exerted on the ground wire, model ground wires were prepared using protective tubes having different ratios of thickness t to radius R, and each ground wire was installed on a test apparatus as shown in FIG. 5. Each model ground wire 5 was extended around a sheave 8, and a first steel rope 6 ex-tended around sheaves 9 and 9 and was connected at its opposite ends to the ends of the model ground wire 5 so that ~2~6;~2 the model ground wire 5 and the steel rope 6 cooperated to form a loop of a generally triangular shape. The model ground wire 5 was bent around the sheave 8 at an angle 0 of 120 degrees. Bracings 7 and 7 were attached to the opposite ends of the model ground wire 5. A tensiometer 10 was connected between the model ground wire 5 and the steel rope 6. A second steel rope 15 was extended around sheaves 13, 13 and was held in contact with a sheave 16 at its opposite end portions, and the sheave 16 was connected to a winch (not shown) through a rope 11. A third steel rope 18 extended between the sheave 16 and a point 12 where the first, second and third ropes 6, lS and 18 were fixedly connected together.
The steel rope 11 was pulled in a direction indicated by an arrow (FIG. 5) to make the model ground wire 5 taut through the sheave 16, the third rope 18 and the first rope 6. Then, the opposite ends of the third rope 15 were pulled alternately so that the model ground wire 5 was correspondingly moved around the sheave 8 in opposite directions, thereby imparting a predetermined tension to the model ground wire 5. Then, it was observed whether the protective tube was crushed or deformed by the sheave 8.
A tension of 300 kgf at the installation of a ground wire corresponds to 100 kgf/3 cm, and 1000 kgf corresponds to 330 kgf/3cm as indicated by arrows on the horizontal axes of the graphs in FIGS. 4A and ~B.
Therefore, in the case of the wire tension of 300 kg, the protective tube of hard aluminum is not subjected to crushing if the ratio (t/R) is more than 0.23. And, in the ``` ~L2~Çi362 case of the wire tension of 1,000 kg, the ratio (t/R) of more than 0.53 is sufficient to prevent the protective tube from crushing.
Also, in the case of the wire tension of 300 kg, the protective tube of an aluminum-magnesium alloy is not subjected to crushing if the ratio (t/R) is more than 0.09.
And, in the case of the wire tension of 1,000 kg, the ratio (t/R) of more than 0.42 is sufficient to prevent the protective tube from crushing.
As described above, the ~atio of the thickness t to the radius R (t/~) is suitably determined in accordance with the critical compressive force of the protective tube 2 made of either hard aluminum or an aluminum-magnesium based alloy, so that the protective tube 2 is not subjected to crushing even if the round wires 3 are used in the ground wire. By virtue of the use of the cross-sectionally circular wires 3, the overall manufacturing cost of the ground wire with the optical fiber cable can be reduced, since the helical winding of the wire 5 around the protective tube 2 can be carried out at a high speed.
While the ground wire with the optical fiber cable has been specifically shown and described herein, the invention itself is not to be restricted by the exact showing of the drawings or the description thereof. For example, the wires
In order that the protective tube 2 made of hard aluminum is not subjected to crushing, the ratio of the thickness t to the radius R should satisfy the following formula (1):
t~R - (log10 3Y - 1.61) / 1.7 ...... (1) wherein Y is a critical compressive force (kgf/cm) exerted on a unit length of the protective tube 2.
Also, in order that the protective tube 2 made of an aluminum-magnesium based alloy is not subjected to crushing, the ratio of the thickness t to the radius R should satisfy the following formula (2):
``` ~L~46362 t/R - (log10 3Y - 1.85) / 1.6 ...... (2) The critical compressive force Y is the force above which the protective tube 2 is subjected to abrupt crushing or substantial deformation. Below the critical compressive S force Y, the protective tube 2 is hardly subjected to deformation, and the amount of deformation of the outer diameter of the protective tube 2 is up to 0.2 ~.
The critical compressive force of the protective tube 2 of hard aluminum was examined using sample tubes of hard aluminum having a length of 3 cm. Each sample tube was supported on a horizontal support member, and a load was applied to the sample tube by a weight to observe the crushing and deformation of the sample tube. The results obtained are shown in a graph of FIG. 4A.
Also, the critical compressive force of the protective tube 2 of an aluminum-magnesium based alloy was examined according to the procedure as described above for the protective tube 2 of hard aluminum. The results obtained are shown in a graph of FIG. 4B.
As can be seen from FIG. 4A, in order that the protective tube 2 of hard aluminum is not subjected to crushing, the ratio of the thickness t to the radius R should satisfy the above-mentioned formula (1).
Also, as can be seen from FIG. 4B, in order that the protective tube 2 of an aluminum-magnesium based alloy is not subjected to crushing, the ratio of the thickness t to the radius R should satisfy the above-mentioned formula (2).
63~ii2 The hard aluminum of which the protective tube 2 is made is one having an aluminum content of not less than 90 %, such as those identified by Alloy Nos. 1080, 1070, 1050, 1100 and 1200 (JIS H 4000).
The aluminum magnesium based alloy of whlch the protective tube 2 is made is one identified by Alloy No. 5005 tJIS H 4,000), and this alloy is commonly used as a conductor.
For installing the ground wire, a plurality of sheaves are used to hoist it on to a tower or pylon, and the ground wire and hence the protective tube are subjected to compressive forces by the sheaves, the compressive forces being proportional to a tension of the ground wire at the installation thereof. The tension, to which the ground wire with the optical fiber cable is subjected when it is installed or laid in the air to provide an overhead transmission line, varies with the type of installation. For example, when a new ground wire is installed to replace an old one, it is subjected to a tension of 200 to 300 kg. On the other hand, when a ground wire is newly installed, it is generally subjected to a tension of 1,000 kg.
In order to ascertain the relationship between the critical compressive force used in FIGS. 4A and 4B and the tension exerted on the ground wire, model ground wires were prepared using protective tubes having different ratios of thickness t to radius R, and each ground wire was installed on a test apparatus as shown in FIG. 5. Each model ground wire 5 was extended around a sheave 8, and a first steel rope 6 ex-tended around sheaves 9 and 9 and was connected at its opposite ends to the ends of the model ground wire 5 so that ~2~6;~2 the model ground wire 5 and the steel rope 6 cooperated to form a loop of a generally triangular shape. The model ground wire 5 was bent around the sheave 8 at an angle 0 of 120 degrees. Bracings 7 and 7 were attached to the opposite ends of the model ground wire 5. A tensiometer 10 was connected between the model ground wire 5 and the steel rope 6. A second steel rope 15 was extended around sheaves 13, 13 and was held in contact with a sheave 16 at its opposite end portions, and the sheave 16 was connected to a winch (not shown) through a rope 11. A third steel rope 18 extended between the sheave 16 and a point 12 where the first, second and third ropes 6, lS and 18 were fixedly connected together.
The steel rope 11 was pulled in a direction indicated by an arrow (FIG. 5) to make the model ground wire 5 taut through the sheave 16, the third rope 18 and the first rope 6. Then, the opposite ends of the third rope 15 were pulled alternately so that the model ground wire 5 was correspondingly moved around the sheave 8 in opposite directions, thereby imparting a predetermined tension to the model ground wire 5. Then, it was observed whether the protective tube was crushed or deformed by the sheave 8.
A tension of 300 kgf at the installation of a ground wire corresponds to 100 kgf/3 cm, and 1000 kgf corresponds to 330 kgf/3cm as indicated by arrows on the horizontal axes of the graphs in FIGS. 4A and ~B.
Therefore, in the case of the wire tension of 300 kg, the protective tube of hard aluminum is not subjected to crushing if the ratio (t/R) is more than 0.23. And, in the ``` ~L2~Çi362 case of the wire tension of 1,000 kg, the ratio (t/R) of more than 0.53 is sufficient to prevent the protective tube from crushing.
Also, in the case of the wire tension of 300 kg, the protective tube of an aluminum-magnesium alloy is not subjected to crushing if the ratio (t/R) is more than 0.09.
And, in the case of the wire tension of 1,000 kg, the ratio (t/R) of more than 0.42 is sufficient to prevent the protective tube from crushing.
As described above, the ~atio of the thickness t to the radius R (t/~) is suitably determined in accordance with the critical compressive force of the protective tube 2 made of either hard aluminum or an aluminum-magnesium based alloy, so that the protective tube 2 is not subjected to crushing even if the round wires 3 are used in the ground wire. By virtue of the use of the cross-sectionally circular wires 3, the overall manufacturing cost of the ground wire with the optical fiber cable can be reduced, since the helical winding of the wire 5 around the protective tube 2 can be carried out at a high speed.
While the ground wire with the optical fiber cable has been specifically shown and described herein, the invention itself is not to be restricted by the exact showing of the drawings or the description thereof. For example, the wires
3 may not be accurately of a circular or round cross-section and may be slightly deformed.
Claims (4)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A ground wire with an optical fiber cable for use in an overhead transmission line comprising:
(a) a protective tube of a circular cross-section accommodating the optical fiber cable therein, said protective tube being made of hard aluminum and being defined by a pheripheral wall of a uniform thickness t, and said protective tube having a radius R extending between a center thereof and a point disposed centrally of the thickness t of said peripheral wall; and (b) a layer of wires helically wound around said protective tube;
(c) the ratio of the thickness t to the radius R satisfying the following formula:
t/R = (log10 3Y - 1.61) / 1.7 wherein Y is a critical compressive force (kgf/cm) exerted on a unit length of said protective tube.
(a) a protective tube of a circular cross-section accommodating the optical fiber cable therein, said protective tube being made of hard aluminum and being defined by a pheripheral wall of a uniform thickness t, and said protective tube having a radius R extending between a center thereof and a point disposed centrally of the thickness t of said peripheral wall; and (b) a layer of wires helically wound around said protective tube;
(c) the ratio of the thickness t to the radius R satisfying the following formula:
t/R = (log10 3Y - 1.61) / 1.7 wherein Y is a critical compressive force (kgf/cm) exerted on a unit length of said protective tube.
2. A ground wire with an optical fiber cable for use in an overhead transmission line comprising:
(a) a protective tube of a circular cross-section accommodating the optical fibre cable therein, said protective tube being made of an aluminum-magnesium based alloy and being defined by a pheripheral wall of a uniform thickness t, and said protective tube having a radius R extending between a center thereof and a point disposed centrally of the thickness t of said peripheral wall; and (b) a layer of wires hilically wound around said protective tube;
(c) the ratio of the thickness t to the radius R satisfying the following formula:
t/R = (log10 3Y - 1.85)/ 1-6 wherein Y is a critical compressive force (kgf/cm) exerted on a unit length of said protective tube.
(a) a protective tube of a circular cross-section accommodating the optical fibre cable therein, said protective tube being made of an aluminum-magnesium based alloy and being defined by a pheripheral wall of a uniform thickness t, and said protective tube having a radius R extending between a center thereof and a point disposed centrally of the thickness t of said peripheral wall; and (b) a layer of wires hilically wound around said protective tube;
(c) the ratio of the thickness t to the radius R satisfying the following formula:
t/R = (log10 3Y - 1.85)/ 1-6 wherein Y is a critical compressive force (kgf/cm) exerted on a unit length of said protective tube.
3. The ground wire of claim 1 wherein t/R is within a range between 0.1 and 0.65.
4. The ground wire of claim 2 wherein t/R is within a range between 0.09 and 0.6.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000455662A CA1246362A (en) | 1984-06-01 | 1984-06-01 | Ground wire with optical fiber cable |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000455662A CA1246362A (en) | 1984-06-01 | 1984-06-01 | Ground wire with optical fiber cable |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1246362A true CA1246362A (en) | 1988-12-13 |
Family
ID=4127998
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000455662A Expired CA1246362A (en) | 1984-06-01 | 1984-06-01 | Ground wire with optical fiber cable |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1246362A (en) |
-
1984
- 1984-06-01 CA CA000455662A patent/CA1246362A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |