CA1221537A - Method of and apparatus for holding live fish and the like - Google Patents
Method of and apparatus for holding live fish and the likeInfo
- Publication number
- CA1221537A CA1221537A CA000449906A CA449906A CA1221537A CA 1221537 A CA1221537 A CA 1221537A CA 000449906 A CA000449906 A CA 000449906A CA 449906 A CA449906 A CA 449906A CA 1221537 A CA1221537 A CA 1221537A
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- fish
- water
- oxygen
- layer
- flat surface
- Prior art date
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- Packging For Living Organisms, Food Or Medicinal Products That Are Sensitive To Environmental Conditiond (AREA)
Abstract
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR
HOLDING LIVE FISH AND THE LIKE
Abstract of Disclosure This disclosure is concerned with the very shallow-water holding of live fish on flat trays in a dry oxygen-saturated atmosphere to obviate the requirement of large volumes of water, and special compartments, especially, though not only, in transport applications.
HOLDING LIVE FISH AND THE LIKE
Abstract of Disclosure This disclosure is concerned with the very shallow-water holding of live fish on flat trays in a dry oxygen-saturated atmosphere to obviate the requirement of large volumes of water, and special compartments, especially, though not only, in transport applications.
Description
12~537 .
I.IETHOD OF hND APPARATUS FOR
HOLDING LIVE FISH ~ND THE LIXE
The present invention relates to the holding of live fish, such as salmonoids and the like (though the term "fish~ is herein used in a more generic sense, inclu-ding a wide variety of fish species and also crustacea ex-hibiting simllar llfe-support requirements), being more par-ticularly directed to obviating the requirement for large volumes o~ water in any of storage, temporary holding, and transportation applications.
Underlying the invention is the discovery that it is not necessary to employ large tanks and volumes of water, often.~ oxygenated as during tank.transport, to keep massive quantitites of fish alive and well. In the area of transpor-tation, the weight of such large water volumes is generally many time~ that o~ the fish, and is thus costly and bulky at best. Similar remarks apply too.th.er fish-holding needs, including temporary or more-permanent storage.
While it has previouSly been proposed, as in.V.S.
Letters Patent 2,680,242, to try to preserve and transport fish in individual shallow water trays, one to a fish, with the aid of a moisture-ladened air atmosphere above the water layer in the tray, such a structure is clearly not adapted to 1221~i37 the transport of large numbers of unconf ined fish and is severely limited in time of effective use~by the oxygen limitation in ~he moisturized atmosphere above the water level In such a system, the moisture proviaes the only oxy-gen through the gills for the life-support of the fish, once the.oxygen present in the ~hin water.layers has been consumed.
In accordance with the present invention, to the contrary, _ reliance is not placed upon the gills utilizing oxygen-ladened moisture above the water layer. To the contrary, it has been discovered that _hrough keeping the medium above a thin water layer free of moisture by using substantially super-saturated oxygen throughout that medium in dry state, and by unconfining the fish so that there are many fish, side-by-side in a single thin water layer on the resting surface, the àgitation by the fish themselves will continually insure the mixing of the oxygen from the medium above the water layer into the water layer, continually mixing in or replenishing oxygen therein.
This has been found to enable the fish to derive that oxygen through the dampening of the gills by the water of the layer alone--the continual agitation as well as the adjacent agitation of the multiplicity of fish in the same water layer insuring the continual mixing and supply of oxygen in the thin water layer. Vnder such circumstances, as later explained, it has been discovered that an almost indefinite life-support system is provided~
Conditions found essential to practice the inven-tion involve maintaining the fish laterally spread out over preferably a substantially flat area, but preferably sub-stantially side-by-side and end-to-end, touching ox almost touching, ~nder circumstances where their gills are suscep-tible to continual wetting (with fresh water, for example, in the case of small salmonoids), and with the flat area sealed wi~hin a dry oxygen-saturated atmosphere. Under this set of conditions, it has been discovered that the level of water in which-the fish rest upon the flat area can be very low; indeed, being adjustable from only a substantial fraction of the height of the fish to a value corresponding to the height or somewhat greater--a range herein defined as substantialiy ~comparable~ to such height. This condition, it has been found, startlingly allows the fish continuously to absorb .
oxygen and thrive without being immersed in and released for~
swimming about a larger water volume since the fish, in their continual movement and agltation, keep splashing the thin water layer and thereby mixing the supersaturated oxygen into the water. With such a packed array of side-by-side fish, nearly every region of the thin water layer is in continual mixing turmoil as the fish move, insuring uniform and continual oxygen replenishment in the water. The fish are automatically restrain-ed from substantial vertical movement and are confined to rest-ing and turniny on the planar area in an entirely adequate life support system.
In summary, the present invention may be con-sidered as providing a method of holding live fish, that comprises, resting the fish on a substantially flat surface in substantially side-by-side relationship, enveloplng the surface with a dry oxygen-saturated atmosphere, and intro-ducing a shallow water layer upon the surface sufficient to maintain the fish gills continuously damp as the fish change position continually to mix oxygen into the shallow layer and thereby provide life-supporting utilization of the oxygen.
The above method may be carried out by an appara-tus for holding live fish having, in combination, substanti-ally flat surface means upon which the fish may rest in close side-by-side relationship; means for maintaining a shallow layer of water upon the surface sufficient to main-tain the fish gills continuously damp as the fish change position on the flat surface means; a housing enveloping the flat surface means and its shallow water layer; and means for maintaining within the housing a dry oxygen-saturated atmosphere contacting the layer to permit the fish life-supporting utilization of the oxygen mixed into the shallow layer of water by agitation of adjacent fish.
The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanyi.ng drawings, Fig. 1 of which is an iso-metric view of a slmple carrying apparatus employing the discovery of the invention; and lcm/MAB
..
Fig. 2 is a partially isometric view of a pre-ferred apparatus for practicing the process underlying the invention on a larger scale.
Referring to Fig. 1, a very simple carrying appa-ratus is illustrated demonstrating the underlying discovery and method of the invention, and useful for hand-carrying a small quantity of s~all fish su~h 2S salmonoid fry or parr or the like~ The fish are shown resting substantially side-by-side and end-to-end in corrugations or ridges of a substan-tially flat or planar tray T covered by a very shallow water layer L, barely covering the fish and sufficient only to main-tain the gills continuously damp, disposed within an enveloping transparent plastic bag housing B, as of polyethelene or the like into which pressurized oxygen "P.Ox." has been introduced, with the bag sealed at S.- The term substantially "flat" as used herein is intended to embrace somewhat curved surfaces as .
well.
This simple apparatus satisfies the before-mentioned conditions for the practice of the invention, confining the fish along the substantially planar-tray T, keeping the gills continuously moist, with the fish able to roll, splash or otherwise change position in the shallow water layer, and in contact with the dry oxygen-saturated atmosphere within the housing B that sustains life support as the fish keep, in effect, ~22~
. .
pumping oxygen into the thin water layer as they agitate and, of course, utilize the oxygen mixed into the water.
The use of the illustrated corrugations or ridges helps keep the fish upright and keep them distributed substantially side-by-side and end-to-end over the flat surface of the planar tray; though a totally smooth top surface of the flat tray has also been found to work as a result of the fish inherently spreading themselves out and slightly separate from one another over the surface.
By virtue of the fact that there are a multipli-city of fish in the same very shallow water layer, this in-sures sufficient continual position changing and movement of the fish continually to replenish oxygen from the relatlvely dry oxygen saturated atmosphere within the housin~; the oxygen being continually forced into the shallow water layer by the agitati:on of the fish so that the moisture from that layer taken u~ by the gills is always supplied with life~support oxygen. . . -The difference in weight and ease for so hand-trans-porting fish with such a small quantity of water (generally weighing less than the fish), as compared with the use of water tanks, is impressive. As an example, 16 ounces of sal-mon parr have been successfully so transported in a period of over 24 hours in less than a half a pint of water--the water layer barely covering the fish; and this, as contrasted with the normal technique of transporting a gallon of water for each pound of fish. In other similar tests for determining how shallow a water level in contact with the oxyqen satura-ted atmosphere above the planar tray is actually needed, 3 gram salmon parr (6 to 7 cm. in length) were successfully held for half a day~ on a G-inch tray in ~he apparatus of Fig. 1 with only 100 milliliters of water, which extended only about one-auarter the height of the fish. The fish were in excellent condition at the end of the test, which included both transportation and stationary holding.
It has been found preferable to avoid fish body waste contamination effects, in view of the shallow water -levels- employed in accordance with the invention, by withhold~
ing food from the ish for abollt two days bef~re introductio~
into the holding apparatus. ---In Fig. 2, a larger apparatus is illustrated com-prising a plurality of flat trays T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, etc.
constructed in vertically stacked spaced relationship within a close~ housing H. The right-most cor~ers of the tray sec-tions are shown provided with respective inlet pipes Il, I2, I3, I4, etc. for-loading and unloading fish, such as the be-fore mentioned salmon fry, parr or smolt or the like, which, as another example, are to be transported to a sea-side grow-ing site from a hatchery. Clearly other types of fish may also l;~Z~:537 be so transported; or the housing H may be a more permanent holding station, as desired.
The uppermost tray Tl has a left-hand opening l communicating water flow with the next lower tray section T2; and the third tray T3 similarly communicates at a left-hand opening 03 with its next lower tray section T4. Each of trays T2 and Tg~ on the other hand, have opposite end (right-hand~ openings 2 and 04 respectively communicating water flow with the tray sections T3 and T5. The tray T5 has a perforated filter 1 therein at lts left-hand section, communicating with a water-sump section 3 disposed therebelow and to the;left of a false bottom section 5 containing a battery or other powered water pump, so-labelled, communica-tirg with t~e sump for purposes later explain~d.
In operation, the tray sections are individually fille~ (as by a funnel at the inlets Il-I4)~with water carrying the desired number of fish for each tray. As before stated, the trays may have ridges or be perfectly flat. The filling continues for each successive tray section, with the inlets then ~eing sealed off by, for example, screw-threaded gas-tight caps Inot shown). With the housing H thus comple-tely filled with water and the individual tray sections each contain;ng the desired number of fish, the sump 3 will be filled as a result of flow communication through the filter screen l, in the bottom tray section T5. Oxygen under slight pressure (say l~ atmosphere or greater) is then introduced into the inner tube 5 within an overflow pipe S' and bubbles upward through the water in the sump 3, through the perforations in the filter screen 1 and through the com-municating openings 1-4 to the inner top region of the housing H at the top of the uppermost tray section T1. As the oxygen builds up, it forces water up and out of the over-flow pipe 5' t~ the level of the bottom of the pipe in the sump 3. The dashed lines schematically show the subsequent pumping of the sump water into the top tray at 7 and then through the successive tray openings 1-4 at successfully .
opposite ends of the successive trays Tl-T4, with water flow-ing in opposite directions along successive trays. The oxygen inlet-tube S is then removed an~ the overflow pipe 5' is . .
closed~àt the top with, for example, a gas-tight screw cap.
The oxygen in the housing H is now dry and trapped under slight pressure depending upon the level of water up the overflow pipe-5'. The pump then either continuously or at periodic intervals maintains the sump volume to~correspond to the water level required to cover or partly cover the fish resting on each of the planar trays Tl-T4, and in contact with the envelop-~2Z153~
ing saturated oxygen atmosphere. The water is thus circula-ted over the trays at the desired shallow levels~
~ fter the fish have been held and/or transported as desired, they are readily rem~ved by uncapping the inlets Il-I4, tipping the housing H and, by vir.tue of this construc-tion, readily guiding the fish to the right-hand corner. for emptying The housing H, of course, can be carried hy a vehicle small compared to the tank trucks required by the present-day techniq~les.
The only way, however, to insure reliable pumping action at all times and over the whole tray for mixing the super-saturated oxygen into the water layer for contlnual oxygen replenishment is to have a large numbe~ of contiguous "pumpsn--i.e. a large number of fish packed substantially side-by-side and end-to-end in the same water layer able to communi-cate their disturbances to adjacent.regions of the water layer.
.This may ;also explain why, as before stated, a thinner layer extending only one-quarter the height of the fish can be used, still with the insurance that there will always be enough oxygen-forced to be absorbed into the water layer for life-support.
As a further example of the unusual holding capacity and novel oxygen-mixing technique of the invention, it has - 12~1537 : been found that salmon fry can be placed side-by-side and al-most end-to-end on a planar tray (slightly longitudinally ridged or even flat) with a water layer as before described - only a quarter or half the height of the fish--permitting, ~or example, four one-inch fry per square inch of tray, Further modifications will also occur to those -skilled in this art, and such are considered to fall within the spirit-and,scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
.
., ,
I.IETHOD OF hND APPARATUS FOR
HOLDING LIVE FISH ~ND THE LIXE
The present invention relates to the holding of live fish, such as salmonoids and the like (though the term "fish~ is herein used in a more generic sense, inclu-ding a wide variety of fish species and also crustacea ex-hibiting simllar llfe-support requirements), being more par-ticularly directed to obviating the requirement for large volumes o~ water in any of storage, temporary holding, and transportation applications.
Underlying the invention is the discovery that it is not necessary to employ large tanks and volumes of water, often.~ oxygenated as during tank.transport, to keep massive quantitites of fish alive and well. In the area of transpor-tation, the weight of such large water volumes is generally many time~ that o~ the fish, and is thus costly and bulky at best. Similar remarks apply too.th.er fish-holding needs, including temporary or more-permanent storage.
While it has previouSly been proposed, as in.V.S.
Letters Patent 2,680,242, to try to preserve and transport fish in individual shallow water trays, one to a fish, with the aid of a moisture-ladened air atmosphere above the water layer in the tray, such a structure is clearly not adapted to 1221~i37 the transport of large numbers of unconf ined fish and is severely limited in time of effective use~by the oxygen limitation in ~he moisturized atmosphere above the water level In such a system, the moisture proviaes the only oxy-gen through the gills for the life-support of the fish, once the.oxygen present in the ~hin water.layers has been consumed.
In accordance with the present invention, to the contrary, _ reliance is not placed upon the gills utilizing oxygen-ladened moisture above the water layer. To the contrary, it has been discovered that _hrough keeping the medium above a thin water layer free of moisture by using substantially super-saturated oxygen throughout that medium in dry state, and by unconfining the fish so that there are many fish, side-by-side in a single thin water layer on the resting surface, the àgitation by the fish themselves will continually insure the mixing of the oxygen from the medium above the water layer into the water layer, continually mixing in or replenishing oxygen therein.
This has been found to enable the fish to derive that oxygen through the dampening of the gills by the water of the layer alone--the continual agitation as well as the adjacent agitation of the multiplicity of fish in the same water layer insuring the continual mixing and supply of oxygen in the thin water layer. Vnder such circumstances, as later explained, it has been discovered that an almost indefinite life-support system is provided~
Conditions found essential to practice the inven-tion involve maintaining the fish laterally spread out over preferably a substantially flat area, but preferably sub-stantially side-by-side and end-to-end, touching ox almost touching, ~nder circumstances where their gills are suscep-tible to continual wetting (with fresh water, for example, in the case of small salmonoids), and with the flat area sealed wi~hin a dry oxygen-saturated atmosphere. Under this set of conditions, it has been discovered that the level of water in which-the fish rest upon the flat area can be very low; indeed, being adjustable from only a substantial fraction of the height of the fish to a value corresponding to the height or somewhat greater--a range herein defined as substantialiy ~comparable~ to such height. This condition, it has been found, startlingly allows the fish continuously to absorb .
oxygen and thrive without being immersed in and released for~
swimming about a larger water volume since the fish, in their continual movement and agltation, keep splashing the thin water layer and thereby mixing the supersaturated oxygen into the water. With such a packed array of side-by-side fish, nearly every region of the thin water layer is in continual mixing turmoil as the fish move, insuring uniform and continual oxygen replenishment in the water. The fish are automatically restrain-ed from substantial vertical movement and are confined to rest-ing and turniny on the planar area in an entirely adequate life support system.
In summary, the present invention may be con-sidered as providing a method of holding live fish, that comprises, resting the fish on a substantially flat surface in substantially side-by-side relationship, enveloplng the surface with a dry oxygen-saturated atmosphere, and intro-ducing a shallow water layer upon the surface sufficient to maintain the fish gills continuously damp as the fish change position continually to mix oxygen into the shallow layer and thereby provide life-supporting utilization of the oxygen.
The above method may be carried out by an appara-tus for holding live fish having, in combination, substanti-ally flat surface means upon which the fish may rest in close side-by-side relationship; means for maintaining a shallow layer of water upon the surface sufficient to main-tain the fish gills continuously damp as the fish change position on the flat surface means; a housing enveloping the flat surface means and its shallow water layer; and means for maintaining within the housing a dry oxygen-saturated atmosphere contacting the layer to permit the fish life-supporting utilization of the oxygen mixed into the shallow layer of water by agitation of adjacent fish.
The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanyi.ng drawings, Fig. 1 of which is an iso-metric view of a slmple carrying apparatus employing the discovery of the invention; and lcm/MAB
..
Fig. 2 is a partially isometric view of a pre-ferred apparatus for practicing the process underlying the invention on a larger scale.
Referring to Fig. 1, a very simple carrying appa-ratus is illustrated demonstrating the underlying discovery and method of the invention, and useful for hand-carrying a small quantity of s~all fish su~h 2S salmonoid fry or parr or the like~ The fish are shown resting substantially side-by-side and end-to-end in corrugations or ridges of a substan-tially flat or planar tray T covered by a very shallow water layer L, barely covering the fish and sufficient only to main-tain the gills continuously damp, disposed within an enveloping transparent plastic bag housing B, as of polyethelene or the like into which pressurized oxygen "P.Ox." has been introduced, with the bag sealed at S.- The term substantially "flat" as used herein is intended to embrace somewhat curved surfaces as .
well.
This simple apparatus satisfies the before-mentioned conditions for the practice of the invention, confining the fish along the substantially planar-tray T, keeping the gills continuously moist, with the fish able to roll, splash or otherwise change position in the shallow water layer, and in contact with the dry oxygen-saturated atmosphere within the housing B that sustains life support as the fish keep, in effect, ~22~
. .
pumping oxygen into the thin water layer as they agitate and, of course, utilize the oxygen mixed into the water.
The use of the illustrated corrugations or ridges helps keep the fish upright and keep them distributed substantially side-by-side and end-to-end over the flat surface of the planar tray; though a totally smooth top surface of the flat tray has also been found to work as a result of the fish inherently spreading themselves out and slightly separate from one another over the surface.
By virtue of the fact that there are a multipli-city of fish in the same very shallow water layer, this in-sures sufficient continual position changing and movement of the fish continually to replenish oxygen from the relatlvely dry oxygen saturated atmosphere within the housin~; the oxygen being continually forced into the shallow water layer by the agitati:on of the fish so that the moisture from that layer taken u~ by the gills is always supplied with life~support oxygen. . . -The difference in weight and ease for so hand-trans-porting fish with such a small quantity of water (generally weighing less than the fish), as compared with the use of water tanks, is impressive. As an example, 16 ounces of sal-mon parr have been successfully so transported in a period of over 24 hours in less than a half a pint of water--the water layer barely covering the fish; and this, as contrasted with the normal technique of transporting a gallon of water for each pound of fish. In other similar tests for determining how shallow a water level in contact with the oxyqen satura-ted atmosphere above the planar tray is actually needed, 3 gram salmon parr (6 to 7 cm. in length) were successfully held for half a day~ on a G-inch tray in ~he apparatus of Fig. 1 with only 100 milliliters of water, which extended only about one-auarter the height of the fish. The fish were in excellent condition at the end of the test, which included both transportation and stationary holding.
It has been found preferable to avoid fish body waste contamination effects, in view of the shallow water -levels- employed in accordance with the invention, by withhold~
ing food from the ish for abollt two days bef~re introductio~
into the holding apparatus. ---In Fig. 2, a larger apparatus is illustrated com-prising a plurality of flat trays T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, etc.
constructed in vertically stacked spaced relationship within a close~ housing H. The right-most cor~ers of the tray sec-tions are shown provided with respective inlet pipes Il, I2, I3, I4, etc. for-loading and unloading fish, such as the be-fore mentioned salmon fry, parr or smolt or the like, which, as another example, are to be transported to a sea-side grow-ing site from a hatchery. Clearly other types of fish may also l;~Z~:537 be so transported; or the housing H may be a more permanent holding station, as desired.
The uppermost tray Tl has a left-hand opening l communicating water flow with the next lower tray section T2; and the third tray T3 similarly communicates at a left-hand opening 03 with its next lower tray section T4. Each of trays T2 and Tg~ on the other hand, have opposite end (right-hand~ openings 2 and 04 respectively communicating water flow with the tray sections T3 and T5. The tray T5 has a perforated filter 1 therein at lts left-hand section, communicating with a water-sump section 3 disposed therebelow and to the;left of a false bottom section 5 containing a battery or other powered water pump, so-labelled, communica-tirg with t~e sump for purposes later explain~d.
In operation, the tray sections are individually fille~ (as by a funnel at the inlets Il-I4)~with water carrying the desired number of fish for each tray. As before stated, the trays may have ridges or be perfectly flat. The filling continues for each successive tray section, with the inlets then ~eing sealed off by, for example, screw-threaded gas-tight caps Inot shown). With the housing H thus comple-tely filled with water and the individual tray sections each contain;ng the desired number of fish, the sump 3 will be filled as a result of flow communication through the filter screen l, in the bottom tray section T5. Oxygen under slight pressure (say l~ atmosphere or greater) is then introduced into the inner tube 5 within an overflow pipe S' and bubbles upward through the water in the sump 3, through the perforations in the filter screen 1 and through the com-municating openings 1-4 to the inner top region of the housing H at the top of the uppermost tray section T1. As the oxygen builds up, it forces water up and out of the over-flow pipe 5' t~ the level of the bottom of the pipe in the sump 3. The dashed lines schematically show the subsequent pumping of the sump water into the top tray at 7 and then through the successive tray openings 1-4 at successfully .
opposite ends of the successive trays Tl-T4, with water flow-ing in opposite directions along successive trays. The oxygen inlet-tube S is then removed an~ the overflow pipe 5' is . .
closed~àt the top with, for example, a gas-tight screw cap.
The oxygen in the housing H is now dry and trapped under slight pressure depending upon the level of water up the overflow pipe-5'. The pump then either continuously or at periodic intervals maintains the sump volume to~correspond to the water level required to cover or partly cover the fish resting on each of the planar trays Tl-T4, and in contact with the envelop-~2Z153~
ing saturated oxygen atmosphere. The water is thus circula-ted over the trays at the desired shallow levels~
~ fter the fish have been held and/or transported as desired, they are readily rem~ved by uncapping the inlets Il-I4, tipping the housing H and, by vir.tue of this construc-tion, readily guiding the fish to the right-hand corner. for emptying The housing H, of course, can be carried hy a vehicle small compared to the tank trucks required by the present-day techniq~les.
The only way, however, to insure reliable pumping action at all times and over the whole tray for mixing the super-saturated oxygen into the water layer for contlnual oxygen replenishment is to have a large numbe~ of contiguous "pumpsn--i.e. a large number of fish packed substantially side-by-side and end-to-end in the same water layer able to communi-cate their disturbances to adjacent.regions of the water layer.
.This may ;also explain why, as before stated, a thinner layer extending only one-quarter the height of the fish can be used, still with the insurance that there will always be enough oxygen-forced to be absorbed into the water layer for life-support.
As a further example of the unusual holding capacity and novel oxygen-mixing technique of the invention, it has - 12~1537 : been found that salmon fry can be placed side-by-side and al-most end-to-end on a planar tray (slightly longitudinally ridged or even flat) with a water layer as before described - only a quarter or half the height of the fish--permitting, ~or example, four one-inch fry per square inch of tray, Further modifications will also occur to those -skilled in this art, and such are considered to fall within the spirit-and,scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
.
., ,
Claims (10)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method of holding live fish, that comprises, resting the fish on a substantially flat surface in sub-stantially side-by-side relationship, enveloping the surface with a dry oxygen-saturated atmosphere, and introducing a shallow water layer upon the surface sufficient to maintain the fish gills continuously damp as the fish change position continually to mix oxygen into the shallow layer and there-by provide life-supporting utilization of the oxygen.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 and in which the layer of water is adjusted to a level substantially comparable to the height of the fish.
3. A method as claimed in claim 2 and in which said level is a fraction of said height.
4. A method as claimed in claim 1 and in which the shallow water layer is changed from time to time to freshen the same and prevent excretion poisoning.
5. A method as claimed in claim 1 and in which feed is withheld from the fish before introduction onto the surface to eliminate body waste contamination.
6. A method as claimed in claim 1 and in which the weight of held fish is materially greater than that of the water.
7. A method as claimed in claim 1 and in which the substantially flat surface is provided with ridges to allow upright positioning of the fish.
8. A method as claimed in claim 1 and in which said flat surface is stacked in spaced relation upon one or more similar oxygen-enveloped surfaces.
9. Apparatus for holding live fish having, in combina-tion, substantially flat surface means upon which the fish may rest in close side-by-side relation-ship; means for maintaining a shallow layer of water upon the surface sufficient to maintain the fish gills continuously damp as the fish change position on the flat surface means; a housing en-veloping the flat surface means and its shallow water layer; and means for maintaining within the housing a dry oxygen-saturated atmosphere contacting said layer to permit the fish life-supporting utili-zation of the oxygen mixed into the shallow layer of water by agitation of adjacent fish.
10. Apparatus as claimed in claim 9 and in which said flat surface means is vertically stacked with similar flat surface means within said housing, each enveloped by saturated oxygen atmosphere within said housing and in which means is provided for circulating water over said surface means.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000449906A CA1221537A (en) | 1984-03-19 | 1984-03-19 | Method of and apparatus for holding live fish and the like |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000449906A CA1221537A (en) | 1984-03-19 | 1984-03-19 | Method of and apparatus for holding live fish and the like |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1221537A true CA1221537A (en) | 1987-05-12 |
Family
ID=4127434
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000449906A Expired CA1221537A (en) | 1984-03-19 | 1984-03-19 | Method of and apparatus for holding live fish and the like |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1221537A (en) |
-
1984
- 1984-03-19 CA CA000449906A patent/CA1221537A/en not_active Expired
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