CA1192482A - Wheelchair and attachment therefor - Google Patents
Wheelchair and attachment thereforInfo
- Publication number
- CA1192482A CA1192482A CA000404621A CA404621A CA1192482A CA 1192482 A CA1192482 A CA 1192482A CA 000404621 A CA000404621 A CA 000404621A CA 404621 A CA404621 A CA 404621A CA 1192482 A CA1192482 A CA 1192482A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- wheels
- wheelchair
- pair
- frame
- lever
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
- A61G5/00—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs
- A61G5/10—Parts, details or accessories
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
- A61G5/00—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs
- A61G5/10—Parts, details or accessories
- A61G5/1083—Quickly-removable wheels
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Handcart (AREA)
Abstract
(21) ABSTRACT
An improvement is made in a wheelchair having front caster wheels and rear drive wheels whereby the seated occupant can unaidedly cause the wheelchair to have lateral mobility and can remove the drive wheels. The modification is achieved by jacking apparatus 23 asso-ciated with each drive wheel 21. The jacking apparatus has a lever 24 adapted to be moved to a self-locking position which downwardly urges a connecting rod 26, causing telescopic displacement of a rear caster wheel 29.
Such downward displacement of the rear caster wheels lifts the rear drive wheels off the underlying support surface.
An improvement is made in a wheelchair having front caster wheels and rear drive wheels whereby the seated occupant can unaidedly cause the wheelchair to have lateral mobility and can remove the drive wheels. The modification is achieved by jacking apparatus 23 asso-ciated with each drive wheel 21. The jacking apparatus has a lever 24 adapted to be moved to a self-locking position which downwardly urges a connecting rod 26, causing telescopic displacement of a rear caster wheel 29.
Such downward displacement of the rear caster wheels lifts the rear drive wheels off the underlying support surface.
Description
!
2~
D~SCRIPT:I ON
TITI,E: ~E{E:EI,C~I~IR ANr) ~TTACII~ENT THEREFO~<
~5) TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention concerns improvements in wheelchairs, and more particularly relates to an improved wheelch~ir wherein the wheelchair-reliant person can without assistance modify the dimensional and mobility charac-510) texistics of said wheelchair.BA~KGROUND ART
Wheelchairs are generally constructed having a pair of small forward wheelsl each supported by an overhead pivoted yoke which permits the wheel to turn 360~ about (15) a vertical axis, and a pair of opposed lar~e rear wheels positioned at each side of the chair on horizontally disposed axles which permit xotation of said rear wheels in fixed vertical planes. The rear wheels, when sim~l-taneously pushed or pulled by the disabled occupant (20) propel the wheelchair in foxward or reanYard directions.
~ hen one rear wheel is pushed more than thP other, or when one rear wheel is pushed while the other is maintained motionless or pulled in the reverse direction, the wheelchair can be made to perform turning motions.
(25) One motion however, that the conventional wheelchair is incapable of is a lateral or sideways translational motion in the direction of the hoxizontal axles of the rear wheels. Such sideways motion is particularly valuable in confined quarters which cannot accommodate (30~ the size or turning radius of the large rear wheels, and ~.~
-. (2) ~92~
--~ where omniclirectional movement is necessa~.
Wheelchairs haviny remo~able rear wheels have bee disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,098,521 and elsewhere. ..
~$~ Although removal o the rear ~h~els substantially conver-ts the ~rheelchair fro~ a self-propelled to an attendant-propelled state, the feature of optional removability of the rear wheels affords the following advantages:
a) easier storage of the wheelchair, particularly in ~10) an automobile, b) el ;m; n~tes the need of the user to lift or be lifted above the top of the rear wheels for side-ways transfer from or to the seat which is gener-ally below the top of the rear wheels, and (15) c) narrowing of the lateral size of the wheelchair, thereby facilitating passage through narrow aisles~
Although U.S. Patent 4~0g~,~21 discloses that the large wheels may be removed while the occupant is in ~he wheelchair, it is unlikely that this can be accomplishea ~20) by the occupant without assistance because to do so requires the rearward tilting of the wheelchair to a very precarious position while simultaneously disengaging the large wheels.
It is accoxdingly an object of the present invention ('5) to provide a wheelchair having opposed large rear wheels mounted on horizontal axles, said wheels being removable by the seated occupant of saia wheelchair~
It is a fuxther object to provide a wheelchair of the aforesaid nature wherein said wheels may be safely removed by said occupant unaidedly by the performance oE
. ~,~p, (3~ g ~
two separate and sequential manipula-tions.
It is another object of this invention to prov;de a wheelchair cap~ble of motion in the direction oE said tS) hori~ontal axles.
It is a ~urthex object to provide a wheelchair of the aforesaid nature ~hich, by a sing~e manipulation rapidly achievable by the seated occupant, can be modified so as to have rolling mo~ility in the direction of said (10) hori~ontal axles~
It is a still further object of this invention ~o provide apparatus which can be attached to a conventional wheelchair to achieve the fore~oing objects.
These objects and other objects and advantages of the (15) invention will be apparent from the following description.
- DISCLOSURE O~ INVENTION
The above and other beneficial objects and advantages are accomplished in accordance with the present invention ~y an -~provement in an other~ise cQnv~nt~n~l wheelchair (20) comprised of a frame having paired rear vertical posts, front caster wheels mounted on said frame, seating means associated with said frame generally behind and above said front caster wheels, and a pair of rear drive wheels rotatably supported by said rear vertical posts on oppo-(25) site sides of said seating means and adapted to rotate in vertical planes about horizontally disposed axles, said drive wheels preferably being equipped with quick discon-nect means to facilitate their removal from and return to said wheelchair.
; t30) The improvement of the present invention comprises jac~ing apparatus capa~le of li-fting at least the re~r por-~ion of the wheelchair to an eleva-ted heigh t where said drive wheels are no longer res~ing upon the support t5~ surfàce for said wheelchair, and a pair of xear caster wh~els~ journalled to said frc~me in association with said jacking apparatus in a manner to engage said support surface when the rear portion of the wheelchair is lifted.
The jacking apparatus is preferably associated with the ~lO) axles of said drive wheels. ~ever components of said - jacking apparatus axe situated within reach of the occu-pant seated in the wheelchair, and are adapted for movement in a substantially vertical plane to cause the jacking apparatus to raise or lower the rear-caster ~15) wheels, whereby the rear portion o the wheelchair is - respectively lowered or raised.
In a preferred embodiment, the rear caster wheels are telescopically engaged with the frame in a downwardly ~irected ~a~ner sllch that, when not in operative position (20) ~he distance between ~he center of the driue wheel axle and the lowermost portion of an associated rear caster wheel is less than the radius of the drive wheel. In such non-operative or standby position, the rear caster wheels do not contact the support surface. When placed in (25) operational position by means of said levers, the distance between the center of the drive wheel axle and lowermos-t portion of the associated rear caster wheels becomes greater than the radius of the drive wheels, thereby causing the lowermost portions of the drive wheels to (30) rise from contact with the support surface.
- (5) The wheelchair may be oE a conventional foldable construction, ancl said seat:ing means ma~ h~ve ~lexi~le seatrest ana backrest portions. Removable foot and leg ~5) supports may be associated wi-th the for~ard end of the wheelchair. Armrest members may be associated with said seating means, and clothing protectors mav be vertically disposed between said armrest members and the lowermost extremity of said seating means. A circular handrail ~10) may be coaxially disposed about each of said drivP wheels to facilitate their manipulation.
The term caster wheel, as employed herein, is intended to denote a wheel pivotably mounted ~rom above in a m~nner permitting rotation in a vertical plane and ~15) 360Q of turning about a vertical axis The manner of mounting generally involves a yoke which spans said wheel in engagement with opposite extremities of the wheel's hori20ntally disposed axle, and pivotably engagPs ~n overhead ~upport. In the preferred emhodiment of the (20) improved wheelchair of the present invention, when the rear castex wheels are activated ~o support the ~Jheel-chair, ~aid wheelchair is capable of movement in any direction whether or not the drive wheels are removed because it is supported by four caster wheels. In such (25) state, movement of the wheelchair is accomplished by the occupant by applying pulling or pushing ~orce to nearby objects such as walls in a con~ined area.
The lever-operated jacking apparatus may be installed onto newly manufactuxed wheelchairs designed to accommo-(30) date said jacking apparatus, or said jacking apparatus, . ~6~ 2~2 with sli~ht structural modification, ma~ be adapted forinstallation onto existin~ conven-tional wheelchairs~
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DR~T,~INGS
(5) For a fuller understanding o the nature and objects o the invention, reference should be had to the Eo].lowing detailea descrip~ion taken in connection wlth the accompanying drawing forming a part of this specification and in which similar numerals or reference indicate (10) corresponding parts in all the figures of the drawing:
~ igure 1 is a rear perspective view o-f a wheelchair equipped with an embodiment of 3acking apparatus of the present invention, showing said wheelchair in its upwardly jacked position.
~153 Figure 2 is ar. enlarged fxagmentary sectional view taken along the line 2-2 of Figure 1, showing the wheel-chair in its upwardly jacked position.
Figure 3 is an enlarged fragmentary side view ~aken ng ~he l.:e 3-~. of Figure . with '~e d.~ive whe~l (20) removed and showing the wheelchair in its lower, unjacked position. `
Figure 4 is a side view taken along the line ~-4 of Figure 2.
Figl~re 5 is an enlarged sectional view taken along (25) the line 5-5 of Figure 1.
BEST MODE OF CARR~ING OUT THE INVENTION
Referring to Figure 1, a wheelchair is shown comprised of a metal tu~ular frame 10 having paired front vertical posts 11 and paired rear vertical posts 12 (30) Diagonal support members 13 extending between lower (7) ~ %
- horizont~l connecting members 15 and upper horizont~l connectin~ member~. 16 of frame 10 are înterenga~ed by pivot pin 1~ which ellables the wheelc}lair to undergo a (5) foldin~-type motion causing lateral compaction thereof.
Front caster wheels 17 enga~e the lowexmost extremities o~ front vertical posts 11~ Si-tuated rearward and above front caster wheels 17 is seatin~ means 20 comprised of back sling 18 and seat sling 19 fabricated of compliant ~10) web-like ~a~exials and supported by por~ions of said frame. A pair of spo~ed rear drive wheels 21 having horizontally disposed hubs 22 and associated axles 30 are adapted for rotation in vertlcal planes about said axlPs.
A le~er-opexated jacking device 23 is associated ~15) with each rear vertical post 12 on the innermost or facing sides of said posts. The exemplified embodiment of jacking device shown in detail in Figures 2-4 is designed to be applied as an accessory feature ~o conven-tional wheelchairs~ Said jacking device is comprised of ~20~ a suppoxt bracket 31 adapted to be fastened to post 12 by bolt 32 which penetrates channel 33 in said post and is secured by thread in bracket 31. ~ bu~tressing protru-sion 43 affixed to bracket 31 engages post 12 to prevent rotation o said bracket about bolt 32. An axle housing (25) 35 in said bracket disposed within protrusion 43 and parallel to channel 33 is adapted to provide journalled support for axle 30 of drive wheel 21~ A lever 24 is attached to bracket 31 by first pivot means 25 J thereby permitting pivotal movement of said lever in a vertical ~30) plane. The forwardmost portion of said lever is designatecl action portion 4~, ana the rearwarclmost portion of said lever is c~esignated handle 39. A
vertical connecting rod 26 is pendantly attached by ~
(5) second pivot means comprisecl of bushing ~7 and pin 40 attached to said lever in action portion 44. The lower-most extremity of said vertical connecting rod engages a third pivot means comprised of bus`ning 46 and hori~on-tally disposed pin 27 attached to colu~n 28 which (10) suppor~s`rear caster wheel 29. Col~n 28 is adapted to t~lescopically engage tubular housing 30 pendantly supported by sleeve 37 fitted on~o horizontal connecting member 15 and joined thereto by bolts 38~
In the illustrated embodiment, connecting rod 26 is (15) shown to be of a~justable length by virtue of upper and lower threaded engagement ~eans 41 and 42 respectively associated with bushings 47 and 46, and which possess opposite threading and thereby enable connecting.rod 26 ~o unc~tion in a ~urnbuckle manner ~nen rotated ~G lt its (20) long ax-.s. To facilitate such rotation, said connecting rod may be provided with a knurled surface.
When the jacking device is activated to cause li~t~
ing, lever 24 will he in a su~stantially hori~ontal position, as shown in Figure 2. In said position, it is (25) .important to note that first pivot means 25 is above second pivot means 40, and the lever is in abutment with the innenmost extremit~ of axle housing 35 ~7hich emerges fxom the inside face 45 of buttressing protrusion 43.
Such manner of abutment prevents further downward movement (30) of handle portion 39. The position of the second pivot (9) ~ 32 mean~ h resp~c-t t~ the first pivo-t me~ns, and the ang~ oE CC)ntl~C tinc~ rod 26 bett~een said second and third pivot means ~re such th~t Eorces directed upw~rdly ~rorn ~5) r~ar cas-ter wheel 29 urge lever 24 in the direction of abutment with axle housing 35. Such factors of desig~
and construc~ion thereby constitute lGcking means which concertively act to maintain lever 24 in a ~ixed hori-20ntal position. The elements of said locking means (10) comprise an abutmen~ means such as axle housing 35, and a -force emanating rom rear caster wheel 29 and trans-mitted to said second pivot means in a mannex sexving to pivot said lever abou~ said first pivot means in the direction of said abutment means~ Properly directed force (15) transmission to the second pivot means may be secured by either proper placement o~ the second pivo~ means with . .
respect -to the first pivot means, or proper angle of the connecting rod.
The distance of separation between the centers of (20~ said fitst and second pivot means i5 essentially the distance between the uppermost and lowermost positions ~f the rear caster wheel. It is to be noted that, when lever 24 is in its upright position as shown in Figure 3, first and second pivot means are centered on a substan-(25) tially horizontal line.
Although the invention has been exempli~fied primarilyin terms o~ an embodiment wherein the jacking apparatus may be`added -to an existing conventional wheelchair, it is to be understood that the same inventive principles (30) may be applied to a wheelchair speci~ically manufactured (10) ~ ~ 92~82 ~o incc~rpora~e -the feat-lres oE the jac};ing appara-tus herein described. ~n sclicl lcltter instance, th~ rea~~
caster wheel, instead of bein~ mounted on a sleeve~like (5) fitting adapted to it onto the lower horizont~l -- connecting member, may be telescopically fitted to an extension of rear vertical post 12 below said lower horizontal connectin~ member. Furthermore, certain features of the bxac~et member may be incorporated into (103 vertical post 1~. In any embodiment of the jacking apparatus of this invention, it is prefexable to locate the rear caster wheel no closer to the front o~ the wheel-chair than the axles of sai~ drive wheels, the reason being to prevent the wheelchair from toppling over (15) rea~ardly.
Braking means, operable by the seated occupant of the wheelchair may be provided to afford greater control over the motion of the wheelchair when it is in its jacked-up mode and capable of omnidirectional movement.
(2~) ~uch braki1l~ slea~s may be lever-act~vated devices wnich cause frictional restraint between the fxame and the ground or rear caster wheels.
The quic~ly detachable drive wheels utili2ed in the pre~erred embodimen~ of wheelchair of the present inven-(25) tiGn are of standard manufacture. In Figure 5, whichschematically illustrates the general features of a detachable drive wheel, a sliding rod 50 position~d within channel 51 in axle 30 rests in abutment with untensioned spring 52 confined in the closed end 53 of ~30) axle 30. A detent 54 which extends outwardly from axle 30 ~`- and com~lurlicates with channel 51 is associated with a tensioned sprin~ 55 which maintains a force on detent 5~
tending to draw it inwarclly toward channel 51. The innex (5~ end of said detent is normally in abutment with the cylindrical surface o~ rod 50, said abutment causing the outer end o said detent to protrude ~rom axle 30.
However, when rod 50 is pressed toward the closed end of axle 30, a depressed portion 56 is brought beneath (10) detent 54. Such action causes detent 54 to temporarily enter axle 30, thereby releasing axle 30 and its asso-ciated drive wheel from fixed engagement with axle housing 35.
While particular examples of the present invention (15) have been shown and describea, it is apparent that ~hanyes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the invention in its broadest aspects~
The aim of the appended claims, therefore, is to cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the true (20) spirit and scop~ of the in~ention.
I
t25) (30)
D~SCRIPT:I ON
TITI,E: ~E{E:EI,C~I~IR ANr) ~TTACII~ENT THEREFO~<
~5) TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention concerns improvements in wheelchairs, and more particularly relates to an improved wheelch~ir wherein the wheelchair-reliant person can without assistance modify the dimensional and mobility charac-510) texistics of said wheelchair.BA~KGROUND ART
Wheelchairs are generally constructed having a pair of small forward wheelsl each supported by an overhead pivoted yoke which permits the wheel to turn 360~ about (15) a vertical axis, and a pair of opposed lar~e rear wheels positioned at each side of the chair on horizontally disposed axles which permit xotation of said rear wheels in fixed vertical planes. The rear wheels, when sim~l-taneously pushed or pulled by the disabled occupant (20) propel the wheelchair in foxward or reanYard directions.
~ hen one rear wheel is pushed more than thP other, or when one rear wheel is pushed while the other is maintained motionless or pulled in the reverse direction, the wheelchair can be made to perform turning motions.
(25) One motion however, that the conventional wheelchair is incapable of is a lateral or sideways translational motion in the direction of the hoxizontal axles of the rear wheels. Such sideways motion is particularly valuable in confined quarters which cannot accommodate (30~ the size or turning radius of the large rear wheels, and ~.~
-. (2) ~92~
--~ where omniclirectional movement is necessa~.
Wheelchairs haviny remo~able rear wheels have bee disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,098,521 and elsewhere. ..
~$~ Although removal o the rear ~h~els substantially conver-ts the ~rheelchair fro~ a self-propelled to an attendant-propelled state, the feature of optional removability of the rear wheels affords the following advantages:
a) easier storage of the wheelchair, particularly in ~10) an automobile, b) el ;m; n~tes the need of the user to lift or be lifted above the top of the rear wheels for side-ways transfer from or to the seat which is gener-ally below the top of the rear wheels, and (15) c) narrowing of the lateral size of the wheelchair, thereby facilitating passage through narrow aisles~
Although U.S. Patent 4~0g~,~21 discloses that the large wheels may be removed while the occupant is in ~he wheelchair, it is unlikely that this can be accomplishea ~20) by the occupant without assistance because to do so requires the rearward tilting of the wheelchair to a very precarious position while simultaneously disengaging the large wheels.
It is accoxdingly an object of the present invention ('5) to provide a wheelchair having opposed large rear wheels mounted on horizontal axles, said wheels being removable by the seated occupant of saia wheelchair~
It is a fuxther object to provide a wheelchair of the aforesaid nature wherein said wheels may be safely removed by said occupant unaidedly by the performance oE
. ~,~p, (3~ g ~
two separate and sequential manipula-tions.
It is another object of this invention to prov;de a wheelchair cap~ble of motion in the direction oE said tS) hori~ontal axles.
It is a ~urthex object to provide a wheelchair of the aforesaid nature ~hich, by a sing~e manipulation rapidly achievable by the seated occupant, can be modified so as to have rolling mo~ility in the direction of said (10) hori~ontal axles~
It is a still further object of this invention ~o provide apparatus which can be attached to a conventional wheelchair to achieve the fore~oing objects.
These objects and other objects and advantages of the (15) invention will be apparent from the following description.
- DISCLOSURE O~ INVENTION
The above and other beneficial objects and advantages are accomplished in accordance with the present invention ~y an -~provement in an other~ise cQnv~nt~n~l wheelchair (20) comprised of a frame having paired rear vertical posts, front caster wheels mounted on said frame, seating means associated with said frame generally behind and above said front caster wheels, and a pair of rear drive wheels rotatably supported by said rear vertical posts on oppo-(25) site sides of said seating means and adapted to rotate in vertical planes about horizontally disposed axles, said drive wheels preferably being equipped with quick discon-nect means to facilitate their removal from and return to said wheelchair.
; t30) The improvement of the present invention comprises jac~ing apparatus capa~le of li-fting at least the re~r por-~ion of the wheelchair to an eleva-ted heigh t where said drive wheels are no longer res~ing upon the support t5~ surfàce for said wheelchair, and a pair of xear caster wh~els~ journalled to said frc~me in association with said jacking apparatus in a manner to engage said support surface when the rear portion of the wheelchair is lifted.
The jacking apparatus is preferably associated with the ~lO) axles of said drive wheels. ~ever components of said - jacking apparatus axe situated within reach of the occu-pant seated in the wheelchair, and are adapted for movement in a substantially vertical plane to cause the jacking apparatus to raise or lower the rear-caster ~15) wheels, whereby the rear portion o the wheelchair is - respectively lowered or raised.
In a preferred embodiment, the rear caster wheels are telescopically engaged with the frame in a downwardly ~irected ~a~ner sllch that, when not in operative position (20) ~he distance between ~he center of the driue wheel axle and the lowermost portion of an associated rear caster wheel is less than the radius of the drive wheel. In such non-operative or standby position, the rear caster wheels do not contact the support surface. When placed in (25) operational position by means of said levers, the distance between the center of the drive wheel axle and lowermos-t portion of the associated rear caster wheels becomes greater than the radius of the drive wheels, thereby causing the lowermost portions of the drive wheels to (30) rise from contact with the support surface.
- (5) The wheelchair may be oE a conventional foldable construction, ancl said seat:ing means ma~ h~ve ~lexi~le seatrest ana backrest portions. Removable foot and leg ~5) supports may be associated wi-th the for~ard end of the wheelchair. Armrest members may be associated with said seating means, and clothing protectors mav be vertically disposed between said armrest members and the lowermost extremity of said seating means. A circular handrail ~10) may be coaxially disposed about each of said drivP wheels to facilitate their manipulation.
The term caster wheel, as employed herein, is intended to denote a wheel pivotably mounted ~rom above in a m~nner permitting rotation in a vertical plane and ~15) 360Q of turning about a vertical axis The manner of mounting generally involves a yoke which spans said wheel in engagement with opposite extremities of the wheel's hori20ntally disposed axle, and pivotably engagPs ~n overhead ~upport. In the preferred emhodiment of the (20) improved wheelchair of the present invention, when the rear castex wheels are activated ~o support the ~Jheel-chair, ~aid wheelchair is capable of movement in any direction whether or not the drive wheels are removed because it is supported by four caster wheels. In such (25) state, movement of the wheelchair is accomplished by the occupant by applying pulling or pushing ~orce to nearby objects such as walls in a con~ined area.
The lever-operated jacking apparatus may be installed onto newly manufactuxed wheelchairs designed to accommo-(30) date said jacking apparatus, or said jacking apparatus, . ~6~ 2~2 with sli~ht structural modification, ma~ be adapted forinstallation onto existin~ conven-tional wheelchairs~
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DR~T,~INGS
(5) For a fuller understanding o the nature and objects o the invention, reference should be had to the Eo].lowing detailea descrip~ion taken in connection wlth the accompanying drawing forming a part of this specification and in which similar numerals or reference indicate (10) corresponding parts in all the figures of the drawing:
~ igure 1 is a rear perspective view o-f a wheelchair equipped with an embodiment of 3acking apparatus of the present invention, showing said wheelchair in its upwardly jacked position.
~153 Figure 2 is ar. enlarged fxagmentary sectional view taken along the line 2-2 of Figure 1, showing the wheel-chair in its upwardly jacked position.
Figure 3 is an enlarged fragmentary side view ~aken ng ~he l.:e 3-~. of Figure . with '~e d.~ive whe~l (20) removed and showing the wheelchair in its lower, unjacked position. `
Figure 4 is a side view taken along the line ~-4 of Figure 2.
Figl~re 5 is an enlarged sectional view taken along (25) the line 5-5 of Figure 1.
BEST MODE OF CARR~ING OUT THE INVENTION
Referring to Figure 1, a wheelchair is shown comprised of a metal tu~ular frame 10 having paired front vertical posts 11 and paired rear vertical posts 12 (30) Diagonal support members 13 extending between lower (7) ~ %
- horizont~l connecting members 15 and upper horizont~l connectin~ member~. 16 of frame 10 are înterenga~ed by pivot pin 1~ which ellables the wheelc}lair to undergo a (5) foldin~-type motion causing lateral compaction thereof.
Front caster wheels 17 enga~e the lowexmost extremities o~ front vertical posts 11~ Si-tuated rearward and above front caster wheels 17 is seatin~ means 20 comprised of back sling 18 and seat sling 19 fabricated of compliant ~10) web-like ~a~exials and supported by por~ions of said frame. A pair of spo~ed rear drive wheels 21 having horizontally disposed hubs 22 and associated axles 30 are adapted for rotation in vertlcal planes about said axlPs.
A le~er-opexated jacking device 23 is associated ~15) with each rear vertical post 12 on the innermost or facing sides of said posts. The exemplified embodiment of jacking device shown in detail in Figures 2-4 is designed to be applied as an accessory feature ~o conven-tional wheelchairs~ Said jacking device is comprised of ~20~ a suppoxt bracket 31 adapted to be fastened to post 12 by bolt 32 which penetrates channel 33 in said post and is secured by thread in bracket 31. ~ bu~tressing protru-sion 43 affixed to bracket 31 engages post 12 to prevent rotation o said bracket about bolt 32. An axle housing (25) 35 in said bracket disposed within protrusion 43 and parallel to channel 33 is adapted to provide journalled support for axle 30 of drive wheel 21~ A lever 24 is attached to bracket 31 by first pivot means 25 J thereby permitting pivotal movement of said lever in a vertical ~30) plane. The forwardmost portion of said lever is designatecl action portion 4~, ana the rearwarclmost portion of said lever is c~esignated handle 39. A
vertical connecting rod 26 is pendantly attached by ~
(5) second pivot means comprisecl of bushing ~7 and pin 40 attached to said lever in action portion 44. The lower-most extremity of said vertical connecting rod engages a third pivot means comprised of bus`ning 46 and hori~on-tally disposed pin 27 attached to colu~n 28 which (10) suppor~s`rear caster wheel 29. Col~n 28 is adapted to t~lescopically engage tubular housing 30 pendantly supported by sleeve 37 fitted on~o horizontal connecting member 15 and joined thereto by bolts 38~
In the illustrated embodiment, connecting rod 26 is (15) shown to be of a~justable length by virtue of upper and lower threaded engagement ~eans 41 and 42 respectively associated with bushings 47 and 46, and which possess opposite threading and thereby enable connecting.rod 26 ~o unc~tion in a ~urnbuckle manner ~nen rotated ~G lt its (20) long ax-.s. To facilitate such rotation, said connecting rod may be provided with a knurled surface.
When the jacking device is activated to cause li~t~
ing, lever 24 will he in a su~stantially hori~ontal position, as shown in Figure 2. In said position, it is (25) .important to note that first pivot means 25 is above second pivot means 40, and the lever is in abutment with the innenmost extremit~ of axle housing 35 ~7hich emerges fxom the inside face 45 of buttressing protrusion 43.
Such manner of abutment prevents further downward movement (30) of handle portion 39. The position of the second pivot (9) ~ 32 mean~ h resp~c-t t~ the first pivo-t me~ns, and the ang~ oE CC)ntl~C tinc~ rod 26 bett~een said second and third pivot means ~re such th~t Eorces directed upw~rdly ~rorn ~5) r~ar cas-ter wheel 29 urge lever 24 in the direction of abutment with axle housing 35. Such factors of desig~
and construc~ion thereby constitute lGcking means which concertively act to maintain lever 24 in a ~ixed hori-20ntal position. The elements of said locking means (10) comprise an abutmen~ means such as axle housing 35, and a -force emanating rom rear caster wheel 29 and trans-mitted to said second pivot means in a mannex sexving to pivot said lever abou~ said first pivot means in the direction of said abutment means~ Properly directed force (15) transmission to the second pivot means may be secured by either proper placement o~ the second pivo~ means with . .
respect -to the first pivot means, or proper angle of the connecting rod.
The distance of separation between the centers of (20~ said fitst and second pivot means i5 essentially the distance between the uppermost and lowermost positions ~f the rear caster wheel. It is to be noted that, when lever 24 is in its upright position as shown in Figure 3, first and second pivot means are centered on a substan-(25) tially horizontal line.
Although the invention has been exempli~fied primarilyin terms o~ an embodiment wherein the jacking apparatus may be`added -to an existing conventional wheelchair, it is to be understood that the same inventive principles (30) may be applied to a wheelchair speci~ically manufactured (10) ~ ~ 92~82 ~o incc~rpora~e -the feat-lres oE the jac};ing appara-tus herein described. ~n sclicl lcltter instance, th~ rea~~
caster wheel, instead of bein~ mounted on a sleeve~like (5) fitting adapted to it onto the lower horizont~l -- connecting member, may be telescopically fitted to an extension of rear vertical post 12 below said lower horizontal connectin~ member. Furthermore, certain features of the bxac~et member may be incorporated into (103 vertical post 1~. In any embodiment of the jacking apparatus of this invention, it is prefexable to locate the rear caster wheel no closer to the front o~ the wheel-chair than the axles of sai~ drive wheels, the reason being to prevent the wheelchair from toppling over (15) rea~ardly.
Braking means, operable by the seated occupant of the wheelchair may be provided to afford greater control over the motion of the wheelchair when it is in its jacked-up mode and capable of omnidirectional movement.
(2~) ~uch braki1l~ slea~s may be lever-act~vated devices wnich cause frictional restraint between the fxame and the ground or rear caster wheels.
The quic~ly detachable drive wheels utili2ed in the pre~erred embodimen~ of wheelchair of the present inven-(25) tiGn are of standard manufacture. In Figure 5, whichschematically illustrates the general features of a detachable drive wheel, a sliding rod 50 position~d within channel 51 in axle 30 rests in abutment with untensioned spring 52 confined in the closed end 53 of ~30) axle 30. A detent 54 which extends outwardly from axle 30 ~`- and com~lurlicates with channel 51 is associated with a tensioned sprin~ 55 which maintains a force on detent 5~
tending to draw it inwarclly toward channel 51. The innex (5~ end of said detent is normally in abutment with the cylindrical surface o~ rod 50, said abutment causing the outer end o said detent to protrude ~rom axle 30.
However, when rod 50 is pressed toward the closed end of axle 30, a depressed portion 56 is brought beneath (10) detent 54. Such action causes detent 54 to temporarily enter axle 30, thereby releasing axle 30 and its asso-ciated drive wheel from fixed engagement with axle housing 35.
While particular examples of the present invention (15) have been shown and describea, it is apparent that ~hanyes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the invention in its broadest aspects~
The aim of the appended claims, therefore, is to cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the true (20) spirit and scop~ of the in~ention.
I
t25) (30)
Claims (12)
1. In a wheelchair comprised of a frame having paired front and rear vertical posts which define an interior region of said frame and paired upper and lower horizontal connecting means extending between front and rear posts, paired front caster wheels mounted on said frame adjacent said front posts, seating means disposed within said interior region generally behind and above said front caster wheels, and a pair of rear drive wheels rotatably supported by said rear vertical posts on the exterior of said frame on opposite sides of said seating means and adapted to rotate in vertical planes about horizontally disposed axles, said front caster and rear drive wheels being adapted to support said wheelchair at four sites for rolling motion upon an underlying substantially planar support surface, the improvement comprising jacking apparatus associated with each rear vertical post, said apparatus being comprised of a rear caster wheel which engages said frame in a manner to be vertically positionable between uppermost and lowermost positions, a lever having an active portion, and a handle portion positioned within reach of a seated occupant of said wheelchair, said active portion being associated with said frame by first pivot means permitting about 90° of movement of said lever in a vertical plane between upright and lower positions, vertical connecting means having an upper extremity attached by second pivot means to said active portion and a lower extremity associated by third pivot means with said caster wheel, and locking means which act to cause said lever to be maintained in said lower position, whereby when said lever is in its lower position, said rear caster wheel is displaced downwardly by said connecting means to its lowermost position, and when said lever is in its upright position, said rear caster wheel is in its uppermost position, said lowermost position of said rear caster wheel being such as to cause the associated drive wheel to be lifted out of contact with the support surface while placing said rear caster wheel in contact with said support surface, the movement of said lever between said lower and upright positions being achievable by said seated occupant.
2. The wheelchair of claim 1 wherein said drive wheels are equipped with quick disconnect means to facilitate their removal from and return to said frame, said removal and return of said drive wheels being achievable unaidedly by said seated occupant when said lever is in its lower position.
3. The wheelchair of claim 1 wherein said jacking apparatus is located substantially within the interior region of said frame.
4. The wheelchair of claim 1 wherein the distance between said first and second pivot means is substantially equal to the distance between the uppermost and lowermost positions of said rear caster wheel.
5. The wheelchair of claim 1 wherein said second pivot means is below said first pivot means when said lever is in its horizontally disposed position;
6. The wheelchair of claim 5 wherein said second pivot means is centered slightly forwardly of the center of said first pivot means when said lever is in its horizontally disposed position.
7. The wheelchair of claim 1 wherein said rear caster wheel is located below the lower horizontal connecting means of said frame.
8. Apparatus adapted for attachment to a wheelchair having a frame having rear vertical posts, said apparatus comprising a caster wheel vertically positionable between uppermost and lowermost positions, a bracket adapted for attachment to one of said posts, a lever having an active portion and a handle portion, said active portion being connected to said bracket by first pivot means permitting about 90° of movement of said lever in a vertical plane between upright and lower positions, connecting means having an upper extremity attached by second pivot means to said active portion and a lower extremity associated by third pivot means with said caster wheel, and locking means which act to cause said lever to be maintained in said horizontal disposition, whereby when said lever is in its lower position, said caster wheel is displaced downwardly by said connecting means to its lowermost position causing said wheelchair to have omnidirectional movement, and when said lever is in its upright position, said caster wheel is in its uppermost position, said movement of said lever between upright and lower positions being achievable by a single manipulation by the seated occupant of said wheelchair.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said bracket has an axle housing.
10. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said connecting means are of adjustable length.
11. In a cheelchair which includes:
a frame, including a seating means for a person disposed thereon;
a front and a rear pair of wheels for supporting the wheelchair on a flat surface, the wheels of each pair being laterally spaced from one another and journalled to the frame for rotation about a horizontal axis;
a first one of said pairs of wheels being relatively small-diameter wheels which are journalled to the frame by respective journalling means constructed and arranged to permit relatively omnidirectional horizontal travel of the wheelchair upon the flat surface;
the second one of these pairs of wheels being relatively large-diameter wheels positioned within generally convenient hand-reach of a person occupying said seating means, so as to function as drive wheels, and journalled to the frame by journalling means constructed and arranged to permit rotation of the drive wheels about the aforesaid horizontal axis;
the improvement wherein the wheelchair is further provided with:
a third pair of wheels of relatively small diameter constructed and arranged to permit relatively omnidirectional horizontal travel of the wheelchair upon the flat surface;
means journalling the wheels of the third pair to the frame as opposed sites near where the wheels of the second pair usually engage the flat surface;
means for vertically adjustable disposing the wheels of the third pair between:
an upper location wherein respective sites where the wheels of the third pair would engage the flat surface are located substantially above the level of the respective sites where the wheels of the second pair usually engage the flat surface, so that the wheelchair is supported upon the first and second pairs of wheels but not upon the third pair of wheels, and a lower location wherein the respective sites where the wheels of the third pair would engage the flat surface are located substantially below the level of the respective sites where the wheels of the second pair usually engage the flat surface, so that the wheelchair is supported upon the first and third pairs of wheels but not upon the second pair of wheels;
said means for vertically adjustably disposing the wheels of the third pair comprising actuator means positioned within generally convenient hand-reach of the person occupying the seating means of the wheelchair; and linkage means connected between the actuator means and the means for journalling the third pair of wheels to the frame, the linkage means being constructed and arranged to cause the wheels of said third pair to be moved from said upper location to said lower location and from said lower location to said upper location upon respective manipulation of said actuator means by the person occupying the seating means of the wheelchair, whereby the wheelchair may be switched back and forth by said person between a first mode wherein the person can use the wheels of the second pair to propel the chair, but cannot move the chair laterally in the direction of said horizontal axes, and a second mode wherein the person can move the chair essentially omnidirectionally but cannot use the wheels of the second pair to propel the chair.
a frame, including a seating means for a person disposed thereon;
a front and a rear pair of wheels for supporting the wheelchair on a flat surface, the wheels of each pair being laterally spaced from one another and journalled to the frame for rotation about a horizontal axis;
a first one of said pairs of wheels being relatively small-diameter wheels which are journalled to the frame by respective journalling means constructed and arranged to permit relatively omnidirectional horizontal travel of the wheelchair upon the flat surface;
the second one of these pairs of wheels being relatively large-diameter wheels positioned within generally convenient hand-reach of a person occupying said seating means, so as to function as drive wheels, and journalled to the frame by journalling means constructed and arranged to permit rotation of the drive wheels about the aforesaid horizontal axis;
the improvement wherein the wheelchair is further provided with:
a third pair of wheels of relatively small diameter constructed and arranged to permit relatively omnidirectional horizontal travel of the wheelchair upon the flat surface;
means journalling the wheels of the third pair to the frame as opposed sites near where the wheels of the second pair usually engage the flat surface;
means for vertically adjustable disposing the wheels of the third pair between:
an upper location wherein respective sites where the wheels of the third pair would engage the flat surface are located substantially above the level of the respective sites where the wheels of the second pair usually engage the flat surface, so that the wheelchair is supported upon the first and second pairs of wheels but not upon the third pair of wheels, and a lower location wherein the respective sites where the wheels of the third pair would engage the flat surface are located substantially below the level of the respective sites where the wheels of the second pair usually engage the flat surface, so that the wheelchair is supported upon the first and third pairs of wheels but not upon the second pair of wheels;
said means for vertically adjustably disposing the wheels of the third pair comprising actuator means positioned within generally convenient hand-reach of the person occupying the seating means of the wheelchair; and linkage means connected between the actuator means and the means for journalling the third pair of wheels to the frame, the linkage means being constructed and arranged to cause the wheels of said third pair to be moved from said upper location to said lower location and from said lower location to said upper location upon respective manipulation of said actuator means by the person occupying the seating means of the wheelchair, whereby the wheelchair may be switched back and forth by said person between a first mode wherein the person can use the wheels of the second pair to propel the chair, but cannot move the chair laterally in the direction of said horizontal axes, and a second mode wherein the person can move the chair essentially omnidirectionally but cannot use the wheels of the second pair to propel the chair.
12. Apparatus for attachment to a wheelchair, which wheelchair includes:
a frame, including a seating means for a person disposed thereon;
a front and rear pair of wheels for supporting the wheelchair on a flat surface, the wheels of each pair being laterally spaced from one another and journalled to the frame for rotation about a horizontal axis;
a first one of these pairs of wheels being relatively small-diameter wheels which, though out of generally convenient hand-reach of a person occupying the seating means of the wheelchair, are journalled to the frame by respective journalling means which are constructed and arranged to permit relatively omindirectional horizontal travel of the wheelchair upon the flat surface;
the second one of these pairs of wheels being relatively large-diameter wheels which, though positioned within generally convenient hand-reach of a person occupying the seating means of the wheelchair, so as to function as drive wheels, are journalled to the frame by respective journalling means which are constructed and arranged to permit rotation of the respective drive wheels about the respective aforesaid horizontal axis with this axis constrained to extend transversely of the chair, said apparatus comprising:
a third pair of wheels;
means for journalling the wheels of the third pair to the frame at respective sites near where the wheels of the second pair usually engage the flat surface;
the wheels of the third pair being relatively small-diameter wheels which, though out of generally convenient hand-reach of the person occupying the seating means of the wheelchair, said journalling means for said third pair are constructed and arranged to permit relatively omindirectional horizontal travel of the wheelchair upon the flat surface;
the means for journalling the third pair of wheels to the frame including means for vertically adjustably disposing the wheels of the third pair between:
an upper location wherein respective sites where the wheels of the third pair would engage the flat surface are located substantially above the level of the respective sites where the wheels of the second pair usually engage the flat surface, so that the wheelchair is supported upon the first and second pairs of wheels but not on the third pair of wheels, and a lower location wherein the respective sites where the wheels of the third pair would engage the flat surface are located substantially below the level of the respective sites where the wheels of the second pair usually engage the flat surface, so that the wheelchair is supported upon the first and third pairs of wheels but not on the second pair of wheels;
person-powered operator means for the journalling means of the third pair of wheels, this operator means including:
actuator means adapted to be positioned within generally convenient hand-reach of the person occupying the seating means of the wheelchair; and linkage means connected between the actuator means and the means for journalling the third pair of wheels to the frame, the linkage means being constructed and arranged to cause the wheels of said third pair to be moved from said upper location to said lower location and from said lower location to said upper location upon respective manipulation of said actuator means by the person occupying the seating means of the wheelchair, whereby the wheelchair may be switched back and forth by the person occupying the seating means thereof between a first mode wherein the person can use the wheels of the second pair to propel the chair, but cannot move the chair laterally in the direction of said horizontal axes, and a second mode wherein the person can move the chair essentially omnidirectionally, but cannot use the wheels of the second pair to propel the chair; and means for mounting said apparatus to said frame.
a frame, including a seating means for a person disposed thereon;
a front and rear pair of wheels for supporting the wheelchair on a flat surface, the wheels of each pair being laterally spaced from one another and journalled to the frame for rotation about a horizontal axis;
a first one of these pairs of wheels being relatively small-diameter wheels which, though out of generally convenient hand-reach of a person occupying the seating means of the wheelchair, are journalled to the frame by respective journalling means which are constructed and arranged to permit relatively omindirectional horizontal travel of the wheelchair upon the flat surface;
the second one of these pairs of wheels being relatively large-diameter wheels which, though positioned within generally convenient hand-reach of a person occupying the seating means of the wheelchair, so as to function as drive wheels, are journalled to the frame by respective journalling means which are constructed and arranged to permit rotation of the respective drive wheels about the respective aforesaid horizontal axis with this axis constrained to extend transversely of the chair, said apparatus comprising:
a third pair of wheels;
means for journalling the wheels of the third pair to the frame at respective sites near where the wheels of the second pair usually engage the flat surface;
the wheels of the third pair being relatively small-diameter wheels which, though out of generally convenient hand-reach of the person occupying the seating means of the wheelchair, said journalling means for said third pair are constructed and arranged to permit relatively omindirectional horizontal travel of the wheelchair upon the flat surface;
the means for journalling the third pair of wheels to the frame including means for vertically adjustably disposing the wheels of the third pair between:
an upper location wherein respective sites where the wheels of the third pair would engage the flat surface are located substantially above the level of the respective sites where the wheels of the second pair usually engage the flat surface, so that the wheelchair is supported upon the first and second pairs of wheels but not on the third pair of wheels, and a lower location wherein the respective sites where the wheels of the third pair would engage the flat surface are located substantially below the level of the respective sites where the wheels of the second pair usually engage the flat surface, so that the wheelchair is supported upon the first and third pairs of wheels but not on the second pair of wheels;
person-powered operator means for the journalling means of the third pair of wheels, this operator means including:
actuator means adapted to be positioned within generally convenient hand-reach of the person occupying the seating means of the wheelchair; and linkage means connected between the actuator means and the means for journalling the third pair of wheels to the frame, the linkage means being constructed and arranged to cause the wheels of said third pair to be moved from said upper location to said lower location and from said lower location to said upper location upon respective manipulation of said actuator means by the person occupying the seating means of the wheelchair, whereby the wheelchair may be switched back and forth by the person occupying the seating means thereof between a first mode wherein the person can use the wheels of the second pair to propel the chair, but cannot move the chair laterally in the direction of said horizontal axes, and a second mode wherein the person can move the chair essentially omnidirectionally, but cannot use the wheels of the second pair to propel the chair; and means for mounting said apparatus to said frame.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US27113581A | 1981-06-08 | 1981-06-08 | |
| US271,135 | 1981-06-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1192482A true CA1192482A (en) | 1985-08-27 |
Family
ID=23034340
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000404621A Expired CA1192482A (en) | 1981-06-08 | 1982-06-07 | Wheelchair and attachment therefor |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0081564A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1192482A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1982004231A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3927484C1 (en) * | 1989-08-19 | 1990-10-04 | Stollenwerk Fabrik Fuer Sanitaetsausruestungen Hans Stollenwerk & Cie Gmbh & Co, 5000 Koeln, De | |
| US6155583A (en) * | 1998-01-14 | 2000-12-05 | Koike; Shozo | Wheelchair |
| JP3504225B2 (en) * | 2000-09-29 | 2004-03-08 | 茂 黒田 | wheelchair |
| JP5789464B2 (en) * | 2011-09-28 | 2015-10-07 | フランスベッド株式会社 | wheelchair |
| TWI554261B (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2016-10-21 | Univ Kun Shan | Auxiliary device construction and its use method for wheelchair lateral movement |
| CN112869966B (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2023-08-25 | 佛山市友善医疗设备科技有限公司 | Wheelchair for preventing backward tilting for orthopaedics |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA484786A (en) * | 1952-07-15 | Austin Everest Herbert | Convertible wheel chair | |
| US770152A (en) * | 1903-01-14 | 1904-09-13 | Peter K Bechtel | Combined hospital-wagon and operating-table. |
| US1591529A (en) * | 1922-05-12 | 1926-07-06 | Roger S S Guerber | Invalid chair |
| US1794532A (en) * | 1930-03-21 | 1931-03-03 | Christos Georgas | Automobile lifting device |
| US3120398A (en) * | 1959-12-03 | 1964-02-04 | Sidler Ltd | Device for moving semi-trailers sidewise |
| US3404884A (en) * | 1965-09-27 | 1968-10-08 | New American Co Inc | Balance beam adapter for gymnastic apparatus transporters |
| US4098521A (en) * | 1976-08-09 | 1978-07-04 | Reme Enterprises, Inc. | Wheelchair adaptable for passage in narrow spaces |
-
1982
- 1982-05-24 EP EP82902126A patent/EP0081564A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1982-05-24 WO PCT/US1982/000705 patent/WO1982004231A1/en unknown
- 1982-06-07 CA CA000404621A patent/CA1192482A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1982004231A1 (en) | 1982-12-09 |
| EP0081564A1 (en) | 1983-06-22 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |