CA1200118A - Soil investigation device - Google Patents
Soil investigation deviceInfo
- Publication number
- CA1200118A CA1200118A CA000418450A CA418450A CA1200118A CA 1200118 A CA1200118 A CA 1200118A CA 000418450 A CA000418450 A CA 000418450A CA 418450 A CA418450 A CA 418450A CA 1200118 A CA1200118 A CA 1200118A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- driving
- rod
- head
- soil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D1/00—Investigation of foundation soil in situ
- E02D1/02—Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work
- E02D1/022—Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work by investigating mechanical properties of the soil
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D11/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for both placing and removing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, or mould-pipes
Abstract
A B S T R A C T
A device for performing soil inspection by means of a tube to be driven into the soil, comprising driving means which grip around the tube substantially coaxially said driving means comprising either a cylinder with a hollow piston rod or pairs of opposed driving wheels. Auxiliary means are provided for facilitating soil inspection operations with such a device, such as an improved pressing and pulling head, and means for signal transfer from a measuring cone towards measuring instruments at the soil surface.
A device for performing soil inspection by means of a tube to be driven into the soil, comprising driving means which grip around the tube substantially coaxially said driving means comprising either a cylinder with a hollow piston rod or pairs of opposed driving wheels. Auxiliary means are provided for facilitating soil inspection operations with such a device, such as an improved pressing and pulling head, and means for signal transfer from a measuring cone towards measuring instruments at the soil surface.
Description
soil. investi.gati.on device~.
~ or executing soil investigation, a tube is driven sub-stantially vertically into the soil, which tube, at or near i-ts lower extremity, is constructed either as a sounding tube 7 in which case i-t is provided with means for determinin~ the resistance 5 a~ainst dis~lacement, e.g. in the form of a so-called sounding cone andjor sounding sleeve, or as a samp1ing tool by means of which a sa~ple of the soil can be ta~en in order to be investigated in a laboratory.
In order to press such a tube into -the soil, use is made 10 of a device, which is generally arranged in a vehicle, com~risin~
a yoke which is to be brou~ht into enga~elllent with the upper ex-tremity of the tube~ which ~oke is cou~led with the pistons of the two pressure meditun cy inders which are arranged at both sides of the tube. ~s soon as the tube has been pressed downwards by means of 15 said yoke over the piston stroke, the yoke is moved upwards again, and another tube is connected to the fornler tube by means of a screw-thread connection, and then the tube is pressed further down-wards. The force required therefor can be derived from the pressure of the pressure medium (generally oil). In the case of a sounding 20 tube this force is generally determined by means of a transducer provided between the sounding tube and the yolce, and, on the other hand, force sensors are of-ten arran~ed in the lower end part~ which are adap-ted to produce an elec-trical s:igna:!. which is a nleasure for the resistanc~-~ met with, and which can be processed further at the 25 surfaceO
As soon as the tube has reached the desired or maximum possible depth, a pulling head is mounted on the yoke, whlch is adapted to enga~e the tube in such a manner that, by means of said yoke, a pulling force can be exerted on the tube. Such a pulling 30 head can, for instance, comprise a conical inner wall and a plura-lity o~ balls arranged in several layers within a cage, the di-ameter of said balls in the different layers being such that, if a tube is inserted through said cage with balls, the conical wall surface uniformly presses said balls against the tube surface, ~5 so that the pulllng force will be transferred onto tne tube~
hn objection of such devices is tnat they are rather bulky and henvy, ~nd mus-t, theret`o.re~ be arran~ed in or on a vehicle~
~`or measuremellts in di~icultl~ accessi.ble locations, in particular in existing buiIdi.ngs, e.g. for determining the bearing capacity of the foundatlon in view of reconstruction ~orks, or in dif~icultly 5 accesslble fielàs, these known devices are not suitable.
It is an object of the invention to provide a device .~or the latter purposes which does not show these objections and is, in particular but not exclusively, suitable for being constructed in a transportable and, if required, portable manner.
To that end, the device according to the invention is characterised in that the driving means ~or the tube ~rip around said tube substantially coaxially.
In a first embodiment, said driving means comprise a single cyllnder having a piston and associated piston rod which 15 are made hollow, and this in such a manner that the tube can be led through the interiorthereof, snid piston rod bein connected to a head by means of which -the pressing and pullin~ f`orces can be trans-ferred on the tube. '~his unitnry construction without~ yokeprovidee a substantial simplification in respect o~ the known constructions 20 with two cylinders, and,furthermore, lea~ to substantially smaller dimensions, and, moreover, a pressure acting on the tube in an accurately axial direction is ensured.
In a second embodiment of the invention, the drivins means comprise at least one unit consisting of n pair of mutually 25 oppositely arranged driving wheels with a concave rim profile adapted to the shape of the tube to be driven, at least one o~ said wheels o such a unit being connected to a dri~ing motor, in par-ticular a hydxaulic motor, and,in particular, several units can be superposed along the tube, means being provided in each unit :Eor 30 dri~ing the wheels towards one another so as to increase the clamping force.
With such a device the tube can be driven continuously itself, ~u~ it is also possible to drive thereby an auxiliary tube which is provided with means adapted to be brought into engagement ~5 with the tube to be driven into the soil, and corresponding to the means used in -the first embodiment.
If the driving means operate in a discontinuous manner and are to be reset when providing or taking away an extensior tube section, preferably a special coupling element is used which is nrranged in a horizontal sliding æuide connected to the driving means, so as -to allo~ this el~ent to be slid away laterall~ for clearing the passage for a tube, and this element can be con-structed as a pressing or pulling head respectively, said guide 5 being adapted to allow the replacement of R pressing head by a ~ulling head and vice versa.
For application in the case of a sounding tube with an inner rod which is connected to a measurins element, the pressure head can be provided with a rotatable fitting with two bores of a 10 different die~eter, the narrower one forming an abutment shoulder for the upper e~tremity of the upper tube section but allowing the inner rod to pass so as to bring said inner rod into enæa~sment with a superposed force meter, whereas the wider bore also passes the sounding tube so that the latter itself will, then, engage said 15 force meter. In the latter case, for instance, -the lateral friction in the soil a!ong the soundine tube can be measured.
~ or retracting the tube, preferclbly a special pulling head is used comprisin~ a sleeve surroundinæ the tube in which a plurali-ty of slightly upwardly inclined strips of ~etal or the like are 20 arranged having, at their free extremity, a concave rounding adapted to the tube per phery. By means of such a head the friction force required for the pulling force can be distributed lllore evenly over the tube surface, so that the latter will not be damaged, this in contrast to the above-mentioned pulling heads with balls which, in 25 a rather s1llall n~ ber, are being brought into enga~el~ent with the tube wall.
I~hen using a sounding tube with an inner rod, the ex~
tension tube sections are preferably provided with inner rods which are secured against falling out, this in contrast to the 30 known constructions.
T~ electrical force transducers or the like are provided in the lower portion of the sounding tube, a pressing or pulling head resp. is to be used whlch is provided with recesses for passing a measuring cord~ ~urthermore it can be advisable to arrange the 35 current source for the measuring circuit in the lower par-t, and then, in particular, the inner rods o the sounding tubes sections can be used as a conductor for signal circuits, said inner rods being pro-vided with coupling means adapted to interconnect adjacent rods electrically; the contact resistance between the VariOUS inner r~d _ ~L _ sections will, then, have no inrluence on tho si~nal availnble at the transducersA The time-conswnln3 and troublesome strir.glng of`
the soundin~ tubes on an electric c~ble is, then, superfluous.
Instea~ of electrical signal transer, also modulated 5 radiation can be used, and then, in the lower portion o~ the soundin~ tube, a raclia-tion source, in particular a laser diode, and in the upper end portion o~ this tube a photo-diode or the lilce wlll be arranged. The inner tube diameter is, preferably, chosen as lar~e as is compati~le with -the strength of the tube so as to keep ~ree 10 a direct radiation path even in the case o bending of the tube.
~t is also possible to polish the inner wall so as to allow, if necessary7 radiation transmission by re~lection, but then care should be taken to avoid disturbing signal broadening by transit time dif~erences, e.g. by a suitable choise o~ the modul~tion shape 15 or by screening off undesired radiation directions near the photo-diode.
It can sometimes be ~avOurable to include in the lower porti.on o~ the soundin~ tube a memory in which the Measurement results can be stored, which can be read out la-ter a-ter retraction 20 o~ the soundin~ -tubes, and a ti~lng signal should, then,be recorded, allowing to correlate the measure~ents with the insertion depths recorded at the surface. ~s a memory, besides a usual electronic memory, also a s~.all tape recorder with micro-cassettes can be used.
Such a tube can also be constructed E~S a soil sample 25 cutter, an improvelllent being obtained by accommodating the usual hose,used or reducing the friction between the soil s~llple and the tube wall, in a chamber surrounding the sample space o~ the tube, said chamber being situated between the cutting mouth at t~Ae lower extremity of the tube and the exit slot between said chamber and 30 the sample space, so that the hose provided in this cha~ber can be pulled straishtly upwards through the slot, intrusion of soil particles lnto said chamber being hampered, and damaging the hose in the slot beinO avoided then, so that the use o a supporting liquid,as is required in the current soil sample cutters in wnich 35 the hose is deflected by 180 in tne slot,will be super~luous.
~ uch a deYice for driving a tube into the soil should be directed vertically as well as possibleA To that end, as usual, hydraulically a~tuated ~acks can be used by means o- which the carrier o~ the device, in particular a vehi.cle, can be supported.
Accordi.rlrr to -the invention, r~.re:rerMbly nn inc~ination sensor is used then, cons.sting of a housin,r fil'ed with oil in w`nich an elec'rica1ly conductive bocy is resi'ient'y supported, which body will contac~ electrical contac~s prov:ided around the circumference 5 as soon as the housing .is not directed exact'y vertically, which body and contacts are included in a cor~rol circuit for the pressure mediun supply. Inc'ination .neters to be ~rovided in soundirg tubes adapted to measure the inclination of the tube,so as to correlate the inclination with -the depth measurement~are ~nown per se. For 10 directing a devi.ce of the present kind, however, inclination meters have not yet been ùsed. The sensor according to -the invention allows to direct -the device in a fast and ~reclse manner.
The invention will be elucidated in more detail below by reference to a drawing, showing in:
Fig. 1 a lateral view, partly in section, of a first em-bodiment of the invention;
~igs. ~ ~nd B a la-ter.1:' view, partly in section, of a special pulling head for such a de~tice, and a top view of an e~ement of thi.s pulling head resp.;
Fig. 3 a section of a specia' ~ressing~ head with a measuring body for such a device;
Fig~ 4 a diagrammatlc to~ view o~ an other embodiment of a device accord ng to the invention;
~igs. 5~, B and C highly s Illplified representations of 25 different means for transmltting signals n such a device;
l~ig~ 6 a sil~lpli.f:ied representation, partly i.n section, of a cuttlng tube -to be used in sucll a devlce; and Fig. 7 a diagrammatic cross-section of a si~.ple inclina-tion sensor ~or such a device.
In Fig. 1 a flrst embodiment of the device according to the invention is diagrammatically shown, which device is intended for pressing a tube 1 into the soil and, respectively,pulling it therefrom again, which tube is, in particular, a sounding tube.
This device co~prises an annular cy1inder space 2 defined 35 between an outer wall 3 and a coaxial inner wa'l 4 7 the inner wall 4 definingr L~ sp~ce 5 in which t~e tube 1 fits w th some play.
In the cylinder spa.ce 2 an annular piston 6 sealingly contracting the walls 3 and 4 by meAns o~ sealing rings 7 is sli-dable. This ~iston 6 is cornected to a tubular ~i.s-ton rod 8 ~uided -- 6 ~
by n1onns of seal.5 9 in a cat? 10 c:'.osin~ the 5~ace 2. ~t the upper end o~ the piston rocl S a f`lnnge 11 is mounted on which a horizontal sliding Ouide 12 is provided in which a ri~ 1~ o~ a oressin~ head 14 to he described be_ow i.s horizontally sliciable, so tha-t, "hen 5 slid:ing away this head, the inner spnce 5 of the inner wall 4 be-comes accessible from above so as to insert a tube 1 into it, which tube can be an extension tube which can be scre-.~ed on another tube section 1 alre2dy pressed downwards.
The piston 6 is shown in its lowest ~osition, and can be 10 moved upwards by supplying a pressure mediu~., e.~. oil, the stroXe length corresponding to the len~th of the tube sections :Erom which -the tube 1 is to be assembled. ~fter having slid away the head 14 in the highest ooslt~on~ another tube section can be introduced into the space ~ and screwed on the precedin~ tube section, after which 15 the head 14 can be sl:;d bac'c so that lt can be brought into enga~e-ment with the upper extremi-cy of the tube. Thereafter the pres~ure medium will be supplied to the upper sidc of the piston 6 so as to press the tube 1 further into the soil.
The cylinder wall 3 is mounted in a foot 15 which is im-20 mobilised in respect of the soil in a mallner not shown. ~his footis1 for instance1 mounted on a suficiently heavy vehicle, but can also be .i~ed by means of ~roun~ anchors or the like. The latter will be the case if the clevice is constructed as a portable one which is adapted for bein$ usecl in inacce6sible places (e~g. in a 25 basement or the like).
Such a device reauires lit-tle s~ce, slnce only one cylinder without a bridge piece is used. Only the æuide 12 is laterally protrudin~, but can be relatively short. The pressure medium source can be mounted seoarately from the device, and can be 30 coupled thereto by !neans o. ~ressure hoses.
In order to retract a tube 1 pressed into the soil, the rim 16 of a pu'ling head 17 accordin6 to ~ig. 2 can be slid into the ~uide 12. Instead of the usual pu'.lin~ heads with balls bearing on a wedse-shaped surface and adapted to contact the ou-ter side of 35 the tube 1, which may locally indent the tubes, use has now been made of a plurallty of lip~ 13 made of hard steel or the like which are fixed at a sli6ht upward inclination in the wal:L of the head 17, and are provided, at their free extremi.ty, with a recess with a rounded boundary ed~e having a curvature which corresponds to that o:E the extern-~:l surF.~ce o:E a tube 1. r"ne n-l!nber of lips 18 deperlds on the w.Ath tlereor, t.he depth o t~e .recess, anc`~ the r~c~ui-ed hs soor ~s a tl~be 1 arrives into the space between the 5 lips 1S from be ow, the rims oF the recesses 19 come intc contact with the tube ~.~all. ihen retracting the head 15, the tube 1 is ærinped fir~ly between the lips 18. Since the c'~ing Eorce has, now, been distributed over a mucn larger surface portioll OI the tube walI than in the case o F cl c~nping balls, -the tube wa'l will 10 not be damaged. On pressing downwards the head 17, the lips 18 will be released automatically, and the head can be removed Erom the tube.
In Fig. 3 a cross-section oE a special embodiment of the pressure head 14 is shown, which serves, nt the s.~ne ti~ne, as a 15 Eorce meter. In this c~se the tube 1 compr-.;ses an inner rod 20 which is ~uided slidab1y in thc tube 1, and is, at the lower end, con-nected to a mcnsuring cone or the lilce for determini~s the soil resistallce. Jach extension tube section is providecl with such a rod 20, and the end Eaces of ad~acent rods 20 can contac-t each other.
20 In order to avoid that the rods 20 fall out of the corresponding tube sections, each rod is provided with one or more rings 21 which can abut against a corresponding shoulder 22 in the tube section 1 in question so as to prevent falling out.
In the head 14 a piston 23 is situated, a~ainst which the 25 rod 20 of the uppermost tube section w:ill bear when the head is pressed on the tube section. The s~nce 24 above the piston 23 conl-municates, by means o:E a ~`itti.n~ 25, with a pressure meter or force transducer,not shown,for mea6urinS the force acting on the rod 20.
The end face of the tube 1 bears on a shoulder 26 which is 30 in a fixed position in respect of the head. This shoulder forms a part of a rotatable insert 27, and is defined by a through bore 28 in said insert throu~h which the rod 20 extends upwards. Trans ~ersely to the bore 28 a second wider bore 24 is ormed in the in-sert~ If the in.sert 27 ls turned 90 by means of a ha~dle 30, the 35 wider borc 29 is positioned in alignment with the tube 1~ This bore is ~ider than the tube 1 so -that, then, the end face of the tube 1 will bear against the piston 23. This position wi'l. be used if1 for instance, the adhesion force exerted on the tube 1 by the .soil is to be measured~
:~';t~
~ ir~ r shows an other e?nbodi?1lent of the device of the in-venti0n for ?ressing a tube into t`ae soil. r~his device eomprises ~t least one unit 31, but, if ref~uired, a plurality thereof can be su~erposed. ~ach unit conmprises a pair of wheels 32 and 3~ witn an 5 outer riTn of subst2~ntiRlly semicircu1ar cross-sec-tion, which wheels thus define & subs-tantially circ-nlar cavity 34 in which a tube to be driven will fi-t. The ~/`neel rinls can be roughened or can be ~ro-vided with a rr;ction covering n order to increase the grip on such l tube. r~he wheel 33 is contained in a yoke 35 coupled to a ~ressure 10 mediwn cy inder 36 by means of which this yo`~e car be pressed against the other wheel 32 so as to improve the grip on the inter-posed tube sti.ll more.
The shaft 37 o~ the wheel 32 is coupled to a hydraulic motor 38 adapted to drive the w`neel 3v. If a larger driving force 15 is desired, also the shaFt 39 of the wheel ~3 enn be eoupled to a motor 40. '~he dr Villg force can be increased sti'l further by ln-ereasin~ the number of units 31.
Such a unit ean, For instanee, be used to drive a tube 1 directly so as -to obtain a substantia'ly continuous drive~ Coupling 20 extension tube seetions can ake plase during drivins. It is, how-ever, also ~ossible to use such a unit for driving a tube eorres pondinO to t~e piston rod 6 0 r ~i g ~ 1~ adapted to connect thereto a pressin~ head 14 and/or a pullin~ head 17.
Instead of a pressure head 14 with a foree meter aeeor-25 ding to ~ , other force measurin~g apparatuses can be used, inparticular measurinO cones or the lil;e with electrieal force trans-ducers. In thnt CaSf' a simple pressing head witllout measuring bodies can be used, but, then, said head should be provided with a recess for passing the measurin6 cord. `~or the l~easuring cord is to be ~0 stringed through all tne tube sections to be used sinee the use of extension cords with contact nlugs and soc~ets would lead to too hi~h contaet resistances. 0f eourse ~ressing heads constructed in a different manne- can be used instead which, if desi-~ed, can be con-structed as a pulling head too. Such measurlng cords are, by -their ~5 nature, troublesome. r''he inven-tion provides a nunnber of possibili-ties allowing to work w:thout such .measuring cords.
~ s shown in ~ig~ 5~, R central rod 20 can be used ins-tead of a measurin~ cord, h~hich rod needs not to be slidablel and can be provided~ Rt an extref~-ity, with a fitting Lr1 in which ~he e~trenmity of` the rod 20' ol` an adjoining ~ube section ~li'l fit more or less tightly so ~ls to obtclin an e'.ec-trica1 cor!nection, and the tube sections 1 theD1se~ves serve as a return conductor. It can7 t~.en, be advisable to arrange the current source ~2 for the measuring 5 circuit near the transducer 43 in the lower par-t of the -tube 1, so as to ensure a su~ficient Yoltage reclr the transducer 43 independent of the contact resistance in the couplings between the rods 20'.
"he transducer 43 can be provided with a circuit ~hich is adapted to transI`orm the measuremert results lnto suita~le measurernellt 10 signals, e.~. in digital form.
I'nstead thereof lt i6 also possible to us~, for the signal transfer, modulated radiation, and then, as shown in Fi~. 53, the transducer 4~ can be connected to a radiation souxce 41~, e.~. a laser diode, whlch can sen~i directed radiation through the interior 15 of the tube, and at the upper extremity of the tube 1 a radiation receiver, e.~ a photo~diode, will be arranged. The tube 1 is, preferably, mnde as wide as is compatlble wi-th the strength of the tube, so as to maintain an unim~eded passaS~e for the radiation even in the case of ber~ding ot` the tube. It is also possible to polish 20 the inner wall ot` the tube 1 in such a ~anner tha-t the radiation will be trHnsferred by successive reflectiors, and, then, care should be taken -that only radiation with a giveIl pa-th len~th can reach the receiver, and radiation ~l~ith a di~f:ereI~t path len~th is screened there so as -to avoid uns}larpness in the signal transmlsslon 25 caused by path 'en~th differences.
~ . 5C show~q still another solution ln which the trans-ducer 43 is coupled to a memory 45 in ~-~hich the measurement results can be stored. A~ter the tube is retracted again, the measurement results can be read out fro~n said menory~ ~imirg signals should be 30 recorded then at the s~u1le time so as to allow to relate ~he measure-ments to the insertion depth which is continuously recorde~d above ground, this also with the associated timing siænals, Such a memory can, for instance, be formed by a small tape recorder with micro-cassettes.
~ uch a tube 1 can also be cons-tructed as a sample cutter for taking soil samples. It is usual to counteract disturbation o~ the soil sannples by wall friction by enclosinO the sa~ple by a hose~ '~'his hose is provided, in the Xno~n sar~lplers, in an annular chan~er surrounding the tube cavi-ty into which t e s,~mple is insertec~
-- 10 ~
and t.herl the hose cnn entc!r thc! cent.r.ll bore at thc lower end of this chamber -';hrou6!l an annula.r slot, and the hose i.~ elosec there 50 t`nat a pene-tratin~s sa~mple pulls the hose alons. Bendinc~ the hose around -the ec~e of this slo-t, however, can lead to damage, and also 5 soil partie es can penetrate into thls chamber~ I'herefore someti.nes a so-ealled sv.pportingg licuid will be usec. which is supplied to the hose char.ber and faeili-tates pullirg the hose througn the slot and, moreover, kee s soil partieles out of this ehamber. ~`urthermore this 1iquid aets as a lubrieart ~or the hose.
According~ to the invention sueh a eutting tube ean be made in a sinple marner as shown in ~ig. 6, ir whieh the hose ehamber ~6 is situAtecl between the eutting mouth 47 at the extretnity of -the tube 1 ancl an exit s'ot 4~ for the hose 49, so that the hose ean be pu led substantially linear'y from the ehamber l~6O Damagi~t.
15 the hose in the slot 48 is prevented then, an~l, moreover, penetra-tion of soil par-lieles is prevented. ~ sut.tporting licl~uld ean, tllen, be omitted, which eonsiderably simplifies -the eonstruetion o.. the over-a'l deviee.
In orc~er to clrive the tube 1 correetly vertica1ly into 20 the soil, 'he deviee should be directed vertlea'ly as well as possible. In the ease of a device mounted on a vehie~e, g~enera'ly jaek eylinders will be used having piston rods ~rovided with foot plntes which can be driven ouiwards by a pressu.re rleclium sueh as oil for relievin~D; the spr.ings o~ tlle veh:ie e, and~by a separate 25 pressure mecliw!l supply towarc`s thc clif:Perent eylin&ers~the floor of the vehlele ean be hori~on-tnll.y adjus-ted.
'l'.he invention provides means for eonsiderably aceelerating these operations and ma`;ing t.hem inclerendent o~ hwnan intervertion anci, thus, of e.rrors. To that end a speeial sensor shown in ~i~. 7 30 is prefernbly used~ 'rhis sensor eomprises a substant~ally eylinciri-eal housing 50 .rilleci with oi.l, in whien a float 51 o ir.sul~.ting materia' is prov~de& whieh, ~y means oP a spr-ing 52, -is ~er,t in the eentre when the housirg 50 is direeted ~ertieally~ Tn the inner wall o~P the housing eleetrica1 eortaets 5~ are provided adapted to eon 35 taet the P~oat 51 as soon as t`^e housir-,g 50 has been removed sorne-whnt from the vertieal orientation "he spring 52 is, wi-th these eleetrical eon-tacts, ineludecl in a eontxol eireuit by means oP
whieh, in eorrespondenee ,rith the orien~ation of the float~ the pressure mec?.ium sup~'y towc:rcls the cli..r:Pexe.nt ~ne~s ean be recu].ated4 ~ st, automcltic ~nd accure~te orientation of the device c~n be obtained thereby.
The device according to the invention can al~o be used for driving a drainage tape into the ground by means of a protecting 5 tube which iB flnally retracted again, leavlng a a wedge-shaped driving end piece -to which the tape is attached iD the soil, ~ he embodiments allowing a cont~nuous dri~ing force to be exerted are particularly ~uitable for sounding purpo~es, as an inter-rupted movement of a ~ounding tube may influence the measurement re-~0 BUl't~;.
In the embodiment of ig. 4 the drlvlng motora 38 and 40can, of course also be electric motors.
Many other modiflcatione are possible wlthin the ~cope of the lnvention ae defined in the appended callm~.
~ or executing soil investigation, a tube is driven sub-stantially vertically into the soil, which tube, at or near i-ts lower extremity, is constructed either as a sounding tube 7 in which case i-t is provided with means for determinin~ the resistance 5 a~ainst dis~lacement, e.g. in the form of a so-called sounding cone andjor sounding sleeve, or as a samp1ing tool by means of which a sa~ple of the soil can be ta~en in order to be investigated in a laboratory.
In order to press such a tube into -the soil, use is made 10 of a device, which is generally arranged in a vehicle, com~risin~
a yoke which is to be brou~ht into enga~elllent with the upper ex-tremity of the tube~ which ~oke is cou~led with the pistons of the two pressure meditun cy inders which are arranged at both sides of the tube. ~s soon as the tube has been pressed downwards by means of 15 said yoke over the piston stroke, the yoke is moved upwards again, and another tube is connected to the fornler tube by means of a screw-thread connection, and then the tube is pressed further down-wards. The force required therefor can be derived from the pressure of the pressure medium (generally oil). In the case of a sounding 20 tube this force is generally determined by means of a transducer provided between the sounding tube and the yolce, and, on the other hand, force sensors are of-ten arran~ed in the lower end part~ which are adap-ted to produce an elec-trical s:igna:!. which is a nleasure for the resistanc~-~ met with, and which can be processed further at the 25 surfaceO
As soon as the tube has reached the desired or maximum possible depth, a pulling head is mounted on the yoke, whlch is adapted to enga~e the tube in such a manner that, by means of said yoke, a pulling force can be exerted on the tube. Such a pulling 30 head can, for instance, comprise a conical inner wall and a plura-lity o~ balls arranged in several layers within a cage, the di-ameter of said balls in the different layers being such that, if a tube is inserted through said cage with balls, the conical wall surface uniformly presses said balls against the tube surface, ~5 so that the pulllng force will be transferred onto tne tube~
hn objection of such devices is tnat they are rather bulky and henvy, ~nd mus-t, theret`o.re~ be arran~ed in or on a vehicle~
~`or measuremellts in di~icultl~ accessi.ble locations, in particular in existing buiIdi.ngs, e.g. for determining the bearing capacity of the foundatlon in view of reconstruction ~orks, or in dif~icultly 5 accesslble fielàs, these known devices are not suitable.
It is an object of the invention to provide a device .~or the latter purposes which does not show these objections and is, in particular but not exclusively, suitable for being constructed in a transportable and, if required, portable manner.
To that end, the device according to the invention is characterised in that the driving means ~or the tube ~rip around said tube substantially coaxially.
In a first embodiment, said driving means comprise a single cyllnder having a piston and associated piston rod which 15 are made hollow, and this in such a manner that the tube can be led through the interiorthereof, snid piston rod bein connected to a head by means of which -the pressing and pullin~ f`orces can be trans-ferred on the tube. '~his unitnry construction without~ yokeprovidee a substantial simplification in respect o~ the known constructions 20 with two cylinders, and,furthermore, lea~ to substantially smaller dimensions, and, moreover, a pressure acting on the tube in an accurately axial direction is ensured.
In a second embodiment of the invention, the drivins means comprise at least one unit consisting of n pair of mutually 25 oppositely arranged driving wheels with a concave rim profile adapted to the shape of the tube to be driven, at least one o~ said wheels o such a unit being connected to a dri~ing motor, in par-ticular a hydxaulic motor, and,in particular, several units can be superposed along the tube, means being provided in each unit :Eor 30 dri~ing the wheels towards one another so as to increase the clamping force.
With such a device the tube can be driven continuously itself, ~u~ it is also possible to drive thereby an auxiliary tube which is provided with means adapted to be brought into engagement ~5 with the tube to be driven into the soil, and corresponding to the means used in -the first embodiment.
If the driving means operate in a discontinuous manner and are to be reset when providing or taking away an extensior tube section, preferably a special coupling element is used which is nrranged in a horizontal sliding æuide connected to the driving means, so as -to allo~ this el~ent to be slid away laterall~ for clearing the passage for a tube, and this element can be con-structed as a pressing or pulling head respectively, said guide 5 being adapted to allow the replacement of R pressing head by a ~ulling head and vice versa.
For application in the case of a sounding tube with an inner rod which is connected to a measurins element, the pressure head can be provided with a rotatable fitting with two bores of a 10 different die~eter, the narrower one forming an abutment shoulder for the upper e~tremity of the upper tube section but allowing the inner rod to pass so as to bring said inner rod into enæa~sment with a superposed force meter, whereas the wider bore also passes the sounding tube so that the latter itself will, then, engage said 15 force meter. In the latter case, for instance, -the lateral friction in the soil a!ong the soundine tube can be measured.
~ or retracting the tube, preferclbly a special pulling head is used comprisin~ a sleeve surroundinæ the tube in which a plurali-ty of slightly upwardly inclined strips of ~etal or the like are 20 arranged having, at their free extremity, a concave rounding adapted to the tube per phery. By means of such a head the friction force required for the pulling force can be distributed lllore evenly over the tube surface, so that the latter will not be damaged, this in contrast to the above-mentioned pulling heads with balls which, in 25 a rather s1llall n~ ber, are being brought into enga~el~ent with the tube wall.
I~hen using a sounding tube with an inner rod, the ex~
tension tube sections are preferably provided with inner rods which are secured against falling out, this in contrast to the 30 known constructions.
T~ electrical force transducers or the like are provided in the lower portion of the sounding tube, a pressing or pulling head resp. is to be used whlch is provided with recesses for passing a measuring cord~ ~urthermore it can be advisable to arrange the 35 current source for the measuring circuit in the lower par-t, and then, in particular, the inner rods o the sounding tubes sections can be used as a conductor for signal circuits, said inner rods being pro-vided with coupling means adapted to interconnect adjacent rods electrically; the contact resistance between the VariOUS inner r~d _ ~L _ sections will, then, have no inrluence on tho si~nal availnble at the transducersA The time-conswnln3 and troublesome strir.glng of`
the soundin~ tubes on an electric c~ble is, then, superfluous.
Instea~ of electrical signal transer, also modulated 5 radiation can be used, and then, in the lower portion o~ the soundin~ tube, a raclia-tion source, in particular a laser diode, and in the upper end portion o~ this tube a photo-diode or the lilce wlll be arranged. The inner tube diameter is, preferably, chosen as lar~e as is compati~le with -the strength of the tube so as to keep ~ree 10 a direct radiation path even in the case o bending of the tube.
~t is also possible to polish the inner wall so as to allow, if necessary7 radiation transmission by re~lection, but then care should be taken to avoid disturbing signal broadening by transit time dif~erences, e.g. by a suitable choise o~ the modul~tion shape 15 or by screening off undesired radiation directions near the photo-diode.
It can sometimes be ~avOurable to include in the lower porti.on o~ the soundin~ tube a memory in which the Measurement results can be stored, which can be read out la-ter a-ter retraction 20 o~ the soundin~ -tubes, and a ti~lng signal should, then,be recorded, allowing to correlate the measure~ents with the insertion depths recorded at the surface. ~s a memory, besides a usual electronic memory, also a s~.all tape recorder with micro-cassettes can be used.
Such a tube can also be constructed E~S a soil sample 25 cutter, an improvelllent being obtained by accommodating the usual hose,used or reducing the friction between the soil s~llple and the tube wall, in a chamber surrounding the sample space o~ the tube, said chamber being situated between the cutting mouth at t~Ae lower extremity of the tube and the exit slot between said chamber and 30 the sample space, so that the hose provided in this cha~ber can be pulled straishtly upwards through the slot, intrusion of soil particles lnto said chamber being hampered, and damaging the hose in the slot beinO avoided then, so that the use o a supporting liquid,as is required in the current soil sample cutters in wnich 35 the hose is deflected by 180 in tne slot,will be super~luous.
~ uch a deYice for driving a tube into the soil should be directed vertically as well as possibleA To that end, as usual, hydraulically a~tuated ~acks can be used by means o- which the carrier o~ the device, in particular a vehi.cle, can be supported.
Accordi.rlrr to -the invention, r~.re:rerMbly nn inc~ination sensor is used then, cons.sting of a housin,r fil'ed with oil in w`nich an elec'rica1ly conductive bocy is resi'ient'y supported, which body will contac~ electrical contac~s prov:ided around the circumference 5 as soon as the housing .is not directed exact'y vertically, which body and contacts are included in a cor~rol circuit for the pressure mediun supply. Inc'ination .neters to be ~rovided in soundirg tubes adapted to measure the inclination of the tube,so as to correlate the inclination with -the depth measurement~are ~nown per se. For 10 directing a devi.ce of the present kind, however, inclination meters have not yet been ùsed. The sensor according to -the invention allows to direct -the device in a fast and ~reclse manner.
The invention will be elucidated in more detail below by reference to a drawing, showing in:
Fig. 1 a lateral view, partly in section, of a first em-bodiment of the invention;
~igs. ~ ~nd B a la-ter.1:' view, partly in section, of a special pulling head for such a de~tice, and a top view of an e~ement of thi.s pulling head resp.;
Fig. 3 a section of a specia' ~ressing~ head with a measuring body for such a device;
Fig~ 4 a diagrammatlc to~ view o~ an other embodiment of a device accord ng to the invention;
~igs. 5~, B and C highly s Illplified representations of 25 different means for transmltting signals n such a device;
l~ig~ 6 a sil~lpli.f:ied representation, partly i.n section, of a cuttlng tube -to be used in sucll a devlce; and Fig. 7 a diagrammatic cross-section of a si~.ple inclina-tion sensor ~or such a device.
In Fig. 1 a flrst embodiment of the device according to the invention is diagrammatically shown, which device is intended for pressing a tube 1 into the soil and, respectively,pulling it therefrom again, which tube is, in particular, a sounding tube.
This device co~prises an annular cy1inder space 2 defined 35 between an outer wall 3 and a coaxial inner wa'l 4 7 the inner wall 4 definingr L~ sp~ce 5 in which t~e tube 1 fits w th some play.
In the cylinder spa.ce 2 an annular piston 6 sealingly contracting the walls 3 and 4 by meAns o~ sealing rings 7 is sli-dable. This ~iston 6 is cornected to a tubular ~i.s-ton rod 8 ~uided -- 6 ~
by n1onns of seal.5 9 in a cat? 10 c:'.osin~ the 5~ace 2. ~t the upper end o~ the piston rocl S a f`lnnge 11 is mounted on which a horizontal sliding Ouide 12 is provided in which a ri~ 1~ o~ a oressin~ head 14 to he described be_ow i.s horizontally sliciable, so tha-t, "hen 5 slid:ing away this head, the inner spnce 5 of the inner wall 4 be-comes accessible from above so as to insert a tube 1 into it, which tube can be an extension tube which can be scre-.~ed on another tube section 1 alre2dy pressed downwards.
The piston 6 is shown in its lowest ~osition, and can be 10 moved upwards by supplying a pressure mediu~., e.~. oil, the stroXe length corresponding to the len~th of the tube sections :Erom which -the tube 1 is to be assembled. ~fter having slid away the head 14 in the highest ooslt~on~ another tube section can be introduced into the space ~ and screwed on the precedin~ tube section, after which 15 the head 14 can be sl:;d bac'c so that lt can be brought into enga~e-ment with the upper extremi-cy of the tube. Thereafter the pres~ure medium will be supplied to the upper sidc of the piston 6 so as to press the tube 1 further into the soil.
The cylinder wall 3 is mounted in a foot 15 which is im-20 mobilised in respect of the soil in a mallner not shown. ~his footis1 for instance1 mounted on a suficiently heavy vehicle, but can also be .i~ed by means of ~roun~ anchors or the like. The latter will be the case if the clevice is constructed as a portable one which is adapted for bein$ usecl in inacce6sible places (e~g. in a 25 basement or the like).
Such a device reauires lit-tle s~ce, slnce only one cylinder without a bridge piece is used. Only the æuide 12 is laterally protrudin~, but can be relatively short. The pressure medium source can be mounted seoarately from the device, and can be 30 coupled thereto by !neans o. ~ressure hoses.
In order to retract a tube 1 pressed into the soil, the rim 16 of a pu'ling head 17 accordin6 to ~ig. 2 can be slid into the ~uide 12. Instead of the usual pu'.lin~ heads with balls bearing on a wedse-shaped surface and adapted to contact the ou-ter side of 35 the tube 1, which may locally indent the tubes, use has now been made of a plurallty of lip~ 13 made of hard steel or the like which are fixed at a sli6ht upward inclination in the wal:L of the head 17, and are provided, at their free extremi.ty, with a recess with a rounded boundary ed~e having a curvature which corresponds to that o:E the extern-~:l surF.~ce o:E a tube 1. r"ne n-l!nber of lips 18 deperlds on the w.Ath tlereor, t.he depth o t~e .recess, anc`~ the r~c~ui-ed hs soor ~s a tl~be 1 arrives into the space between the 5 lips 1S from be ow, the rims oF the recesses 19 come intc contact with the tube ~.~all. ihen retracting the head 15, the tube 1 is ærinped fir~ly between the lips 18. Since the c'~ing Eorce has, now, been distributed over a mucn larger surface portioll OI the tube walI than in the case o F cl c~nping balls, -the tube wa'l will 10 not be damaged. On pressing downwards the head 17, the lips 18 will be released automatically, and the head can be removed Erom the tube.
In Fig. 3 a cross-section oE a special embodiment of the pressure head 14 is shown, which serves, nt the s.~ne ti~ne, as a 15 Eorce meter. In this c~se the tube 1 compr-.;ses an inner rod 20 which is ~uided slidab1y in thc tube 1, and is, at the lower end, con-nected to a mcnsuring cone or the lilce for determini~s the soil resistallce. Jach extension tube section is providecl with such a rod 20, and the end Eaces of ad~acent rods 20 can contac-t each other.
20 In order to avoid that the rods 20 fall out of the corresponding tube sections, each rod is provided with one or more rings 21 which can abut against a corresponding shoulder 22 in the tube section 1 in question so as to prevent falling out.
In the head 14 a piston 23 is situated, a~ainst which the 25 rod 20 of the uppermost tube section w:ill bear when the head is pressed on the tube section. The s~nce 24 above the piston 23 conl-municates, by means o:E a ~`itti.n~ 25, with a pressure meter or force transducer,not shown,for mea6urinS the force acting on the rod 20.
The end face of the tube 1 bears on a shoulder 26 which is 30 in a fixed position in respect of the head. This shoulder forms a part of a rotatable insert 27, and is defined by a through bore 28 in said insert throu~h which the rod 20 extends upwards. Trans ~ersely to the bore 28 a second wider bore 24 is ormed in the in-sert~ If the in.sert 27 ls turned 90 by means of a ha~dle 30, the 35 wider borc 29 is positioned in alignment with the tube 1~ This bore is ~ider than the tube 1 so -that, then, the end face of the tube 1 will bear against the piston 23. This position wi'l. be used if1 for instance, the adhesion force exerted on the tube 1 by the .soil is to be measured~
:~';t~
~ ir~ r shows an other e?nbodi?1lent of the device of the in-venti0n for ?ressing a tube into t`ae soil. r~his device eomprises ~t least one unit 31, but, if ref~uired, a plurality thereof can be su~erposed. ~ach unit conmprises a pair of wheels 32 and 3~ witn an 5 outer riTn of subst2~ntiRlly semicircu1ar cross-sec-tion, which wheels thus define & subs-tantially circ-nlar cavity 34 in which a tube to be driven will fi-t. The ~/`neel rinls can be roughened or can be ~ro-vided with a rr;ction covering n order to increase the grip on such l tube. r~he wheel 33 is contained in a yoke 35 coupled to a ~ressure 10 mediwn cy inder 36 by means of which this yo`~e car be pressed against the other wheel 32 so as to improve the grip on the inter-posed tube sti.ll more.
The shaft 37 o~ the wheel 32 is coupled to a hydraulic motor 38 adapted to drive the w`neel 3v. If a larger driving force 15 is desired, also the shaFt 39 of the wheel ~3 enn be eoupled to a motor 40. '~he dr Villg force can be increased sti'l further by ln-ereasin~ the number of units 31.
Such a unit ean, For instanee, be used to drive a tube 1 directly so as -to obtain a substantia'ly continuous drive~ Coupling 20 extension tube seetions can ake plase during drivins. It is, how-ever, also ~ossible to use such a unit for driving a tube eorres pondinO to t~e piston rod 6 0 r ~i g ~ 1~ adapted to connect thereto a pressin~ head 14 and/or a pullin~ head 17.
Instead of a pressure head 14 with a foree meter aeeor-25 ding to ~ , other force measurin~g apparatuses can be used, inparticular measurinO cones or the lil;e with electrieal force trans-ducers. In thnt CaSf' a simple pressing head witllout measuring bodies can be used, but, then, said head should be provided with a recess for passing the measurin6 cord. `~or the l~easuring cord is to be ~0 stringed through all tne tube sections to be used sinee the use of extension cords with contact nlugs and soc~ets would lead to too hi~h contaet resistances. 0f eourse ~ressing heads constructed in a different manne- can be used instead which, if desi-~ed, can be con-structed as a pulling head too. Such measurlng cords are, by -their ~5 nature, troublesome. r''he inven-tion provides a nunnber of possibili-ties allowing to work w:thout such .measuring cords.
~ s shown in ~ig~ 5~, R central rod 20 can be used ins-tead of a measurin~ cord, h~hich rod needs not to be slidablel and can be provided~ Rt an extref~-ity, with a fitting Lr1 in which ~he e~trenmity of` the rod 20' ol` an adjoining ~ube section ~li'l fit more or less tightly so ~ls to obtclin an e'.ec-trica1 cor!nection, and the tube sections 1 theD1se~ves serve as a return conductor. It can7 t~.en, be advisable to arrange the current source ~2 for the measuring 5 circuit near the transducer 43 in the lower par-t of the -tube 1, so as to ensure a su~ficient Yoltage reclr the transducer 43 independent of the contact resistance in the couplings between the rods 20'.
"he transducer 43 can be provided with a circuit ~hich is adapted to transI`orm the measuremert results lnto suita~le measurernellt 10 signals, e.~. in digital form.
I'nstead thereof lt i6 also possible to us~, for the signal transfer, modulated radiation, and then, as shown in Fi~. 53, the transducer 4~ can be connected to a radiation souxce 41~, e.~. a laser diode, whlch can sen~i directed radiation through the interior 15 of the tube, and at the upper extremity of the tube 1 a radiation receiver, e.~ a photo~diode, will be arranged. The tube 1 is, preferably, mnde as wide as is compatlble wi-th the strength of the tube, so as to maintain an unim~eded passaS~e for the radiation even in the case of ber~ding ot` the tube. It is also possible to polish 20 the inner wall ot` the tube 1 in such a ~anner tha-t the radiation will be trHnsferred by successive reflectiors, and, then, care should be taken -that only radiation with a giveIl pa-th len~th can reach the receiver, and radiation ~l~ith a di~f:ereI~t path len~th is screened there so as -to avoid uns}larpness in the signal transmlsslon 25 caused by path 'en~th differences.
~ . 5C show~q still another solution ln which the trans-ducer 43 is coupled to a memory 45 in ~-~hich the measurement results can be stored. A~ter the tube is retracted again, the measurement results can be read out fro~n said menory~ ~imirg signals should be 30 recorded then at the s~u1le time so as to allow to relate ~he measure-ments to the insertion depth which is continuously recorde~d above ground, this also with the associated timing siænals, Such a memory can, for instance, be formed by a small tape recorder with micro-cassettes.
~ uch a tube 1 can also be cons-tructed as a sample cutter for taking soil samples. It is usual to counteract disturbation o~ the soil sannples by wall friction by enclosinO the sa~ple by a hose~ '~'his hose is provided, in the Xno~n sar~lplers, in an annular chan~er surrounding the tube cavi-ty into which t e s,~mple is insertec~
-- 10 ~
and t.herl the hose cnn entc!r thc! cent.r.ll bore at thc lower end of this chamber -';hrou6!l an annula.r slot, and the hose i.~ elosec there 50 t`nat a pene-tratin~s sa~mple pulls the hose alons. Bendinc~ the hose around -the ec~e of this slo-t, however, can lead to damage, and also 5 soil partie es can penetrate into thls chamber~ I'herefore someti.nes a so-ealled sv.pportingg licuid will be usec. which is supplied to the hose char.ber and faeili-tates pullirg the hose througn the slot and, moreover, kee s soil partieles out of this ehamber. ~`urthermore this 1iquid aets as a lubrieart ~or the hose.
According~ to the invention sueh a eutting tube ean be made in a sinple marner as shown in ~ig. 6, ir whieh the hose ehamber ~6 is situAtecl between the eutting mouth 47 at the extretnity of -the tube 1 ancl an exit s'ot 4~ for the hose 49, so that the hose ean be pu led substantially linear'y from the ehamber l~6O Damagi~t.
15 the hose in the slot 48 is prevented then, an~l, moreover, penetra-tion of soil par-lieles is prevented. ~ sut.tporting licl~uld ean, tllen, be omitted, which eonsiderably simplifies -the eonstruetion o.. the over-a'l deviee.
In orc~er to clrive the tube 1 correetly vertica1ly into 20 the soil, 'he deviee should be directed vertlea'ly as well as possible. In the ease of a device mounted on a vehie~e, g~enera'ly jaek eylinders will be used having piston rods ~rovided with foot plntes which can be driven ouiwards by a pressu.re rleclium sueh as oil for relievin~D; the spr.ings o~ tlle veh:ie e, and~by a separate 25 pressure mecliw!l supply towarc`s thc clif:Perent eylin&ers~the floor of the vehlele ean be hori~on-tnll.y adjus-ted.
'l'.he invention provides means for eonsiderably aceelerating these operations and ma`;ing t.hem inclerendent o~ hwnan intervertion anci, thus, of e.rrors. To that end a speeial sensor shown in ~i~. 7 30 is prefernbly used~ 'rhis sensor eomprises a substant~ally eylinciri-eal housing 50 .rilleci with oi.l, in whien a float 51 o ir.sul~.ting materia' is prov~de& whieh, ~y means oP a spr-ing 52, -is ~er,t in the eentre when the housirg 50 is direeted ~ertieally~ Tn the inner wall o~P the housing eleetrica1 eortaets 5~ are provided adapted to eon 35 taet the P~oat 51 as soon as t`^e housir-,g 50 has been removed sorne-whnt from the vertieal orientation "he spring 52 is, wi-th these eleetrical eon-tacts, ineludecl in a eontxol eireuit by means oP
whieh, in eorrespondenee ,rith the orien~ation of the float~ the pressure mec?.ium sup~'y towc:rcls the cli..r:Pexe.nt ~ne~s ean be recu].ated4 ~ st, automcltic ~nd accure~te orientation of the device c~n be obtained thereby.
The device according to the invention can al~o be used for driving a drainage tape into the ground by means of a protecting 5 tube which iB flnally retracted again, leavlng a a wedge-shaped driving end piece -to which the tape is attached iD the soil, ~ he embodiments allowing a cont~nuous dri~ing force to be exerted are particularly ~uitable for sounding purpo~es, as an inter-rupted movement of a ~ounding tube may influence the measurement re-~0 BUl't~;.
In the embodiment of ig. 4 the drlvlng motora 38 and 40can, of course also be electric motors.
Many other modiflcatione are possible wlthin the ~cope of the lnvention ae defined in the appended callm~.
Claims (13)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A device for driving a rod or tube into the soil comprising means for fixedly supporting the device with respect of the ground, means for driving a tube or rod or a string of interconnected tubes or rods substantially vertically into the soil and retracting it therefrom again, said driving means comprising a housing defining a cylinder, a hollow driving piston including a piston rod moveable through a stroke within said cylinder, said piston and piston rod having a hollow bore axially therethrough such that the tubes or rods can be led through said bore, said piston rod being connected to a driving head by means of which a pressing force can be exerted on the upper end of the tube or rod being driven into the soil, said head being mounted to said housing by head coupling means including a horizontal sliding guide so as to allow said head to be shifted away laterally from the piston bore to thus expose the piston bore for insertion of a rod or tube thereinto, said head coupling means being adapted for interchangeably accepting either a pulling head or a pressing head.
2. The device of claim 1 adapted for driving a sounding tube into the soil, said tube having an inner rod connected to a measuring element wherein the pressing head is further provided with a rotatable fitting in which are defined two bores of a different diameter, the smaller one forming an abutment shoulder for the upper end of the tube but letting through the inner rod so as to allow the latter to contact an overlying force meter provided in the pressing head and the larger one letting through also the tube so that the latter itself is allowed to contact said force meter.
3. The device of claim 1 wherein said pulling head comprises a case surrounding the tube to be pulled and in which a plurality of somewhat upwardly inclined strips of steel or the like are mounted said strips having a free extremity provided with a recess adapted to engage the circumference of the tube so as to hold the tube against downward movement relative to said pulling head but allowing upward sliding movement therethrough.
4. The device of claim 1 adapted for driving a string consisting of a plurality of interconnected extension tubes each extension tube including an axially slidable central rod further comprising means for securing the central rods of each extension tube against falling out from said tubes.
5. The device of claim 1 in which the tube being driven is constructed as a sample cutting tube provided near its lower end with a chamber surrounding a sample cavity, said chamber accommodating a hose, which chamber communicates with the sample cavity by means of an exit slot, the sample cavity being situated between the lower end of the tube and the exit slot.
6. A device for driving a rod or tube into the soil comprising means for fixedly supporting the device in respect of the ground and means for driving a tube or rod or a string of interconnected tubes or rods substantially vertically into the soil and retracting it therefrom again, wherein the driving means comprise one or more drive units each drive unit having a pair of opposed driving wheels with a concave rim profile adapted to the cross-section of the tube to be driven, at least one of the wheels of each said unit being connected to a driving motor, and tensioning means for urging said wheels against a tube placed therebetween, the driving wheel of said pair being adapted to engage the smooth outer surface of a tube without slipping.
7. The device of claim 6 adapted to a sounding tube provided with electrical measuring elements, wherein said driving means comprise a drive unit to be brought into engagement with the tube, said drive unit allowing passage of cable means connected to said measuring elements.
8. The device of claim 6 further comprising a sounding tube provided with electric measuring elements, and a current source for the measuring elements arranged near the lower end of said tube.
9. The device of claim 8, in which the tube being driven consists of a plurality of interconnected tube sections and each tube section is provided with a central rod, the central rods being provided with coupling means adapted for making an electrical connection between the central rods of adjoining tube sections.
10. The device of claim 7 further comprising a radiation source in particular a laser diode mounted near said measuring elements, and an element sensitive to the emitted radiation, in particular a photo-diode, arranged at the upper end of said sounding tube.
11. The device of claim 10, wherein the inner tube diameter is chosen as large as is compatible with the strength required of the tube.
12. The device of claim 10, wherein the inner wall of the tube is smoothly polished.
13. The device of claim 8 further comprising a memory element mounted near saih measuring elements, means being provided for registering a timing signal, thereby to enable correlation of the electrical measurements stored in said memory to insertion depths recorded above ground.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL8105859A NL8105859A (en) | 1981-12-26 | 1981-12-26 | DEVICE FOR SOIL EXAMINATION. |
| NL8105859 | 1981-12-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1200118A true CA1200118A (en) | 1986-02-04 |
Family
ID=19838618
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000418450A Expired CA1200118A (en) | 1981-12-26 | 1982-12-23 | Soil investigation device |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0083141B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS58135935A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE45778T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1200118A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3279902D1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI824391L (en) |
| HK (1) | HK87792A (en) |
| IN (1) | IN161018B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8105859A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO161229C (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2243173B (en) * | 1990-03-27 | 1994-06-29 | Seafloors Eng Inc | Self-contained apparatus and method for determining the static and dynamic loading characteristics of a soil bed |
| US5127261A (en) * | 1990-03-27 | 1992-07-07 | Fugro-Mcclelland Leasing, Inc. | Self-contained apparatus and method for determining the static and dynamic loading characteristics of a soil bed |
| CN101813576B (en) * | 2010-05-04 | 2011-12-28 | 张龙云 | Interval type soil sampler |
| CN113358402B (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2022-08-19 | 中国煤炭地质总局第一勘探局科教中心 | Be used for engineering geological exploration soil sampling tube convenient to expand |
| CN115615741B (en) * | 2022-12-01 | 2023-03-10 | 江苏龙环环境科技有限公司 | Adjustable soil sampling device for environmental protection detection and use method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2774240A (en) * | 1951-04-09 | 1956-12-18 | Fur Grundwasserbauten Ag | Soil testing apparatus |
| NO116195B (en) * | 1965-02-19 | 1969-02-10 | Sven Melker Nilsson | |
| US3379052A (en) * | 1965-09-20 | 1968-04-23 | Earle A. Howard | Soil penetrometer |
| GB1176595A (en) * | 1968-09-16 | 1970-01-07 | Shell Int Research | Method and means for determining soil resistance of subsurface layers. |
| US3960448A (en) * | 1975-06-09 | 1976-06-01 | Trw Inc. | Holographic instrument for measuring stress in a borehole wall |
| DE2545692B2 (en) * | 1975-10-11 | 1978-03-16 | Dornier System Gmbh, 7990 Friedrichshafen | Device for the transmission of measurement data from a borehole, in particular a deep borehole |
| US4033186A (en) * | 1976-08-06 | 1977-07-05 | Don Bresie | Method and apparatus for down hole pressure and temperature measurement |
-
1981
- 1981-12-26 NL NL8105859A patent/NL8105859A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1982
- 1982-12-21 FI FI824391A patent/FI824391L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1982-12-22 NO NO824323A patent/NO161229C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-12-23 AT AT82201654T patent/ATE45778T1/en active
- 1982-12-23 CA CA000418450A patent/CA1200118A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-12-23 EP EP82201654A patent/EP0083141B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-12-23 DE DE8282201654T patent/DE3279902D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-12-24 IN IN1490/CAL/82A patent/IN161018B/en unknown
- 1982-12-24 JP JP57226429A patent/JPS58135935A/en active Pending
-
1992
- 1992-11-12 HK HK877/92A patent/HK87792A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO824323L (en) | 1983-06-28 |
| FI824391A0 (en) | 1982-12-21 |
| NO161229B (en) | 1989-04-10 |
| HK87792A (en) | 1992-11-20 |
| JPS58135935A (en) | 1983-08-12 |
| NO161229C (en) | 1989-07-19 |
| EP0083141B1 (en) | 1989-08-23 |
| DE3279902D1 (en) | 1989-09-28 |
| IN161018B (en) | 1987-09-12 |
| NL8105859A (en) | 1983-07-18 |
| ATE45778T1 (en) | 1989-09-15 |
| EP0083141A3 (en) | 1985-01-09 |
| EP0083141A2 (en) | 1983-07-06 |
| FI824391L (en) | 1983-06-27 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |