CA1231561A - Hard metal composition - Google Patents
Hard metal compositionInfo
- Publication number
- CA1231561A CA1231561A CA000458450A CA458450A CA1231561A CA 1231561 A CA1231561 A CA 1231561A CA 000458450 A CA000458450 A CA 000458450A CA 458450 A CA458450 A CA 458450A CA 1231561 A CA1231561 A CA 1231561A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- mixture
- metal component
- component
- tungsten
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
- C22C27/04—Alloys based on tungsten or molybdenum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
- C22C32/0057—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides based on B4C
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
Abstract
HARD METAL COMPOSITION
A composition of matter having a Rockwell A hardness of at least 85 is formed from a precursor mixture comprising between 3 and 10 weight percent boron carbide and the remainder a metal mixture comprising from 70 to 90 percent tungsten or molybdenum, with the remainder of the metal mixture comprising nickel and iron or a mixture thereof. The composition has a relatively low density of between 7 and 14 g/cc. The precursor is preferably hot pressed to yield a composition having greater than 100% of theoretical density.
A composition of matter having a Rockwell A hardness of at least 85 is formed from a precursor mixture comprising between 3 and 10 weight percent boron carbide and the remainder a metal mixture comprising from 70 to 90 percent tungsten or molybdenum, with the remainder of the metal mixture comprising nickel and iron or a mixture thereof. The composition has a relatively low density of between 7 and 14 g/cc. The precursor is preferably hot pressed to yield a composition having greater than 100% of theoretical density.
Description
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BACK LUND OF HE INVENTION
The invention described herein is generally related to hard metal compositions, also known in the trade as ~ardme~als, such us are used in machine tools, rock drilling bits and in other applications requiring metal components having sigh hardness. More particularly, this invention it related to the tungsten and molybdenum boride-ca~bide family of hard metals.
Tungsten carbide is a well known hard material, waving a hardness value of 92 to 96 as measured by toe Rockwell A
hardness test, However, pure tungsten carbide is too brittle for use in most applications. Accordingly, it is well known Jo combine tungsten carbide with a relatively soft binder metal, such as cobalt, nickel, iron or a mixture Tory, to make a Ward composition having both high hardness and high fracture toughness. The compositions utilizing cobalt as the binder are generally recognized as being superior in the characteristics which are important in practical applications, primarily hardness and toughness, and for is reason the cobalt-tungsten carbides are widely used in rock drilling bits, tool bits, tire studs and similar applications.
Cobalt, however. is a metal which is almost exclusively imported into the United States, with the result that the availability and price of cobalt aye unstable and the price is subject to wide and unpredictable fluctuations.
I
I Jo moron carbide it second only to diamond and cubic boron nitride in hardness. However, its practical utility is limited by its high brittleness and virtual lack of elongation. Some efforts have been made Jo react boron carbide with various metals to form metal carbidefmetal bride compositions which are both hard and resistant to fracture, so as to render them desirable a machine tool bits and the like. For example, US. Patent 3,386,812 discloses a nickel-boron carbide composition. More important in this regard, however, is the applicant own previous work, which is disclosed and claimed in the Canadian Patent 1,180,576. issued on January 8. 1985. In that patent there is disclosed the applicant's development of a hard composition which consists generally of the hot-pressed reaction product of either tungsten or molybdenum mixed with boron carbide and a binder of nickel Andre iron. The metallic component of that composition (i.e., the non-boron carbide component, as disclosed and claimed in the reverenced application, contains tungsten or molybdenum in a concentration of at least 90 percent by weight.
Consequently, the hard composition has a relatively high density, on the order of 15 to 16 g/cc.
Although such a high density is of no consequence in many applications, and in fact constitutes an advantage in some applications, there are other applications in which it would be desirable to employ similar hard metal compositions having a relatively lower density. Such applications include, for example, machine tools having high speed moving tool Jo ~L23~
pa bits, hard metal components used in aircraft, hard metal components used in munitions projectile. and tire studs.
SEYMOUR OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, it is an object and purpose of the present invention to provide an improved hard metal composition.
I
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It is also an object and purpose ox the invention Jo provide a hard metal composition having a low density, and, more particularly, a lower density than that of the hard composition ox Atari disclosed and claimed in the applicants previous patent application, reverenced above.
It is also an object and purpose Jo provide a hard metal composition of improved frock e toughness.
It is also an object ox the present injection to provide a cobalt-free Ward metal composition.
To achieve the foregoing and otter objects, and in accordance with the purposes of the present invention, as embodied and broadly described Herr, the present invention provides a hard composition of matter which comprises the bo~-pressed reaction product of a boron carbide component and a metal mixture. The boron carbide component consists essentially of boron carbide BY
or, alternatively, any substantially stoichiometric equivalent mixture of boron and carbon. The metal mixture includes a first metal component and a second metal component. Toe first metal component is tungsten, molybdenum or a mixture thereof. When the first metal component is t~ngs~en, the boron carbide component comprise between approximately 3 and 6 percent by weight of the composition. When the first metal component is molybdenum, the boron carbide component comprises between approximately 6 and lo percent by weight of the composition. The tungsten and molybdenum of the first metal component are interchangeable and mutually substitutable on a mole-for-mole basis, with the foregoing percentages being adjusted on a pro fate basis it the case where there is a mixture of tungsten and molybdenum comprising the first metal component.`
The second mutt opponent ox the metal mixture is nickel or iron or a mixture thereof. this component is present in an amount comprising the remainder ox the composition. when the first metal components is tungsten, the metal mixture preferably consists of from lo to Al percent by weight nickel and from 0 to 9 percent by weight iron. When the first metal component is molybdenum, the metal mixture preferably consist of between 9 and 20 percent nickel and from 0 to 9 percent iron. As with the boron carbide component discussed above, these percentages are adjustable on a pro fate basis when the first metal component consists of a mixture of tungsten and molybdenum.
The present invention essentially represents an extension of the applicant's previous work, disclosed and claimed in the above referenced patent application, in which the applicant determined thaw the concentration of the tungsten/molybdenum component of the metallic mixture of the hard metal composition could be as low as 90 weight percent.
With the present invention, the applicant has determined that the tungsten/molybdenum component can be even further reduced, to as low as 70 weight percent of the metal mixture in the case of tungsten or 72 percent in the case of molybdenum, with no appreciable reduction in hardness. This it considered to be a surprising and unpredicted result, with the important consequence thaw the hard composition of matter can be made to have a considerably lower density and weight with no decrease in hardness.
These and other aspects of the invention will be more fully apparent upon consideration of the more detailed description of the invention set forth below.
. !,, pa DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF To INVENTION
The hard metal composition of the present invention is made from a powdered precursor mixture which includes boron carbide, a metal binder consisting of powdered iron, nickel, or a mixture whereof, and powdered tungsten or molybdenum or a mixture thereof. During sistering of the precursor mixture the iron/nickel binder phase dissolve I'`
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some of the tu~gsten/molybdenum phase to become an alloy of nickel, iron and tungsten (ox molybdenum). Also, the constituents ox the binder phase are known Jo react to a limited extent with the boron carbide to small awaits ox iron and nickel carbides a well as iron and nickel brides, and probably also dissolve a limited amount of boron carbide as such. However, it is nevertheless thought that the ironJnickel component of the mixture functions primarily in its town capacity as a binder lo phase.
It is also known that tungsten reacts in the liquid phase with the boron carbide during sistering to form tungsten carbide an tungsten bride compounds, both of which are thicket to occur in several stoichiome~ric species. Tungsten, for example. is known to form WE, WACO and minor concentrations of other compounds.
Molybdenum likewise reacts with boron carbide to form various indefinitely-charac~eri~ed molybdenum carbide and molybdenum bride species.
Table 1 sets worth compositions, measured hardness values and densities for ten samples which were prepared by hot pressing from powders, as further described below.
In Table l, the weight percentages of the various teals which are presented in brackets represent the weight percent of each particular metal with respect to the total metal content of the sample: that is. excluding the boron carbide component. The weight percent ox total metal in the sample is given under the ovum titled "Total petal". Thus, for example, the first sample.
identified by the run number PA-6, contains I by weight boron carbide, with toe remaining 95% of the sample consisting of the eta tungsten, nickel and iron. Of the I of the sample which consists of these three metals, the proportions of tungsten, nickel and iron are 70~, 21% and 9% by weight, r~specti~aly.
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Toe samples presented in Tclble 1 were prepared from dry powdered precursor mixtures ox fine gained boron carbide and powders ox the elemental metals. The precursor mixtures were loaded into graphite dies and hot pressed at a temperature Or ~460C and a pressure 21 spa to form pressed cylinders approximately 20 long and 31.8 em in diameter. As indicated in Table 1 the measured densities of the pressed cylinders were each in excess ox 100~ of theoretical density bayed on simple mixtures of toe blended constituents.
Owe end of each cylinder was reduced by 0.5 mm and both ends were the ground flat. Rockwell A hardness tests were then conducted on the opposite ends of each cylinder; the results are presented in Table 1.
Another jet of ten samples, having the same copiousness as those set forth in Table 1, and made prom toe same precursor mixtures, were prepared by the method of cold fluid isostatic pressing followed by sistering at atmospheric pressure in hydrogen at 1460-1470C.
Sistering was conducted with a heaving rate ox Corey to minimize solid state reactions. This method of preparation was tried because it represents a more economical approach than the hot pressing method described above. However, toe results from the cold pressi~g/si~tering method were not as satisfactory as those from the hot pressing method. Only two ox the cold-pressed samples, those represented by run numbers PA-4 and PA-10, were pressed to wrier than 100% of theoretical density. One of these samples, PA-9 was determined to haze a Rockwell A hardness of 88.6.
e actual chemical nature of hard metal composition of the present mention it not well known, apart prom its bulk chemical compose. It is thought that the composition includes mixed metal carbides, metal brides and metal boro-carbides. It is speculated that the a sly principal contribution to hardness is due to the formation ox tungsten or molybdenum brides, boro-carbides and carbides, but further work is necessary to confirm this.
A major consequence of reducing the tungs~en/molybdenum convent Or the composition is a reduction in the density of Cue composition. This is a result of toe large difference in densities between, for example, tungsten tl9.3 g/cc) and nickel (8.9 q/cc). As iodide in Table lo the tungsten series of compositions 10 ranges in density from approximately 13.5 to 14.5 gag and the molybdenum series of oppositions ranges in density prom approximately 8.2 to 8.8 g/cc. With respect to toe latter series, it is noted that toe densities of the molybdenum compositions are approximately half that of the tungsten carbide composition currently used in tool bits and tire studs.
The foregoing description of preferred embodiments ox the invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention Jo toe precise for disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by toe claims appended hereto.
BACK LUND OF HE INVENTION
The invention described herein is generally related to hard metal compositions, also known in the trade as ~ardme~als, such us are used in machine tools, rock drilling bits and in other applications requiring metal components having sigh hardness. More particularly, this invention it related to the tungsten and molybdenum boride-ca~bide family of hard metals.
Tungsten carbide is a well known hard material, waving a hardness value of 92 to 96 as measured by toe Rockwell A
hardness test, However, pure tungsten carbide is too brittle for use in most applications. Accordingly, it is well known Jo combine tungsten carbide with a relatively soft binder metal, such as cobalt, nickel, iron or a mixture Tory, to make a Ward composition having both high hardness and high fracture toughness. The compositions utilizing cobalt as the binder are generally recognized as being superior in the characteristics which are important in practical applications, primarily hardness and toughness, and for is reason the cobalt-tungsten carbides are widely used in rock drilling bits, tool bits, tire studs and similar applications.
Cobalt, however. is a metal which is almost exclusively imported into the United States, with the result that the availability and price of cobalt aye unstable and the price is subject to wide and unpredictable fluctuations.
I
I Jo moron carbide it second only to diamond and cubic boron nitride in hardness. However, its practical utility is limited by its high brittleness and virtual lack of elongation. Some efforts have been made Jo react boron carbide with various metals to form metal carbidefmetal bride compositions which are both hard and resistant to fracture, so as to render them desirable a machine tool bits and the like. For example, US. Patent 3,386,812 discloses a nickel-boron carbide composition. More important in this regard, however, is the applicant own previous work, which is disclosed and claimed in the Canadian Patent 1,180,576. issued on January 8. 1985. In that patent there is disclosed the applicant's development of a hard composition which consists generally of the hot-pressed reaction product of either tungsten or molybdenum mixed with boron carbide and a binder of nickel Andre iron. The metallic component of that composition (i.e., the non-boron carbide component, as disclosed and claimed in the reverenced application, contains tungsten or molybdenum in a concentration of at least 90 percent by weight.
Consequently, the hard composition has a relatively high density, on the order of 15 to 16 g/cc.
Although such a high density is of no consequence in many applications, and in fact constitutes an advantage in some applications, there are other applications in which it would be desirable to employ similar hard metal compositions having a relatively lower density. Such applications include, for example, machine tools having high speed moving tool Jo ~L23~
pa bits, hard metal components used in aircraft, hard metal components used in munitions projectile. and tire studs.
SEYMOUR OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, it is an object and purpose of the present invention to provide an improved hard metal composition.
I
~31SÇ~'~
It is also an object and purpose ox the invention Jo provide a hard metal composition having a low density, and, more particularly, a lower density than that of the hard composition ox Atari disclosed and claimed in the applicants previous patent application, reverenced above.
It is also an object and purpose Jo provide a hard metal composition of improved frock e toughness.
It is also an object ox the present injection to provide a cobalt-free Ward metal composition.
To achieve the foregoing and otter objects, and in accordance with the purposes of the present invention, as embodied and broadly described Herr, the present invention provides a hard composition of matter which comprises the bo~-pressed reaction product of a boron carbide component and a metal mixture. The boron carbide component consists essentially of boron carbide BY
or, alternatively, any substantially stoichiometric equivalent mixture of boron and carbon. The metal mixture includes a first metal component and a second metal component. Toe first metal component is tungsten, molybdenum or a mixture thereof. When the first metal component is t~ngs~en, the boron carbide component comprise between approximately 3 and 6 percent by weight of the composition. When the first metal component is molybdenum, the boron carbide component comprises between approximately 6 and lo percent by weight of the composition. The tungsten and molybdenum of the first metal component are interchangeable and mutually substitutable on a mole-for-mole basis, with the foregoing percentages being adjusted on a pro fate basis it the case where there is a mixture of tungsten and molybdenum comprising the first metal component.`
The second mutt opponent ox the metal mixture is nickel or iron or a mixture thereof. this component is present in an amount comprising the remainder ox the composition. when the first metal components is tungsten, the metal mixture preferably consists of from lo to Al percent by weight nickel and from 0 to 9 percent by weight iron. When the first metal component is molybdenum, the metal mixture preferably consist of between 9 and 20 percent nickel and from 0 to 9 percent iron. As with the boron carbide component discussed above, these percentages are adjustable on a pro fate basis when the first metal component consists of a mixture of tungsten and molybdenum.
The present invention essentially represents an extension of the applicant's previous work, disclosed and claimed in the above referenced patent application, in which the applicant determined thaw the concentration of the tungsten/molybdenum component of the metallic mixture of the hard metal composition could be as low as 90 weight percent.
With the present invention, the applicant has determined that the tungsten/molybdenum component can be even further reduced, to as low as 70 weight percent of the metal mixture in the case of tungsten or 72 percent in the case of molybdenum, with no appreciable reduction in hardness. This it considered to be a surprising and unpredicted result, with the important consequence thaw the hard composition of matter can be made to have a considerably lower density and weight with no decrease in hardness.
These and other aspects of the invention will be more fully apparent upon consideration of the more detailed description of the invention set forth below.
. !,, pa DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF To INVENTION
The hard metal composition of the present invention is made from a powdered precursor mixture which includes boron carbide, a metal binder consisting of powdered iron, nickel, or a mixture whereof, and powdered tungsten or molybdenum or a mixture thereof. During sistering of the precursor mixture the iron/nickel binder phase dissolve I'`
~23~:i6J~
some of the tu~gsten/molybdenum phase to become an alloy of nickel, iron and tungsten (ox molybdenum). Also, the constituents ox the binder phase are known Jo react to a limited extent with the boron carbide to small awaits ox iron and nickel carbides a well as iron and nickel brides, and probably also dissolve a limited amount of boron carbide as such. However, it is nevertheless thought that the ironJnickel component of the mixture functions primarily in its town capacity as a binder lo phase.
It is also known that tungsten reacts in the liquid phase with the boron carbide during sistering to form tungsten carbide an tungsten bride compounds, both of which are thicket to occur in several stoichiome~ric species. Tungsten, for example. is known to form WE, WACO and minor concentrations of other compounds.
Molybdenum likewise reacts with boron carbide to form various indefinitely-charac~eri~ed molybdenum carbide and molybdenum bride species.
Table 1 sets worth compositions, measured hardness values and densities for ten samples which were prepared by hot pressing from powders, as further described below.
In Table l, the weight percentages of the various teals which are presented in brackets represent the weight percent of each particular metal with respect to the total metal content of the sample: that is. excluding the boron carbide component. The weight percent ox total metal in the sample is given under the ovum titled "Total petal". Thus, for example, the first sample.
identified by the run number PA-6, contains I by weight boron carbide, with toe remaining 95% of the sample consisting of the eta tungsten, nickel and iron. Of the I of the sample which consists of these three metals, the proportions of tungsten, nickel and iron are 70~, 21% and 9% by weight, r~specti~aly.
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Toe samples presented in Tclble 1 were prepared from dry powdered precursor mixtures ox fine gained boron carbide and powders ox the elemental metals. The precursor mixtures were loaded into graphite dies and hot pressed at a temperature Or ~460C and a pressure 21 spa to form pressed cylinders approximately 20 long and 31.8 em in diameter. As indicated in Table 1 the measured densities of the pressed cylinders were each in excess ox 100~ of theoretical density bayed on simple mixtures of toe blended constituents.
Owe end of each cylinder was reduced by 0.5 mm and both ends were the ground flat. Rockwell A hardness tests were then conducted on the opposite ends of each cylinder; the results are presented in Table 1.
Another jet of ten samples, having the same copiousness as those set forth in Table 1, and made prom toe same precursor mixtures, were prepared by the method of cold fluid isostatic pressing followed by sistering at atmospheric pressure in hydrogen at 1460-1470C.
Sistering was conducted with a heaving rate ox Corey to minimize solid state reactions. This method of preparation was tried because it represents a more economical approach than the hot pressing method described above. However, toe results from the cold pressi~g/si~tering method were not as satisfactory as those from the hot pressing method. Only two ox the cold-pressed samples, those represented by run numbers PA-4 and PA-10, were pressed to wrier than 100% of theoretical density. One of these samples, PA-9 was determined to haze a Rockwell A hardness of 88.6.
e actual chemical nature of hard metal composition of the present mention it not well known, apart prom its bulk chemical compose. It is thought that the composition includes mixed metal carbides, metal brides and metal boro-carbides. It is speculated that the a sly principal contribution to hardness is due to the formation ox tungsten or molybdenum brides, boro-carbides and carbides, but further work is necessary to confirm this.
A major consequence of reducing the tungs~en/molybdenum convent Or the composition is a reduction in the density of Cue composition. This is a result of toe large difference in densities between, for example, tungsten tl9.3 g/cc) and nickel (8.9 q/cc). As iodide in Table lo the tungsten series of compositions 10 ranges in density from approximately 13.5 to 14.5 gag and the molybdenum series of oppositions ranges in density prom approximately 8.2 to 8.8 g/cc. With respect to toe latter series, it is noted that toe densities of the molybdenum compositions are approximately half that of the tungsten carbide composition currently used in tool bits and tire studs.
The foregoing description of preferred embodiments ox the invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention Jo toe precise for disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by toe claims appended hereto.
Claims (6)
1. A hard composition of matter having a Rockwell A hardness value of at least approximately 85, comprising the compressed and densified reaction product of:
a minor amount of a boron carbide component selected from the group consisting of (a) boron carbide and (b) boron and carbon, the boron and carbon being present in amounts sufficient to form boron carbide in situ, wherein said boron carbide component consists essentially of B4C:
a major amount of a metal mixture consisting essentially of:
(a) a first metal component selected from the group consisting of tungsten and molybdenum and mixtures thereof, and (b) a second metal component selected from the group consisting of nickel and iron and mixtures thereof;
wherein said minor amount of said boron carbide component is between 3% and 6% by weight of said composition of matter when said first metal component is tungsten, said minor amount of said boron carbide component is between 6% and 10% by weight of said composition when said first metal component is molybdenum, and said boron carbide component is between 3% and 10% when said first metal component is a mixture of tungsten and molybdenum, with the remainder of the composition being formed of said metal mixture; and wherein said first metal component is from 70% to less than about 90% by weight of said metal mixture when said first metal component is tungsten, and wherein said first metal component is from 72% to less than about 90% by weight of said metal mixture when said first metal component is molybdenum: with the remainder of said metal mixture in each case being formed of said second metal component, and wherein for hard compositions of matter with similar Rockwell A hardness properties when one unmixed said first metal component is totally substituted for the other unmixed said first metal component, the ratio of the moles of the unmixed first metal component to moles of boron carbide is held constant; and wherein for hard compositions of matter with similar Rockwell A
hardness properties when said first metal component is a mixture of tungsten and molybdenum, the sum of the number of moles of tungsten and molybdenum is held constant with respect to the number of moles of boron carbide.
a minor amount of a boron carbide component selected from the group consisting of (a) boron carbide and (b) boron and carbon, the boron and carbon being present in amounts sufficient to form boron carbide in situ, wherein said boron carbide component consists essentially of B4C:
a major amount of a metal mixture consisting essentially of:
(a) a first metal component selected from the group consisting of tungsten and molybdenum and mixtures thereof, and (b) a second metal component selected from the group consisting of nickel and iron and mixtures thereof;
wherein said minor amount of said boron carbide component is between 3% and 6% by weight of said composition of matter when said first metal component is tungsten, said minor amount of said boron carbide component is between 6% and 10% by weight of said composition when said first metal component is molybdenum, and said boron carbide component is between 3% and 10% when said first metal component is a mixture of tungsten and molybdenum, with the remainder of the composition being formed of said metal mixture; and wherein said first metal component is from 70% to less than about 90% by weight of said metal mixture when said first metal component is tungsten, and wherein said first metal component is from 72% to less than about 90% by weight of said metal mixture when said first metal component is molybdenum: with the remainder of said metal mixture in each case being formed of said second metal component, and wherein for hard compositions of matter with similar Rockwell A hardness properties when one unmixed said first metal component is totally substituted for the other unmixed said first metal component, the ratio of the moles of the unmixed first metal component to moles of boron carbide is held constant; and wherein for hard compositions of matter with similar Rockwell A
hardness properties when said first metal component is a mixture of tungsten and molybdenum, the sum of the number of moles of tungsten and molybdenum is held constant with respect to the number of moles of boron carbide.
2. The composition of matter defined in Claim 1 wherein said second metal component of said metal mixture consists of nickel in an amount of between 10% to 21% by weight of said metal mixture, and iron in an amount of between 0% and 9% of said metal mixture, and with the total of said iron and nickel amounts being not greater than 30% by weight of said metal mixture, when said first metal component is tungsten; and wherein said second metal component consists of nickel in an amount of between 9% and 20% by weight of said metal mixture, and iron in an amount of between 0% and 9% of said metal mixture, and with the total of said nickel and iron amounts being not greater than 28% by weight of said metal mixture, when said first metal component is molybdenum.
3. The composition of matter defined in Claim 2 wherein said second metal component of said metal mixture consists essentially of nickel.
4. A precursor mixture useful for forming a composition of matter having a Rockwell hardness of at least approximately 85, comprising:
minor amount of a boron carbide component selected from the group consisting of (a) boron carbide and (b) boron and carbon, the boron and carbon being present in amounts sufficient to form boron in situ, wherein said boron carbide component consists essentially of B4C;
a major amount of a metal mixture consisting essentially of:
(a) a first metal component selected from the group consisting of tungsten and molybdenum and mixtures thereof; and (b) a second metal component selected from the group consisting of nickel and iron and mixtures thereof;
wherein said minor amount of said boron carbide component is between 3% and 6% by weight of said composition of matter when said first metal component is tungsten, said minor amount of said boron carbide component is between 6% and 10% by weight of said composition when said first metal component is molybdenum, and said boron carbide component is between 3% and 10% when said first metal component is a mixture of tungsten and molybdenum, with the remainder of the composition being formed of said metal mixture; and wherein said first metal component is from 70% to less than about 90% by weight of said metal mixture when said first metal component is tungsten, and wherein said first metal component is from 72% to less than about 90% by weight of said metal mixture when said first metal component is molybdenum; with the remainder of said metal mixture in each case being formed of said second metal component, and wherein for hard compositions of matter with similar Rockwell A hardness properties when one unmixed said first metal component is totally substituted for the other unmixed said first metal component, the ratio of the moles of the unmixed first metal component to moles of boron carbide is held constant; and wherein for hard compositions of matter with similar Rockwell A hardness properties when said first metal component is a mixture of tungsten and molybdenum, the sum of the number of moles of tungsten and molybdenum is held constant with respect to the number of moles of boron carbide.
minor amount of a boron carbide component selected from the group consisting of (a) boron carbide and (b) boron and carbon, the boron and carbon being present in amounts sufficient to form boron in situ, wherein said boron carbide component consists essentially of B4C;
a major amount of a metal mixture consisting essentially of:
(a) a first metal component selected from the group consisting of tungsten and molybdenum and mixtures thereof; and (b) a second metal component selected from the group consisting of nickel and iron and mixtures thereof;
wherein said minor amount of said boron carbide component is between 3% and 6% by weight of said composition of matter when said first metal component is tungsten, said minor amount of said boron carbide component is between 6% and 10% by weight of said composition when said first metal component is molybdenum, and said boron carbide component is between 3% and 10% when said first metal component is a mixture of tungsten and molybdenum, with the remainder of the composition being formed of said metal mixture; and wherein said first metal component is from 70% to less than about 90% by weight of said metal mixture when said first metal component is tungsten, and wherein said first metal component is from 72% to less than about 90% by weight of said metal mixture when said first metal component is molybdenum; with the remainder of said metal mixture in each case being formed of said second metal component, and wherein for hard compositions of matter with similar Rockwell A hardness properties when one unmixed said first metal component is totally substituted for the other unmixed said first metal component, the ratio of the moles of the unmixed first metal component to moles of boron carbide is held constant; and wherein for hard compositions of matter with similar Rockwell A hardness properties when said first metal component is a mixture of tungsten and molybdenum, the sum of the number of moles of tungsten and molybdenum is held constant with respect to the number of moles of boron carbide.
5. The precursor mixture defined in Claim 4 wherein said second metal component of said metal mixture consists of nickel in an amount of between 10% to 21% by weight of said metal mixture, and iron in an amount of between 0% and 9% of said metal mixture, and with the total of said nickel and iron amounts being not greater than 30% by weight of said metal mixture, when said first metal component it tungsten; and wherein said second metal component consists of nickel in an amount of between 9% and 20% by weight of said metal mixture, and iron in an amount of between 0% and 9% of said metal mixture, and with the total of said iron and nickel amounts being not greater than 28% by weight of said metal mixture, when said first metal component is molybdenum.
6. The precursor mixture defined in Claim 4 wherein said second metal component of said metal mixture consists essentially of nickel.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US51753683A | 1983-07-26 | 1983-07-26 | |
| US517,536 | 1983-07-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1231561A true CA1231561A (en) | 1988-01-19 |
Family
ID=24060206
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000458450A Expired CA1231561A (en) | 1983-07-26 | 1984-07-09 | Hard metal composition |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6039145A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1231561A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3427649A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2549856B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2143847B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1178499B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE8403688L (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3519710A1 (en) * | 1985-06-01 | 1986-12-04 | Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh, 7500 Karlsruhe | MOLDED BODY WITH HIGH HARDNESS AND HIGH TOUGHNESS FOR THE PROCESSING OF METALS, HARD METALS, CERAMICS AND GLASSES |
| EP0204920B1 (en) * | 1985-06-01 | 1989-02-22 | Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh | Article with a high hardness and high tenacity for working metals, hard metals, ceramics and glasses |
| US8211203B2 (en) * | 2008-04-18 | 2012-07-03 | Smith International, Inc. | Matrix powder for matrix body fixed cutter bits |
| ES2628422T3 (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2017-08-02 | H.C. Starck Gmbh | FeNi binder with universal applicability |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1803189A (en) * | 1929-11-26 | 1931-04-28 | Gen Electric | Hard-metal composition |
| US3617349A (en) * | 1969-10-20 | 1971-11-02 | Ramsey Corp | A method of making antifriction piston rings |
| AT300386B (en) * | 1970-02-16 | 1972-07-25 | Metallwerk Plansee Ag & Co Kom | Material for extrusion dies |
| US4400213A (en) * | 1981-02-03 | 1983-08-23 | Haskell Sheinberg | Novel hard compositions and methods of preparation |
| JPS6057499B2 (en) * | 1981-10-19 | 1985-12-16 | 東洋鋼鈑株式会社 | hard sintered alloy |
-
1984
- 1984-07-05 GB GB08417160A patent/GB2143847B/en not_active Expired
- 1984-07-09 CA CA000458450A patent/CA1231561A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-07-12 SE SE8403688A patent/SE8403688L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1984-07-24 JP JP59153933A patent/JPS6039145A/en active Pending
- 1984-07-25 IT IT22028/84A patent/IT1178499B/en active
- 1984-07-25 FR FR848411792A patent/FR2549856B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-07-26 DE DE19843427649 patent/DE3427649A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2143847B (en) | 1986-09-24 |
| FR2549856A1 (en) | 1985-02-01 |
| GB8417160D0 (en) | 1984-08-08 |
| DE3427649A1 (en) | 1985-02-07 |
| GB2143847A (en) | 1985-02-20 |
| IT1178499B (en) | 1987-09-09 |
| JPS6039145A (en) | 1985-02-28 |
| IT8422028A0 (en) | 1984-07-25 |
| SE8403688L (en) | 1985-01-27 |
| SE8403688D0 (en) | 1984-07-12 |
| FR2549856B1 (en) | 1989-12-15 |
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| MKEX | Expiry |