CA1245599A - Extrusion of metal - Google Patents
Extrusion of metalInfo
- Publication number
- CA1245599A CA1245599A CA000457124A CA457124A CA1245599A CA 1245599 A CA1245599 A CA 1245599A CA 000457124 A CA000457124 A CA 000457124A CA 457124 A CA457124 A CA 457124A CA 1245599 A CA1245599 A CA 1245599A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- die
- holder
- metal
- sleeve
- die holder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/02—Dies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/005—Continuous extrusion starting from solid state material
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
- Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
EXTRUSION OF METAL
A die unit for extrusion apparatus, especially Conform apparatus, comprises a die and die holder. The die is supported in the holder but is surrounded over at least a substantial part of its length by a sleeve extending from the working face between the die and the die holder and made of a metal soft compared with the die and the die holder. Suitable metals are mild steel and the metal being extruded. Round wire can be formed.
EXTRUSION OF METAL
A die unit for extrusion apparatus, especially Conform apparatus, comprises a die and die holder. The die is supported in the holder but is surrounded over at least a substantial part of its length by a sleeve extending from the working face between the die and the die holder and made of a metal soft compared with the die and the die holder. Suitable metals are mild steel and the metal being extruded. Round wire can be formed.
Description
~5~
EXTRUSION OF METAL
This invention relates to machinery for extrusion of metal of the kind in which a passa~eway is formed bet~een an arcuate first member and a second member in the form of a wheel having a circumferential groove formed in its peripheral surface into which groove the first member projects, the wheel being rotatable to urge material in the passageway towards one end (the exit end) thereof, an abutment member extending across the passageway at the exit end thereof and at least one die orifice through the abutment member or throu~h a part of the arcuate first member adjacent the abutment member.
The abutment member may be large enough to block the end of the passageway completely (as described in the specification of UK Patent 1370894) but especially when the material to be extruded 15 is a relatively hard metal, such as copper, we prefer that the abutment member is of substantially smaller cross-section than the passageway and leaves a substantial gap between the abutment member and the groove surface and that the material being extruded is allowed to adhere to the groove surface, whereby a substantial 20 proportion of the metal (as distinct from the inevitable leakage of flash through a working clearance) extends through the clearance and remains as a lining in the groove to re-enter the passage~ay while the remainder of the metal extrudes through the die orifice(s), as described in our UK Patent No. 2069389B.
EXTRUSION OF METAL
This invention relates to machinery for extrusion of metal of the kind in which a passa~eway is formed bet~een an arcuate first member and a second member in the form of a wheel having a circumferential groove formed in its peripheral surface into which groove the first member projects, the wheel being rotatable to urge material in the passageway towards one end (the exit end) thereof, an abutment member extending across the passageway at the exit end thereof and at least one die orifice through the abutment member or throu~h a part of the arcuate first member adjacent the abutment member.
The abutment member may be large enough to block the end of the passageway completely (as described in the specification of UK Patent 1370894) but especially when the material to be extruded 15 is a relatively hard metal, such as copper, we prefer that the abutment member is of substantially smaller cross-section than the passageway and leaves a substantial gap between the abutment member and the groove surface and that the material being extruded is allowed to adhere to the groove surface, whereby a substantial 20 proportion of the metal (as distinct from the inevitable leakage of flash through a working clearance) extends through the clearance and remains as a lining in the groove to re-enter the passage~ay while the remainder of the metal extrudes through the die orifice(s), as described in our UK Patent No. 2069389B.
2~ Such machinery is commonly known as "Conform" machinery, and will be referred to as such hereinafter.
No doubt because of the extreme assymetry of the die area, we have found that the product of Conform extrusion may differ significantly in shape from the die through which it was produced;
30 for example a round die produces wire of appreciably oval cross-section. It is the object of this invention to eliminate or at least reduce this effect.
~2~5~
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, a Conform machine incorporates a die-unit for extrusion apparatus comprising a die and a die holder in which the die is supported but is surrounded over at least a substantial part of its length by a sleeve extending 5 from the entry end of the die between the die and the die holder and made of a metal soft compared with the die and the die holder.
The invention includes also an extrusion method in which such a Conform machine is used and products of the method, including wire made by a Conform machine (as define!d) that is of circular 10 cross-section to within 0.1%.
The die unit is preferably a separate insert, but if desired the die holder could be directly formed in the shoe, or the abutment of the machine.
Preferably the sleeve extends to the end of the die at its 15 entry end but stops short of the exit end of the die sufficiently to provide positi~e location and pressure-tight engagement.
Preferably the die is held in the die holder by means of a close fitting ring of hard metal or a machined step in the die holder.
The sleeve can be formed merely by leaving a clearance which becomes filled with the metal being extruded, or a preformed ring of that metal can be used; but to avoid a risk of damage to the ; die and/or the die holder when the machine is taken to pieces after use it is lOpreferable to use a sleeve made of another metal (soft 25 compared with the die and the die holder) that will not strongly adhere to the metal to be extruded.
For copper and aluminium and their alloys, and most metals that are commonly extruded, mild steel is a sui~able material;
others include titanium, nickel and pure iron.
The lnvention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:-Figure 1 is a cross-section of part of a Conform machine ~, ,~
(in accordance with our UK Patent 2069389B) suitable for extrusion of copper;
Figures 2 and 3 are mutually perpendicular views of a die unit forming part of the known apparatus shown in Figure 1;
Figures 4 and 5 are mutually perpendicular views of a preferred form of die unit in accordance with the invention~ and Figures 6 and 7 are mutually perpendicular views of another form of die unit in accordance with the invention.
In the machine shown in Figure 1, a wheel 1 (the curvature 10 of which is too s1ight to be visible at this scale) is formed with a rectangular groove 2, that forms three walls of the extrusion passageway 3. The fourth wall is formed by an assembly comprising a shoe 4 (a small portion of ~hich is shown), and an abutment 5 projects into the passageway.
, A radial extrusion die 6 is formed in a die holder 7 (which is preferably a separate component, though it might be integral with either the abutment or the shoe).
The shoe, abutment and die area are of high- strength materials and are held in position by heavy-duty support members 20 (not shown), and cooling means is provided.
Figures 2 and 3 show a die 6 mounted conventionally in a die holder 7 and providing a cylindrical orifice 8 relieved by a counterbore 9 to provide a clearance around the extruded product.
Figures 4 and 5 show a die unit, in accordance with the 25 invention, comprising a die 10, a die holder 11 and a sleeve 12 of mild s~eel (which is soft compared wi~h the die and die holder and does not strongly adhere to copper) surrounding the die over its whole length.
The alternative die unit of Figures 6 and 7 differs in 30 that the sleeve 12 is replaced by a hard metal ring 13 (which positions the die) and a clearance 14 in which a copper sleeve will be formed as extrusion commences. This die unit is effective, 9~
but is less satisfactory than the die unit of Figures 4 and 5 as there is a risk of damage wnen the copper discard is pulled from the die unit when the machine is taken to pieces after use.
We believe that during extrusion a hydrostatic stress, 5 governed by the pressure of metal at the die face, exists in the steel or copper (as the case may be) surrounding the die.
In a particular group of examples, the die holder had overall dimensions 20 x 15 x 15 mm and the dies used had a length of 4 mm (of which the parallel part of the bore was 3 mm) and a 10 diameter of 7 mmO
The first three dies were conventionally mounted, as Figures 2 and 3. The first had a bore whose maximum and minimum diameters were 2.500 and 2.496 mm and produced wire of consistently oval cross-section with maximum and minimum diameters of 2.481 and 15 2.460 mm respectively (2~47 + 0.6%); the second had a bore whose maximum and minimum diameters were 2,502 and 2.497 mm and produced wire of consistently oval cross-section with maximum and minimum diameters of 2.488 and 2.455 mm respectively (2.47 + 0.8%); the third had a bore whose maximum and minimum diameters were 2.550 and 20 2.547 mm and produced wire of consistently oval cross-section with maximum and minim~m diameters of 2.517 and 2.482 mm respectively (2.50 + 0.8%).
The fourth and fifth dies were mounted as shown in Figures 4 and 5 using a mild steel sleeve 0.5 mm thick. The 25 fourth had an almost perfectly round bore with a diameter of 2.280 mm and produced wire that was substantially round with a diameter of 2.2245 + 0.0021 mm S(better than + 0.1%). The fifth had a bore with maximum and minimum diameters of 3.120 and 3.118 mm and produced wire that was substantially round with a diameter of 3.0580 + 0~0028 30 mm (again better than + 0.1~).
T'ne sixth die was mounted as shown in Figures 6 and 7 using a preformed copper sleeve 0.5 mm thick and 2~5 mm long, the 559~
hard steel sleeve 13 correspondingly being 1.5 mm long. The sixth die had maximum and minimum diameters of 2.500 and 2.496 mm (substantially identical with the first die) and produced copper wire that was substantially round with diameters in the range 2.480 to 2~476 mm (2.478 + 0.1%).
-
No doubt because of the extreme assymetry of the die area, we have found that the product of Conform extrusion may differ significantly in shape from the die through which it was produced;
30 for example a round die produces wire of appreciably oval cross-section. It is the object of this invention to eliminate or at least reduce this effect.
~2~5~
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, a Conform machine incorporates a die-unit for extrusion apparatus comprising a die and a die holder in which the die is supported but is surrounded over at least a substantial part of its length by a sleeve extending 5 from the entry end of the die between the die and the die holder and made of a metal soft compared with the die and the die holder.
The invention includes also an extrusion method in which such a Conform machine is used and products of the method, including wire made by a Conform machine (as define!d) that is of circular 10 cross-section to within 0.1%.
The die unit is preferably a separate insert, but if desired the die holder could be directly formed in the shoe, or the abutment of the machine.
Preferably the sleeve extends to the end of the die at its 15 entry end but stops short of the exit end of the die sufficiently to provide positi~e location and pressure-tight engagement.
Preferably the die is held in the die holder by means of a close fitting ring of hard metal or a machined step in the die holder.
The sleeve can be formed merely by leaving a clearance which becomes filled with the metal being extruded, or a preformed ring of that metal can be used; but to avoid a risk of damage to the ; die and/or the die holder when the machine is taken to pieces after use it is lOpreferable to use a sleeve made of another metal (soft 25 compared with the die and the die holder) that will not strongly adhere to the metal to be extruded.
For copper and aluminium and their alloys, and most metals that are commonly extruded, mild steel is a sui~able material;
others include titanium, nickel and pure iron.
The lnvention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:-Figure 1 is a cross-section of part of a Conform machine ~, ,~
(in accordance with our UK Patent 2069389B) suitable for extrusion of copper;
Figures 2 and 3 are mutually perpendicular views of a die unit forming part of the known apparatus shown in Figure 1;
Figures 4 and 5 are mutually perpendicular views of a preferred form of die unit in accordance with the invention~ and Figures 6 and 7 are mutually perpendicular views of another form of die unit in accordance with the invention.
In the machine shown in Figure 1, a wheel 1 (the curvature 10 of which is too s1ight to be visible at this scale) is formed with a rectangular groove 2, that forms three walls of the extrusion passageway 3. The fourth wall is formed by an assembly comprising a shoe 4 (a small portion of ~hich is shown), and an abutment 5 projects into the passageway.
, A radial extrusion die 6 is formed in a die holder 7 (which is preferably a separate component, though it might be integral with either the abutment or the shoe).
The shoe, abutment and die area are of high- strength materials and are held in position by heavy-duty support members 20 (not shown), and cooling means is provided.
Figures 2 and 3 show a die 6 mounted conventionally in a die holder 7 and providing a cylindrical orifice 8 relieved by a counterbore 9 to provide a clearance around the extruded product.
Figures 4 and 5 show a die unit, in accordance with the 25 invention, comprising a die 10, a die holder 11 and a sleeve 12 of mild s~eel (which is soft compared wi~h the die and die holder and does not strongly adhere to copper) surrounding the die over its whole length.
The alternative die unit of Figures 6 and 7 differs in 30 that the sleeve 12 is replaced by a hard metal ring 13 (which positions the die) and a clearance 14 in which a copper sleeve will be formed as extrusion commences. This die unit is effective, 9~
but is less satisfactory than the die unit of Figures 4 and 5 as there is a risk of damage wnen the copper discard is pulled from the die unit when the machine is taken to pieces after use.
We believe that during extrusion a hydrostatic stress, 5 governed by the pressure of metal at the die face, exists in the steel or copper (as the case may be) surrounding the die.
In a particular group of examples, the die holder had overall dimensions 20 x 15 x 15 mm and the dies used had a length of 4 mm (of which the parallel part of the bore was 3 mm) and a 10 diameter of 7 mmO
The first three dies were conventionally mounted, as Figures 2 and 3. The first had a bore whose maximum and minimum diameters were 2.500 and 2.496 mm and produced wire of consistently oval cross-section with maximum and minimum diameters of 2.481 and 15 2.460 mm respectively (2~47 + 0.6%); the second had a bore whose maximum and minimum diameters were 2,502 and 2.497 mm and produced wire of consistently oval cross-section with maximum and minimum diameters of 2.488 and 2.455 mm respectively (2.47 + 0.8%); the third had a bore whose maximum and minimum diameters were 2.550 and 20 2.547 mm and produced wire of consistently oval cross-section with maximum and minim~m diameters of 2.517 and 2.482 mm respectively (2.50 + 0.8%).
The fourth and fifth dies were mounted as shown in Figures 4 and 5 using a mild steel sleeve 0.5 mm thick. The 25 fourth had an almost perfectly round bore with a diameter of 2.280 mm and produced wire that was substantially round with a diameter of 2.2245 + 0.0021 mm S(better than + 0.1%). The fifth had a bore with maximum and minimum diameters of 3.120 and 3.118 mm and produced wire that was substantially round with a diameter of 3.0580 + 0~0028 30 mm (again better than + 0.1~).
T'ne sixth die was mounted as shown in Figures 6 and 7 using a preformed copper sleeve 0.5 mm thick and 2~5 mm long, the 559~
hard steel sleeve 13 correspondingly being 1.5 mm long. The sixth die had maximum and minimum diameters of 2.500 and 2.496 mm (substantially identical with the first die) and produced copper wire that was substantially round with diameters in the range 2.480 to 2~476 mm (2.478 + 0.1%).
-
Claims (6)
1. A Conform machine incorporating die unit comprising a die and a die holder in which the die is supported but is surrounded over at least a substantial part of its length by a sleeve extending from the entry end of the die between the die and the die holder and made of a metal soft compared with the die and the die holder.
2. A Conform machine incorporating unit comprising a die and a die holder in which the die is supported but is surrounded over at least a substantial part of its length by a sleeve extending from the entry end of the die between the die and the die holder and made of a metal soft compared with the die and the die holder that is different from and will not strongly adhere to the metal to be extruded.
3. A Conform machine as claimed in Claim 2 in which the sleeve is of mild steel.
4. A Conform machine as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2 or Claim 3, wherein the sleeve extends to the end of the die at its entry end.
5. A Conform machine as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the sleeve is made of the material that is to be extruded.
6. A Conform machine as claimed in Claim 5, wherein the sleeve stops short of the exit end of the die sufficiently to provide positive location and pressure-tight engagement between the die and the die holder.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB838318485A GB8318485D0 (en) | 1983-07-08 | 1983-07-08 | Extrusion of metal |
| GB8318485 | 1983-07-08 | ||
| GB8401047 | 1984-01-16 | ||
| GB848401047A GB8401047D0 (en) | 1984-01-16 | 1984-01-16 | Extrusion of metal |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1245599A true CA1245599A (en) | 1988-11-29 |
Family
ID=26286567
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000457124A Expired CA1245599A (en) | 1983-07-08 | 1984-06-21 | Extrusion of metal |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0131426A3 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU567949B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1245599A (en) |
| DK (1) | DK334084A (en) |
| FI (1) | FI842730A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2143455B (en) |
| HK (1) | HK48287A (en) |
| IE (1) | IE55423B1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO842773L (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ208808A (en) |
| SG (1) | SG21287G (en) |
| ZW (1) | ZW9284A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8602985D0 (en) * | 1986-02-06 | 1986-03-12 | Alform Alloys Ltd | Extrusion apparatus |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1370894A (en) * | 1971-03-12 | 1974-10-16 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Extrusion |
| AU452096B2 (en) * | 1971-03-12 | 1974-08-29 | United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority | Improvements in or relating to extrusion |
| DE2506701A1 (en) * | 1975-02-18 | 1976-08-19 | Eberhard Dipl Ing Wolff | Metal-shaping female die - having outer reinforcements with high E-modulus and low pref. negative thermal expansion coefficient |
| US4145910A (en) * | 1977-06-20 | 1979-03-27 | Carmet Company | Die and method of making the same |
| DE3001671A1 (en) * | 1980-01-18 | 1981-07-23 | Karl Sieber GmbH & Co KG Fabrik für Umformwerkzeuge, 2000 Norderstedt | DIE FOR SOLID FORMING IN THE COLD OR SEMI-WARM PROCESS |
| IN155321B (en) * | 1980-02-19 | 1985-01-19 | British Insulated Callenders |
-
1984
- 1984-06-20 ZW ZW92/84A patent/ZW9284A1/en unknown
- 1984-06-21 CA CA000457124A patent/CA1245599A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-06-27 AU AU29947/84A patent/AU567949B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1984-07-04 GB GB08417086A patent/GB2143455B/en not_active Expired
- 1984-07-04 EP EP84304558A patent/EP0131426A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1984-07-06 FI FI842730A patent/FI842730A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1984-07-06 DK DK334084A patent/DK334084A/en unknown
- 1984-07-06 NO NO842773A patent/NO842773L/en unknown
- 1984-07-06 NZ NZ208808A patent/NZ208808A/en unknown
- 1984-07-06 IE IE1722/84A patent/IE55423B1/en unknown
-
1987
- 1987-03-02 SG SG212/87A patent/SG21287G/en unknown
- 1987-06-25 HK HK482/87A patent/HK48287A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI842730A (en) | 1985-01-09 |
| EP0131426A2 (en) | 1985-01-16 |
| NZ208808A (en) | 1987-01-23 |
| NO842773L (en) | 1985-01-09 |
| EP0131426A3 (en) | 1985-07-31 |
| SG21287G (en) | 1987-07-10 |
| GB8417086D0 (en) | 1984-08-08 |
| AU567949B2 (en) | 1987-12-10 |
| AU2994784A (en) | 1985-01-10 |
| IE841722L (en) | 1985-01-08 |
| DK334084D0 (en) | 1984-07-06 |
| GB2143455B (en) | 1986-12-31 |
| GB2143455A (en) | 1985-02-13 |
| FI842730A0 (en) | 1984-07-06 |
| HK48287A (en) | 1987-07-03 |
| ZW9284A1 (en) | 1984-09-05 |
| DK334084A (en) | 1985-01-09 |
| IE55423B1 (en) | 1990-09-12 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |