CA1234791A

CA1234791A - Hammer crusher

Info

Publication number: CA1234791A
Application number: CA000451808A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Kunto Elonen
Original assignee: Neles Oy
Current assignee: Neles Jamesbury Oy
Priority date: 1983-04-20
Filing date: 1984-04-11
Publication date: 1988-04-05
Also published as: FI68531C; FI831347L; SE8402183D0; FI68531B; SE8402183L; DE3414543A1; FR2544628B1; FR2544628A1; FI831347A0; SE462552B

Abstract

Abstract of the Disclosure Hammer crusher which comprises a revolving rotor (2) and one or several hammers (4) attached to the rotor as pivotable relative a shaft (5 or 9) parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor. In the frame of the rotor, facing each hammer, there is a recess parallel to the radius of the rotor so that the hammer can pivot round its shaft over 360°. The recess facing each hammer (4) extends, in the direction of the radius of the rotor (2), at least up to the axis of rotation of the rotor. (Fig. 1)

Description

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Hammer Crusher The present invention is concerned with a hammer crusher which comprises a revolving rotor and one or several hammers attached to the rotor as pivot able relative a shaft parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor, whereat, in the frame of the rotor, facing each hammer, there is a recess parallel to the radius of the rotor so that the harNmer can pivot round its shaft over 360.
For the crushing of solid materials, such as ore, rock, coal, wood waste for energy purposes, and of other waste, e.g. construction material waste, it is known in prior art to use hammer crushers in which several wows of hammers are attached to a revolving rotor. When the rotor revolves, by the effect of centrifugal force, the pivoting hammers assume a post-lion projecting in the direction of the radius of the rotor. When they strike against the material to be crushed, they crush it. Underneath the crusher, there is a grate, and the size of the openings in the grate determines the fineness of grinding.
The impact force of the hammer is determined by the magnitude of the centrifugal force acting upon it.
When the mass of the hammer and the speed of rotation of the rotor remain unchanged, the magnitude of the centric frugal force is determined on the basis of the distance of the center of gravity of the hammer, i.e. the longer the hammer, the higher is the impact force.
In order that the impact force of the hammer should be directed as completely as possible at the material to be crushed, the hammer ought to be able to Jo revolve freely around its articulated joint when required. If this is not possible, for example, when the hammer meets some obstacle, part of the impact energy of the hammer acts upon the rotor itself, and the impact points both on the hammers and on the rotor '

2 ~2~791 become damaged gradually.
In prior-art constructions, the rotor of a hammer crusher usually has a large-diameter shaft in the middle, which shaft limits the length of the pivoting hammer, especially in smaller crushers.
In accordance with one particular aspect of the present invention, there it provided, in a hammer crusher having a rotor frame, a revolving rotor and at least one hammer attached to the rotor, the hammer being pivot able relative to a shaft mounting the hammer, the shaft being parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor, the improvement wherein a recess is provided in the frame of the rotor, racing the hammer, the recess being parallel to the radius of the rotor and extending, in the direction of the radius of the rotor, at least up to the axis of rotation of the rotor, whereby -the hammer can pivot around its shaft over 360.
It is characteristic of the hammer crusher in accordance with the present invention that the recess facing each hammer extends, in the direction of the radius of the rotor, at least up to the axis of rotation of the rotor. Thus, the rotor of the hammer crusher in accordance with the invention does not have a central shaft. Instead of the shaft, it is possible to use beams belonging to the frame, or specifically dimensioned hammer shafts. The construction in accord-ante with the invention permits revolution of the hazer around its shalt even though the overall cross section of the device is little as compared with the length of ; 30 the hammer. When the hammer can revolve freely around Jo aye pa its shaft, the requirement of maintenance of the device is reduced and its service life becomes longer.
The invention and its details will be described in more detail below with reference to the attached drawings, wherein Figure 1 is a schematically sectional view of a hammer crusher in accordance with one embodiment of the invention, Figure 2 is a side view of the rotor of the crusher shown in Fig. l, Figure 3 is a sectional view of the rotor of a crusher in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention, Figure 4 is a side view of the rotor shown in Fig. 3, Figure 5 is a sectional view of the rotor of a crusher in accordance with a third embodiment of the Invention, and Figure 6 is a side view of the rotor of Fig.
5.

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~23~791 The hammer crusher in accordance with the invention comprises a frame 1 as well as a rotor 2 with hammers 4.
Underneath the frame, there is a screen e grate 3. The frame portion of the rotor consists of frame discs 7, which are attached to each other at distances in the direction of the axis of rotation of -the rotor so that the hammers 4 pivot ably attached to link shafts 5 fit between the discs 7. In accordance with this invention, there is provided a recess 15, as shown in the drawings, which recess as will be seen is parallel to the radius of the rotor and extends in the direction of the radius of the rotor, at least up to the axis of rotation of the rotor so that a hammer can pivot around its shaft over 360, as described hereinafter in greater detail.
In the embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2, the hammers are arranged in two rows, and the frame discs are attached to each other by means of beams 6 placed between the discs. The form and the location of the beams is such that, as placed between the discs 7, they remain entirely outside the area that is defined by a hammer 4 revolving around its shaft 5 smaller arcs of a circle drawn with broken lines in Fig. 1).
The beams are placed at the sides of the frame and do not extend to the axis of rotation of the frame. Under these circumstances, the length of the hammers can be such that, in their inwardly pivoted positions, the hammers extend up to the center axis of the rotor.
The rotor is supported on the frame by means of stub shafts 8 placed at the ends of the rotor.
When the rotor revolves as driven by its drive mechanism (not shown in the drawing), the hammers assume an outwardly projecting position by the effect of centrifugal force, whereat, when they move, they cover the area of the larger arc of a circle drawn with broken lines in Fig. 1. The material to be crushed is fed into the crusher in the direction of the arrow X
through the feed opening. When the hammers strike against the material it is crushed and the crushed particles fall through the slots in the grate 3 in the direction of the arrows Y. By the effect of the impacts, the hammers tend to revolve on their shafts. Since there are no obstacles on their paths of movement, they can revolve even a full round if required.

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In the embodiment shown in Figures 3 and 4, the hammers 4 are arranged in four rows. The rows are placed between the frame discs 7 as interlocking each other so that there are two hammers in each slot between the discs, the said hammers belonging to rows placed one opposite the other. There are no beams between the frame discs, but the discs are attached to each other by means of the shafts 9 of the hammers, which shafts extend through the entire rotor. Moreover, stationary interim-dilate bushings 10 are fitted between the frame discs against which the frame discs are pressed.
In the embodiment shown in Figures 5 and 6, there are three rows of hammers. The hammers are placed as interlocking each other, like in the embodiment of Figures 3 end 4, but so that there is only one hammer in each slow. Thereby, in each row of hammers there are always two empty slots between two hammers. Since there is only one hammer in each slot, the hammer may extend even beyond the center axis of the rotor, and thereby the section of the entire apparatus can be made even smaller in relation to the length of the hammer.
The invention is not confined to the embody-mints described above only, but it may show variation within the scope of the patent claims. Besides the suggested rotor solutions, the hammers may also be arranged in many other sequences whereat no central shaft interfering with the movements of the hammers is used. The frame of the rotor can be manufactured by casting as one piece or by welding it together out of components. Under these circumstances, the parts 6 called frame beams may also be made of one piece with ; the frame discs I

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Claims

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:

1. In a hammer crusher having a rotor frame, a revolving rotor and at least one hammer attached to said rotor, said hammer being pivotable relative to a shaft mounting said hammer, said shaft being parallel to the axis of rotation of said rotor, the improvement wherein a recess is provided in the frame of said rotor, facing said hammer, said recess being parallel to the radius of said rotor and extending, in the direction of the radius of said rotor, at least up to the axis of rotation of said rotor, whereby said hammer can pivot around its shaft over 360°.

2. The improvement claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of hammers and a plurality of said recesses are provided, each recess facing each hammer.

3. The improvement claimed in claim 1, wherein two or more rows of said hammers extend parallel to the axis of rotation of said rotor, said rotor frame comprising a plurality of axially spaced apart frame discs, said frame discs being connected to each other by means of the shafts of said hammers, said hammers being journalled on their shafts between said frame discs.

4. The improvement claimed in claim 1, wherein two or more rows of said hammers extend parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor, said rotor frame comprising a plurality of axially spaced apart frame discs, said frame discs being connected together by intermediate portions extending between said frame discs, said hammers being journalled on their shafts between said frame discs.

5. The improvement claimed in claim 3, wherein said hammers are arranged to interlock with each other so that the number of hammers in each slot between the frame discs is lower than the number of the rows of hammers.

6. The improvement claimed in claim 4, wherein said hammers are arranged to interlock with each other so that the number of hammers in each slot between the frame discs is lower than the number of the rows of hammers.

7. The improvement claimed in claim 5 or 6, wherein each hammer has a length such that, in the inwardly pivoted position, it extends beyond the axis of rotation of the rotor.

8. The improvement claimed in claim 2, wherein two or more rows owe said hammers extend parallel to the axis of rotation of said rotor, said rotor frame comprising a plurality of axially spaced apart frame discs, said frame discs being connected to each other by means of the shafts of said hammers, said hammers being journalled on their shafts between said frame discs.

9. The improvement claimed in claim 2, wherein two or more rows of said hammers extend parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor, said rotor frame comprising a plurality of axially spaced apart frame discs, said frame discs being connected together by intermediate portions extending between said frame discs, said hammers being journalled on their shafts between said frame discs.

10. The improvement claimed in claim 8, wherein said hammers are arranged to interlock with each other so that the number of hammers in each slot between the frame discs is lower than the number of the rows of hammers.

11. The improvement claimed in claim 9, wherein said hammers are arranged to interlock with each other so that the number of hammers in each slot between the frame discs is lower than the number of the rows of hammers.

12. The improvement claimed in claim 10 or 11, wherein each hammer has a length such that, in the inwardly pivoted position, it extends beyond the axis of rotation of the rotor.