CA1204092A - Device in a chipper or shredder intended for producing chips, processing refuse or similar breaking down of material - Google Patents
Device in a chipper or shredder intended for producing chips, processing refuse or similar breaking down of materialInfo
- Publication number
- CA1204092A CA1204092A CA000422108A CA422108A CA1204092A CA 1204092 A CA1204092 A CA 1204092A CA 000422108 A CA000422108 A CA 000422108A CA 422108 A CA422108 A CA 422108A CA 1204092 A CA1204092 A CA 1204092A
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Abstract
APPLICANT: CENTRO-MORGARDSHAMMAR AB
TITLE: DEVICE IN A CHIPPER OR SHREDDER INTENDED FOR PRODUCING
CHIPS, REFUSE OR SIMILAR BREAKING DOWN OF MATERIAL
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A device in such chippers or shredders for producing chips, processing refuse etc. which have at least one pair of rotationally mounted, driven rollers or shafts which are parallel and rotate counter-rotationally and carry clipping means such as teeth or cutting edges cooperating in a gap between the rollers or shafts into which material is fed to be broken down by the chipping means.
At least some of a number of annular or sleeve-shaped elements, slipped onto the rollers or shafts, have chipping means along their outer circumference, the others being spacers between the elements equipped with chipping means. With the aid of axial abutments on the respective pretensioned roller or shaft, the elements are pressed side-to-side with such an axial force that the pressure between adjacent elements creates friction greater than the torque at which the chipping means operate, thereby holding the elements in position on the rollers or shafts.
TITLE: DEVICE IN A CHIPPER OR SHREDDER INTENDED FOR PRODUCING
CHIPS, REFUSE OR SIMILAR BREAKING DOWN OF MATERIAL
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A device in such chippers or shredders for producing chips, processing refuse etc. which have at least one pair of rotationally mounted, driven rollers or shafts which are parallel and rotate counter-rotationally and carry clipping means such as teeth or cutting edges cooperating in a gap between the rollers or shafts into which material is fed to be broken down by the chipping means.
At least some of a number of annular or sleeve-shaped elements, slipped onto the rollers or shafts, have chipping means along their outer circumference, the others being spacers between the elements equipped with chipping means. With the aid of axial abutments on the respective pretensioned roller or shaft, the elements are pressed side-to-side with such an axial force that the pressure between adjacent elements creates friction greater than the torque at which the chipping means operate, thereby holding the elements in position on the rollers or shafts.
Description
DEVICE IM A CHIPPER OR SHREDDER INTENDED FOR PP~ODUCING CHIPS, PROCESSING REFUSE OR SIMILAR BREAKING DOWN OF MATERIAL
The present inven-tion relates to a device in a chipper or shredder intended for producing chips, processing refuse or similar breaking down of material, of the type which is provided with at least one pair of rotationally mounted and driven shafts or rollers which are parallel and rotate counter-rota-tionally as well as carrying chipping means in the form of teeth, cutting ed~es or the like, which cooperate in a gap between the rollers or shaft, into which gap material for processing is fed to be broken down b~ the chipping means.
In such chippers, it is usual that a number of annular or sleeve-shaped elements be mounted on rollers or shafts, a portion of them being provided along their outer circumferences with chipping means in the form of teeth, cutting edges or the like, the rest being spacers be-tween the elements provided wi-th chipping means.
This is -the case for ins-tance in the known chippers revealed in the three German Offenlegungsschrifte 2730188, 2825952 and 2827544, British Patent Specification 1 454 288 and U.S. Patent Specification 4 165 043.
In order to assure -that the annular or sleeve-shaped chipping elements will be non-rotatably mounted on the rollers or shaft, the prior art has a number of different solutions.
In known groove-and-key mounting, however, an anyularly staggered key groove must be milled into the roller or shaft for each annular or sleeve-shaped chipping element, since for practi-cal reasons they should all be made identical and be mounted suc-cessively angularly spaced so that their teeth or cutting edges will ~orm a helix around the roller or shaft to provlde good distribution of cutting force. It is now obvious that his method with individual groove placement for each chipping element is both complicated and time~consuming. Nor is there any appreciable improvement if the roller or shaft is provided with a single continuous key groove, since each of the chipping elements must then have a counter-groove displaced a certain angle and thus requiring individual ~esign.
In order to avoid these disadvantages, rollers or shafts with polygonal profiles have been suggested, on which annular elements with corresponding central holes are mounted. ~hls gives rise however to extremely high edge pressures during operation, which is a significant risk factor which must be avoided. Further-more there is the unnecessarily complicated machining of the shafts and holes in the annular elements and the requirement of individual angular displacement of these holes in the chipping elements.
There have also been suggested chipping elements which are provided on one side with bottom holes and on the opposite side with corresponding projections or pins, so that the pins on one element fit into the bottom holes on the adjacent element, while the first and last elements are fixed to the shaft by the shaft having at hoth ends teeth or splines for engaging the corresponding teeth or splines in said first and last elements.
In addition to the fact that this design is unnecessarily complicated and expensive, there is also the requirement that the annular elements must be made individually because the chipping ~<
elem~nts must ~e successivel~ angularly staggered to achieve the helical pattern around the shaft.
Several of these disadvantages have been eliminated by having a single set of splines extending along the entire length of the roller or shaft and having compatible splines in the shaft holes of the annular elements. Thus all the chippiny elements and the annular spacers will be identical, so that they can be placed arbitrarily on the shaft. When mounted on the shaft, they will be simply and seGurely fixed against rotation and easily angularly displaced around the circumference so that the chipping means will lie in the suitable helical pattern around the shaft~
Despite the fact that this method of assembly has removed several of the previous disadvantages, this method has not provided the shafts or the annular elements mounted thereon with a simple and work-saving appearance. Instead, -the great number of splines on the shafts and in the annular elements have complicated the manufacture and thereby substantially increased manufacturin~ costs.
Therefore the present invention intends to provide a device in a chipper of the type described by way of introduction, in which these disadvantages with the prior art for non-rotational mounting of annular chipping elements on rotating rollers or shafts have been removed.
For this purpose, a device made according -to the inven-tion i5 primarily characterized in that the elements, with the aid of axial abutments on the respective roller or shaft, which is pretensioned, are pressed side-to-side with such an axial force that the pressure between adjacent elements gives rise to a frictional torque between the elements which is greater than the torque at which the individual chipping means are designed to ~ 3a -- ~2~
operate, and thereby holding the annular or sleeve-shaped elements in their in~ended positions on the rollers or shafts.
Mounting the annular elements non--rotationally on the rollers or shaf~s with the aid of the friction between them, which can be suitably adjusted by tensioning of the rollers or shafts~ provides a device made according to the invention with a number o-F significant advantages. Both the central holes in the annular elements and the rollers or shafts can be made round, at the same time as the tolerance and surace finish requirements do n~t need to be strict.
Thus the manufacture of both the shafts and the annular elements mounted thereon, all of which have identical holes, will be as simple as possible with low manufacturing costs as a resultq When the stretching of the shafts presses the annular elements mounted thereon very hard against each other, the pre-assembled "package" of shafts and annular elements will have a bending rigidity which is substan~ially greater than that o the shafts alone. This provides the advantage that shafts of the same size in a device made according to the invention can be made longer 2q than in previously known devices, or they can be made narrower with ~he same length as previously~
The mounting of the annular elements on the shafts will also be quite simple, which together with the other advantages of the invent~on mentioned here contributes to Iceeping the costs for the pre-assem41ed paclcage of shafts and annular elements low~ This can make it profitable to keep such a package in reserve Shafts with pre-mounted c~ipping ele~ents can ~e installed rapidly with only ~ery short work stoppagesO
In an especially suitable embodiment of the device ~cc~rding to the inven~ion, the rollers or shafts are solid and are mounted at their ends.
~ he installation of pre-assem~led packages o rollers or shafts with annular chipping elements can be facilitated appreciably if ~he rollers or shafts are mounted in pairs in a rectangular frame by means of bearing housings which fit into cavities at both ends of the frame. In order to provide the rectangular frame ~ith sufficient rigidity without being to heavy, the long sides of the same can be box girders.
Sinca the active chipping means in a chipper are of-ten subjected to e~treme stresses; some form of overload protection i5 advisable. In a device ac~rding to the invention, a very simple and reliable protection can be achieved by having at least one o~ t~e annular or sleeve-shaped elements surrounding each of the rollers or sha-fts having an outer circumference which, in order to prevent bending of the respective roller or shaft, is adapted for sliding contac~ against a support mounted adjacent ~hereta. The support can be arranged to project from one long s~de o the frarne in which said roller or shaf~ is mountedO
~he actual chipping means can be made in many different ways. ~s regards manufacture, the mos~ simple and least costly, but still most reliable way appears to be to make the means as cutting edge steps in ~he outer circumference of the annular or sleeve-shaped elements provided with said means.
In order to make the two axial abutments, which are particu-larly important for the non-rotatable holding of the annular elements, uncomplicated and reliable, at leas~ one of these abutments can be in engagement with the roller or shaft and can he movecl along the L~ngth t~ereo~` while st-r~tching -the Sallle, the ~2@~
mounted annular elements thereafter being pressed together there-by. The movable abutment can be in the form of a nut-like means in threaded engagement with the roller or shaf-t. The second of the two axial abutments can either be a radially extending abut-ment on the shaft or roller or can be a divided ring place in an annular groove around the roller or shaft, the par-~s of said ring being held together by a lock sleeve surrounding the ring.
The invention will be describe~ in more detail below with reference to an example shown in the accompanying drawings of a device according to the inventionO
This embodiment has demonstrated in practical tests, with various types of materials such as forest was-te and refuse of many different types, that the intended purpose of the invention has been achieved in all essential respects.
Fig. 1 in the drawings shows an end view of a chipper equipped with a device according to the invention, with a pair of rotationally mounted, driven rollers or shafts, on which chipping means are mounted.
Figs. 2 and 3 show the inside of this chipper in an axial view and a cross-sectional view along the line III-III in Fig. 2~
It is evident from the drawings that the rollers or shafts 1 are parallel and rotate in opposite directions. It is also evident that the chipping means have the form of teeth, cutting edges or the like 2, which co-operate in a gap 13 between the shafts 1, into which gap the material for processing is fed to be broken down by the chipping means 2. More particularly, they are made as a number of cutting-edge steps in the ou-ter circumference o~ a number of annular or sleeve-shaped elements 3 ~hich are mounted on the shafts 1. Between these annular chipping elements 3, other 6a -annular or sleeve-shaped elements 4 are mounted on ~he shafts to act as spacers between the chipping elements 3.
As can be seen par~icularly well in Figs~ 2 and 3~ the rollers or shafts 1 in the chipper shown here are solid and mounted at both ends in a rectangular -frame 8 with the aid of bearing housings 9 which fit lnto cavities lO at both ends of the frarne.
The rectangular frame in turn is mounted at the bottom opening of a hopper 15 Conly indicated schematically here) or a ln siTnilar space for the ma~erial to be broken down. The material slides out of the hoppe-r directly into the gap 13 between the two . . :1 shafts 1 with chipping means '20 Since the stresses on a chipper are always great as a result of the fact that hard and tough materials are sometimes introduced, the frame ~ must be designed thereafter. For this reason, and because it should be light and have the required rigidity, the long sides, in this embodiment at least, are bo~ girders 11. Under the frame there is an outlet 16 (only indicated schematically here) for the chipped material. A
~r:ansport device can be arranged below this outlet, for example an endless conveyor belt 17~
In o.-rder to guard against excessive deflection in the shafts 1, according to the invention one or more supports 12 are arranged ad~acent each shaft~ In the embodiment shown here, the supports 12 are arranged to project from the long side of the frame 8 which is clQsest to the shaft 1. The supports 12 are designed so that at a certain predetermined bending deflection of the shafts they will come into contact with the spacer elements 4 on the shaft which is therehy prevented from furtheT bendingO Since ~he supports 12 In~l ~ert~ of the space-r eleTnents 4 in operation ean come into ~2~
contact with each other~ their opposing surfaces are also adapted for sliding contact wi~h each other.
In order ~hat ~he chipping elements 3 will remain in their intended positions, suitably in a helical pattern on the shafts 1, and no~ rotate in relation t~ere~o, according to ~he basic concept of the invention both ~he chipping:elements and the spacer elements 4 between them bear against each other side-by-side with an axial force which i5 SO great tha~ the axial pressure between them gives -rise to friction between the elements 3,4 which is greater than the torque at which the individual chipping means 2 are designed t~-operate, and thereby holding the annular or .. , ,~
sleeve-sh.aped elements in ~heir in~ended.positions on the shafts-1. ~he required axial force between the annular elements 3,4 is obtained hy stretching the shafts when the elements are mounted thereon, where~y the tendency of the shafts to return ~o their original state presses the annular elements against each other w.ith the force required -for holding them on the shafts. For this purpose, the rollers or sha-fts 1 are equipped with a.xial abutments between which the annular elements 3,4 mounted thereon are clamped with the aid o~ the mechanical stress on the shafts as a result of the strain thereon.
In order to achieve the required clamping of the annular elements on the shaft, it is sufficient that one of the axial abut~ents thereon be movable along the length o-f the shaEt and engage the shaft while retaining ~he strain ~hereonO In the ernbodiment shown o-f a device according -to the invention, this axi`al support has the f~rm of a nut-like means 6 which engages l~ith a thread 18 at one shaft end. The other axial abu~ment requ.ired for holding t,~le annular element 3,4 is at the o~l~o-jit~
end of the shaft and suitably has the form of a radial abutmcnt extending from the sha:ftr This can be made in a number of different ways. For examp:le, it can be a nut threaded on t'he sha~t~ or can consist of a radially extending abutmen-t made in one piece with ~he shaft, or it can also be, as in the embodiment ShOWIl here, a divi~ed-~ing 5 disposed in an annular groove 14 around the shaft 1, the parts of said ring being held together by a lock sleeve 19 surrounding the ring~
When mounting lthe annular or sleeve-shaped elements 3,4 on a shaft, first ~he parts of the ring 5 are placed in the annular groove 14 on t~e shaft',' whereafter the lock sleeve 19 is slipped over t~e ring so that it is h'eld in the groo~e. Then the required number of chipping elements with intermediate spacer elements 4 are slipped on the shaft, seeing ~o it tha.t the cutting edges 2 on the former elements descri~e together helical lines about the clrcu~ference of the shaft package crea~ed thereby. In order to ~x the position during the actual mounting of the annular ele~ent~ and'during the stretching of the shaft~ it is possible ~o use a cylinder key between the shaft and thp dif-ferent elements, but this is in general not necessary since the inner diameters.of the annular elements can instead wi-~hout much trouble be fitte~ to the outer diameter of the shaft with the right tolerance so that they will remain in their set positions on the shaft during the assembly work. When the last annular elemen~ has b~en slipped on and the a~utment or nut 6 3 which is displaceable longitudinally to the shaft, has finally been screwed on~ the shat ls stretched or s-trained to the required amount so tha~ the stress arising the-reby will provi.de enough friction ~etween the a~ clelnents 3,4 so that the chipping elements will nOI tur on the shaft during operation. Wheln t~e required ~ensile stress has been achieved, the nut 6 is ~ightened agains~ the annular elements, whereaf~er the force stretching the shaft is removed and ~he shaft~ ~y virtue of of its tendency to return to its original unstretched s~ate, presses all of the elements axially against each other wit~ the aid of~the divided ring or the abutment 5 and the nut 6.
After the annular elements 3,4 have been correctly mounted on ~he shaft 1 and bear against each other with the aid of the shaft strain, the s~afts are mounted with their annular elements in the bearlng-housings 9, in which it turns in a suitable bearin~ arrangement. ';
In order to be easily coupled to a suitable drive means, for example a hydraulic high-torque motor~ an electric motor or the like with a reduction gear~ one end 20 of each shaft 1 projects out of the bearing housing 9.
The invention is not limited to the example described here and shown in the drawings, but can be modified in many ways within the scope of the patent claims.
The present inven-tion relates to a device in a chipper or shredder intended for producing chips, processing refuse or similar breaking down of material, of the type which is provided with at least one pair of rotationally mounted and driven shafts or rollers which are parallel and rotate counter-rota-tionally as well as carrying chipping means in the form of teeth, cutting ed~es or the like, which cooperate in a gap between the rollers or shaft, into which gap material for processing is fed to be broken down b~ the chipping means.
In such chippers, it is usual that a number of annular or sleeve-shaped elements be mounted on rollers or shafts, a portion of them being provided along their outer circumferences with chipping means in the form of teeth, cutting edges or the like, the rest being spacers be-tween the elements provided wi-th chipping means.
This is -the case for ins-tance in the known chippers revealed in the three German Offenlegungsschrifte 2730188, 2825952 and 2827544, British Patent Specification 1 454 288 and U.S. Patent Specification 4 165 043.
In order to assure -that the annular or sleeve-shaped chipping elements will be non-rotatably mounted on the rollers or shaft, the prior art has a number of different solutions.
In known groove-and-key mounting, however, an anyularly staggered key groove must be milled into the roller or shaft for each annular or sleeve-shaped chipping element, since for practi-cal reasons they should all be made identical and be mounted suc-cessively angularly spaced so that their teeth or cutting edges will ~orm a helix around the roller or shaft to provlde good distribution of cutting force. It is now obvious that his method with individual groove placement for each chipping element is both complicated and time~consuming. Nor is there any appreciable improvement if the roller or shaft is provided with a single continuous key groove, since each of the chipping elements must then have a counter-groove displaced a certain angle and thus requiring individual ~esign.
In order to avoid these disadvantages, rollers or shafts with polygonal profiles have been suggested, on which annular elements with corresponding central holes are mounted. ~hls gives rise however to extremely high edge pressures during operation, which is a significant risk factor which must be avoided. Further-more there is the unnecessarily complicated machining of the shafts and holes in the annular elements and the requirement of individual angular displacement of these holes in the chipping elements.
There have also been suggested chipping elements which are provided on one side with bottom holes and on the opposite side with corresponding projections or pins, so that the pins on one element fit into the bottom holes on the adjacent element, while the first and last elements are fixed to the shaft by the shaft having at hoth ends teeth or splines for engaging the corresponding teeth or splines in said first and last elements.
In addition to the fact that this design is unnecessarily complicated and expensive, there is also the requirement that the annular elements must be made individually because the chipping ~<
elem~nts must ~e successivel~ angularly staggered to achieve the helical pattern around the shaft.
Several of these disadvantages have been eliminated by having a single set of splines extending along the entire length of the roller or shaft and having compatible splines in the shaft holes of the annular elements. Thus all the chippiny elements and the annular spacers will be identical, so that they can be placed arbitrarily on the shaft. When mounted on the shaft, they will be simply and seGurely fixed against rotation and easily angularly displaced around the circumference so that the chipping means will lie in the suitable helical pattern around the shaft~
Despite the fact that this method of assembly has removed several of the previous disadvantages, this method has not provided the shafts or the annular elements mounted thereon with a simple and work-saving appearance. Instead, -the great number of splines on the shafts and in the annular elements have complicated the manufacture and thereby substantially increased manufacturin~ costs.
Therefore the present invention intends to provide a device in a chipper of the type described by way of introduction, in which these disadvantages with the prior art for non-rotational mounting of annular chipping elements on rotating rollers or shafts have been removed.
For this purpose, a device made according -to the inven-tion i5 primarily characterized in that the elements, with the aid of axial abutments on the respective roller or shaft, which is pretensioned, are pressed side-to-side with such an axial force that the pressure between adjacent elements gives rise to a frictional torque between the elements which is greater than the torque at which the individual chipping means are designed to ~ 3a -- ~2~
operate, and thereby holding the annular or sleeve-shaped elements in their in~ended positions on the rollers or shafts.
Mounting the annular elements non--rotationally on the rollers or shaf~s with the aid of the friction between them, which can be suitably adjusted by tensioning of the rollers or shafts~ provides a device made according to the invention with a number o-F significant advantages. Both the central holes in the annular elements and the rollers or shafts can be made round, at the same time as the tolerance and surace finish requirements do n~t need to be strict.
Thus the manufacture of both the shafts and the annular elements mounted thereon, all of which have identical holes, will be as simple as possible with low manufacturing costs as a resultq When the stretching of the shafts presses the annular elements mounted thereon very hard against each other, the pre-assembled "package" of shafts and annular elements will have a bending rigidity which is substan~ially greater than that o the shafts alone. This provides the advantage that shafts of the same size in a device made according to the invention can be made longer 2q than in previously known devices, or they can be made narrower with ~he same length as previously~
The mounting of the annular elements on the shafts will also be quite simple, which together with the other advantages of the invent~on mentioned here contributes to Iceeping the costs for the pre-assem41ed paclcage of shafts and annular elements low~ This can make it profitable to keep such a package in reserve Shafts with pre-mounted c~ipping ele~ents can ~e installed rapidly with only ~ery short work stoppagesO
In an especially suitable embodiment of the device ~cc~rding to the inven~ion, the rollers or shafts are solid and are mounted at their ends.
~ he installation of pre-assem~led packages o rollers or shafts with annular chipping elements can be facilitated appreciably if ~he rollers or shafts are mounted in pairs in a rectangular frame by means of bearing housings which fit into cavities at both ends of the frame. In order to provide the rectangular frame ~ith sufficient rigidity without being to heavy, the long sides of the same can be box girders.
Sinca the active chipping means in a chipper are of-ten subjected to e~treme stresses; some form of overload protection i5 advisable. In a device ac~rding to the invention, a very simple and reliable protection can be achieved by having at least one o~ t~e annular or sleeve-shaped elements surrounding each of the rollers or sha-fts having an outer circumference which, in order to prevent bending of the respective roller or shaft, is adapted for sliding contac~ against a support mounted adjacent ~hereta. The support can be arranged to project from one long s~de o the frarne in which said roller or shaf~ is mountedO
~he actual chipping means can be made in many different ways. ~s regards manufacture, the mos~ simple and least costly, but still most reliable way appears to be to make the means as cutting edge steps in ~he outer circumference of the annular or sleeve-shaped elements provided with said means.
In order to make the two axial abutments, which are particu-larly important for the non-rotatable holding of the annular elements, uncomplicated and reliable, at leas~ one of these abutments can be in engagement with the roller or shaft and can he movecl along the L~ngth t~ereo~` while st-r~tching -the Sallle, the ~2@~
mounted annular elements thereafter being pressed together there-by. The movable abutment can be in the form of a nut-like means in threaded engagement with the roller or shaf-t. The second of the two axial abutments can either be a radially extending abut-ment on the shaft or roller or can be a divided ring place in an annular groove around the roller or shaft, the par-~s of said ring being held together by a lock sleeve surrounding the ring.
The invention will be describe~ in more detail below with reference to an example shown in the accompanying drawings of a device according to the inventionO
This embodiment has demonstrated in practical tests, with various types of materials such as forest was-te and refuse of many different types, that the intended purpose of the invention has been achieved in all essential respects.
Fig. 1 in the drawings shows an end view of a chipper equipped with a device according to the invention, with a pair of rotationally mounted, driven rollers or shafts, on which chipping means are mounted.
Figs. 2 and 3 show the inside of this chipper in an axial view and a cross-sectional view along the line III-III in Fig. 2~
It is evident from the drawings that the rollers or shafts 1 are parallel and rotate in opposite directions. It is also evident that the chipping means have the form of teeth, cutting edges or the like 2, which co-operate in a gap 13 between the shafts 1, into which gap the material for processing is fed to be broken down by the chipping means 2. More particularly, they are made as a number of cutting-edge steps in the ou-ter circumference o~ a number of annular or sleeve-shaped elements 3 ~hich are mounted on the shafts 1. Between these annular chipping elements 3, other 6a -annular or sleeve-shaped elements 4 are mounted on ~he shafts to act as spacers between the chipping elements 3.
As can be seen par~icularly well in Figs~ 2 and 3~ the rollers or shafts 1 in the chipper shown here are solid and mounted at both ends in a rectangular -frame 8 with the aid of bearing housings 9 which fit lnto cavities lO at both ends of the frarne.
The rectangular frame in turn is mounted at the bottom opening of a hopper 15 Conly indicated schematically here) or a ln siTnilar space for the ma~erial to be broken down. The material slides out of the hoppe-r directly into the gap 13 between the two . . :1 shafts 1 with chipping means '20 Since the stresses on a chipper are always great as a result of the fact that hard and tough materials are sometimes introduced, the frame ~ must be designed thereafter. For this reason, and because it should be light and have the required rigidity, the long sides, in this embodiment at least, are bo~ girders 11. Under the frame there is an outlet 16 (only indicated schematically here) for the chipped material. A
~r:ansport device can be arranged below this outlet, for example an endless conveyor belt 17~
In o.-rder to guard against excessive deflection in the shafts 1, according to the invention one or more supports 12 are arranged ad~acent each shaft~ In the embodiment shown here, the supports 12 are arranged to project from the long side of the frame 8 which is clQsest to the shaft 1. The supports 12 are designed so that at a certain predetermined bending deflection of the shafts they will come into contact with the spacer elements 4 on the shaft which is therehy prevented from furtheT bendingO Since ~he supports 12 In~l ~ert~ of the space-r eleTnents 4 in operation ean come into ~2~
contact with each other~ their opposing surfaces are also adapted for sliding contact wi~h each other.
In order ~hat ~he chipping elements 3 will remain in their intended positions, suitably in a helical pattern on the shafts 1, and no~ rotate in relation t~ere~o, according to ~he basic concept of the invention both ~he chipping:elements and the spacer elements 4 between them bear against each other side-by-side with an axial force which i5 SO great tha~ the axial pressure between them gives -rise to friction between the elements 3,4 which is greater than the torque at which the individual chipping means 2 are designed t~-operate, and thereby holding the annular or .. , ,~
sleeve-sh.aped elements in ~heir in~ended.positions on the shafts-1. ~he required axial force between the annular elements 3,4 is obtained hy stretching the shafts when the elements are mounted thereon, where~y the tendency of the shafts to return ~o their original state presses the annular elements against each other w.ith the force required -for holding them on the shafts. For this purpose, the rollers or sha-fts 1 are equipped with a.xial abutments between which the annular elements 3,4 mounted thereon are clamped with the aid o~ the mechanical stress on the shafts as a result of the strain thereon.
In order to achieve the required clamping of the annular elements on the shaft, it is sufficient that one of the axial abut~ents thereon be movable along the length o-f the shaEt and engage the shaft while retaining ~he strain ~hereonO In the ernbodiment shown o-f a device according -to the invention, this axi`al support has the f~rm of a nut-like means 6 which engages l~ith a thread 18 at one shaft end. The other axial abu~ment requ.ired for holding t,~le annular element 3,4 is at the o~l~o-jit~
end of the shaft and suitably has the form of a radial abutmcnt extending from the sha:ftr This can be made in a number of different ways. For examp:le, it can be a nut threaded on t'he sha~t~ or can consist of a radially extending abutmen-t made in one piece with ~he shaft, or it can also be, as in the embodiment ShOWIl here, a divi~ed-~ing 5 disposed in an annular groove 14 around the shaft 1, the parts of said ring being held together by a lock sleeve 19 surrounding the ring~
When mounting lthe annular or sleeve-shaped elements 3,4 on a shaft, first ~he parts of the ring 5 are placed in the annular groove 14 on t~e shaft',' whereafter the lock sleeve 19 is slipped over t~e ring so that it is h'eld in the groo~e. Then the required number of chipping elements with intermediate spacer elements 4 are slipped on the shaft, seeing ~o it tha.t the cutting edges 2 on the former elements descri~e together helical lines about the clrcu~ference of the shaft package crea~ed thereby. In order to ~x the position during the actual mounting of the annular ele~ent~ and'during the stretching of the shaft~ it is possible ~o use a cylinder key between the shaft and thp dif-ferent elements, but this is in general not necessary since the inner diameters.of the annular elements can instead wi-~hout much trouble be fitte~ to the outer diameter of the shaft with the right tolerance so that they will remain in their set positions on the shaft during the assembly work. When the last annular elemen~ has b~en slipped on and the a~utment or nut 6 3 which is displaceable longitudinally to the shaft, has finally been screwed on~ the shat ls stretched or s-trained to the required amount so tha~ the stress arising the-reby will provi.de enough friction ~etween the a~ clelnents 3,4 so that the chipping elements will nOI tur on the shaft during operation. Wheln t~e required ~ensile stress has been achieved, the nut 6 is ~ightened agains~ the annular elements, whereaf~er the force stretching the shaft is removed and ~he shaft~ ~y virtue of of its tendency to return to its original unstretched s~ate, presses all of the elements axially against each other wit~ the aid of~the divided ring or the abutment 5 and the nut 6.
After the annular elements 3,4 have been correctly mounted on ~he shaft 1 and bear against each other with the aid of the shaft strain, the s~afts are mounted with their annular elements in the bearlng-housings 9, in which it turns in a suitable bearin~ arrangement. ';
In order to be easily coupled to a suitable drive means, for example a hydraulic high-torque motor~ an electric motor or the like with a reduction gear~ one end 20 of each shaft 1 projects out of the bearing housing 9.
The invention is not limited to the example described here and shown in the drawings, but can be modified in many ways within the scope of the patent claims.
Claims
The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:-1. Device in a chipper or shredder intended for producing chips, processing refuse or similar breaking down of material, and provided with at least one pair of rotationally mounted and driven shafts or rollers, which are parallel and rotate counter-rotationally as well as carry chipping means in the form of teeth, cutting edges or the like which co-operate in a gap between the rollers or shafts, into which gap material for processing is fed to be broken down by the chipping means, said rollers or shafts carrying a plurality of annular or sleeve like elements, at least some of which are provided along their outer circumferences with chipping means, the rest being spacers between the elements provided with chipping means, characterized in that said elements, with the aid of axial abutments on the respective roller or shaft, which is pre-tensioned, are pressed side-to-side with such an axial force that the pressure between adjacent elements gives rise to friction between the elements which is greater than the torque at which the individual chipping means are designed to operate, and thereby holding the annular or sleeve-like elements in their intended positions or the rollers or shafts.
2. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the rollers or shafts are solid and mounted at their ends.
3. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the rollers or shafts are mounted in pairs in a rectangular frame by means of bearing housings which fit into cavities at both ends of the frame.
4. Device according to Claim 3, characterized in that at least the long sides of the frame are in the form of box girders.
5. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the annular or sleeve-shaped elements surrounding each of the rollers or shafts has an outer circumference which, in order to prevent bending of the respective roller or shaft, is adapted for sliding contact against a support mounted adjacent thereto.
5. Device according to Claim 5, characterized in that the support is arranged to project from one long side of the frame in which said roller or shaft is mounted.
7. Device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the chipping means are made as cutting-edge steps in the outer circumference of the annular or sleeve-shaped elements provided with said means.
8. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the axial abutments for the annular or sleeve-shaped elements on the roller or shaft is in engagement with said roller or shaft and can be moved along the length thereof while stretch-ing the same, the mounted elements thereafter being pressed together.
9. Device according to Claim 8, characterized in that the movable abutment is in the form of a nut-like means in threaded engagement with the roller or shaft.
10. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the axial abutments for mounting the annular or sleeve-shaped elements of the roller or shaft is a radially extending abutment on the shaft.
11. Device according to Claim 10, characterized in that the radially extending abutment consists of a divided ring placed in an annular groove around the roller or shaft, the parts of said ring being held together by a lock sleeve surrounding the ring.
2. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the rollers or shafts are solid and mounted at their ends.
3. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the rollers or shafts are mounted in pairs in a rectangular frame by means of bearing housings which fit into cavities at both ends of the frame.
4. Device according to Claim 3, characterized in that at least the long sides of the frame are in the form of box girders.
5. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the annular or sleeve-shaped elements surrounding each of the rollers or shafts has an outer circumference which, in order to prevent bending of the respective roller or shaft, is adapted for sliding contact against a support mounted adjacent thereto.
5. Device according to Claim 5, characterized in that the support is arranged to project from one long side of the frame in which said roller or shaft is mounted.
7. Device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the chipping means are made as cutting-edge steps in the outer circumference of the annular or sleeve-shaped elements provided with said means.
8. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the axial abutments for the annular or sleeve-shaped elements on the roller or shaft is in engagement with said roller or shaft and can be moved along the length thereof while stretch-ing the same, the mounted elements thereafter being pressed together.
9. Device according to Claim 8, characterized in that the movable abutment is in the form of a nut-like means in threaded engagement with the roller or shaft.
10. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the axial abutments for mounting the annular or sleeve-shaped elements of the roller or shaft is a radially extending abutment on the shaft.
11. Device according to Claim 10, characterized in that the radially extending abutment consists of a divided ring placed in an annular groove around the roller or shaft, the parts of said ring being held together by a lock sleeve surrounding the ring.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000422108A CA1204092A (en) | 1983-02-22 | 1983-02-22 | Device in a chipper or shredder intended for producing chips, processing refuse or similar breaking down of material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000422108A CA1204092A (en) | 1983-02-22 | 1983-02-22 | Device in a chipper or shredder intended for producing chips, processing refuse or similar breaking down of material |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1204092A true CA1204092A (en) | 1986-05-06 |
Family
ID=4124609
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000422108A Expired CA1204092A (en) | 1983-02-22 | 1983-02-22 | Device in a chipper or shredder intended for producing chips, processing refuse or similar breaking down of material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1204092A (en) |
-
1983
- 1983-02-22 CA CA000422108A patent/CA1204092A/en not_active Expired
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| MKEX | Expiry |