CA1235579A - Method of making and using a titanium diboride comprising body - Google Patents
Method of making and using a titanium diboride comprising bodyInfo
- Publication number
- CA1235579A CA1235579A CA000450422A CA450422A CA1235579A CA 1235579 A CA1235579 A CA 1235579A CA 000450422 A CA000450422 A CA 000450422A CA 450422 A CA450422 A CA 450422A CA 1235579 A CA1235579 A CA 1235579A
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- Prior art keywords
- titanium diboride
- mixture
- iron
- titanium
- nickel
- Prior art date
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Methods are disclosed of making and of using a high density high strength titanium diboride comprising material. The method of making comprises (a) compacting a mixture of titanium diboride, 5-20%
by weight of a metal group binder, and up to 1% oxygen and up to 2% graphite, the mixture having a maximum particle size of 5 microns, and (b) sintering the compact to substantially full density. The TiB2 may be replaced by- up to 10% TiC. The method of use is as a cutting tool at relatively high speeds against aluminum based materials.
Methods are disclosed of making and of using a high density high strength titanium diboride comprising material. The method of making comprises (a) compacting a mixture of titanium diboride, 5-20%
by weight of a metal group binder, and up to 1% oxygen and up to 2% graphite, the mixture having a maximum particle size of 5 microns, and (b) sintering the compact to substantially full density. The TiB2 may be replaced by- up to 10% TiC. The method of use is as a cutting tool at relatively high speeds against aluminum based materials.
Description
ii57~
METHOD OF MAKING AND USING A TITANIUM
DEBARRED COMPRISING BODY
This invention relates Jo the art of making heat fused titanium bride bodies useful as cutting tussle, particularly for aluminum bawd Muriel.
Considerable interest, as a potential tool material, has been aroused in the use of abrasion resistant materials which consist of or contain boron, usually in the form of a bride of titanium. The material is usually fabricated by cementing together the titanium bride material with a metallic binder which may include iron, nickel, or cobalt however, utilizing such metal binders has not met with success because of (a) unsatisfactory strength and hardness at high temperatures, and (b) the processing temperature required for formation of the bond between the particles is too high (see Uo5.
patent 3,256,072).
To create a higher density sistered body with higher Messianic strength, the art has attempted to replace such metal binders with a combination of two separate components, the first of which includes a nickel phosphide or nickel phosphorus alloy, and the second consists of a metal selected from the group comprising chromium, molybdenum, rhenium, and the like, or a metal debarred, chromium debarred, or zirconium debarred (Lee U.S. patent 4,246,027). However, this particular replacement and chemistry has not proved entirely successful because the resulting combination of hardness and strength still remains below desired levels and still requires expensive hot pressing to achieve deification But, more importantly, the presence of phosphorus in this prior art material can make the material unsuitable for machining aluminum based materials due to embrittlement.
,,,
METHOD OF MAKING AND USING A TITANIUM
DEBARRED COMPRISING BODY
This invention relates Jo the art of making heat fused titanium bride bodies useful as cutting tussle, particularly for aluminum bawd Muriel.
Considerable interest, as a potential tool material, has been aroused in the use of abrasion resistant materials which consist of or contain boron, usually in the form of a bride of titanium. The material is usually fabricated by cementing together the titanium bride material with a metallic binder which may include iron, nickel, or cobalt however, utilizing such metal binders has not met with success because of (a) unsatisfactory strength and hardness at high temperatures, and (b) the processing temperature required for formation of the bond between the particles is too high (see Uo5.
patent 3,256,072).
To create a higher density sistered body with higher Messianic strength, the art has attempted to replace such metal binders with a combination of two separate components, the first of which includes a nickel phosphide or nickel phosphorus alloy, and the second consists of a metal selected from the group comprising chromium, molybdenum, rhenium, and the like, or a metal debarred, chromium debarred, or zirconium debarred (Lee U.S. patent 4,246,027). However, this particular replacement and chemistry has not proved entirely successful because the resulting combination of hardness and strength still remains below desired levels and still requires expensive hot pressing to achieve deification But, more importantly, the presence of phosphorus in this prior art material can make the material unsuitable for machining aluminum based materials due to embrittlement.
,,,
- 2 ~2355~9 The invention herein disclosed includes both a method of making and a method of using a high density, high strength titanium debarred comprising material as well as a titanium debarred based material itself. The method of making comprises the steps of: (a) compacting a powder mixture milled to a maximum particle size of 5 microns and consisting essentially of 5 to 20% by weight of a metal binder with the elements thereof selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel and iron, and the remainder being essentially titanium debarred except for up to 1.0%
oxygen, and up to 2% graphite, the mixture being compacted into a body of less than required density; and by stinter-in the compact by heating to a temperature sufficient to density the compact to at least 97% of full theoretical density. Preferably, the metal binder consists of an alloy of iron and nickel with the nickel occupying 20 to 50% of the alloy. Alternatively, the binder may consist of an alloy comprising iron, nickel, and cobalt with nickel occupying 5 to 10% of the alloy and cobalt keenest-tuning 2.5 to 5% of the alloy.
AdYantag~ously, the titanium debarred may replaced by up to 10% titanium carbide to further improve the strength and hardness combination. Graphite becomes a preferable addition, particularly up to 2% by weight of 25 the mixture, when the oxygen kitten of the titanium debarred starting powder is in the range of 0.2-l.0~ by wright of the mixture The titanium debarred based material which forms one aspect of the invention consists essentially of 5 to 20%
by weight of an iron metal binder, the binder being select ted from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel, and iron, or alloys thereof, and the remainder being essentially titanium debarred except for up to 1.0% oxygen and up to 2% graphite, the material being the heat fused product of the compacted mixture and exhibiting a hardness of at least 90 Rockwell A and a transverse rupture strength of at least 100,000 psi, the heat fused product having a titanium debarred grain size equal to or less than 5 microns.
~23~ 9 The invention further includes the method of using such titanium debarred comprising body. The method of use essentially comprises relatively moving a titanium debarred based cutting tool against an aluminum based material to machine cut the material, preferably at a relative surface speed of at least 400 surface feet per minute and depth of cut of from 0.010 to 0.250 inch, the titanium debarred based cutting tool being the heat fused product of a compacted powder mixture of 5 to 20% by weight of a metal binder selected from the group consist tying of cobalt, nickel and iron, and the remainder of the mixture being essentially titanium debarred except for up to 1.0% oxygen and up to 2% graphite.
The invention further resides in creation of a unique, hard, and dense sintPred compact composition, the composition consisting of the heat fused product of a powder mixture of 5-20% by weight of a metal binder selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel t and iron, and the remainder being essentially titanium debarred except for up to 1.0% oxygen and up to 2%
graphite, the particles of said powder, prior to heat fusion, having a maximum particle size equal to or less than 5 microns The opposition is characterized by a hardness equal to or greater than 90 Rockwell A, and a transverse rupture strength equal to or greater than 100,000 psi.
It will be shown that Capote materials produced from titanium debarred powder combined with either iron, nickel, cobalt, or alloys of such metals, and when prepared in a manner that the titanium debarred particle size in the final sistered product is less than 5 microns will produce a combination of physical characteristics of hardness, strength, and density superior to titanium debarred based articles prepared by prior art techniques.
A preferred method for fabricating the material of this invention is as follows Jo 1. I, .
Jo A powder mixture of 5-20% by weight of a metal binder, the metal elements being selected from the iron group (here defined to be the group consisting of cobalt, 5 nickel and iron), and the remainder of said mixture being essentially titanium debarred, except for up to 1.0%
oxygen and up to 2% graphite. The titanium debarred power has a purity of 99% or greater, and has typical contaminants which comprise 2' No and Fe. The metal 10 binder powder has a purity of 99.5% or greater, and a starting particle size usually below 325 mesh. For purposes of the preferred embodiment, 90 parts by weight of a titanium diehard powder, having less than 325 mesh in particle size, was mixed with lo parts by weight of 15 electrolytic iron powder. Four parts by weight of Carbowax aye polyethylene glycol) was stirred into the mixture to form a powder slurry.
A 2Q0 gram batch of these constituents was. ball milled under acetone for 72 hours in a stainless steel 2Q mill having a chamber approximately 12 centimeters in diameter and 12 centimeters long. Milling media in the form of 1300 grams of Tic based media, approximately 1 centimeter in diameter and l centimeter long, was employed.
The acetone was then evaporated and the dried powder mix 25 was screened through a 30 mesh sieve.
2. Compact Specimen bodies of the powder mixture were compacted at a pressure of ~9-207 Ma (5-15 tons per square inch), preferably 138 Ma lo tons per square pa inch), and then heated to a temperature of about 673C for one hour in a dry hydrogen atmosphere to Dixie or remove the Carbowax 600 from the mixture.
oxygen, and up to 2% graphite, the mixture being compacted into a body of less than required density; and by stinter-in the compact by heating to a temperature sufficient to density the compact to at least 97% of full theoretical density. Preferably, the metal binder consists of an alloy of iron and nickel with the nickel occupying 20 to 50% of the alloy. Alternatively, the binder may consist of an alloy comprising iron, nickel, and cobalt with nickel occupying 5 to 10% of the alloy and cobalt keenest-tuning 2.5 to 5% of the alloy.
AdYantag~ously, the titanium debarred may replaced by up to 10% titanium carbide to further improve the strength and hardness combination. Graphite becomes a preferable addition, particularly up to 2% by weight of 25 the mixture, when the oxygen kitten of the titanium debarred starting powder is in the range of 0.2-l.0~ by wright of the mixture The titanium debarred based material which forms one aspect of the invention consists essentially of 5 to 20%
by weight of an iron metal binder, the binder being select ted from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel, and iron, or alloys thereof, and the remainder being essentially titanium debarred except for up to 1.0% oxygen and up to 2% graphite, the material being the heat fused product of the compacted mixture and exhibiting a hardness of at least 90 Rockwell A and a transverse rupture strength of at least 100,000 psi, the heat fused product having a titanium debarred grain size equal to or less than 5 microns.
~23~ 9 The invention further includes the method of using such titanium debarred comprising body. The method of use essentially comprises relatively moving a titanium debarred based cutting tool against an aluminum based material to machine cut the material, preferably at a relative surface speed of at least 400 surface feet per minute and depth of cut of from 0.010 to 0.250 inch, the titanium debarred based cutting tool being the heat fused product of a compacted powder mixture of 5 to 20% by weight of a metal binder selected from the group consist tying of cobalt, nickel and iron, and the remainder of the mixture being essentially titanium debarred except for up to 1.0% oxygen and up to 2% graphite.
The invention further resides in creation of a unique, hard, and dense sintPred compact composition, the composition consisting of the heat fused product of a powder mixture of 5-20% by weight of a metal binder selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel t and iron, and the remainder being essentially titanium debarred except for up to 1.0% oxygen and up to 2%
graphite, the particles of said powder, prior to heat fusion, having a maximum particle size equal to or less than 5 microns The opposition is characterized by a hardness equal to or greater than 90 Rockwell A, and a transverse rupture strength equal to or greater than 100,000 psi.
It will be shown that Capote materials produced from titanium debarred powder combined with either iron, nickel, cobalt, or alloys of such metals, and when prepared in a manner that the titanium debarred particle size in the final sistered product is less than 5 microns will produce a combination of physical characteristics of hardness, strength, and density superior to titanium debarred based articles prepared by prior art techniques.
A preferred method for fabricating the material of this invention is as follows Jo 1. I, .
Jo A powder mixture of 5-20% by weight of a metal binder, the metal elements being selected from the iron group (here defined to be the group consisting of cobalt, 5 nickel and iron), and the remainder of said mixture being essentially titanium debarred, except for up to 1.0%
oxygen and up to 2% graphite. The titanium debarred power has a purity of 99% or greater, and has typical contaminants which comprise 2' No and Fe. The metal 10 binder powder has a purity of 99.5% or greater, and a starting particle size usually below 325 mesh. For purposes of the preferred embodiment, 90 parts by weight of a titanium diehard powder, having less than 325 mesh in particle size, was mixed with lo parts by weight of 15 electrolytic iron powder. Four parts by weight of Carbowax aye polyethylene glycol) was stirred into the mixture to form a powder slurry.
A 2Q0 gram batch of these constituents was. ball milled under acetone for 72 hours in a stainless steel 2Q mill having a chamber approximately 12 centimeters in diameter and 12 centimeters long. Milling media in the form of 1300 grams of Tic based media, approximately 1 centimeter in diameter and l centimeter long, was employed.
The acetone was then evaporated and the dried powder mix 25 was screened through a 30 mesh sieve.
2. Compact Specimen bodies of the powder mixture were compacted at a pressure of ~9-207 Ma (5-15 tons per square inch), preferably 138 Ma lo tons per square pa inch), and then heated to a temperature of about 673C for one hour in a dry hydrogen atmosphere to Dixie or remove the Carbowax 600 from the mixture.
3. Heating to Full Densification The compacted bodies then were sistered by 35 heating each in a furnace which was evacuated to a * - Trademark pressure of 0.3 microns of mercury and heated to temperature of about 1540C. The bodies were held at the sistering temperature for a period of about 15 minutes.
Titanium carbide crystalline grains were used as the inert substrate material. The resulting sistered product possessed a hardness of 94 Rockwell A, an average transverse rupture strength of 115,000 psi, and a density over 97% of the theoretical apparent density.
It was found during experimentation with this 10 process that the presence of a certain amount of oxygen, either as an oxide or as a elemental amount in the mixture, caused the hardness and transverse rupture strength to be less than desired. It was found that the addition of up to 2% graphite (free carbon) to the 15 mixture, prior to milling, removed the influence of the high oxygen content and restored the physical parameters to that of specimens which did not have such oxygen content.
Iron, cobalt, and nickel, as well as their 20 alloys, have proved to be successful binders for titanium debarred. As long as the titanium debarred grain size in the final sistered compact is maintained equal to or below 5 microns, good properties have been obtained using any of the iron group metals or their alloys as a binding agent 25 Examples Several samples were prepared according to the preferred mode wherein a specific powder mixture was prepared with titanium debarred as the base material and a metal binder in varying amounts of the selected elements.
30 Some samples employed titanium carbide as a replacement for titanium dlboride,and others contained an addition of graphite. The results from processing such mixtures according to the preferred method are illustrated in Table I, which sets forth the specific hardness, transverse 35 rupture strength, and density for each of the specimens as processed. A hardness of no less than 90 Rockwell A and a transverse rupture strength of no less than 100,000 psi is considered satisfactory.
The latter samples 16 and 17 in Table I draw a comparison between equal mixtures of titanium debarred, titanium carbide, and nickel, one sample producing a lower hardness and strength than the other sample; the difference between the two mixtures is the oxygen content (sample 16 having 0.19% 2 and sample 17 having 0-95% 2~
When up to 2% by weight of the composition consisted of graphite, the hardness and strength of sample 17 were restored to the level of that of a mixture having a lower level of oxygen (see sample 18). The beneficial effect of graphite additions to compositions having a higher oxygen content it important. Chemical analysis for carbon content of sistered specimens with various carbon additions up to 4% by weight indicates losses of carbon during sistering up to a maximum loss of about I by weight. It would appear then that the beneficial effect of carbon additions to compositions prepared is due to the reduction of oxygen that is present as an oxide or oxides in the titanium debarred powder.
Titanium debarred compacts produced in the manner described above have been found particularly suitable for use in an unobvious manner for the machining of aluminum and aluminum alloys. It has been found that titanium debarred is nonreactive in the presence of molten aluminum; and when used as a cutting tool against aluminum based materials, the titanium debarred based cutting tool exhibits a low affinity for aluminum based work pieces, provided the strength and hardness of the cutting material exceeds 100,000 psi and 90 Rockwell A respectively. The machining test results displayed in Table II demonstrate the unobvious utility of the use of this material for 35 machining aluminum based materials. Cutting tests were run both with and without coolants to compare the titanium I
debarred based cutting tool material with commercial grade C-3 tungsten carbide based cutting tools. The machining workups was continuously cast aluminum alloy AA 333 (8.5% silicon, 3.6~ copper, and .4% magnesium). The 5 work pieces were used both in the unmodified and sodium modified conditions. The tool was comprised of a material processed according to the preferred mode and having Jo%
Tub and 10% Nix The tool configuration was SPY 422. The conditions of machine cutting were ~011 inches per 10 revolution and depth of cut .06Q inch. The cutting fluid was 5% soluble oil in water.
The average tool it e is given in the Table in minutes; the life is measured up to a condition when the tool experiences .010 inch of flank wear. The average 15 tool life for the titanium debarred based tool was 2.36 times greater than that of the commercial tungsten carbide based tool for the unmodified aluminum. similar improvement in tool life occurred with respect to the use of the titanium debarred tool on sodium modified aluminum;
pa the improvement in tool life was 2.52 times the life of the tungsten carbide tool. It is worth noting that, at 2000 surface feet per minute, this improvement took place when machining dry as well as when coolant was present.
Composition The resulting material from the practice of the preferred mode is unique because it consists essentially of a titanium debarred based material consisting essentially of 5-20% by weight of an iron metal binder, said binder being selected from the group consisting of 3Q cobalt, nickel and iron, or alloys thereof, and the remainder being essentially titanium debarred except for up to 1.0% oxygen and up to 2% graphite, said material being the heat fused product of said compacted mixture and exhibiting a hardness of at least 90 Rockwell A and a 35 transverse rupture strength of at least 100,000 psi, said heat fused product having a titanium debarred grain size equal to or less than 5 microns.
o Cal O O I O JO CUT I I JO
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En ox O 0 0 O O ct7 ox o I o o I
Jo ., o Cal ox o Jo o ox Cal Jo o o Us o o I Lo O O 0:) C-- 1 I
R I I (n If, I Cal Lo ED o I Cal O
h to it Lo J cut c En I) YE: I I
I h Jo h h Pi I
P o by J I cut ox an co Lo 0 to Lo J O
O Q I O ~r)C~J QUEUE 0 Cal J I Irk N J J CUT Cut`. I
h ¢ I I I I I r-l Jo I I I I I I I I I
I; I
I
cq a) 0 0 o Cal o Lo 00 o I o us 0 en o 1 1 h o C`J o o o o o o o o I to m I
En o o rlrl O Lo Z
--I h I
ED I O O O O I
oily owe Kiwi -I m Jo o . Jo F' d cut o Us o o O
*l o .. Q
I o 0 a En I
cq r- -O I
Creole OWE
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a o o o us o Lo us o o o o o o o o .,1 Ox 0 0 I 0 0 0 00 0 0 co 0 I 0 0 0 En G:
I I J Jo it 0 I o f) J us 0 Us I
TABLE II
Tool Life of TiB2/Ni (Lowe) Material When Machining Aluminum Work pieces (Tool Life in Minutes, 0.010 Inch Flank Wear) Lowe sum 2000 sum Cutting Fluid Dry Cutting Fluid Tub 99 290 86 59 A. 333 Na-Modified .
Tub - . 175 ll9 134
Titanium carbide crystalline grains were used as the inert substrate material. The resulting sistered product possessed a hardness of 94 Rockwell A, an average transverse rupture strength of 115,000 psi, and a density over 97% of the theoretical apparent density.
It was found during experimentation with this 10 process that the presence of a certain amount of oxygen, either as an oxide or as a elemental amount in the mixture, caused the hardness and transverse rupture strength to be less than desired. It was found that the addition of up to 2% graphite (free carbon) to the 15 mixture, prior to milling, removed the influence of the high oxygen content and restored the physical parameters to that of specimens which did not have such oxygen content.
Iron, cobalt, and nickel, as well as their 20 alloys, have proved to be successful binders for titanium debarred. As long as the titanium debarred grain size in the final sistered compact is maintained equal to or below 5 microns, good properties have been obtained using any of the iron group metals or their alloys as a binding agent 25 Examples Several samples were prepared according to the preferred mode wherein a specific powder mixture was prepared with titanium debarred as the base material and a metal binder in varying amounts of the selected elements.
30 Some samples employed titanium carbide as a replacement for titanium dlboride,and others contained an addition of graphite. The results from processing such mixtures according to the preferred method are illustrated in Table I, which sets forth the specific hardness, transverse 35 rupture strength, and density for each of the specimens as processed. A hardness of no less than 90 Rockwell A and a transverse rupture strength of no less than 100,000 psi is considered satisfactory.
The latter samples 16 and 17 in Table I draw a comparison between equal mixtures of titanium debarred, titanium carbide, and nickel, one sample producing a lower hardness and strength than the other sample; the difference between the two mixtures is the oxygen content (sample 16 having 0.19% 2 and sample 17 having 0-95% 2~
When up to 2% by weight of the composition consisted of graphite, the hardness and strength of sample 17 were restored to the level of that of a mixture having a lower level of oxygen (see sample 18). The beneficial effect of graphite additions to compositions having a higher oxygen content it important. Chemical analysis for carbon content of sistered specimens with various carbon additions up to 4% by weight indicates losses of carbon during sistering up to a maximum loss of about I by weight. It would appear then that the beneficial effect of carbon additions to compositions prepared is due to the reduction of oxygen that is present as an oxide or oxides in the titanium debarred powder.
Titanium debarred compacts produced in the manner described above have been found particularly suitable for use in an unobvious manner for the machining of aluminum and aluminum alloys. It has been found that titanium debarred is nonreactive in the presence of molten aluminum; and when used as a cutting tool against aluminum based materials, the titanium debarred based cutting tool exhibits a low affinity for aluminum based work pieces, provided the strength and hardness of the cutting material exceeds 100,000 psi and 90 Rockwell A respectively. The machining test results displayed in Table II demonstrate the unobvious utility of the use of this material for 35 machining aluminum based materials. Cutting tests were run both with and without coolants to compare the titanium I
debarred based cutting tool material with commercial grade C-3 tungsten carbide based cutting tools. The machining workups was continuously cast aluminum alloy AA 333 (8.5% silicon, 3.6~ copper, and .4% magnesium). The 5 work pieces were used both in the unmodified and sodium modified conditions. The tool was comprised of a material processed according to the preferred mode and having Jo%
Tub and 10% Nix The tool configuration was SPY 422. The conditions of machine cutting were ~011 inches per 10 revolution and depth of cut .06Q inch. The cutting fluid was 5% soluble oil in water.
The average tool it e is given in the Table in minutes; the life is measured up to a condition when the tool experiences .010 inch of flank wear. The average 15 tool life for the titanium debarred based tool was 2.36 times greater than that of the commercial tungsten carbide based tool for the unmodified aluminum. similar improvement in tool life occurred with respect to the use of the titanium debarred tool on sodium modified aluminum;
pa the improvement in tool life was 2.52 times the life of the tungsten carbide tool. It is worth noting that, at 2000 surface feet per minute, this improvement took place when machining dry as well as when coolant was present.
Composition The resulting material from the practice of the preferred mode is unique because it consists essentially of a titanium debarred based material consisting essentially of 5-20% by weight of an iron metal binder, said binder being selected from the group consisting of 3Q cobalt, nickel and iron, or alloys thereof, and the remainder being essentially titanium debarred except for up to 1.0% oxygen and up to 2% graphite, said material being the heat fused product of said compacted mixture and exhibiting a hardness of at least 90 Rockwell A and a 35 transverse rupture strength of at least 100,000 psi, said heat fused product having a titanium debarred grain size equal to or less than 5 microns.
o Cal O O I O JO CUT I I JO
I
En ox O 0 0 O O ct7 ox o I o o I
Jo ., o Cal ox o Jo o ox Cal Jo o o Us o o I Lo O O 0:) C-- 1 I
R I I (n If, I Cal Lo ED o I Cal O
h to it Lo J cut c En I) YE: I I
I h Jo h h Pi I
P o by J I cut ox an co Lo 0 to Lo J O
O Q I O ~r)C~J QUEUE 0 Cal J I Irk N J J CUT Cut`. I
h ¢ I I I I I r-l Jo I I I I I I I I I
I; I
I
cq a) 0 0 o Cal o Lo 00 o I o us 0 en o 1 1 h o C`J o o o o o o o o I to m I
En o o rlrl O Lo Z
--I h I
ED I O O O O I
oily owe Kiwi -I m Jo o . Jo F' d cut o Us o o O
*l o .. Q
I o 0 a En I
cq r- -O I
Creole OWE
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a o o o us o Lo us o o o o o o o o .,1 Ox 0 0 I 0 0 0 00 0 0 co 0 I 0 0 0 En G:
I I J Jo it 0 I o f) J us 0 Us I
TABLE II
Tool Life of TiB2/Ni (Lowe) Material When Machining Aluminum Work pieces (Tool Life in Minutes, 0.010 Inch Flank Wear) Lowe sum 2000 sum Cutting Fluid Dry Cutting Fluid Tub 99 290 86 59 A. 333 Na-Modified .
Tub - . 175 ll9 134
Claims (11)
1. Method of making a high strength, high density titanium diboride comprising body, useful when shaped as a cutting tool, by the steps comprising:
(a) compacting a powder mixture milled to an absolute maximum particle size of 5 microns or less, said mixture consisting essentially of 5-20% by weight of an iron group metal or iron group metal alloy and the remainder being essentially titanium diboride except for up to 1.0% oxygen and up to 2% graphite, said mixture being formed into a body of less than required density;
and (b) sintering said compact by heating to a temperature sufficient to densify said compact to at least 97% of full theoretical density.
(a) compacting a powder mixture milled to an absolute maximum particle size of 5 microns or less, said mixture consisting essentially of 5-20% by weight of an iron group metal or iron group metal alloy and the remainder being essentially titanium diboride except for up to 1.0% oxygen and up to 2% graphite, said mixture being formed into a body of less than required density;
and (b) sintering said compact by heating to a temperature sufficient to densify said compact to at least 97% of full theoretical density.
2. The method as in claim 1, in which said titanium diboride is replaced with a proportionate amount of 0-10% titanium carbide.
3. The method as in claim 1, in which said graphite is present in said mixture when said oxygen content of said titanium diboride mixture is in the range of 0.2-1.0%.
4. The method as in claim 1, in which said iron metal group binder elements are selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel, and iron.
5. The method as in claim 1, in which said binder consists of an alloy of iron and nickel, said nickel occupying 20-50% by weight of said alloy.
6. The method as in claim 1, in which said binder consists of an alloy of iron, nickel, and cobalt wherein said cobalt constitutes 2.5-5% by weight of said alloy and said nickel being 5-10% by weight of said alloy.
7. The method as in claim 1, in which said sintering is carried out in an evacuated furnace to a pressure of under 20 microns and heated to a temperature of 1500-1570°C for a period of 10-30 minutes.
8. A titanium diboride based material consisting essentially of 5-20% by weight of an iron metal binder, said binder being selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel, and iron, or alloys thereof, and the remainder being essentially titanium diboride except for up to 1.0% oxygen and up to 2% graphite, said material being the heat fused product of said compacted mixture and exhibiting a hardness of at least 90 Rockwell A and a transverse rupture strength of at least 100,000 psi, said heat fused product having a titanium diboride grain size equal to or less than 5 microns.
9. The composition of claim 8, in which a portion of said titanium diboride is replaced by up to 0-10% of titanium carbide.
10. The composition of claim 8, in which said graphite is present up to 2% by weight of said mixture when the oxygen content of said mixture is in the range of 0.2-1.0%.
11. A method of using a titanium diboride based sintered material, comprising relatively moving said titanium diboride based material shaped as a cutting tool against an aluminum based material, said titanium diboride based cutting tool being the heat fused product of a compacted powder mixture of 5 to 20% by weight of a metal binder selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel and iron and the remainder being essentially titanium diboride except for up to 1.0% oxygen and up to 2% graphite.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US51502883A | 1983-05-27 | 1983-05-27 | |
| US515,028 | 1983-05-27 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1235579A true CA1235579A (en) | 1988-04-26 |
Family
ID=24049691
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000450422A Expired CA1235579A (en) | 1983-05-27 | 1984-03-23 | Method of making and using a titanium diboride comprising body |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1235579A (en) |
-
1984
- 1984-03-23 CA CA000450422A patent/CA1235579A/en not_active Expired
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