CA1224641A - Device for stimulation of photoluminescence and the observation and analysis of the same - Google Patents
Device for stimulation of photoluminescence and the observation and analysis of the sameInfo
- Publication number
- CA1224641A CA1224641A CA000454852A CA454852A CA1224641A CA 1224641 A CA1224641 A CA 1224641A CA 000454852 A CA000454852 A CA 000454852A CA 454852 A CA454852 A CA 454852A CA 1224641 A CA1224641 A CA 1224641A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- light
- area
- ground surface
- transmitter
- laser
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V8/00—Prospecting or detecting by optical means
- G01V8/02—Prospecting
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
- G01N2021/6463—Optics
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/06—Illumination; Optics
- G01N2201/063—Illuminating optical parts
- G01N2201/0636—Reflectors
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
Abstract
- Abstract -A device for stimulation of photoluminescence and the observation and analysis of the same, which has a laser for the irradiation of a surface to be investigated, and an optical reception system, the optical axis of which runsin the emitted laser beam, and which casts the light of the stimulated fluores-cence on a light analyzer. As specified by the invention, the laser is positi-oned on the side of the optical reception system oriented towards the light ana-lyzer. The laser beam enters the optical exit axis of the optical reception sys-tem, and passes through it in a direction reverse from the light received from the fluorescing surface. The same ray path is used for the irradiation and reflect-ion of the fluorescing surface, so that the irradiated surface and the reflect-ed surface are always equally large.
Description
~2~
The invention concerns a device of the type designated within the higher concept of claim 1, for the stimulation of photoluminescence and the ob-servation of the same. An analysis of the results of observations can occur in various ways, and allows conclusions about the type of the luminescing substance, such as ore, for example. This is widely known, and is described, for example, in the book "Spectroscopy, Luminescence and Radiation Centers in Minerals", by A.S. Marfunin, Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, 1979.
: A device of the type under discussion is known from the firm Scintrex, 222 Snidercroft Road, Concord, Ontario, Canada, in which the stimulat-ion of the fluorescence occurs through an Excimer laser operating in the ultra-' `~Y~
~22aL~
violet range, of which a specific divergence oF rays is characteristic, on thebasis of which an enlargement of the cross-section of the beam occurs at increas-ing distance. This has a consequence that the size of the surface stimulated toluminescence is dependent on the distance of observation.
A telescope is used for observing the surface stimulated to luminescence. In order to attain coaxiality of the telescope with the emltted laser beam, a deflection mirror is provided on the beam entrance side, thus on the side of the telescope oriented to the irradiated surface, in the area of theoptical entrance axis, through which the beam of the laser is deflected from thelaterally positioned laser into the optical axis and directed ontQ the surface to be stimulated.
This known arrangement has the disadvantage that only at a com-pletely specific distance can it be attained, that the surFace irradiated and that observed by the optical reception system is equal. Because of the size of the cross-section of the laser beam, dependent on distance, the irradiated and the observed surface do not coincide at all distances.
Through DE 05 32 14 0~9, a spectral fluorometer of the type con-cerned is known, in which the light of the stimulated fluorescence fails on a concave grid of an optical reception system, from which the radiation is, in a specific manner, laterally reflected, and arrives in the laterally positioned parts of the reception optics. The concave grid has an aperture in its center, through which the beam of a laser, positioned behind the concave grid and provided with its own optics, strikes the surface to be investigated. This known spectral ~2~4~
fluorometer is thus constructed essentially similar to the known device previ-ously described, and thus has the same disadvantages.
Accordingly3 the task of the invention lies in creating a device of the type under discussion for st;mulating photoluminescence and for observ-ing the same, which makes possible an agreement between the surface irradiated and stimulated to luminescence, and of the surface observed.
This task, which serves as the basis of the invention, is solved through the patterns cited in the characteristics of patent claim 1. The basis of this pattern is the concept of providing optics for the emitted laser beam and for the received light, providing the same path of rays~ only in opposite directions, so that, on the light detector, independently of the distance of theluminescence surface, this surface is always directly reflected, and never more and never less. This even applies if the reception optics are adjusted, in order to more or less enlarge the laser beam, and to enlarge the irradiated surface, in order, for example, to thereby alter the energy density on the irradiated sur-face or even to simpl~ alter the size of this surface.
The laser can be positioned laterally from the optical exit axis of the reception optics, so that its beam is directed into the optical receptionsystem by means of an inclined dicroitic mirror positioned in the optical exit axis. This mirror thus reflects the light of the laser, and, on the other hand,lets through the light of the fluorescing surface, the wave lengths of which can, for example9 lie in the range of between 380 nm and 700 nm.
- s- ~2~
The reception optics system is a reflecting telescope, prefer-ably a Cassegrain telescope, in which the large concave mirror exhibits an aper-ture lying in the optical exit axis through which the light concentrated by a small concave mirror positioned opposite the large concave mirror exits.
Between the dicroitic mirror and the light detector, there is positioned an aperture~ the opening of which corresponds to the dimensions of the beam of the laser.
The invention should be explained in greater detail through an example of execution as depicted in the diagram.
Figure l shows an example of the device as specified by the in-vention with a f;rst adjustment of the reception optics;
and:
Figure 2 shows an example of execution with a second adjustment of the reception optics.
The device shown essentially schematically in figures l and 2 èxhibits ~ laser (l), the beam of which (2) is directed, by means of an inclin-ed dicroitic mirror (3) and by means of an opening aperture (4) in a large con-cave mirror (5), onto a small concave mirror (6) of a Cassegrain telescope (7).
The small concave mirror spreads the beam of the laser, and casts its light on the 1arge concave mirror (S), which reflects the light of the laser, projecting it onto a surface (8) indicated by the cross-hatching, which is thus stimulated to fluorescence. The outer limit of the light of the laser, after reflection - 6 ~ 6~
by the small concave mirror (6), is depicted by thick lines (9, 10), as well as (11, 12), whereby the direction of the light is indicated by the arrows (13, 14).
The light of the surface (8) stimulated to fluorescence arrives at the large concave mirror (5), from which it is directed to the small concave mirror (6), which produces a concentration of rays (15) indicated by the dotted line, which9 through the opening aperture (4), enters the dicroitic mirror (3) and a slit (16), into the light detector (17). The external rays of the light coming from the surface (8) are indicated by the dotted lines (18 to 21), where-by the direction is symbolized by arrows (22 to 24).
Figures 1 and 2 differ through this: in figure 1, the small con-cave mirror (6) is shifted in the direction of the arrow (25), so that the beam of the laser leaving the optic system is indicated; this is clear through the divergence of the lines (11, 12) to the surface (8).
In the case of figure 2, the small concave mirror (6) is displaced in the direction of the arrow (26), so that the emerging beam of the laser is concentrated, which is clear through the parallelity of the lines (11, 12) in figure 2. It is to be seen that the lines (18, 19), at each position of the small concave mirror (6), have the same course as the lines (Il, 12), so that the surface (8) stimulated to fluorescence has the same range as the surface viewed by the telescope (7).
The invention concerns a device of the type designated within the higher concept of claim 1, for the stimulation of photoluminescence and the ob-servation of the same. An analysis of the results of observations can occur in various ways, and allows conclusions about the type of the luminescing substance, such as ore, for example. This is widely known, and is described, for example, in the book "Spectroscopy, Luminescence and Radiation Centers in Minerals", by A.S. Marfunin, Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, 1979.
: A device of the type under discussion is known from the firm Scintrex, 222 Snidercroft Road, Concord, Ontario, Canada, in which the stimulat-ion of the fluorescence occurs through an Excimer laser operating in the ultra-' `~Y~
~22aL~
violet range, of which a specific divergence oF rays is characteristic, on thebasis of which an enlargement of the cross-section of the beam occurs at increas-ing distance. This has a consequence that the size of the surface stimulated toluminescence is dependent on the distance of observation.
A telescope is used for observing the surface stimulated to luminescence. In order to attain coaxiality of the telescope with the emltted laser beam, a deflection mirror is provided on the beam entrance side, thus on the side of the telescope oriented to the irradiated surface, in the area of theoptical entrance axis, through which the beam of the laser is deflected from thelaterally positioned laser into the optical axis and directed ontQ the surface to be stimulated.
This known arrangement has the disadvantage that only at a com-pletely specific distance can it be attained, that the surFace irradiated and that observed by the optical reception system is equal. Because of the size of the cross-section of the laser beam, dependent on distance, the irradiated and the observed surface do not coincide at all distances.
Through DE 05 32 14 0~9, a spectral fluorometer of the type con-cerned is known, in which the light of the stimulated fluorescence fails on a concave grid of an optical reception system, from which the radiation is, in a specific manner, laterally reflected, and arrives in the laterally positioned parts of the reception optics. The concave grid has an aperture in its center, through which the beam of a laser, positioned behind the concave grid and provided with its own optics, strikes the surface to be investigated. This known spectral ~2~4~
fluorometer is thus constructed essentially similar to the known device previ-ously described, and thus has the same disadvantages.
Accordingly3 the task of the invention lies in creating a device of the type under discussion for st;mulating photoluminescence and for observ-ing the same, which makes possible an agreement between the surface irradiated and stimulated to luminescence, and of the surface observed.
This task, which serves as the basis of the invention, is solved through the patterns cited in the characteristics of patent claim 1. The basis of this pattern is the concept of providing optics for the emitted laser beam and for the received light, providing the same path of rays~ only in opposite directions, so that, on the light detector, independently of the distance of theluminescence surface, this surface is always directly reflected, and never more and never less. This even applies if the reception optics are adjusted, in order to more or less enlarge the laser beam, and to enlarge the irradiated surface, in order, for example, to thereby alter the energy density on the irradiated sur-face or even to simpl~ alter the size of this surface.
The laser can be positioned laterally from the optical exit axis of the reception optics, so that its beam is directed into the optical receptionsystem by means of an inclined dicroitic mirror positioned in the optical exit axis. This mirror thus reflects the light of the laser, and, on the other hand,lets through the light of the fluorescing surface, the wave lengths of which can, for example9 lie in the range of between 380 nm and 700 nm.
- s- ~2~
The reception optics system is a reflecting telescope, prefer-ably a Cassegrain telescope, in which the large concave mirror exhibits an aper-ture lying in the optical exit axis through which the light concentrated by a small concave mirror positioned opposite the large concave mirror exits.
Between the dicroitic mirror and the light detector, there is positioned an aperture~ the opening of which corresponds to the dimensions of the beam of the laser.
The invention should be explained in greater detail through an example of execution as depicted in the diagram.
Figure l shows an example of the device as specified by the in-vention with a f;rst adjustment of the reception optics;
and:
Figure 2 shows an example of execution with a second adjustment of the reception optics.
The device shown essentially schematically in figures l and 2 èxhibits ~ laser (l), the beam of which (2) is directed, by means of an inclin-ed dicroitic mirror (3) and by means of an opening aperture (4) in a large con-cave mirror (5), onto a small concave mirror (6) of a Cassegrain telescope (7).
The small concave mirror spreads the beam of the laser, and casts its light on the 1arge concave mirror (S), which reflects the light of the laser, projecting it onto a surface (8) indicated by the cross-hatching, which is thus stimulated to fluorescence. The outer limit of the light of the laser, after reflection - 6 ~ 6~
by the small concave mirror (6), is depicted by thick lines (9, 10), as well as (11, 12), whereby the direction of the light is indicated by the arrows (13, 14).
The light of the surface (8) stimulated to fluorescence arrives at the large concave mirror (5), from which it is directed to the small concave mirror (6), which produces a concentration of rays (15) indicated by the dotted line, which9 through the opening aperture (4), enters the dicroitic mirror (3) and a slit (16), into the light detector (17). The external rays of the light coming from the surface (8) are indicated by the dotted lines (18 to 21), where-by the direction is symbolized by arrows (22 to 24).
Figures 1 and 2 differ through this: in figure 1, the small con-cave mirror (6) is shifted in the direction of the arrow (25), so that the beam of the laser leaving the optic system is indicated; this is clear through the divergence of the lines (11, 12) to the surface (8).
In the case of figure 2, the small concave mirror (6) is displaced in the direction of the arrow (26), so that the emerging beam of the laser is concentrated, which is clear through the parallelity of the lines (11, 12) in figure 2. It is to be seen that the lines (18, 19), at each position of the small concave mirror (6), have the same course as the lines (Il, 12), so that the surface (8) stimulated to fluorescence has the same range as the surface viewed by the telescope (7).
Claims (14)
OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. In a device for prospecting the ground remotely for mineral deposits by means of a laser which emits a beam and irradiates an area of ground surface to stimulate the area of ground surface to fluoresce light; the improvement comprising an optical transmitter and receiver system facilitating the irradiation and observation of a substantially identical area of ground surface, said system defining a common central optical path wherein the beam of such laser enters said system and passes through said system along said optical path and thereafter irradiates the area of ground surface, and wherein said system receives fluoresce light from the stimulated area of ground surface and passes the fluoresce light in a direction reverse to the direction of the beam through said system whereby the fluoresce light received from the surface and passed through said system corresponds with the irradiated surface.
2. In a device as claimed in Claim 1, wherein said laser is positioned laterally from said optical path of said transmitter and receiver system and said beam of said laser is directed into said transmitter and receiver system by means of an inclined dichroic reflector positioned in said optical path between a light detector and said transmitter and receiver system, said light detector converting said light fluoresced by said area of ground into an electric signal.
3. In a device as claimed in Claim 1, wherein said optical transmitter and receiver system comprises a reflecting telescope.
4. In a device as claimed in Claim 3, wherein said reflecting telescope is a Cassegrain telescope.
5. In a device as claimed in Claim 3, in which said reflecting telescope compensates for inherent divergence of said laser beam, expanding and collimating said laser beam simultaneously and wherein said reflecting telescope condenses said received light from said area of ground surface.
6. In a device as claimed in Claim 5, wherein said reflecting telescope includes a large and small mirror and wherein said small mirror is adjustable along said optical path for modification of said irradiated and observed area of said ground surface.
7. In a device as claimed in Claim 2, wherein said laser beam defines a cross-sectional dimension and wherein said device further includes a screen having an aperture positioned between said dichroic reflector and said light detector, said aperture corresponding in size to said cross sectional dimension of said laser beam at said dichroic reflector.
8. A device for stimulating and sensing photoluminescence in order to prospect the ground remotely for mineral desposits comprising, in combination:
an excimer laser for emitting a beam, irradiating an area of ground surface, and stimulating said area of ground surface to fluoresce light;
a light detector for converting said light fluoresced by said area of ground surface into an electric signal; and an optical transmitter and receiver system disposed between said light detector and said ground surface, said system facilitating the irradiation and observation of a substantially identical area of ground surface, said system defining a central optical path and characterized in that said excimer laser beam enters said optical path of said transmitter and receiver system between the said light detector and said transmitter and receiver system and transverses through said system in reverse direction from said light received by said system from said area of ground surface.
an excimer laser for emitting a beam, irradiating an area of ground surface, and stimulating said area of ground surface to fluoresce light;
a light detector for converting said light fluoresced by said area of ground surface into an electric signal; and an optical transmitter and receiver system disposed between said light detector and said ground surface, said system facilitating the irradiation and observation of a substantially identical area of ground surface, said system defining a central optical path and characterized in that said excimer laser beam enters said optical path of said transmitter and receiver system between the said light detector and said transmitter and receiver system and transverses through said system in reverse direction from said light received by said system from said area of ground surface.
9. The device of Claim 8, wherein said laser is positioned laterally from said optical path of said transmitter and receiver system, and said beam of said laser is directed into said transmitter and receiver system by means of an inclined dichroic reflector positioned in said optical path between said light detector and said transmitter and receiver system.
10. The device of Claim 8, wherein said optical transmitter and receiver system comprises a reflecting telescope.
11. The device of Claim 10, wherein said reflecting telescope is a Cassegrain telescope.
12. The device of Claim 10, in which said reflecting telescope compensates for inherent divergence of said excimer laser beam, expanding and collimating said excimer laser beam simultaneously, and wherein said reflecting telescope condenses said received light from said area of ground surface.
13. The device of Claim 12, wherein said reflecting telescope includes a large and small mirror, and wherein said small mirror is adjustable along said optical path for modification of said irradiated and observed area of said ground surface.
14. The device of Claim 9, wherein said laser beam defines a cross-sectional dimension and wherein said device further includes a screen having an aperture positioned between said dichroic reflector and said light detector, said aperture corresponding in size to said cross-sectional dimension of said laser beam at said dichroic reflector.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP3318376.7 | 1983-05-20 | ||
| DE3318376A DE3318376C1 (en) | 1983-05-20 | 1983-05-20 | Device for exciting photoluminescence and for observing the same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1224641A true CA1224641A (en) | 1987-07-28 |
Family
ID=6199464
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000454852A Expired CA1224641A (en) | 1983-05-20 | 1984-05-22 | Device for stimulation of photoluminescence and the observation and analysis of the same |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU565642B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1224641A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3318376C1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA843607B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8800583D0 (en) * | 1988-01-12 | 1988-03-23 | British Petroleum Co Plc | Remote sensing system |
| EP0450305A1 (en) * | 1990-03-17 | 1991-10-09 | Dornier Gmbh | Sensor with optical fibre |
| DE4341462C2 (en) * | 1993-11-30 | 1999-02-11 | Hartmut Dr Rer Nat Lucht | Method for determining the material composition of samples and device for carrying out the method |
| US6236456B1 (en) | 1998-08-18 | 2001-05-22 | Molecular Devices Corporation | Optical system for a scanning fluorometer |
| DE102004016361B4 (en) * | 2004-04-01 | 2006-07-06 | Cybio Ag | Optical analyzer for fluorescence measurements on multiprobe carriers |
| CN103217678B (en) * | 2013-04-01 | 2015-01-07 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Laser radar receiving system |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS50109781A (en) * | 1974-02-06 | 1975-08-29 | ||
| DD159567B1 (en) * | 1981-06-10 | 1986-08-13 | Akad Wissenschaften Ddr | spectrofluorometer |
-
1983
- 1983-05-20 DE DE3318376A patent/DE3318376C1/en not_active Expired
-
1984
- 1984-05-14 ZA ZA843607A patent/ZA843607B/en unknown
- 1984-05-21 AU AU28428/84A patent/AU565642B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1984-05-22 CA CA000454852A patent/CA1224641A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2842884A (en) | 1984-11-22 |
| ZA843607B (en) | 1984-12-24 |
| DE3318376C1 (en) | 1985-01-03 |
| AU565642B2 (en) | 1987-09-24 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |