CA1187474A - Method and tool for cleaving of rock - Google Patents
Method and tool for cleaving of rockInfo
- Publication number
- CA1187474A CA1187474A CA000403644A CA403644A CA1187474A CA 1187474 A CA1187474 A CA 1187474A CA 000403644 A CA000403644 A CA 000403644A CA 403644 A CA403644 A CA 403644A CA 1187474 A CA1187474 A CA 1187474A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cleaving
- pressure element
- rock
- hole
- rod
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/08—Wrecking of buildings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
- E21C37/06—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
- E21C37/10—Devices with expanding elastic casings
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
- Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Sink And Installation For Waste Water (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A rock cleaving and excavating method according to which a hole is bored in rock and a cleaving rod is inserted in the hole which rod is provided with a pressure element of elastic material. By compressing the pressure element axially in the hole the pressure element is caused to expand radially and to apply to the wall of the hole a pressing force which exceeds the breaking strength of the rock and cleaves the rock. The elastic pressure element is uniformly pressed also against an uneven wall of a bore hole and produces a controlled cleaving. The cleaving tool comprises a cleaving rod connected to a power means and provided with an elastic pressure element located axially between two axially displaceable supports. The supports are displaced by means of the power means so that the supports compress the pressure element axially and force the pressure element to expand radially in a corresponding manner.
A rock cleaving and excavating method according to which a hole is bored in rock and a cleaving rod is inserted in the hole which rod is provided with a pressure element of elastic material. By compressing the pressure element axially in the hole the pressure element is caused to expand radially and to apply to the wall of the hole a pressing force which exceeds the breaking strength of the rock and cleaves the rock. The elastic pressure element is uniformly pressed also against an uneven wall of a bore hole and produces a controlled cleaving. The cleaving tool comprises a cleaving rod connected to a power means and provided with an elastic pressure element located axially between two axially displaceable supports. The supports are displaced by means of the power means so that the supports compress the pressure element axially and force the pressure element to expand radially in a corresponding manner.
Description
The present invention rclates to a method of cleaving of rock according to which method a hole is bored in the rock, a radially sxpansible cleaving rod is inserted in the hole and said cleaving rod is expanded by power means, for applying a pressing force exceecling the breaking strength of the rock on the wall of the hole.
In this connection, the word "roclc" mainly refers to the rock material itself or any other similar material, and the method according to the invention is intended to cover not only cleaving of separate stones and rock blocks but also rock excavation.
In order to avoid the disadvantages associated with cleav-ing and excavation carried out by blasting, a number of methods and tools have been developed which are based on breaking of the rock by mechanical means actuated by a pressure fluid.
From ~erman patent publication l,294,305 a cleaving apparatus is previously known which operates by means of compress-ed air and in which the cleaving rocl to be inserted in the hole bored in the rock comprises a flexible hose which at one end is connecteci to a compressed-air accumulator and at the other end is provided with a valve which by means of a safety pin is tensioned in closed position. As the pressure increases in the flexible hose, the hose expands radially outwards so that it is pressed against the wall of the bore hole and at the same time seals the hole and applies a prepressure on the rock. When the pressure has reached a sufficiently high level, the safety cotter of the valve is broksn at which moment air jets are ejs-cted from radially directed holes in the valve into the bore hole, whereby the pressure imp~llse produced by said air jets together with said prepressure breaks the rosk.
However, such a cleaving method suffers of the disadvantage that the sudden pressure impulse generated causes a cleavage comparable to an explosion whereby rock pieces are easily thrown into the surroundings and the cleavage does not always take place in a sufficiently controlled manner.
From Swedish patent publication 401,706 a hydraulically operated mechanicdl wedge is previously known in which the cleaving rod comprises two wedge-shaped jaws and a wedge displaceable between said jaws. ~ hydraulic cylinder pushes the wedge in between the jaws whereby the pressure caused by the jaws breaks the rock.
Such cleaving method suffers from the disadvantages that if the wall of the bore hole is uneven, concentrated force pea]cs are produced between the rigid jaws and the wall of the hole which break the rock in an uncontrolled manner.
The object of the present invention is to provide a method which eliminates the above-mentioned disadvantages and permits a precise control of cleaving. This object is achieved by means of the method according to the invention which is characterized in that the cleaving rod is expanded radially by axially compressing a pressure element of elastic material in the hole.
According to the invention a cleaving method is provided wherein a uniformly distributed pressure action is produced in the bore hole in spite of any unevenness therein because the pressure element of elastic material is able to conform to the unevennesses in the wall of the bore hole. The pressure action can be increased steadily until the rock is broken because the pressure action is produced as a result of the radial expansion of the elastic pressure element when said element is more and more compressed axially in the hole.
Therefore, no sudden oversized outburst of force takes place which might result in rock pieces being thrown into the surroundings and in uncontrolled cleaving.
The invention also relates to a tool for carrying out the method described above, and this tool is characterized by the use of a plurality of cleaving rods connected to a power source, the cleaving being simultaneously expanded.
In a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a tool for cleaving of rock comprising a
In this connection, the word "roclc" mainly refers to the rock material itself or any other similar material, and the method according to the invention is intended to cover not only cleaving of separate stones and rock blocks but also rock excavation.
In order to avoid the disadvantages associated with cleav-ing and excavation carried out by blasting, a number of methods and tools have been developed which are based on breaking of the rock by mechanical means actuated by a pressure fluid.
From ~erman patent publication l,294,305 a cleaving apparatus is previously known which operates by means of compress-ed air and in which the cleaving rocl to be inserted in the hole bored in the rock comprises a flexible hose which at one end is connecteci to a compressed-air accumulator and at the other end is provided with a valve which by means of a safety pin is tensioned in closed position. As the pressure increases in the flexible hose, the hose expands radially outwards so that it is pressed against the wall of the bore hole and at the same time seals the hole and applies a prepressure on the rock. When the pressure has reached a sufficiently high level, the safety cotter of the valve is broksn at which moment air jets are ejs-cted from radially directed holes in the valve into the bore hole, whereby the pressure imp~llse produced by said air jets together with said prepressure breaks the rosk.
However, such a cleaving method suffers of the disadvantage that the sudden pressure impulse generated causes a cleavage comparable to an explosion whereby rock pieces are easily thrown into the surroundings and the cleavage does not always take place in a sufficiently controlled manner.
From Swedish patent publication 401,706 a hydraulically operated mechanicdl wedge is previously known in which the cleaving rod comprises two wedge-shaped jaws and a wedge displaceable between said jaws. ~ hydraulic cylinder pushes the wedge in between the jaws whereby the pressure caused by the jaws breaks the rock.
Such cleaving method suffers from the disadvantages that if the wall of the bore hole is uneven, concentrated force pea]cs are produced between the rigid jaws and the wall of the hole which break the rock in an uncontrolled manner.
The object of the present invention is to provide a method which eliminates the above-mentioned disadvantages and permits a precise control of cleaving. This object is achieved by means of the method according to the invention which is characterized in that the cleaving rod is expanded radially by axially compressing a pressure element of elastic material in the hole.
According to the invention a cleaving method is provided wherein a uniformly distributed pressure action is produced in the bore hole in spite of any unevenness therein because the pressure element of elastic material is able to conform to the unevennesses in the wall of the bore hole. The pressure action can be increased steadily until the rock is broken because the pressure action is produced as a result of the radial expansion of the elastic pressure element when said element is more and more compressed axially in the hole.
Therefore, no sudden oversized outburst of force takes place which might result in rock pieces being thrown into the surroundings and in uncontrolled cleaving.
The invention also relates to a tool for carrying out the method described above, and this tool is characterized by the use of a plurality of cleaving rods connected to a power source, the cleaving being simultaneously expanded.
In a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a tool for cleaving of rock comprising a
- 2 ~
'7'~
cleaving rod provided with two supports axially displaceable with xespect to each other and a power means fastened to the cleavi.ng rod for displacing the supports, characterized in that a pressure element of elastic material is provided between the supports so that the displacement of the supports with respect to each other compresses -the pressure element ax.ially and expands it radially.
The tool according to the invention is simple in construction and is easy to make automatically operated.
The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing which illustra-tes the invention by way of example and wherein:
Figures 1 and 2 illustrate one preferred embodiment of a cleaving tool according to the invention in partial axial section when installed in a bore hole before and after cleaving, respectively. Figure 3 illustrates several cleaving tools connected to :~`
-2a-~ 7~
the same pressure source.
The cleaving tool shown in Figures l and 2 mainly comprises a cleaving rod l and a hydraulic cylinder 2 fastened thereto.
Instead of a hydraulic cylinder, any other commonly known power means may be used.
Tl-e cleaving rod l comprises a cylindrical bar 3 provided at one end with a head 4 wider than the rod and a tube 5 through which the bar 3 extends slideably with a small clearance, and a sleeve-like pressure element 6 located between the head 4 and the tube 5 and through which the bar 3 extencls. The head 4 forms an annular support surface 4a which abuts against one end surface of the pressure element, and the tube 5 forms a support surface 5a which abuts against the other end surface of said element.
The head 4, the tube 5 and the element 6 form in their inoperative position a cylindrical surface of a somewhat smaller diameter than the diameter of a hole 8 bored in the rock 7 to be broken.
The hydraulic cylinder 2 includes a housing 9 which is rigidly fastened, 'or example, to the tube 5 and a piston 10 which is rigidly -fastened to the bar 3. A cylinder space ll is connected by a pipe 12 through a conventional actuating valve 13 to a source of hydraul c fluid l4.
The pressure element 6 is made of such an elastic material that said element is deformable but remains substantially incom-pressible in volums when compressed by external forces. Suitable material are, for example, various rubber qualities and polyurethane.
The cleaving tool is operated in the following manner:
The tool rod l is inserted in the hole bored in the rock to be cleaved so that the pressure element 6 is located entirely within the hole. I~sreafter, hydraulic pressure is applied to the cylinder space ll whereby the piston is displaced upwards with respect to the housing and pushes the bar 3 in a corresponding manner with respest to the tub~f 5. This results in a radial com-pression of the pressure element bctween the suppc)rt surfaces 4a and 5a, whereby said elernent in a correspon;ling manner expands radially outwards while being sealingly pressed against the wall of the bore hole with its entire mantle surface. As the hydraulic 7'~
cylindel pulls the bar upwards, the pressure applied by the radially expanding pressure element on the rock increases. When the pressure exceeds the breaking strength of the rock~ the rock is cleavea. Hereupon the pressure is released from the cylinder space, whereby the bar is displaced back to its initial position by the pushing action of the elastic pressure element so that the cleaving rod is ready to be inserted in the next bore hole.
It will be noted that the cleaving tool is very simple in construction and operation and that, owiny to the elastic pressure element, the pressing force exerted by the cleaving tool on the rock will be uniformly distributed over thc entire wall surface of the bore hole in spite of any unevennesses.The force used for cleaving the rock is not greater than required by the breaking strength of the rock wherefore no breaking similar to an explosion occurs and the cleaving can be controllcd precisely.
According to Figure 3, a plurality of cleaving rods can, when using pressure fluid, be connected to the sarne pressure source, for example, for looser.ing a block of a certain shape. A
flow control valve 15 may, in addition, be installed for each tool 1, 2. ~.lithout a flow control valve, the tools will, when the rock is brol<en, expand somewhat more at the location where the breaking starts while at thc same ~ime causing a momentary pressure reàuction n the other tools, Consequently, the cleaving tal<es place srnoothly. When usir,g flow control valves,the pressure reduction has no effect on the other tools but their pressing force remains unchanged and cleaving takes place with more strength.
The drawing and the dcscription related thereto are only intended to illustra.e the idea of the invention. In its details, the method according to the invention and the tool for carrying out said method may vary within the scope o' the claims.
'7'~
cleaving rod provided with two supports axially displaceable with xespect to each other and a power means fastened to the cleavi.ng rod for displacing the supports, characterized in that a pressure element of elastic material is provided between the supports so that the displacement of the supports with respect to each other compresses -the pressure element ax.ially and expands it radially.
The tool according to the invention is simple in construction and is easy to make automatically operated.
The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing which illustra-tes the invention by way of example and wherein:
Figures 1 and 2 illustrate one preferred embodiment of a cleaving tool according to the invention in partial axial section when installed in a bore hole before and after cleaving, respectively. Figure 3 illustrates several cleaving tools connected to :~`
-2a-~ 7~
the same pressure source.
The cleaving tool shown in Figures l and 2 mainly comprises a cleaving rod l and a hydraulic cylinder 2 fastened thereto.
Instead of a hydraulic cylinder, any other commonly known power means may be used.
Tl-e cleaving rod l comprises a cylindrical bar 3 provided at one end with a head 4 wider than the rod and a tube 5 through which the bar 3 extends slideably with a small clearance, and a sleeve-like pressure element 6 located between the head 4 and the tube 5 and through which the bar 3 extencls. The head 4 forms an annular support surface 4a which abuts against one end surface of the pressure element, and the tube 5 forms a support surface 5a which abuts against the other end surface of said element.
The head 4, the tube 5 and the element 6 form in their inoperative position a cylindrical surface of a somewhat smaller diameter than the diameter of a hole 8 bored in the rock 7 to be broken.
The hydraulic cylinder 2 includes a housing 9 which is rigidly fastened, 'or example, to the tube 5 and a piston 10 which is rigidly -fastened to the bar 3. A cylinder space ll is connected by a pipe 12 through a conventional actuating valve 13 to a source of hydraul c fluid l4.
The pressure element 6 is made of such an elastic material that said element is deformable but remains substantially incom-pressible in volums when compressed by external forces. Suitable material are, for example, various rubber qualities and polyurethane.
The cleaving tool is operated in the following manner:
The tool rod l is inserted in the hole bored in the rock to be cleaved so that the pressure element 6 is located entirely within the hole. I~sreafter, hydraulic pressure is applied to the cylinder space ll whereby the piston is displaced upwards with respect to the housing and pushes the bar 3 in a corresponding manner with respest to the tub~f 5. This results in a radial com-pression of the pressure element bctween the suppc)rt surfaces 4a and 5a, whereby said elernent in a correspon;ling manner expands radially outwards while being sealingly pressed against the wall of the bore hole with its entire mantle surface. As the hydraulic 7'~
cylindel pulls the bar upwards, the pressure applied by the radially expanding pressure element on the rock increases. When the pressure exceeds the breaking strength of the rock~ the rock is cleavea. Hereupon the pressure is released from the cylinder space, whereby the bar is displaced back to its initial position by the pushing action of the elastic pressure element so that the cleaving rod is ready to be inserted in the next bore hole.
It will be noted that the cleaving tool is very simple in construction and operation and that, owiny to the elastic pressure element, the pressing force exerted by the cleaving tool on the rock will be uniformly distributed over thc entire wall surface of the bore hole in spite of any unevennesses.The force used for cleaving the rock is not greater than required by the breaking strength of the rock wherefore no breaking similar to an explosion occurs and the cleaving can be controllcd precisely.
According to Figure 3, a plurality of cleaving rods can, when using pressure fluid, be connected to the sarne pressure source, for example, for looser.ing a block of a certain shape. A
flow control valve 15 may, in addition, be installed for each tool 1, 2. ~.lithout a flow control valve, the tools will, when the rock is brol<en, expand somewhat more at the location where the breaking starts while at thc same ~ime causing a momentary pressure reàuction n the other tools, Consequently, the cleaving tal<es place srnoothly. When usir,g flow control valves,the pressure reduction has no effect on the other tools but their pressing force remains unchanged and cleaving takes place with more strength.
The drawing and the dcscription related thereto are only intended to illustra.e the idea of the invention. In its details, the method according to the invention and the tool for carrying out said method may vary within the scope o' the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method of cleaving of rock according to which method a hole is bored in the rock, a radially expansible cleaving rod is inserted in the hole and said cleaving rod is expanded by power means for applying a pressing force exceeding the breaking strength of the rock on the wall of the hole, characterized in that the cleaving rod is expanded radially by axially compressing a pressure element of elastic material in the hole.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of cleaving rods are connected to a common power source, and that the cleaving rods are simultaneously expanded.
3. A tool for cleaving of rock comprising a cleaving rod provided with two supports axially displaceable with respect to each other and a power means fastened to the cleaving rod for displacing said supports, characterized in that a pressure element of elastic material is provided between said supports so that the displacement of said supports with respect to each other compresses said pressure element axially and expands it radially.
4. A tool according to claim 3, characterized in that the pressure element is sleeve-shaped and surrounds a rod-shaped support which extends through a tubular support fastened to a housing of said power means and is connected to an actuating element of said power means, both said supports being provided with annular support surfaces abutting from opposite sides against corresponding end surfaces of the sleeve-shaped pressure element.
5. A tool according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the pressure element is made of a deformable material which is substantially incompressible in volume.
6. A tool according to claim 3 or 4, in which the power means is pressure fluid operated, characterized in that the power means is provided with a flow control valve for maintaining the compression force acting on the pressure element.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI811,740 | 1981-06-04 | ||
| FI811740A FI64438C (en) | 1981-06-04 | 1981-06-04 | FOERFARANDE FOER SPJAELKNING AV STEN |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1187474A true CA1187474A (en) | 1985-05-21 |
Family
ID=8514466
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000403644A Expired CA1187474A (en) | 1981-06-04 | 1982-05-25 | Method and tool for cleaving of rock |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5841189A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU556541B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1187474A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3219618C2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES520669A0 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI64438C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2507245B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2099885B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1151450B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO821852L (en) |
| SE (1) | SE455956B (en) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3222206C2 (en) * | 1982-06-12 | 1985-03-14 | Peter 7000 Stuttgart Kessler | Device for breaking or blasting solid material, for example rock or concrete |
| JPS59118989A (en) * | 1982-12-13 | 1984-07-09 | 鹿島建設株式会社 | Static crushing of rock |
| SE444837B (en) * | 1984-10-18 | 1986-05-12 | Derman Ab K G | DEVICE FOR BLASTING STONE BLOCK, MOUNTAIN, CONCRETE AND SIMILAR |
| JPS61148231U (en) * | 1985-03-06 | 1986-09-12 | ||
| JPS61257593A (en) * | 1985-05-09 | 1986-11-15 | 西武ポリマ化成株式会社 | Crusher for base rock, etc. |
| JPH0336636Y2 (en) * | 1986-09-05 | 1991-08-02 | ||
| WO1990008247A1 (en) * | 1989-01-18 | 1990-07-26 | Spetsializirovanny Trest Po Remontu Promyshlennykh Zdany I Sooruzheny Predpriyaty Chernoi Metallurgii Tsentralnogo Raiona 'tsentrmetallurgremont' | Device for directed splitting of monolith objects |
| FR2671376A1 (en) * | 1991-01-07 | 1992-07-10 | Brole Jean | Method and hydraulic device for breaking stone or similar materials |
| CN103817805B (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2015-09-09 | 李衍远 | A kind of method utilizing long crack to expand segmentation flat-plate stone |
| CN104499729B (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2016-12-07 | 芜湖银星汽车零部件有限公司 | A kind of disassembly table |
| CN105437377A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-03-30 | 纪新刚 | Hydraulic splitting device and method |
| CN109372507B (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2023-10-20 | 张永利 | Hydraulic fracturing device and directional splitting and expanding fracturing method thereof |
| CN111175125A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-05-19 | 安徽理工大学 | Coal rock tensile strength cracking experiment probe and assembly method |
| CN111715368A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-09-29 | 成都易合元科技有限公司 | Flexible rock cracking device and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN111981923B (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2023-01-17 | 成都易合元科技有限公司 | Rock breaking method for supporting composite spalling |
| CN113431575B (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2024-04-26 | 中铁六局集团有限公司 | Construction method for assisting stone cutting excavation by plunger type rock hydraulic splitter |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1630470A (en) * | 1922-08-24 | 1927-05-31 | Clifford Corp | Apparatus for breaking down ore bodies |
| DE514338C (en) * | 1925-10-10 | 1930-12-10 | Siemens & Halske Akt Ges | Hydraulic blasting sleeve for blasting rocks |
| US1837651A (en) * | 1929-06-06 | 1931-12-22 | Fred S Caldwell | Apparatus for mining coal |
| DE1294305B (en) * | 1965-10-08 | 1969-05-08 | Glueckauf Guenther Klerner Mas | Use of a compressed air-actuated tubular explosive device in stone quarries |
| DE1577988A1 (en) * | 1966-07-20 | 1970-02-26 | Heinz Hoelter | Method and device for splitting preferably hard mineral, such as rock |
| GB1238181A (en) * | 1968-02-24 | 1971-07-07 | ||
| DE2129444A1 (en) * | 1971-06-14 | 1972-12-21 | Helmut Darda | Device for mechanical breaking down of rock or the like. |
-
1981
- 1981-06-04 FI FI811740A patent/FI64438C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1982
- 1982-05-17 GB GB8214252A patent/GB2099885B/en not_active Expired
- 1982-05-25 DE DE3219618A patent/DE3219618C2/en not_active Expired
- 1982-05-25 CA CA000403644A patent/CA1187474A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-05-26 FR FR8209163A patent/FR2507245B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-05-31 AU AU84314/82A patent/AU556541B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1982-06-01 SE SE8203368A patent/SE455956B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-06-03 JP JP57094119A patent/JPS5841189A/en active Granted
- 1982-06-03 IT IT21685/82A patent/IT1151450B/en active
- 1982-06-03 NO NO821852A patent/NO821852L/en unknown
-
1983
- 1983-03-16 ES ES520669A patent/ES520669A0/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE8203368L (en) | 1982-12-05 |
| SE455956B (en) | 1988-08-22 |
| FR2507245A1 (en) | 1982-12-10 |
| DE3219618C2 (en) | 1985-09-19 |
| FI64438B (en) | 1983-07-29 |
| NO821852L (en) | 1982-12-06 |
| JPS6145033B2 (en) | 1986-10-06 |
| FR2507245B1 (en) | 1988-07-08 |
| GB2099885A (en) | 1982-12-15 |
| ES8403564A1 (en) | 1984-03-16 |
| IT8221685A0 (en) | 1982-06-03 |
| DE3219618A1 (en) | 1983-01-05 |
| JPS5841189A (en) | 1983-03-10 |
| AU8431482A (en) | 1982-12-09 |
| GB2099885B (en) | 1984-05-31 |
| ES520669A0 (en) | 1984-03-16 |
| FI64438C (en) | 1983-11-10 |
| AU556541B2 (en) | 1986-11-06 |
| IT1151450B (en) | 1986-12-17 |
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