CA1188889A - Training apparatus - Google Patents
Training apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- CA1188889A CA1188889A CA000428257A CA428257A CA1188889A CA 1188889 A CA1188889 A CA 1188889A CA 000428257 A CA000428257 A CA 000428257A CA 428257 A CA428257 A CA 428257A CA 1188889 A CA1188889 A CA 1188889A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- video
- route
- reading heads
- apparent motion
- scan
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/64—Circuits for processing colour signals
- H04N9/74—Circuits for processing colour signals for obtaining special effects
- H04N9/75—Chroma key
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B5/00—Electrically-operated educational appliances
- G09B5/06—Electrically-operated educational appliances with both visual and audible presentation of the material to be studied
- G09B5/065—Combinations of audio and video presentations, e.g. videotapes, videodiscs, television systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B9/00—Simulators for teaching or training purposes
- G09B9/02—Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft
- G09B9/04—Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft for teaching control of land vehicles
- G09B9/05—Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft for teaching control of land vehicles the view from a vehicle being simulated
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/222—Studio circuitry; Studio devices; Studio equipment
- H04N5/262—Studio circuits, e.g. for mixing, switching-over, change of character of image, other special effects ; Cameras specially adapted for the electronic generation of special effects
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Educational Administration (AREA)
- Educational Technology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Or Creating Images (AREA)
- Closed-Circuit Television Systems (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The training apparatus uses a number of disc readers (2 - 8) to provide video output signals which may be used to depict apparent motion along a basic route. A video switch (11) is controlled by a processor (10) to select the video signal to be displayed. By running the disc reader (2 - 8) in synchronism with each other the output signal selected reflects changes in the selected route which would be caused by (e.g.) a vehicle driver varying the position of a steering wheel. A chroma-key switch (15) is used to superimpose image generated by the processor (10) in the background picture to simulate (e.g.) changes in light signals, parked vehicles and the like.
The training apparatus uses a number of disc readers (2 - 8) to provide video output signals which may be used to depict apparent motion along a basic route. A video switch (11) is controlled by a processor (10) to select the video signal to be displayed. By running the disc reader (2 - 8) in synchronism with each other the output signal selected reflects changes in the selected route which would be caused by (e.g.) a vehicle driver varying the position of a steering wheel. A chroma-key switch (15) is used to superimpose image generated by the processor (10) in the background picture to simulate (e.g.) changes in light signals, parked vehicles and the like.
Description
The present invention rela-tes to training appara-tus and in particular, but not exclusively, -to such apparatus Eor -training vehicle drivers.
Teaching people to drive a vehicle may be an expensive exercise in terms of fuel for the vehicle, an instructor's time and, in some cases, in damage to the vehicle and to property of o-ther people.
Some attempts have been made to teach driving by use of simulators using a display screen on which a motion picture of a road is shown. However, such systems are not entirely satis-factory since the driver under training has his route restricted by the sequence of filming.
For example in filming a typical route the camera oper-ator would be unlikely to meander within the confines of a road.
However, this is the kind of steering error which a trainee driver may make.
It is an object of the present invention to provide training apparatus capable of providing a logical visual response to actions of a user of -the apparatus.
Training apparatus of the kind in which a moving pic-ture (e.g. a television-type display) is used to depict apparent motion to users of the apparatus is hereinafter referred to as training apparatusof the kind specified~
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided training apparatus for depicting apparent motion to users of the apparatus, comprising a moving picture display means, at least one video-disc reading head arranged to scan '.~
~ -3-a pre-recorded video track and providing a background video out-put signal representing a series oE frames depicting apparent motion and processing means which receive said background signal from said vi.deo-disc reading head and process said background signal using a chroma-keying or luminance keying -technique to provide a modified video output signal which is received by said moving picture display means to provide a display of said series of frames which may have variable visual effects superimposed thereon.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided training apparatus for depicting apparent motion to users of the apparatus, comprising a moving picture display means, a plurality of video-disc reading heads each arranged to scan a respective pre-recorded video track in synchronism with each other to provide respective video output signals, each of the respective video output signals representing a respective series of frames depicting apparent motion in respective parallel lines spaced transversely of the direction of the apparent motion, and selection means responsive to control means which are in turn responsive to user action so as to select one or other of said video signals -to be passed to said moving picture display means so that each frame displayed is that most closely depicting a view in the direction chosen by said con-trol means.
The training apparatus may have one or more video-disc readers each having a plurality of reading heads which constitute said reading heads. Alternatively and preferably each of said g~
-3a-reading heads may be of a differen-t one of a plurality of vldeo disc readers.
~ second plurality oE video disc readers may be pro-vided each having a respective readlng head and each being used to read a respec-tive one of a further set of video discs, each of the video discs of said fur-ther set providing a video output signal to depict apparent motion in respective parallel lines transverse o:E the direction of apparent motion at turning points of an available route.
Said second plurality of video disc readers may run in synchronism with each other and may be responsive to said selection means to read a track associated with the commencement of the next possible turning point whilst the first plura]ity of video disc readers are in use to depict apparent motion along the basic route.
The selection means may be responslve to fur-ther con-trol means to vary the rate of display of a series of frames so as to give an apparent acceleration or deceleration in the speed of the apparent motion.
Said first contro] means may be manually operable steering means and said further control means rnay be manually operable speed selection means.
The selection rneans rnay also be responsive to a third manually operable control means in cornbination with the further control means to increase or decrease the rate of apparent acceleration or deceleration.
Training apparatus in accordance with the invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings of which:-Figure l is a block schernatic diagram of the apparatus, Figure 2 is a schen,atic diagram of the information tracks of video discs used in the apparatus of Figure l, Figures 3 and 4 are diagrams used to show a rnethod of selection of a video disc reader to supply a video signal, and Figure 5 is a street plan used to show typical recording and selection sequences.
Referring to Figure 1 the apparatus comprises nine video disc readers 1 to 9 (only five of which are shown) a processor 10, which controls the synchronism and frame selection of the video disc readers and a video-switch 11 which, also under control of the processor lO, selects which of the 'NTSC', 'SECAM' or 'PAL' coded colour signals from the video disc readers 1 to 9 is to be used to determine the picture displayed by a projection television 12.
The output signal from the video switch ll is passed by way of a single connection to a suitable 'PAL', 'SECAM' or 'NTSC' decoder 14 which provides colour control signals for 'red', 'green' and 'blue' outputs by way of connections 17, 18 and 19 respectively to a high speed video switch 21 which may be used to modify the colour 1 3L ~ ~? ~ ~9 output siG~nals to the projection television 12 using the tfchnicue ~no~;n as "chro~.a keying"O The deeoder 14 i.s also arran~ed to p.rovic'e television synch?~onis2-tion .~iglla].s by ~:a-"~ o.f CGn'leCtiOll 20.
?f~c~ cfn, blue a3~d sy~?chl-o??isation si~~~als are trans~-7~red fro~ the c'rl~oma. key;.n~ itch 2]. to the projt-c-tion -tel.evi,c,ion by ~ -?.y OI connect,?ons ~2 t;o 25.
T'n.e cnIc3l~.a key:inL- sl~;.t.ch ~1 i.s cc,ntrolled by the rrocessor 10 ~hich prc,v;.cles on/o..'f s;. nals ~nc' colour detection si~rJa~s by ~ay of .?. ~iata '-us 30 and !'e~ ~ ~r`eeI
b~lie and sy-nchrollisatic!n ci^n~C îor '.i..-! ;'^es to be cver-~2~f~d by ~.ay of co~r!f~-~ctions ~6 to 29.
ln u~e, each of the -vi.d.eo ciisc l~e.-clers 1 to 9 u.es a res-^,e-ctive p3e-3~ecorc'ied vic',eo di.sc to prG~icle Ol~t.~Ut s.-i-???l_ ;.n ?e.srpect of a seri.es of l^ra.,--es sho-~ing a laJ?~csc3~e ?~lon~r oedicated routes. The video c;ise .,G~;e-rs 2 to 8 have pre-recorded discs the frarrles for ~;hic:h are recorcied on par~al.lel trac'r-s of the routes.
'~?hese a~e referred to hertin as ~.ctrai-ht~ sections althou.ch, as ~ill beco.me ap arent, "s~tra.i.l-ht" .~ec~ions of the rOlJ.tes rrcy include cur~res or corners~
l!he v-ideo disc re,-.ders 1 ,r,d 9 h,~7e discs the fra~es for -,~h.ich are re,coraed a-t junctions of the routes, the video c'~isc re3der 1 bein~, dedic,-~te-d to left hand turns lrom the strai_ht se~clions and the vi~eo disc re-ader 9 bein_ dedicated to ri~ht hand turns.
~ ?he lrame to be selected for cli.c,p',a.y is c.etfe.r.rined by the r~rGcessor 10 in resporlse vo si--n21s recr-,-ve~ bv ~ay of a ~ mber of i.r~-ut.s ~'0 to 4,~ ich ~a,~r be co~l-nect~.d ~,o si~ r2~C~i~c~ s (~lot s.~.o~;n) df~ivi.!g sirnals from a steering co:ntIol~ 2.n acceleration cor!trol, bra~ing conrrols ând the like~ ~laving thus determined the frame to be dis~layed the processor 10 causes the aplpropriate frar~e to be selected by eaeh of the video di.sc reader 2 to ~ a.nd/or the video disc reacer 1 or 2 by way of respective data buses 31 to 39~ Synchronisation si~nals to ensure that all of the video dise readers 1 to 9 are runrlintg at the same speed and in the sa~,e hase may also be trc-~nsferred from the processor 10 by way the d?~ta buses ~?1 to ~?9.
Reft-rri}l~ also to 't~ xes 2 in ;:hi.ch eech fr?.me recor('.ed on a video dise i.s sho.-n as a .s~luare, seven vicleo diccs 102 to 108 for the video dise re~ders
Teaching people to drive a vehicle may be an expensive exercise in terms of fuel for the vehicle, an instructor's time and, in some cases, in damage to the vehicle and to property of o-ther people.
Some attempts have been made to teach driving by use of simulators using a display screen on which a motion picture of a road is shown. However, such systems are not entirely satis-factory since the driver under training has his route restricted by the sequence of filming.
For example in filming a typical route the camera oper-ator would be unlikely to meander within the confines of a road.
However, this is the kind of steering error which a trainee driver may make.
It is an object of the present invention to provide training apparatus capable of providing a logical visual response to actions of a user of -the apparatus.
Training apparatus of the kind in which a moving pic-ture (e.g. a television-type display) is used to depict apparent motion to users of the apparatus is hereinafter referred to as training apparatusof the kind specified~
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided training apparatus for depicting apparent motion to users of the apparatus, comprising a moving picture display means, at least one video-disc reading head arranged to scan '.~
~ -3-a pre-recorded video track and providing a background video out-put signal representing a series oE frames depicting apparent motion and processing means which receive said background signal from said vi.deo-disc reading head and process said background signal using a chroma-keying or luminance keying -technique to provide a modified video output signal which is received by said moving picture display means to provide a display of said series of frames which may have variable visual effects superimposed thereon.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided training apparatus for depicting apparent motion to users of the apparatus, comprising a moving picture display means, a plurality of video-disc reading heads each arranged to scan a respective pre-recorded video track in synchronism with each other to provide respective video output signals, each of the respective video output signals representing a respective series of frames depicting apparent motion in respective parallel lines spaced transversely of the direction of the apparent motion, and selection means responsive to control means which are in turn responsive to user action so as to select one or other of said video signals -to be passed to said moving picture display means so that each frame displayed is that most closely depicting a view in the direction chosen by said con-trol means.
The training apparatus may have one or more video-disc readers each having a plurality of reading heads which constitute said reading heads. Alternatively and preferably each of said g~
-3a-reading heads may be of a differen-t one of a plurality of vldeo disc readers.
~ second plurality oE video disc readers may be pro-vided each having a respective readlng head and each being used to read a respec-tive one of a further set of video discs, each of the video discs of said fur-ther set providing a video output signal to depict apparent motion in respective parallel lines transverse o:E the direction of apparent motion at turning points of an available route.
Said second plurality of video disc readers may run in synchronism with each other and may be responsive to said selection means to read a track associated with the commencement of the next possible turning point whilst the first plura]ity of video disc readers are in use to depict apparent motion along the basic route.
The selection means may be responslve to fur-ther con-trol means to vary the rate of display of a series of frames so as to give an apparent acceleration or deceleration in the speed of the apparent motion.
Said first contro] means may be manually operable steering means and said further control means rnay be manually operable speed selection means.
The selection rneans rnay also be responsive to a third manually operable control means in cornbination with the further control means to increase or decrease the rate of apparent acceleration or deceleration.
Training apparatus in accordance with the invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings of which:-Figure l is a block schernatic diagram of the apparatus, Figure 2 is a schen,atic diagram of the information tracks of video discs used in the apparatus of Figure l, Figures 3 and 4 are diagrams used to show a rnethod of selection of a video disc reader to supply a video signal, and Figure 5 is a street plan used to show typical recording and selection sequences.
Referring to Figure 1 the apparatus comprises nine video disc readers 1 to 9 (only five of which are shown) a processor 10, which controls the synchronism and frame selection of the video disc readers and a video-switch 11 which, also under control of the processor lO, selects which of the 'NTSC', 'SECAM' or 'PAL' coded colour signals from the video disc readers 1 to 9 is to be used to determine the picture displayed by a projection television 12.
The output signal from the video switch ll is passed by way of a single connection to a suitable 'PAL', 'SECAM' or 'NTSC' decoder 14 which provides colour control signals for 'red', 'green' and 'blue' outputs by way of connections 17, 18 and 19 respectively to a high speed video switch 21 which may be used to modify the colour 1 3L ~ ~? ~ ~9 output siG~nals to the projection television 12 using the tfchnicue ~no~;n as "chro~.a keying"O The deeoder 14 i.s also arran~ed to p.rovic'e television synch?~onis2-tion .~iglla].s by ~:a-"~ o.f CGn'leCtiOll 20.
?f~c~ cfn, blue a3~d sy~?chl-o??isation si~~~als are trans~-7~red fro~ the c'rl~oma. key;.n~ itch 2]. to the projt-c-tion -tel.evi,c,ion by ~ -?.y OI connect,?ons ~2 t;o 25.
T'n.e cnIc3l~.a key:inL- sl~;.t.ch ~1 i.s cc,ntrolled by the rrocessor 10 ~hich prc,v;.cles on/o..'f s;. nals ~nc' colour detection si~rJa~s by ~ay of .?. ~iata '-us 30 and !'e~ ~ ~r`eeI
b~lie and sy-nchrollisatic!n ci^n~C îor '.i..-! ;'^es to be cver-~2~f~d by ~.ay of co~r!f~-~ctions ~6 to 29.
ln u~e, each of the -vi.d.eo ciisc l~e.-clers 1 to 9 u.es a res-^,e-ctive p3e-3~ecorc'ied vic',eo di.sc to prG~icle Ol~t.~Ut s.-i-???l_ ;.n ?e.srpect of a seri.es of l^ra.,--es sho-~ing a laJ?~csc3~e ?~lon~r oedicated routes. The video c;ise .,G~;e-rs 2 to 8 have pre-recorded discs the frarrles for ~;hic:h are recorcied on par~al.lel trac'r-s of the routes.
'~?hese a~e referred to hertin as ~.ctrai-ht~ sections althou.ch, as ~ill beco.me ap arent, "s~tra.i.l-ht" .~ec~ions of the rOlJ.tes rrcy include cur~res or corners~
l!he v-ideo disc re,-.ders 1 ,r,d 9 h,~7e discs the fra~es for -,~h.ich are re,coraed a-t junctions of the routes, the video c'~isc re3der 1 bein~, dedic,-~te-d to left hand turns lrom the strai_ht se~clions and the vi~eo disc re-ader 9 bein_ dedicated to ri~ht hand turns.
~ ?he lrame to be selected for cli.c,p',a.y is c.etfe.r.rined by the r~rGcessor 10 in resporlse vo si--n21s recr-,-ve~ bv ~ay of a ~ mber of i.r~-ut.s ~'0 to 4,~ ich ~a,~r be co~l-nect~.d ~,o si~ r2~C~i~c~ s (~lot s.~.o~;n) df~ivi.!g sirnals from a steering co:ntIol~ 2.n acceleration cor!trol, bra~ing conrrols ând the like~ ~laving thus determined the frame to be dis~layed the processor 10 causes the aplpropriate frar~e to be selected by eaeh of the video di.sc reader 2 to ~ a.nd/or the video disc reacer 1 or 2 by way of respective data buses 31 to 39~ Synchronisation si~nals to ensure that all of the video dise readers 1 to 9 are runrlintg at the same speed and in the sa~,e hase may also be trc-~nsferred from the processor 10 by way the d?~ta buses ~?1 to ~?9.
Reft-rri}l~ also to 't~ xes 2 in ;:hi.ch eech fr?.me recor('.ed on a video dise i.s sho.-n as a .s~luare, seven vicleo diccs 102 to 108 for the video dise re~ders
2 to 8 are recorded in p5.rallel c~.lon~ strair-ht seG~ions of selecte~ routes which are desi~rlc7ted Sl -to S7.
Gorrespondirlv video discs 101 and lC9 for the vi.c'ieo c;ise rc-aaers 1 e.nd , at ~esr--c-tively left h.~.nd qn~ rir.~t hand vunct; 0~15 O. ~ ;ir~ St~ .irlt s~-CtiOn.Q ,.
~h s r^-felr;.n- -^.l.~o '-o -t.he stre et ~1~ r- of ~ ire 5 ..he ~--.?~llel rtcc;.-t'lis.~ of a. rou-te i~rom r to E is earried out in a eon-tic~?.ous r,2r:ner from A to ~ thrt)ugh sectlons Sl to S7. For sim~?licitg only one direetion of travel is sho~n in respect of each section but it ~-ill be appIeciated that for eompleteness recordin3 mllst be carried out in each direction. `.~neIe referenee is ~3.de herein to seetions reeolded in the o?posed direction the sections are desi-;llated ~:7ith a pri~e ('). mhus a route fro~ 3 to ~ ould be reccrded in a conti~ous series of sections 5'7' to ,~1'.
In opeIe-ti-on~ if he proces~or 10 is pro-.gIc~med to start nrom A it causes eaeh of the readers 2 to 8 to select the first frq~e of Sl~ the re-~der 1 is ca~ll.ced to s~lest '.,he -i~st l`rq~r.lq of Il a~nd he ,e,qS~)er 9 is eal~ed to selest the i.rst :r,--!e of Rl, I,l and Rl being respeetively the next left h~nd and rirht hand tul~ns direetly aeeessible from the rollte involvinr~, Sl. The video s~.7itch 11 is caused to select the signal from one of the readers 2 to 8 in accordance ~7ith the notional position of the viewer at the start point A.
On receipt of an a.ppropriate control signal on one or rore of the leads 40 to 43 the proce.ssor 10 causes each of -the video ~lisc readers 2 to 9 to advance one frO..rQe at a t;.me along the section Sl and ;n response to steeringg si~nals on one of the leads 40 to ~L3 c~mces the video s~.itch 11 to select en a~propriate si.-~nPl for display in depender!ce upon the noti,onal ~osi.tion of the vie~Jer.
If l~hen the intersection of sections Sl, S2 and S26 is reached ro stee-ring signals are received by the l?rocessor 10, after displa~v of the last fra~3e of Sl, the first frame of S2 t~1ill be selected. Ho~Jever, if on appro3chir~, the junction t~e vie~.;er co~mences a right '.,u-:n the proces~C3r 10 causes the video switch 11 to se1.ect Fi nals from the re~c'er 9. '~,'ne reader 9 is then c~n2sed to step t'rlrou~h the frhT)es of ~1~
Concurrently ~ith the displ~y of the fraIGrs of Rl, the ~,rocessor 1.0 cal~5ec the ~Ji.deo disc readers 2 to 8 to select their respective first frames of section S26. Thus, ~s soon as the steering si~,n~l.s indicate notional straight travel in the section S26 the appro-?riate frame from one of the readers 2 to 8 may be displayed~
Once t'ne notional position of the viewer is in the section S26 the disc reader 1 is reset to the first fr~r.le of ~11 whilst the disc reader 9 is reset to the first fra23e of Rl40 Once the di.sc readers 2 to $
cor.nme33ce the first frO.TIe of section S27 (as~sumin-~g that a ir,ht -turn into section S2~ has no-c bee~n ~ede~, the disc reader 9 is set -to the first ~ra?le of R15.
~ hus, regardless of the route chosen by the vie~ier, a continuou~C, rol.ion picture is ?rovided to tne television projector 12 reflecting the notional position and movement (if any) of the vie~er~ If a stop is selected then the same frame is continuously displayed 1~8~
hilst the rate of change of the fr&me displayed may be varied.
,Referr;.ng now to FiguIes 1 and 3 variations in the notional track ta~en by a vehicle, are catered for by se-'.ectin the fraA~e for ~iis~lay from one of the disc readers 2 to ~ in accoTdarlce ~ith variations in the notional ~stee:ring.T};us if the steering of a vehicle v~ ies i~ ore o.f the sections, s~y Sl~ as shown by the line 50-50' t,hen o~er a ?eriod of ti~e to tO t33 (L~here each of t`rJe r,eriods tn .~,ay v~Ary) the frar~es for d~splay 2re sr=l.ected by t7-,e ~,-roces.-or 10 by use of ihe vi~eo s~.iLch 11 in accordence wi-th -the followi.n~ t?ble:
~ra,.'e .o~ Vi.deo ~ra.~e I~io, Video ~ra~e No. Video l',i.sc ~~~-~ D;.. sc - ~sc ~tea~r T,~ ? er Re~e~
tO O ~1 6 tl2 C S1 6 L,23 ~3 ~1 5 15 tl 1 Sl 6 tl3 13 Sl 5 t~4 24 Sl 5 t2 2 Sl 6 tl4 14 Sl 4 t~5 ~5 Sl 6 t3 3 Sl 7 tl5 15 Sl 4 t26 ~6 S1 6 t4 4 Sl 7 tl6 15 Sl 3 t2? 27 Sl 7 t5 5 Sl 8 tl7 17 Sl 3 t28 28 Sl 7 ~C t6 6 Sl 8 tl& 1~, Sl 3 t29 29 Sl 7 t7 7 Sl 8 tl9 lG~ ,Sl 3 t30 30 Sl 7 t8 8 Sl 8 t2C 20 Sl 3 t31 31 Sl 7 t9 9 Sl ~ L,?l 21 Sl 3 t32 32 Sl 7 tlO 10 Sl 8 L,22 ~2 S~ 4 t33 3~ Sl 7 25 tll 11 Sl. 7 __ _. __ _ _ _ .__ ___ _ ConsiQering the Tra~e and ~id-o d~sc rea~er selectiGn for a tvrn say frolri Sll' to S2'~ of ~ re 5 usinG~ the ri.rht h.and turn R9 and referrin~ also to ~i~ure 4 the notional ~a.ih 51-51' the selection by 'he ~rocessor 10 and ~sin_ the video s~Jitch 11 is as follows:
_9_ Time Frame No. Video Time ~rame No. Video _ ~ - ~ Disc Reader Reader tOO Sll' 2 tlO 2 Rl 9 tl1 Sll' 2 tll 3 Rl 9 t22 Sll' 2 tl2 4 Rl 9 t3 3 Sll' 3 tl3 5 Rl 9 t4 4 Sll' 4 tl4 0 S24 7 t5 5 Sll' 5 tl5 1 S24 7 t6 6 Sll' 6 tl6 2 S2~ 6 t7 7 Sll' 7 tl7 3 S24 5 t8 0 Rl 9 t~8 4 S24 4 t-91 Rl 9 It l!ill be xe~lised that ~hilst as herein described only Gne video disc reader 1 or 9 has been allocat~d ,o the respec-tive left h~nd and right hand turn ~unctions a number of readers could also be used for this function to provide a greater variation in the notional turning route.
It will be realised that, as thus far described, a certain amolmt of ~itter -~ill occur in the displayed picture ,:hen the displayed frame charlges from that provided by one of ciisc readels 1 to 9 to another of the disc ~eadersa Such jitter may be compensated for by interpolation of the signals from the two video disc read-rs as the point of changeover is approached.
~hus a line of fIame store (not shovn) may be used to which si~nals froJn two of tne ~ideo disc readers 1 to 9 may be p-ssed,the line or frame sto-e intermi!lgling the -two sets ol si na~s for passin~ to the chro~akey switch 21.
~0 Alternatively slight optical distortio~ of the ima~e produced by the ~ro~ec~ion television may be employed as the point of chan~eover is approached~
~ hus far only a basic trainin~ aid has been 81!~3~
cGnsidered which whilst permitting notional travel along any route within the confines of the area recor.1ed has not per~itted any variations in the conditions so m~t. For exa~lple, referring again to Figure 5 there may be traffic lights at the junction of the sections S5 and Sl2~ If on a~proachi.ng sllch a jwtction the user i.s a-are that the lights will a]~ays be set to 'go' the tra;nirlg value is lcs~e.~ed.
~ ilarly other ve?ticles ~ay be par'~.ed at the ].0 :ro~dsi~e, or l'OVi~ alo!lg a ro~d sectior-. AEain refeIring -to F;..-~ire l to si~,ulate ~uch features the pro~essor lO is a~u-~rged to generate eolol1r i~ares which are used b~T-t'rJe chr~ ey ~witch 21 to superim-pose the fe~t;ures a~d ch~saes i~i them in -the scertario~
If, for e~ ;?le, -traffi.c lir;h-ts are recorded with all col OUI'S sho-.i..-3~,, say, ed, a~,ber and green tl-en t;he ch.~or,a~rey switch 21 ~Jay b-^- caused to black out any one or two of these s~ecific colours in the data passed to the projec-tion television 12. Accordi.ngly on one noti.oral approach to traffic lights the 'red' ~nd 'amber' r,ay be blacked out, whilst or a~o-th r approach the 'red' and 'green' may be blacked out or the 'amber' and 'gIeen'` or solely the 'green'. Thus the traffic lights displayed are capable of showing any phase wnich may be enco~tered in practice.
In a similar manner by selection of a colour or colours o-v-er which superimposition of an image may occur other road hazardsS vehicles and the like may be introdut;ed, Such leatuIes as vehicles, pedestria~s &nd the like may be produced by use of a further video disc reader (not shown). Thus the particular feat~res will be recorded against a fixed colour backgrou~
and the video disc used to provide signals to the chrom-a~ey switch 21~ The chroma~ey switch 21 then mixes the signals fro~ the video disc readers l - 9 with the 8~
signal from the additional video disc reader before supplying the signals to the projection te:Levision 12.
The ability to introduce such features as that provided by the chromakey switch 21 also permits the apparatus to be used in the training of railway loco-motive drivers. It will be apparent that the 'steering"
aspects of Figure 1 are not required in respect of railway vehicles since a fixed path is followed. Thus only two of the video disc readers 1 to 9 will be required, one for notiona] straight motion on a track and one for transfer by points to allother track.
The chromakey switch ?l under control of the pro-cessor is arranged to show changes in colour ]ight s;gnal relevant to the track being displayed.
Whilst herein described the picture is produced by the projection television 12 it will be appreciated that other mealls responsive to signals derived from the data held by the video disc readers 1 to 9 rr.ay be ernployed.
In an alternative raode of operation the chromakey switch 21 is replaced by a luminance key switch (not shown) which operates on the lurninance signal e]ernent of the selected video-signal output. The luminance key switch may be arranged to switch at a presettable lurninance ievel. Bo,h lurninance key switch and chromakey switching rnay be used in tandem for superimposition of dif~erilig effects.
Gther applications of the apparatus will also become apparent. For e~ample by sending a small team to fi]m, say, a forest or jungle in a grid pattern, a larger number of people may be familiarised with the forest or jungle by use of the apparatus described.
The chromakey switch 21 may be used to superimpose visual effects within such scenarios.
Thus the apparatus rnay also find use in tactical briefing roorns and/or for military training purposes for example. The apparatus rnay also find use in the display of mimic diagrams in a moving or static layout with superimpositiori of symbols and other features.
Gorrespondirlv video discs 101 and lC9 for the vi.c'ieo c;ise rc-aaers 1 e.nd , at ~esr--c-tively left h.~.nd qn~ rir.~t hand vunct; 0~15 O. ~ ;ir~ St~ .irlt s~-CtiOn.Q ,.
~h s r^-felr;.n- -^.l.~o '-o -t.he stre et ~1~ r- of ~ ire 5 ..he ~--.?~llel rtcc;.-t'lis.~ of a. rou-te i~rom r to E is earried out in a eon-tic~?.ous r,2r:ner from A to ~ thrt)ugh sectlons Sl to S7. For sim~?licitg only one direetion of travel is sho~n in respect of each section but it ~-ill be appIeciated that for eompleteness recordin3 mllst be carried out in each direction. `.~neIe referenee is ~3.de herein to seetions reeolded in the o?posed direction the sections are desi-;llated ~:7ith a pri~e ('). mhus a route fro~ 3 to ~ ould be reccrded in a conti~ous series of sections 5'7' to ,~1'.
In opeIe-ti-on~ if he proces~or 10 is pro-.gIc~med to start nrom A it causes eaeh of the readers 2 to 8 to select the first frq~e of Sl~ the re-~der 1 is ca~ll.ced to s~lest '.,he -i~st l`rq~r.lq of Il a~nd he ,e,qS~)er 9 is eal~ed to selest the i.rst :r,--!e of Rl, I,l and Rl being respeetively the next left h~nd and rirht hand tul~ns direetly aeeessible from the rollte involvinr~, Sl. The video s~.7itch 11 is caused to select the signal from one of the readers 2 to 8 in accordance ~7ith the notional position of the viewer at the start point A.
On receipt of an a.ppropriate control signal on one or rore of the leads 40 to 43 the proce.ssor 10 causes each of -the video ~lisc readers 2 to 9 to advance one frO..rQe at a t;.me along the section Sl and ;n response to steeringg si~nals on one of the leads 40 to ~L3 c~mces the video s~.itch 11 to select en a~propriate si.-~nPl for display in depender!ce upon the noti,onal ~osi.tion of the vie~Jer.
If l~hen the intersection of sections Sl, S2 and S26 is reached ro stee-ring signals are received by the l?rocessor 10, after displa~v of the last fra~3e of Sl, the first frame of S2 t~1ill be selected. Ho~Jever, if on appro3chir~, the junction t~e vie~.;er co~mences a right '.,u-:n the proces~C3r 10 causes the video switch 11 to se1.ect Fi nals from the re~c'er 9. '~,'ne reader 9 is then c~n2sed to step t'rlrou~h the frhT)es of ~1~
Concurrently ~ith the displ~y of the fraIGrs of Rl, the ~,rocessor 1.0 cal~5ec the ~Ji.deo disc readers 2 to 8 to select their respective first frames of section S26. Thus, ~s soon as the steering si~,n~l.s indicate notional straight travel in the section S26 the appro-?riate frame from one of the readers 2 to 8 may be displayed~
Once t'ne notional position of the viewer is in the section S26 the disc reader 1 is reset to the first fr~r.le of ~11 whilst the disc reader 9 is reset to the first fra23e of Rl40 Once the di.sc readers 2 to $
cor.nme33ce the first frO.TIe of section S27 (as~sumin-~g that a ir,ht -turn into section S2~ has no-c bee~n ~ede~, the disc reader 9 is set -to the first ~ra?le of R15.
~ hus, regardless of the route chosen by the vie~ier, a continuou~C, rol.ion picture is ?rovided to tne television projector 12 reflecting the notional position and movement (if any) of the vie~er~ If a stop is selected then the same frame is continuously displayed 1~8~
hilst the rate of change of the fr&me displayed may be varied.
,Referr;.ng now to FiguIes 1 and 3 variations in the notional track ta~en by a vehicle, are catered for by se-'.ectin the fraA~e for ~iis~lay from one of the disc readers 2 to ~ in accoTdarlce ~ith variations in the notional ~stee:ring.T};us if the steering of a vehicle v~ ies i~ ore o.f the sections, s~y Sl~ as shown by the line 50-50' t,hen o~er a ?eriod of ti~e to tO t33 (L~here each of t`rJe r,eriods tn .~,ay v~Ary) the frar~es for d~splay 2re sr=l.ected by t7-,e ~,-roces.-or 10 by use of ihe vi~eo s~.iLch 11 in accordence wi-th -the followi.n~ t?ble:
~ra,.'e .o~ Vi.deo ~ra.~e I~io, Video ~ra~e No. Video l',i.sc ~~~-~ D;.. sc - ~sc ~tea~r T,~ ? er Re~e~
tO O ~1 6 tl2 C S1 6 L,23 ~3 ~1 5 15 tl 1 Sl 6 tl3 13 Sl 5 t~4 24 Sl 5 t2 2 Sl 6 tl4 14 Sl 4 t~5 ~5 Sl 6 t3 3 Sl 7 tl5 15 Sl 4 t26 ~6 S1 6 t4 4 Sl 7 tl6 15 Sl 3 t2? 27 Sl 7 t5 5 Sl 8 tl7 17 Sl 3 t28 28 Sl 7 ~C t6 6 Sl 8 tl& 1~, Sl 3 t29 29 Sl 7 t7 7 Sl 8 tl9 lG~ ,Sl 3 t30 30 Sl 7 t8 8 Sl 8 t2C 20 Sl 3 t31 31 Sl 7 t9 9 Sl ~ L,?l 21 Sl 3 t32 32 Sl 7 tlO 10 Sl 8 L,22 ~2 S~ 4 t33 3~ Sl 7 25 tll 11 Sl. 7 __ _. __ _ _ _ .__ ___ _ ConsiQering the Tra~e and ~id-o d~sc rea~er selectiGn for a tvrn say frolri Sll' to S2'~ of ~ re 5 usinG~ the ri.rht h.and turn R9 and referrin~ also to ~i~ure 4 the notional ~a.ih 51-51' the selection by 'he ~rocessor 10 and ~sin_ the video s~Jitch 11 is as follows:
_9_ Time Frame No. Video Time ~rame No. Video _ ~ - ~ Disc Reader Reader tOO Sll' 2 tlO 2 Rl 9 tl1 Sll' 2 tll 3 Rl 9 t22 Sll' 2 tl2 4 Rl 9 t3 3 Sll' 3 tl3 5 Rl 9 t4 4 Sll' 4 tl4 0 S24 7 t5 5 Sll' 5 tl5 1 S24 7 t6 6 Sll' 6 tl6 2 S2~ 6 t7 7 Sll' 7 tl7 3 S24 5 t8 0 Rl 9 t~8 4 S24 4 t-91 Rl 9 It l!ill be xe~lised that ~hilst as herein described only Gne video disc reader 1 or 9 has been allocat~d ,o the respec-tive left h~nd and right hand turn ~unctions a number of readers could also be used for this function to provide a greater variation in the notional turning route.
It will be realised that, as thus far described, a certain amolmt of ~itter -~ill occur in the displayed picture ,:hen the displayed frame charlges from that provided by one of ciisc readels 1 to 9 to another of the disc ~eadersa Such jitter may be compensated for by interpolation of the signals from the two video disc read-rs as the point of changeover is approached.
~hus a line of fIame store (not shovn) may be used to which si~nals froJn two of tne ~ideo disc readers 1 to 9 may be p-ssed,the line or frame sto-e intermi!lgling the -two sets ol si na~s for passin~ to the chro~akey switch 21.
~0 Alternatively slight optical distortio~ of the ima~e produced by the ~ro~ec~ion television may be employed as the point of chan~eover is approached~
~ hus far only a basic trainin~ aid has been 81!~3~
cGnsidered which whilst permitting notional travel along any route within the confines of the area recor.1ed has not per~itted any variations in the conditions so m~t. For exa~lple, referring again to Figure 5 there may be traffic lights at the junction of the sections S5 and Sl2~ If on a~proachi.ng sllch a jwtction the user i.s a-are that the lights will a]~ays be set to 'go' the tra;nirlg value is lcs~e.~ed.
~ ilarly other ve?ticles ~ay be par'~.ed at the ].0 :ro~dsi~e, or l'OVi~ alo!lg a ro~d sectior-. AEain refeIring -to F;..-~ire l to si~,ulate ~uch features the pro~essor lO is a~u-~rged to generate eolol1r i~ares which are used b~T-t'rJe chr~ ey ~witch 21 to superim-pose the fe~t;ures a~d ch~saes i~i them in -the scertario~
If, for e~ ;?le, -traffi.c lir;h-ts are recorded with all col OUI'S sho-.i..-3~,, say, ed, a~,ber and green tl-en t;he ch.~or,a~rey switch 21 ~Jay b-^- caused to black out any one or two of these s~ecific colours in the data passed to the projec-tion television 12. Accordi.ngly on one noti.oral approach to traffic lights the 'red' ~nd 'amber' r,ay be blacked out, whilst or a~o-th r approach the 'red' and 'green' may be blacked out or the 'amber' and 'gIeen'` or solely the 'green'. Thus the traffic lights displayed are capable of showing any phase wnich may be enco~tered in practice.
In a similar manner by selection of a colour or colours o-v-er which superimposition of an image may occur other road hazardsS vehicles and the like may be introdut;ed, Such leatuIes as vehicles, pedestria~s &nd the like may be produced by use of a further video disc reader (not shown). Thus the particular feat~res will be recorded against a fixed colour backgrou~
and the video disc used to provide signals to the chrom-a~ey switch 21~ The chroma~ey switch 21 then mixes the signals fro~ the video disc readers l - 9 with the 8~
signal from the additional video disc reader before supplying the signals to the projection te:Levision 12.
The ability to introduce such features as that provided by the chromakey switch 21 also permits the apparatus to be used in the training of railway loco-motive drivers. It will be apparent that the 'steering"
aspects of Figure 1 are not required in respect of railway vehicles since a fixed path is followed. Thus only two of the video disc readers 1 to 9 will be required, one for notiona] straight motion on a track and one for transfer by points to allother track.
The chromakey switch ?l under control of the pro-cessor is arranged to show changes in colour ]ight s;gnal relevant to the track being displayed.
Whilst herein described the picture is produced by the projection television 12 it will be appreciated that other mealls responsive to signals derived from the data held by the video disc readers 1 to 9 rr.ay be ernployed.
In an alternative raode of operation the chromakey switch 21 is replaced by a luminance key switch (not shown) which operates on the lurninance signal e]ernent of the selected video-signal output. The luminance key switch may be arranged to switch at a presettable lurninance ievel. Bo,h lurninance key switch and chromakey switching rnay be used in tandem for superimposition of dif~erilig effects.
Gther applications of the apparatus will also become apparent. For e~ample by sending a small team to fi]m, say, a forest or jungle in a grid pattern, a larger number of people may be familiarised with the forest or jungle by use of the apparatus described.
The chromakey switch 21 may be used to superimpose visual effects within such scenarios.
Thus the apparatus rnay also find use in tactical briefing roorns and/or for military training purposes for example. The apparatus rnay also find use in the display of mimic diagrams in a moving or static layout with superimpositiori of symbols and other features.
Claims (13)
1. Training apparatus for depicting apparent motion to users of the apparatus, comprising a moving picture display means, at least one video-disc reading head arranged to scan a pre-recorded video track and providing a background video output signal representing a series of frames depict-ing apparent motion and processing means which receive said background signal from said video-disc reading head and process said background signal using a chroma-keying or luminance keying technique to provide a modified video output signal which is received by said moving picture display means to provide a display of said series of frames which may have variable visual effects superimposed thereon.
2. Training apparatus according to Claim 1 comprising a plurality of video-disc reading heads each arranged to scan a respective pre-recorded video track in synchronism with each other to provide respective video output signals, each of the respective video output signals representing a respective series of frames depicting apparent motion in respective parallel lines spaced transversely of the direction of the apparent motion and further comprising selection means responsive to control means which are in turn responsive to user action so as to select one of the respective video output signals as said background video output signal for processing by said processing means.
3. Training apparatus for depicting apparent motion to users of the apparatus, comprising a moving picture display means, a plurality of video-disc reading heads each arranged to scan a respective pre-recorded video track in synchron-ism with each other to provide respective video output signals, each of the respective video output signals repre-senting a respective series of frames depicting apparent motion in respective parallel lines spaced transversely of the direction of the apparent motion, and selection means responsive to control means which are in turn responsive to user action so as to select one or other of said video signals to be passed to said moving picture display means so that each frame displayed is that most closely depicting a view in the direction chosen by said control means.
4. Training apparatus as claimed in Claim 2 or Claim 3 having at least one video-disc reader which has a plurality of reading heads which constitute said reading heads.
5. Training apparatus as claimed in Claim 2 or Claim 3 in which each of said reading heads forms part of a differ-ent one of a plurality of video-disc readers.
6. Training apparatus as claimed in Claim 2 or Claim 3 including a second plurality of video-disc reading heads, each arranged to scan respective pre-recorded video tracks to provide respective video output signals to said display means to depict apparent motion at turning points of an available route.
7. Training apparatus as claimed in Claim 2 and including a second plurality of video-disc reading heads, each arranged to scan respective pre-recorded video tracks to provide respective video output signals to said display means to depict apparent motion at turning points of an available route, wherein at least one of said second plurality of video-disc reading heads is arranged to scan a video track which is associated with the commencing frame of the next possible turning point of a route whilst the first said plurality of video disc reading heads are in use to depict apparent motion along that route.
8. Training apparatus as claimed in Claim 7 wherein at least one of said second plurality of video-disc reading heads is arranged to scan a video track which is associated with the commencing frame of the next possible apparent left hand turning point of a route and at least one other of said second plurality of video-disc reading heads is arranged to scan a video track which is associated with the commencing frame of the next possible apparent right hand turning point of that route whilst the first said plurality of video-disc reading heads are in use to depict apparent motion along that route.
9. Training apparatus as claimed in Claim 3 and including a second plurality of video-disc reading heads, each arranged to scan respective pre-recorded video tracks to provide respective video output signals to said display means to depict apparent motion at turning points of an available route, wherein at least one of said second plurality of video-disc reading heads is arranged to scan a video track which is associated with the commencing frame of the next possible turning point of a route whilst the first said plurality of video disc reading heads are in use to depict apparent motion along that route.
10. Training apparatus as claimed in Claim 9 wherein at least one of said second plurality of video-disc reading heads is arranged to scan a video track which is associated with the commencing frame of the next possible apparent left hand turning point of a route and at least one other of said second plurality of video-disc reading heads is arranged to scan a video track which is associated with the commencing frame of the next possible apparent right hand turning point of that route whilst the first said plurality of video-disc reading heads are in use to depict apparent motion along that route.
11. Training apparatus as claimed in Claim 7 or Claim 10 in which said second plurality of video-disc reading heads are arranged to scan respective video tracks in synchronism with each other to provide respective video output signals as aforesaid which output signals depict apparent motion in respective parallel lines transverse of the direction of apparent motion at possible turning points of said route.
12. Training apparatus as claimed in Claim 2, Claim 3 or Claim 7 wherein said control means constitute steering means arranged to control the route of the apparent motion depicted by the apparatus.
13. Training apparatus as claimed in Claim 2, Claim 3 or Claim 7 wherein said selection means are also responsive to further control means, which further control means are operable by a user to vary the rate of display of a series of frames so as to depict an apparent acceleration or de-celeration in the speed of the apparent motion.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8214302 | 1982-05-17 | ||
| GB8214302 | 1982-05-17 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1188889A true CA1188889A (en) | 1985-06-18 |
Family
ID=10530405
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000428257A Expired CA1188889A (en) | 1982-05-17 | 1983-05-16 | Training apparatus |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0108123A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1188889A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1983004121A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5331417A (en) * | 1992-09-15 | 1994-07-19 | Digital Pictures, Inc. | System and method of displaying a plurality of digital video images |
| US6117007A (en) * | 1996-08-09 | 2000-09-12 | Konami Corporation | Driving game machine and a storage medium for storing a driving game program |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3513459A (en) * | 1967-04-28 | 1970-05-19 | Burroughs Corp | Multiple stationed and independently selective transducer system |
| FR2183386A5 (en) * | 1972-05-05 | 1973-12-14 | Materiel Telephonique | |
| US3903613A (en) * | 1974-02-07 | 1975-09-09 | Aaron M Bisberg | Bicycle training device for simulating the movement of a bicycle equipped with gears |
| DE2710781A1 (en) * | 1977-03-11 | 1978-09-14 | Siemens Ag | Tape recorder for video signals or data - has extra endless recording device for replay without stopping main storage medium |
| US4305131A (en) * | 1979-02-05 | 1981-12-08 | Best Robert M | Dialog between TV movies and human viewers |
| FR2450486A1 (en) * | 1979-03-02 | 1980-09-26 | Materiel Telephonique | METHOD AND SYSTEMS FOR ELECTRONIC GENERATION OF WIDE ANGLE MOVED IMAGE FOR VESSEL DRIVING ASSEMBLY |
| DE2934422A1 (en) * | 1979-08-25 | 1981-03-26 | Heinz 79539 Lörrach Krieger | Video recording system for teaching - enables operation cycles and tabulated data to be represented on controlled cycle |
| NL7908476A (en) * | 1979-11-21 | 1981-06-16 | Philips Nv | DEVICE FOR INTERACTIVE IMAGE VIEW. |
-
1983
- 1983-05-16 CA CA000428257A patent/CA1188889A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-05-17 WO PCT/GB1983/000140 patent/WO1983004121A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1983-05-17 EP EP19830901826 patent/EP0108123A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0108123A1 (en) | 1984-05-16 |
| WO1983004121A1 (en) | 1983-11-24 |
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Legal Events
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| MKEX | Expiry |