CA1245531A - Nicotine enhanced smoking device - Google Patents
Nicotine enhanced smoking deviceInfo
- Publication number
- CA1245531A CA1245531A CA000504311A CA504311A CA1245531A CA 1245531 A CA1245531 A CA 1245531A CA 000504311 A CA000504311 A CA 000504311A CA 504311 A CA504311 A CA 504311A CA 1245531 A CA1245531 A CA 1245531A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- nicotine
- housing
- unit
- cigarette
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
- A24F13/00—Appliances for smoking cigars or cigarettes
- A24F13/02—Cigar or cigarette holders
- A24F13/04—Cigar or cigarette holders with arrangements for cleaning or cooling the smoke
- A24F13/06—Cigar or cigarette holders with arrangements for cleaning or cooling the smoke with smoke filters
Landscapes
- Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
NICOTINE ENHANCED SMOKING DEVICE
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A nicotine-dispensing device comprising a housing and a gas-permeable nicotine-dispensing unit. The housing is resistant to nicotine absorption and absorption and has a mouthpiece end with an opening and a cigarette-receiving end with an opening. The housing defines a passageway between the openings. The gas-permeable nicotine-dispens-ing unit comprises nicotine and a fibrous or porous ad-sorptive for nicotine and resistant to nicotine absorp-tion. This nicotine-dispensing unit is interposed in the passageway of the housing so that gases passing through the passageway become enriched in vaporous nicotine. The device is preferably formed as a single-pieced or two-pieced cigarette holder and may contain the nicotine-dispensing unit as a cartridge.
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A nicotine-dispensing device comprising a housing and a gas-permeable nicotine-dispensing unit. The housing is resistant to nicotine absorption and absorption and has a mouthpiece end with an opening and a cigarette-receiving end with an opening. The housing defines a passageway between the openings. The gas-permeable nicotine-dispens-ing unit comprises nicotine and a fibrous or porous ad-sorptive for nicotine and resistant to nicotine absorp-tion. This nicotine-dispensing unit is interposed in the passageway of the housing so that gases passing through the passageway become enriched in vaporous nicotine. The device is preferably formed as a single-pieced or two-pieced cigarette holder and may contain the nicotine-dispensing unit as a cartridge.
Description
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RAYD:009 NICOTINE ENHANCED SI~OKING DEVICE
The present invention relates to a nicotine-enrich-ment device for enhancing nicotine output of tobacco con-taining ite~s being conventionally used.
Tobacco has been used for hundreds of years by many cultures throuqhout the world. Presently, the most popular method is smoking in the for~ of a ci~arette.
However, smoking ci~arettes is associated with inherent health hazards. Cigarettes low in both tar and nicotine are the result of recent efforts to provide a safer cigarette.
~ edical research has established that nicotine is the active inqredient in tobacco. Small doses of nicotine provide the user with certain pleasurable effects result-ing in the desire for additional doses. However, recentmedical research published by Russell et al, "Nasal Nico-tine Solution, A Potential Aid To Giving Up Smoking?", British ~1edical Journal, Volume 286 p. 683 (February 26, 1983), indicates that the nicotine itself is not a car-cinoqen. There is also evidence that nicotine is notresponsible for the high rate of Premature death among cigarette smokers, for example, see Wald, N. J. et al., Serum Nicotine Levels in Pipe Smokers; Evidence A~ainst ,,- ~, , ~553~
Nicotine As Cause of Coronary Heart Disease, The Lancet, October 10, 1981, p. 1977. However, one who uses tobacco in the form of conventional ciqarettes for the pleasurable effects of nicotine must also risk the dangers of coronary heart disease and cancer. These damages may arise from other components of the smoke which may not contribute to the pleasurable effects that nicotine may produce. As Russell stated in the British Medical Journal (pp. 1~30-1433, 1431 (12th June, 1976)), "People smoke for nicotine but they die from the tar."
Medical research also indicates that there is no correlation between the blood nicotine levels of smokers and the nicotine yields of their cigarettes. Thus, many smokers who switch to low nicotine brands for health reasons usually end up smokinq more ciqarettes to maintain the same blood nicotine levels. Russell, Nicotine Intake and its Requlation, Journal of Psychosomatic Research, Volume 24, p. 253 (December 1979~. Russell also points out that smokers who cannot stop smokinq because they are dependent on nicotine are not likely to be able to reduce their nicotine intake by switching to ciqarettes which deliver hardly any nicotine. A need therefore exists for a cigarette with a hi~her nicotine to tar ratio. Such a ci~arette would satisfy the desire for nicotine in an individual unahle to quit smoking, while reducing poten-tial health risks associated with the inhalation of tar or other smoke components which are not pleasure-enhancing.
Previous attempts to increase the nicotine delivered by a ciqarette do not provide for an efficient release of nicotine from the ciqarette. For example, ~.S. Patent 3,280,823 to Bavley et al. discloses the incorporation of a nicotine-cation exchanqe resin in a ciqarette filter.
Example 1 in column 9, reveals that the addition of 6.6 milligrams of nicotine (33~ times mg. of resin) results in S53~
the release of 0.15 milligrams nicotine, or 2.2% of the nicotine added. Similarly, in Example 2, the nicotine release efficiency is 2.1%. Incorporation of the nicotine-cation e~change resin into the tobacco instead of the filter as in U.S. Patent 3,109,436, to Bavley, et al., imPrOveS the nicotine release efficiency (2.9~ in Example 5 to 9.0~ in Example 7), but results in the introduction of ion exchange resin combustion products into the smoke.
U.S. Patent 3,584,630 to Inskeep discloses the addi-tion of carbon black having nicotine adsorbed on its sur-face to ciqarettes. Incorporating the carbon black-ad-sorbed nicotine into the filter portion of the ciqarette results in a nicotine release efficiency ranging from 1.7 in Example 3 to 5.6% in Example 2. Adding the carbon black-adsorbed nicotine to the tobacco portion of the cigarette results in an efficiency of 12.4%, but aqain, carbon black and nicotine combustion products are intro-duced into the smoke. These patents also disclose that it is not feasible to add nicotine per se to tobacco products because of the volatility and chemical instability of nicotlne .
The use of ciqarette holders to contain filters for entrapment of tar and nicotine is well known. Addition-ally U.S. Patent No. 4,227,540, issued to Edison, describes a cigarette holder comprising a cartridge con-taining menthol crystals for the menthol fortification of ciqarette smoke inhaled therethrou~h. These menthol crystals are also therein speculated as removing at least some tar and nicotine from tobacco smoke.
A nicotine-dispensing device comprising a housing and a gas-permeable nicotine-dispensing unit. The housing is resistant to n;cotine absorption and has a mouthpiece end with an opening and a cigarette-receiving end with an 553~
-4 ~
opening. The housing defines a passageway between the openings. The nicotine-dispensing unit comprises nicotine and a gas-permeable substance adsorptive for nicotine and resistant to nicotine absorption.
The nicotine dispensing device may be disposable with an affixed nicotine dispensing unit. This device may also be semi-permanent or reusable with :replaceable nicotine dispensing unit cartridges.
This nicotine-dispensing unit is interposed in the passageway of the housing so that gases passing through the passageway become enriched in vaporous nicotine.
In a further embodiment, the invention contemplates a nicotine-enhanced smoking device which comprises a first portion comprising combustible material and a housing with the material contained in the housing, and a second portion attached to the first portion which is characterized by containing filter fibers and a nicotine solution, with the configuration of the first and second portions permitting interaction of combustion products of the first portion with the nicotine solution.
The nicotine solution of the smoking device can comprise 5-15~ by weight of total solution, of nicotine or a nicotine salt in a solvent.
Additionally, the invention includes a method for enhancing the nicotine content of inhaled cigarette smoke which includes emplacing in the path of smoke to be inhaled a nicotine-dispensing unit comprising a gas-permeable substance adsorptive for nicotine and resistant to nicotine absorption, and nicotine with the unit being interposed in a passageway defined by a housing with a mouthpiece end and a cigarette-~ receiving end.
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-4a-Figure 1 shows a side elevational view of an embodi-ment of the present invention.
Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view of an embodi-ment of the present invention taken along the sectional S lines 2-2 of Figure 1.
Figure 3 shows a sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention taken along -the sectional lines 3-3 of Figure 1.
Figure 4 shows a sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention taken along the sectional lines 4-4 of Figure 1.
Figure 5 shows an exploded perspective view of a two-pieced housing embodiment and cartridge of an embodi-ment of the present invention.
Figure 6 shows a cross-sectional assembly view of the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 5.
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Fiqure 7 shows a cross-sectional view of an embodi-ment of the present invention taken alonq the section lines 7-7 in Fiqure 6.
Figure 8 shows a cross-sectional view of an embodi-ment of the present invention taken along the section lines 8-8 in Figure 6.
The nicotine-dispensing device of the present inven-tion may take the form and appearance of a conventional cigarette holder with a housing having a cigarette receiv-ing end with a first opening and a mouthpiece end, with a second openinq. The housinq is shaped to contain a nico-tine dispensing unit and may also contain a tar filter which may be the same as, or an addition to the nicotine dispensinq unit. The unit and, if desired, the tar filter, may be contained in a removable cartridge.
The housinq may be a sinqle piece with an affixed nicotine dispensinq unit and be constructed, for example, to be disposed of after usaqe with a single pack of cigarettes or when it is substantially exhausted of vapor-izable nicotine.
Alternatively, the housing may comprise two rever-sibly attachable sections, a first section having a mouth-piece end and a second section having a ciqarette-receiv-ing end. This two-section housing is adapted to rever-sibly receive a cartridqe-like nicotine dispensin~ unit.
The nicotine dlspensing unit may also have tar ~iltration capabilities in the form of a tar filter, most preferably comprisinq cellulose acetate fibers. With a two-piece housing, the cartridge-like nicotine dispensing unit may be chanqed after usaqe, for example, with one pack of ciqarettes.
:124~S3~
In certain embodiments it may be desired to have cartridge-like nicotine dispensing units with both ends sealed to retain nicotine prior to usaae. In this case the first housing piece and the second housing piece would have internal puncturinq means situated to puncture both ends of the cartridge-like nicotine dispensing unit when said unit is inserted in the housing and the housinq pieces are assembled. Durin~ usage of this embodiment, ci~arette smoke may pass through the punctured cartridqe ends and be inhaled enriched in nicotine.
A broad aspect of the present invention concerns a porous nicotine dispensinq unit which enriches ci~arette smoke with nicotine. This unit is preferably part of a ciqarette holder of conventional shape and desi~n.
Materials ~referably utilized for the housing as well as the cartridqe for a nicotine dispensing device of the present invention preferably should absorb little or no nicotine and be chemically non-reactive with nicotine under ambient conditions. Substances such as polybutylene terephthalate, polyvinylfluoride, reinforced plastic such as Fiberglass, polyesters, tetrafluoroethylene fluoro-carbon polymers such as Teflon, nylon or mixtures thereof, for example are suitable synthetics for production of the housinq or cartridqe of the present invention.
The nicotine-dispensinq units of the present inven-tion most preferably neither chemically react with, stronqly bond nor absorb nicotine. These units should physically have lar~e surface areas and be permeable by qases because of a fibrous or porous structure. The materials of which these units are preferably made are substances which adsorb rather than absorb nicotine. The various synthetics mentioned above as preferably used for construction of the housin~ are also usable for the nico-*trade marks 553~L
tine dispensin~ units if their physical form is one of a hiqh surface to volume ratio and in permeable to gases.
Additionally, numerous polyesters having he a~ove charac-teristicsare available.
In Figure 1, and Fiqure 2, generally designated by the numeral 10, is a nicotine dispensing device of the present invention in the form of a one piece cigarette holder. The device 10 comprises a housing 12 having a ciqarette receiving end 14 and a mouthpiece end 16. A
cigarette 18 is positioned for insertion into the cylin-drical port 20 opening at the cigarette receiving end 14.
As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 the device 10 com-prises a nicotine dispensing unit 22 contained within thehousing 12. The nicotine dispensing unit 22 in this em-bodiment is schematically shown as a fibrous or porous gas-permeable barrier in the passageway 2~ defined by the ar~ows 26, 28 and enclosed by the inner housing walls 30.
The passa~eway 24 has an openinq 25 in the mouthpiece end 16 and an opening 27 in the cigarette receiving end 14 corresponding to the port 20. The passa~eway 24 may also contain conventional cigarette smoke filtering material (not shown) between the nicotine dispensing unit 22 and the port 20.
The nicotine dispensing unit 22, as schematically designated in Figure 2 and Figure 3, completely occludes the passageway 24 so that all smoke from a cigarette 18 inserted in the device 10 and inhaled through the device 10 permeates the nicotine dispensing unit 22. It-is also possible, as schematically shown in Figure 4, to utilize a nicotine dispensing unit 22a contained within a conven-tional tar or cigarette smoke filter unit 32, so that only a proportion of smoke inhaled through a device 10 passes throu~h the nicotine dispensing unit 22a, the rest of the ~4553~L
smoke passing through the conventional tar or cigarette smoke filter unit 32. In this manner, the usable nicotine productive life of the nicotine dispensing unit may be extended. Such a parallel alignment of nicotine dispens-ing unit 22a and tar filter 32 may be replaced, forexa~ple by a tar filter (not shown) between a nicotine dispensing unit 22 and the cigarette receiving end 24, this being in series.
Another embodiment of the nicotine-dispensing device of the present invention is shown in Figure S and gener-ally designated by the numeral 40. The housinq 42 of the device 40 has a first section 44 with a mouthpiece end 46 and an externally threaded end 48. The second section 50 of the housing 42 has a cigarette receiving end 52 and an internally threaded end 54~ The threaded ends 48 and 54 are adapted to be threaded together~ as shown cross-sectionally in Figure 6. A cigarette 56 is also shown in an inserted position. While a threaded attachment is visualized as a preferred method o~ attachment ~or the sections 44 and 50 many means of such reversible attach-ment are well known and considered within the scope of the present invention.
The device 40 has a nicotine dispensing unit 58 en-cased in a cartridqe 60. This nicotine-dispensing unit 58 is removably insertable into the disassembled device 40 as shown in Fiqure 5. In this embodiment the cartridge 60 has openinqs 62 at both ends 64 and 66. The nicotine dispensing unit 58 may be contained in a sealed cartridge (not shown) without end openings. When such a sealed cartrid~e is utilized, the housing sections 44 and 50 may be ~odified to contain puncturing means such as sharp conical metal edges (not shown) positioned to pierce the sealed ends 64 and 66 of the modified cartridge upon threaded engagement of the two housing sections 44 and 50.
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g When the cartridge 60 is mounted in the housing 42, the outer surface of wall 68 of the cartridge 60 is closely engaqed by the inner surface of cylindrical wall 70 of the housina 42 so that smoke from an inserted ciqarette passing throuqh the device 40 will essentially all pass through the nicotine dispensinq unit 58. As discussed in relation to the earlier embodiment o~ the nicotine-dispensing device 10, the nicotine disbursement unit 58 may be arranged in series or parallel with a conventional cigarette tar-removing filter.
EXAMP~E 1 MODIFIED CO VENTIONAL CIGARETTE HOLDER
A Tar-Guard~ cartridge-type cigarette holder plus several cartridges (Venturi, Inc., 2345 Walker Ave., Grand Rapids, Mich.) were obtained. Each cartridge had the holes in each end enlarged. The baffles of the cartridge were removed and replaced by about 50 mg of polyester fibers. An amount of free (at least 9~% pure as sold by East~an Kodak and further purified by vacuum distillation) nicotine between about 1 and 2 mg was loaded in and adsorbed by the fibers in each of three cartridqes. Each cartridge in turn was retested in a ciqarette holder.
Ultra-mild, (i.e., heavily filtered) cigarettes, relatively tasteless to the inveterate smoker, were inserted into this modified Tar-Guard~ cigarette holder.
Upon lighting the cigarette and inhaling throuqh the nicotine-containing cartridge, several participating smokers acknowledged sensations of inhaling smoke from a li~htly filtered or unfiltered cigarette. The amount of nicotine in the polyester fiber was found to be related to the sensed strength of the inhaled smoke.
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As a nicotine-containing cartridge was used, an apparent deposit of tars began to appear on fibers nearest the cigarette. Thus, carcino~enic tars from the "ultra mild" cigarette smoke were further removed while nicotine was enhanced.
The nicotine-enhanced smokinq device of the present invention may take the form and appearance of any conventional smokinq device such as a cigarette. The davice includes a first portion that is combustible to produce smoke that may be inhaled by the user. The first portion may include any nicotine or non-nicotine bearing material, including tobacco, cocoa or the like which produces a relatively pleasant, inhalable smoke. The first portion also includes a shell that contains the combustible material. The shell is subject to considerable variety, dependent solely on the user's personal tastes and preferences. The shell may be paper such as that used in forming ciqarettes In addition, the shell may be dried tohacco leaves~such as used with cigars.
The second portion, typically a cigarette filter, is connected to the first portion so as to be in the line of passaqe of the smoke produced in the first portion in route to a user's lungs. The second portion may be permanently affixed to or removably secured to the first portion. For example, the second portion may have t'ne appearance of a paper wrapped ciqarette and may be bound within the same paper that covers the first portion. Also the second portion may have the tobacco wrapped confiquration of a cigar and may be bound within the same tobacco wrappex as the first portion.
The first and second portions may be a conventional filter-tipped ciqarette having the nicotine solution con-~2~553~l tained in the filter. Preferably, the conventional ciqa-rette is a low tar cigarette.
The nicotine solution of this invention may be incor-porated into the filter by injection after the cigaretteis manufactured. Alternatively, the nicotine solution may be coated on the fibers comprisin~ the filter before they are made into filters which are used in cigarette manufac-ture.
The nicotine in the nicotine solution of this inven-tion is selected from the qroup consisting of nicotine (d), nicotine (1), nicotine (dl) and nicotine salts.
Nicotine is colorless or yellow in color and is character-ized by being oily and very hy~roscopic. Nicotine turnsto the familiar brown color on exposure to liqht or air.
Nicotine is obtained by extraction from dried tobacco leaves where it occurs to the extent o~ 2% to 8%, combined with citric, maleic and other acids. The commercial nico-tine which is available in the marketplace is entirely a byproduct of the tobacco industry. Extraction and purifi-cation procedures are generally well-known in this indus-try.
In one embodiment of the present invention, nicotine may be complexed with another substance to form a nicotine moiety which is resistant to evaporation and degradation.
Materials found to be useful in forming the nicotine moiety include alcohols, esters, hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones and ethers. The preferred complexing materials are polysiloxanes, such as polyphenylmethylsiloxane.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the nicotine solution comprises nicotine salts in a solvent.
The solvent may be organic, but is preferably aqueous.
~l2~5331 The nicotine salts are easily obtained by reacting an acid with nicotine. The acid may be organic or inor~anic.
Inorganic acids are preferred because they result in less tar being delivered to the smoker.
The nicotine solution of this invention may contain 5% to 15~ nicotine, by weight of the total solution. The preferred amount is 10%.
Example 1 A nicotine solution was prepared by mixing nicotine, obtained from Eastman Chemical, Stock No. 1242, with Poly-synlane obtained from Dow Chemical, Stock No. 556, in a 1 to 10 volume ratio of nicotine/Polysynlane. Ten milli-grams of the nicotine solution was injected intermediately into the filter of a Kent brand 8S millimeter low tar ci~arette. Vsing standard FTC determinations of tar and nicotine the nicotine-enhanced ciqarette delivered an avera~e of 0.48 milliqrams nicotine per cigarette and 3.34 milligrams tar per cigarette, compared to the FTC standard of 0.3 milli~rams nicotine ~er cigarette and 2.0 milli-qrams tar per cigarette. Thus, the nicotine release effi-ciency was 12.4~. When smoked, the cigarette had the effect of a strong ciqarette such as Marlboro brand or Camel hrand.
* * * * *
Further modifications of the presen-t invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art who have had the benefit of this disclosure. Such modifications however lie within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.
RAYD:009 NICOTINE ENHANCED SI~OKING DEVICE
The present invention relates to a nicotine-enrich-ment device for enhancing nicotine output of tobacco con-taining ite~s being conventionally used.
Tobacco has been used for hundreds of years by many cultures throuqhout the world. Presently, the most popular method is smoking in the for~ of a ci~arette.
However, smoking ci~arettes is associated with inherent health hazards. Cigarettes low in both tar and nicotine are the result of recent efforts to provide a safer cigarette.
~ edical research has established that nicotine is the active inqredient in tobacco. Small doses of nicotine provide the user with certain pleasurable effects result-ing in the desire for additional doses. However, recentmedical research published by Russell et al, "Nasal Nico-tine Solution, A Potential Aid To Giving Up Smoking?", British ~1edical Journal, Volume 286 p. 683 (February 26, 1983), indicates that the nicotine itself is not a car-cinoqen. There is also evidence that nicotine is notresponsible for the high rate of Premature death among cigarette smokers, for example, see Wald, N. J. et al., Serum Nicotine Levels in Pipe Smokers; Evidence A~ainst ,,- ~, , ~553~
Nicotine As Cause of Coronary Heart Disease, The Lancet, October 10, 1981, p. 1977. However, one who uses tobacco in the form of conventional ciqarettes for the pleasurable effects of nicotine must also risk the dangers of coronary heart disease and cancer. These damages may arise from other components of the smoke which may not contribute to the pleasurable effects that nicotine may produce. As Russell stated in the British Medical Journal (pp. 1~30-1433, 1431 (12th June, 1976)), "People smoke for nicotine but they die from the tar."
Medical research also indicates that there is no correlation between the blood nicotine levels of smokers and the nicotine yields of their cigarettes. Thus, many smokers who switch to low nicotine brands for health reasons usually end up smokinq more ciqarettes to maintain the same blood nicotine levels. Russell, Nicotine Intake and its Requlation, Journal of Psychosomatic Research, Volume 24, p. 253 (December 1979~. Russell also points out that smokers who cannot stop smokinq because they are dependent on nicotine are not likely to be able to reduce their nicotine intake by switching to ciqarettes which deliver hardly any nicotine. A need therefore exists for a cigarette with a hi~her nicotine to tar ratio. Such a ci~arette would satisfy the desire for nicotine in an individual unahle to quit smoking, while reducing poten-tial health risks associated with the inhalation of tar or other smoke components which are not pleasure-enhancing.
Previous attempts to increase the nicotine delivered by a ciqarette do not provide for an efficient release of nicotine from the ciqarette. For example, ~.S. Patent 3,280,823 to Bavley et al. discloses the incorporation of a nicotine-cation exchanqe resin in a ciqarette filter.
Example 1 in column 9, reveals that the addition of 6.6 milligrams of nicotine (33~ times mg. of resin) results in S53~
the release of 0.15 milligrams nicotine, or 2.2% of the nicotine added. Similarly, in Example 2, the nicotine release efficiency is 2.1%. Incorporation of the nicotine-cation e~change resin into the tobacco instead of the filter as in U.S. Patent 3,109,436, to Bavley, et al., imPrOveS the nicotine release efficiency (2.9~ in Example 5 to 9.0~ in Example 7), but results in the introduction of ion exchange resin combustion products into the smoke.
U.S. Patent 3,584,630 to Inskeep discloses the addi-tion of carbon black having nicotine adsorbed on its sur-face to ciqarettes. Incorporating the carbon black-ad-sorbed nicotine into the filter portion of the ciqarette results in a nicotine release efficiency ranging from 1.7 in Example 3 to 5.6% in Example 2. Adding the carbon black-adsorbed nicotine to the tobacco portion of the cigarette results in an efficiency of 12.4%, but aqain, carbon black and nicotine combustion products are intro-duced into the smoke. These patents also disclose that it is not feasible to add nicotine per se to tobacco products because of the volatility and chemical instability of nicotlne .
The use of ciqarette holders to contain filters for entrapment of tar and nicotine is well known. Addition-ally U.S. Patent No. 4,227,540, issued to Edison, describes a cigarette holder comprising a cartridge con-taining menthol crystals for the menthol fortification of ciqarette smoke inhaled therethrou~h. These menthol crystals are also therein speculated as removing at least some tar and nicotine from tobacco smoke.
A nicotine-dispensing device comprising a housing and a gas-permeable nicotine-dispensing unit. The housing is resistant to n;cotine absorption and has a mouthpiece end with an opening and a cigarette-receiving end with an 553~
-4 ~
opening. The housing defines a passageway between the openings. The nicotine-dispensing unit comprises nicotine and a gas-permeable substance adsorptive for nicotine and resistant to nicotine absorption.
The nicotine dispensing device may be disposable with an affixed nicotine dispensing unit. This device may also be semi-permanent or reusable with :replaceable nicotine dispensing unit cartridges.
This nicotine-dispensing unit is interposed in the passageway of the housing so that gases passing through the passageway become enriched in vaporous nicotine.
In a further embodiment, the invention contemplates a nicotine-enhanced smoking device which comprises a first portion comprising combustible material and a housing with the material contained in the housing, and a second portion attached to the first portion which is characterized by containing filter fibers and a nicotine solution, with the configuration of the first and second portions permitting interaction of combustion products of the first portion with the nicotine solution.
The nicotine solution of the smoking device can comprise 5-15~ by weight of total solution, of nicotine or a nicotine salt in a solvent.
Additionally, the invention includes a method for enhancing the nicotine content of inhaled cigarette smoke which includes emplacing in the path of smoke to be inhaled a nicotine-dispensing unit comprising a gas-permeable substance adsorptive for nicotine and resistant to nicotine absorption, and nicotine with the unit being interposed in a passageway defined by a housing with a mouthpiece end and a cigarette-~ receiving end.
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-4a-Figure 1 shows a side elevational view of an embodi-ment of the present invention.
Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view of an embodi-ment of the present invention taken along the sectional S lines 2-2 of Figure 1.
Figure 3 shows a sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention taken along -the sectional lines 3-3 of Figure 1.
Figure 4 shows a sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention taken along the sectional lines 4-4 of Figure 1.
Figure 5 shows an exploded perspective view of a two-pieced housing embodiment and cartridge of an embodi-ment of the present invention.
Figure 6 shows a cross-sectional assembly view of the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 5.
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Fiqure 7 shows a cross-sectional view of an embodi-ment of the present invention taken alonq the section lines 7-7 in Fiqure 6.
Figure 8 shows a cross-sectional view of an embodi-ment of the present invention taken along the section lines 8-8 in Figure 6.
The nicotine-dispensing device of the present inven-tion may take the form and appearance of a conventional cigarette holder with a housing having a cigarette receiv-ing end with a first opening and a mouthpiece end, with a second openinq. The housinq is shaped to contain a nico-tine dispensing unit and may also contain a tar filter which may be the same as, or an addition to the nicotine dispensinq unit. The unit and, if desired, the tar filter, may be contained in a removable cartridge.
The housinq may be a sinqle piece with an affixed nicotine dispensinq unit and be constructed, for example, to be disposed of after usaqe with a single pack of cigarettes or when it is substantially exhausted of vapor-izable nicotine.
Alternatively, the housing may comprise two rever-sibly attachable sections, a first section having a mouth-piece end and a second section having a ciqarette-receiv-ing end. This two-section housing is adapted to rever-sibly receive a cartridqe-like nicotine dispensin~ unit.
The nicotine dlspensing unit may also have tar ~iltration capabilities in the form of a tar filter, most preferably comprisinq cellulose acetate fibers. With a two-piece housing, the cartridge-like nicotine dispensing unit may be chanqed after usaqe, for example, with one pack of ciqarettes.
:124~S3~
In certain embodiments it may be desired to have cartridge-like nicotine dispensing units with both ends sealed to retain nicotine prior to usaae. In this case the first housing piece and the second housing piece would have internal puncturinq means situated to puncture both ends of the cartridge-like nicotine dispensing unit when said unit is inserted in the housing and the housinq pieces are assembled. Durin~ usage of this embodiment, ci~arette smoke may pass through the punctured cartridqe ends and be inhaled enriched in nicotine.
A broad aspect of the present invention concerns a porous nicotine dispensinq unit which enriches ci~arette smoke with nicotine. This unit is preferably part of a ciqarette holder of conventional shape and desi~n.
Materials ~referably utilized for the housing as well as the cartridqe for a nicotine dispensing device of the present invention preferably should absorb little or no nicotine and be chemically non-reactive with nicotine under ambient conditions. Substances such as polybutylene terephthalate, polyvinylfluoride, reinforced plastic such as Fiberglass, polyesters, tetrafluoroethylene fluoro-carbon polymers such as Teflon, nylon or mixtures thereof, for example are suitable synthetics for production of the housinq or cartridqe of the present invention.
The nicotine-dispensinq units of the present inven-tion most preferably neither chemically react with, stronqly bond nor absorb nicotine. These units should physically have lar~e surface areas and be permeable by qases because of a fibrous or porous structure. The materials of which these units are preferably made are substances which adsorb rather than absorb nicotine. The various synthetics mentioned above as preferably used for construction of the housin~ are also usable for the nico-*trade marks 553~L
tine dispensin~ units if their physical form is one of a hiqh surface to volume ratio and in permeable to gases.
Additionally, numerous polyesters having he a~ove charac-teristicsare available.
In Figure 1, and Fiqure 2, generally designated by the numeral 10, is a nicotine dispensing device of the present invention in the form of a one piece cigarette holder. The device 10 comprises a housing 12 having a ciqarette receiving end 14 and a mouthpiece end 16. A
cigarette 18 is positioned for insertion into the cylin-drical port 20 opening at the cigarette receiving end 14.
As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 the device 10 com-prises a nicotine dispensing unit 22 contained within thehousing 12. The nicotine dispensing unit 22 in this em-bodiment is schematically shown as a fibrous or porous gas-permeable barrier in the passageway 2~ defined by the ar~ows 26, 28 and enclosed by the inner housing walls 30.
The passa~eway 24 has an openinq 25 in the mouthpiece end 16 and an opening 27 in the cigarette receiving end 14 corresponding to the port 20. The passa~eway 24 may also contain conventional cigarette smoke filtering material (not shown) between the nicotine dispensing unit 22 and the port 20.
The nicotine dispensing unit 22, as schematically designated in Figure 2 and Figure 3, completely occludes the passageway 24 so that all smoke from a cigarette 18 inserted in the device 10 and inhaled through the device 10 permeates the nicotine dispensing unit 22. It-is also possible, as schematically shown in Figure 4, to utilize a nicotine dispensing unit 22a contained within a conven-tional tar or cigarette smoke filter unit 32, so that only a proportion of smoke inhaled through a device 10 passes throu~h the nicotine dispensing unit 22a, the rest of the ~4553~L
smoke passing through the conventional tar or cigarette smoke filter unit 32. In this manner, the usable nicotine productive life of the nicotine dispensing unit may be extended. Such a parallel alignment of nicotine dispens-ing unit 22a and tar filter 32 may be replaced, forexa~ple by a tar filter (not shown) between a nicotine dispensing unit 22 and the cigarette receiving end 24, this being in series.
Another embodiment of the nicotine-dispensing device of the present invention is shown in Figure S and gener-ally designated by the numeral 40. The housinq 42 of the device 40 has a first section 44 with a mouthpiece end 46 and an externally threaded end 48. The second section 50 of the housing 42 has a cigarette receiving end 52 and an internally threaded end 54~ The threaded ends 48 and 54 are adapted to be threaded together~ as shown cross-sectionally in Figure 6. A cigarette 56 is also shown in an inserted position. While a threaded attachment is visualized as a preferred method o~ attachment ~or the sections 44 and 50 many means of such reversible attach-ment are well known and considered within the scope of the present invention.
The device 40 has a nicotine dispensing unit 58 en-cased in a cartridqe 60. This nicotine-dispensing unit 58 is removably insertable into the disassembled device 40 as shown in Fiqure 5. In this embodiment the cartridge 60 has openinqs 62 at both ends 64 and 66. The nicotine dispensing unit 58 may be contained in a sealed cartridge (not shown) without end openings. When such a sealed cartrid~e is utilized, the housing sections 44 and 50 may be ~odified to contain puncturing means such as sharp conical metal edges (not shown) positioned to pierce the sealed ends 64 and 66 of the modified cartridge upon threaded engagement of the two housing sections 44 and 50.
3L24~iS3~L
g When the cartridge 60 is mounted in the housing 42, the outer surface of wall 68 of the cartridge 60 is closely engaqed by the inner surface of cylindrical wall 70 of the housina 42 so that smoke from an inserted ciqarette passing throuqh the device 40 will essentially all pass through the nicotine dispensinq unit 58. As discussed in relation to the earlier embodiment o~ the nicotine-dispensing device 10, the nicotine disbursement unit 58 may be arranged in series or parallel with a conventional cigarette tar-removing filter.
EXAMP~E 1 MODIFIED CO VENTIONAL CIGARETTE HOLDER
A Tar-Guard~ cartridge-type cigarette holder plus several cartridges (Venturi, Inc., 2345 Walker Ave., Grand Rapids, Mich.) were obtained. Each cartridge had the holes in each end enlarged. The baffles of the cartridge were removed and replaced by about 50 mg of polyester fibers. An amount of free (at least 9~% pure as sold by East~an Kodak and further purified by vacuum distillation) nicotine between about 1 and 2 mg was loaded in and adsorbed by the fibers in each of three cartridqes. Each cartridge in turn was retested in a ciqarette holder.
Ultra-mild, (i.e., heavily filtered) cigarettes, relatively tasteless to the inveterate smoker, were inserted into this modified Tar-Guard~ cigarette holder.
Upon lighting the cigarette and inhaling throuqh the nicotine-containing cartridge, several participating smokers acknowledged sensations of inhaling smoke from a li~htly filtered or unfiltered cigarette. The amount of nicotine in the polyester fiber was found to be related to the sensed strength of the inhaled smoke.
~45S3~
As a nicotine-containing cartridge was used, an apparent deposit of tars began to appear on fibers nearest the cigarette. Thus, carcino~enic tars from the "ultra mild" cigarette smoke were further removed while nicotine was enhanced.
The nicotine-enhanced smokinq device of the present invention may take the form and appearance of any conventional smokinq device such as a cigarette. The davice includes a first portion that is combustible to produce smoke that may be inhaled by the user. The first portion may include any nicotine or non-nicotine bearing material, including tobacco, cocoa or the like which produces a relatively pleasant, inhalable smoke. The first portion also includes a shell that contains the combustible material. The shell is subject to considerable variety, dependent solely on the user's personal tastes and preferences. The shell may be paper such as that used in forming ciqarettes In addition, the shell may be dried tohacco leaves~such as used with cigars.
The second portion, typically a cigarette filter, is connected to the first portion so as to be in the line of passaqe of the smoke produced in the first portion in route to a user's lungs. The second portion may be permanently affixed to or removably secured to the first portion. For example, the second portion may have t'ne appearance of a paper wrapped ciqarette and may be bound within the same paper that covers the first portion. Also the second portion may have the tobacco wrapped confiquration of a cigar and may be bound within the same tobacco wrappex as the first portion.
The first and second portions may be a conventional filter-tipped ciqarette having the nicotine solution con-~2~553~l tained in the filter. Preferably, the conventional ciqa-rette is a low tar cigarette.
The nicotine solution of this invention may be incor-porated into the filter by injection after the cigaretteis manufactured. Alternatively, the nicotine solution may be coated on the fibers comprisin~ the filter before they are made into filters which are used in cigarette manufac-ture.
The nicotine in the nicotine solution of this inven-tion is selected from the qroup consisting of nicotine (d), nicotine (1), nicotine (dl) and nicotine salts.
Nicotine is colorless or yellow in color and is character-ized by being oily and very hy~roscopic. Nicotine turnsto the familiar brown color on exposure to liqht or air.
Nicotine is obtained by extraction from dried tobacco leaves where it occurs to the extent o~ 2% to 8%, combined with citric, maleic and other acids. The commercial nico-tine which is available in the marketplace is entirely a byproduct of the tobacco industry. Extraction and purifi-cation procedures are generally well-known in this indus-try.
In one embodiment of the present invention, nicotine may be complexed with another substance to form a nicotine moiety which is resistant to evaporation and degradation.
Materials found to be useful in forming the nicotine moiety include alcohols, esters, hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones and ethers. The preferred complexing materials are polysiloxanes, such as polyphenylmethylsiloxane.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the nicotine solution comprises nicotine salts in a solvent.
The solvent may be organic, but is preferably aqueous.
~l2~5331 The nicotine salts are easily obtained by reacting an acid with nicotine. The acid may be organic or inor~anic.
Inorganic acids are preferred because they result in less tar being delivered to the smoker.
The nicotine solution of this invention may contain 5% to 15~ nicotine, by weight of the total solution. The preferred amount is 10%.
Example 1 A nicotine solution was prepared by mixing nicotine, obtained from Eastman Chemical, Stock No. 1242, with Poly-synlane obtained from Dow Chemical, Stock No. 556, in a 1 to 10 volume ratio of nicotine/Polysynlane. Ten milli-grams of the nicotine solution was injected intermediately into the filter of a Kent brand 8S millimeter low tar ci~arette. Vsing standard FTC determinations of tar and nicotine the nicotine-enhanced ciqarette delivered an avera~e of 0.48 milliqrams nicotine per cigarette and 3.34 milligrams tar per cigarette, compared to the FTC standard of 0.3 milli~rams nicotine ~er cigarette and 2.0 milli-qrams tar per cigarette. Thus, the nicotine release effi-ciency was 12.4~. When smoked, the cigarette had the effect of a strong ciqarette such as Marlboro brand or Camel hrand.
* * * * *
Further modifications of the presen-t invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art who have had the benefit of this disclosure. Such modifications however lie within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.
Claims (40)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A nicotine-dispensing device comprising:
a housing resistant to the absorption of nico-tine, having a mouthpiece end with first opening and a cigarette-receiving end with a second opening, said housing defining an internal passageway between the mouthpiece end and the cigarette-receiving end; and a gas-permeable, nicotine-dispensing unit com-prising nicotine and a gas-permeable sub-stance adsorptive for nicotine and resistant to nicotine absorption, said unit being interposed between the first and second openings in the passageway of the housing
a housing resistant to the absorption of nico-tine, having a mouthpiece end with first opening and a cigarette-receiving end with a second opening, said housing defining an internal passageway between the mouthpiece end and the cigarette-receiving end; and a gas-permeable, nicotine-dispensing unit com-prising nicotine and a gas-permeable sub-stance adsorptive for nicotine and resistant to nicotine absorption, said unit being interposed between the first and second openings in the passageway of the housing
2. The device of claim 1 wherein the housing is a single piece.
3. The device of claim 2 wherein the unit is affixed in the housing.
4. The device of claim 3 wherein the device is dispos-able after the unit is substantially exhausted of vapori-zable nicotine.
5. The device of claim l wherein the housing comprises sections adapted to be joined together.
6. The device of claim 5 wherein a first housing section comprises the mouthpiece end and a second housing section comprises the cigarette-receiving end.
7. The device of claim 1 including a tar filter con-figured to be positioned in said housing to filter gas passing through said device.
8. The device of claim 1, wherein the nicotine dispensing unit is in the form of a removable cartridge.
9. The device of claim 8 wherein the cartridge is cylin-drical and has two ends.
10. The device of claim 9 wherein the ends have openings.
11. The device of claim 9 wherein the ends are sealed.
12. The device of claim 7 wherein the tar filter consists essentially of cellulose acetate fibers.
13. The device of claim 1 wherein the gases comprise cigarette smoke.
14. The device of claim 1 wherein the housing consists essentially of polybutylene terephthalate, polyvinyl-fluoride, nylon, tetrafluoroethylene fluorocarbon polymer, or mixtures thereof.
15. The device of claim 1 wherein the gas-permeable substance consists essentially of polyesters, poly-butyleneterephthalate polyvinylfluoride, nylon, tetra-fluoroethylene fluorocarbon polymer or mixtures thereof.
16. A nicotine dispensing unit comprising a gas-permeable substance adsorptive for nicotine and resistant to nico-tine absorption, and nicotine, said unit being contained in a housing with a mouthpiece end and a cigarette-receiving end.
17. The unit of claim 16 wherein the unit is contained in a cylindrical cartridge having two ends.
18. The unit of claim 17 wherein the ends of the car-tridge have openings.
19. The unit of claim 17 wherein the ends of the car-tridge are sealed.
20. The unit of claim 17 wherein the cartridge consists essentially of a substance resistant to nicotine absorp-tion.
21. The unit of claim 16 wherein the nicotine is adsorbed on the surface of the gas-permeable substance.
22. The unit of claim 16 wherein the gas-permeable substance consists essentially of polyesters, poly-butyleneterephthalate polyvinylfluoride, nylon, reinforced plastic, tetrafluoroethylene fluorocarbon polymer or mix-tures thereof.
23. A method for enhancing the nicotine content of in-haled cigarette smoke including: emplacing in the path of smoke to be inhaled a nicotine-dispensing unit comprising a gas-permeable substance adsorptive for nicotine and resistant to nicotine absorption, and nicotine, said unit being interposed in a passageway defined by a housing with a mouthpiece end and a cigarette-receiving end.
24. The method of claim 23 wherein the unit is contained in a cigarette holder.
25. The method of claim 23 wherein the gas-permeable substance consists essentially of polyesters, poly-butyleneterephthalate polyvinylfluoride, nylon, reinforced plastic, tetrafluoroethylene fluorocarbon polymer or mix-tures thereof.
26. The method of claim 23 wherein a step is added con-sisting of placing a tar filter in series with or parallel to the nicotine dispensing unit.
27. The method of claim 23 wherein the nicotine-dispens-ing unit is contained within a cartridge.
28. A method for producing a nicotine dispensing device adopted to enrich cigarette smoke, comprising:
providing a cigarette-holder with a housing having a mouthpiece end with an opening and a cigarette-receiving end with an opening, said housing defining a passageway between the mouthpiece end and the cigarette-receiving end; and interposing in said passageway a nicotine dispensing unit comprising nicotine and a gas-permeable substance adsorptive for nicotine and resistant to nicotine absorption.
providing a cigarette-holder with a housing having a mouthpiece end with an opening and a cigarette-receiving end with an opening, said housing defining a passageway between the mouthpiece end and the cigarette-receiving end; and interposing in said passageway a nicotine dispensing unit comprising nicotine and a gas-permeable substance adsorptive for nicotine and resistant to nicotine absorption.
29. The method of claim 28 wherein the housing is a single piece and the nicotine dispensing unit is affixed therein.
30. The method of claim 28 wherein the housing comprises two reversibly attached sections and the dispensing unit is contained in a cartridge reversibly insertable in said housing.
31. The method of claim 28 wherein the gas-permeable substance consists essentially of polyesters, poly-butyleneterephthalate polyvinylfluoride, nylon, reinforced plastic, tetrafluoroethylene fluorocarbon polymer or mix-tures thereof.
32. A nicotine-enhanced smoking device, comprising:
(a) a first portion comprising combustible material and a housing, said material con-tained in said housing, and (b) a second portion attached to said first portion, said second portion being charac-terized by containing filter fibers and a nicotine solution, the configuration of said first and second portions permitting inter-action of combustion products of said first portion with said nicotine solution.
(a) a first portion comprising combustible material and a housing, said material con-tained in said housing, and (b) a second portion attached to said first portion, said second portion being charac-terized by containing filter fibers and a nicotine solution, the configuration of said first and second portions permitting inter-action of combustion products of said first portion with said nicotine solution.
33. A nicotine-enchanced smoking device according to claim 32 wherein said nicotine solution comprises 5-15%, by weight of total solution, of nicotine or a nicotine salt in a solvent.
34. A nicotine-enhanced smoking device according to claim 33 wherein said solvent is water.
35. A nicotine-enhanced smoking device according to claim 33 wherein said solvent is a polysiloxane.
36. A nicotine-enhanced smoking device according to claim 33 wherein said second portion contains filter fibers having said nicotine solution coated thereon.
37. A nicotine-enhanced smoking device according to claim 33 wherein said second portion contains filter fibers having said nicotine solution injected therein.
38. A nicotine-enhanced smoking device according to claim 37 wherein said first and second portions are in the shape of a cigarette.
39. A nicotine-enhanced smoking device according to claim 38 wherein said first and second portions are integrally connected.
40. A nicotine-enhanced smoking device according to Claim 38 wherein said first and second portions are detachable.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US714,696 | 1985-03-21 | ||
| US06/714,696 US4676259A (en) | 1985-03-21 | 1985-03-21 | Nicotine enhanced smoking device |
| US77213185A | 1985-08-30 | 1985-08-30 | |
| US772,131 | 1985-08-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1245531A true CA1245531A (en) | 1988-11-29 |
Family
ID=27109195
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000504311A Expired CA1245531A (en) | 1985-03-21 | 1986-03-17 | Nicotine enhanced smoking device |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0198268A3 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH0817689B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1245531A (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4800903A (en) * | 1985-05-24 | 1989-01-31 | Ray Jon P | Nicotine dispenser with polymeric reservoir of nicotine |
| GB8611699D0 (en) * | 1986-05-13 | 1986-06-18 | British American Tobacco Co | Smoking articles |
| JPH07155161A (en) * | 1992-12-26 | 1995-06-20 | Setsuo Kuroki | Complex cigarette |
| US5996589A (en) | 1998-03-03 | 1999-12-07 | Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation | Aerosol-delivery smoking article |
| JP5164217B2 (en) * | 2006-04-20 | 2013-03-21 | 日本たばこ産業株式会社 | Menthol delivery system for charcoal filter cigarette |
| EP2173203A2 (en) * | 2007-07-04 | 2010-04-14 | Heribert Schwarz | Smokeless cigarette |
| DE102012004179B4 (en) * | 2012-03-01 | 2016-05-04 | Similtrade GmbH | Passive inhalation device |
| EP2944205B1 (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2019-05-01 | Fontem Holdings 1 B.V. | Electronic smoking device and mouthpiece |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH242681A (en) * | 1943-04-05 | 1946-05-31 | Norman Dr Kemperling | Smoking device. |
| US2860638A (en) * | 1956-02-21 | 1958-11-18 | Bartolomeo Frank | Smoking device |
| FR1589807A (en) * | 1967-10-24 | 1970-04-06 | ||
| GB1307363A (en) * | 1969-06-03 | 1973-02-21 | Dikstein S | Cigarettes and tips therefor |
| US3584630A (en) * | 1969-08-20 | 1971-06-15 | Philip Morris Inc | Tobacco product having low nicotine content associated with a release agent having nicotine weakly absorbed thereon |
| US4227540A (en) * | 1978-06-23 | 1980-10-14 | Edison Robert G | Menthol filter for cigarettes |
| US4340072A (en) * | 1979-11-16 | 1982-07-20 | Imperial Group Limited | Smokeable device |
-
1986
- 1986-03-17 CA CA000504311A patent/CA1245531A/en not_active Expired
- 1986-03-20 JP JP61063824A patent/JPH0817689B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-03-21 EP EP86103906A patent/EP0198268A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0198268A2 (en) | 1986-10-22 |
| JPH0817689B2 (en) | 1996-02-28 |
| EP0198268A3 (en) | 1989-03-29 |
| JPS61257176A (en) | 1986-11-14 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |