CA1186141A - Method for the manufacture of lens-like articles and the like - Google Patents
Method for the manufacture of lens-like articles and the likeInfo
- Publication number
- CA1186141A CA1186141A CA000369293A CA369293A CA1186141A CA 1186141 A CA1186141 A CA 1186141A CA 000369293 A CA000369293 A CA 000369293A CA 369293 A CA369293 A CA 369293A CA 1186141 A CA1186141 A CA 1186141A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- workpiece
- piece
- grinding
- machining
- working
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B13/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure A method for the manufacture of lens-like articles or the like, in which after machining one surface of a workpiece, a machinable piece is attached to the machined surface of the workpiece and the other surface thereof is machined, with the machinable piece held.
Description
36~
FIELD OF THE IN~ENTION
The present invention relates to a method for the manufacture of lens-like articles and the likeJ and more particularly to a manufacturing method which permits fabrication of lens-like articles or the like with various diameters ranging from a very small diameter to a large diameter and lens-like articles and ~he like obtained by the manufacturing method.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
For the manufacture of lens-like articles and the like, the method that has generally baen employed involves machining of one side of a workpiece, and then re~ersing it for machining the other side. With this method, however, it is dif~icult -to obtain small-diameter articles.
As a soluti~n to this problem, the present inventor has proposed a method and apparatus for the manu~acture o~ lens-like articles and the like in his prior Canadian Patent Application 357,513 filed August 1, 1980. That appli-cation discloses a manufacturing apparatus ~ith two aligned and opposed work Holders, a spindle normal to the work holder and a grinding plate and a polish-ing plate attached to the spindle. In use, a disc-shaped workpiece is inserted illtO a chuck of one or the work holders which i9 opened at a position spaced from the spindle. Then, the spindle is moved to bring the grinding plate into a ~0 working position and is driven. The work holder is moved forward to press the workpiece against the grinding plate so that one side o~ the workpiece is ground spherical. The spindle is then retracted to bring the polishing plate to a working position where the sperical surface of the workpiece is subject to polish finishing by the polis~ing plate. Next, the work holder is retracted and then stopped, and at the same time, the spindle is also retracted out of line with work holder. After this, a machinable piece of a material which has sub--1 - ~
~86~L4~
s~antially the same machinability as the workpiece is adhered to the machined surface of the workpiece as by an adhesive bînder. Then, the surface of the machinable piece is ground spherical, and the work holder is moved forward to engage the machined surface of the machinable piece to a suction pipe of the second wor~ holder. Since the surface of the machinable piece is ground spheri-cal and since the center lines of the two work holders are in alignment with a common center axis~ ~he attraction of t~e machined surface of the machinable piece ~o the suction pipe is ensured. Next, the irst work holder is released ~rom the workpiece and retracted, thus completing the transfer of the workpiece.
In this case, the transfer of the ~orkpiece is carried out without changing the center axis for working. Next, the spindle is moved forward to bring the grind-ing plate to its ~orking position. At the same time, the second workholder is moved forward while being rotated, thereby machining the other side of the work-pi0ce in the same manner as described previously. During an early stage of grinding, only the workpiece is ground, but as the machining proceeds, the ma-chinable piece is also ground. When the outer diameter of the workpiece has reached a desired value, the grinding is stopped and the attraction by the suc-tion pipe is released and then the ground workpiece is disassembled from the machinable piece, finishing the grinding operation. In this way~ a small-diameter ar~icle is obtained by working a large-diameter member which can easily be worked with high accuracy; it is possible easily to fabricate high precision prod~lcts of desired diameters.
~ith such a prior art method, after worXing one surface of a workpice held by one work holder, the workpiece is transferred, without changing the center of working, to the other work holder for working the other surface of the workpiece, so that this method is effective for working both sides of a workpiece of a crystal material to obtain a cr~stal oscillator having directionality.
4~
Since this method involves~ the transfer of the ~o~kpiece, howeyer, the apparatus embodying the method is complex in construction.
In producing a lens ~ ~orking hoth sides of a glass w~rkpiece, directionality need not ~e taken into account during wor~ing. Therefore, for such wGrking it is not necessary to employ such a complicated apparatus as sho~n in the a~ove application. Accordingly, it is desirable to use a manufacturing method which permits working with simple-structured apparatus.
'SUMM~RY'OF'THE'INVENTION
According to the present invention there is provided a method for the manufacture of a lens-like article or the like, comprising the steps of:
machining one surface o~ a workpiece into a part spherical or the like configuration; attaching a machinable piece to the machined surface of the w~rkpiece; machining the other surface of the w~rkpiece, including the machinable piece, into a part spherical or the like configuration; after machining both surfaces of the workpiece, attaching leads to said conductive machinable piece and the other surface of the w~rkpiece, measuring the accuracy of the machined ~rkpiece using the leads; and disassembling the machined workpiece from the machinable piece.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION'OF'THE'DRAWINGS
In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate the prior æ t c~pparatus and an apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention:
Figure 1 is a front vie~ shcwing a conventional manufacturing a~paratus for w~rking hoth sides of a workpiece;
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing h~ the w~rkpiece is held during w~rking in the apparatus of Figure l;
Figures 3(a) to 3(d) æe schematic diagrams showing the steps involved in the ~rking of the hoth sides of the w~rkpiece in the prior art method;
Figure 4 i~ a front vie~ illustrati~g a manu~acturing apparatus ~or carrying out the raethod of the present .Lnvention;
FIgures 5ra) to 5rc) are sch~matic diagrams showing the steps in-- 3a -~L861'~
volved in the wor~ing o~ ~oth sides of a ~rkpiece according to ~he present in-ven~ion;
Figure 6 is an enlarged diagranl of one part of Figure 51c); and Figures 7(a) to 7(c) are schemat~c diagrams explanatory o how leads are at~ached to the workpiece for testing its machining accuracy in the course of machining.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
Re~erri~g to the drawings, Figures 1 to 3 illustrate the manufacturing apparatus of application 357,513. In Figure 1, reference numeral 1 indicates a chassis; 2 and 3 clesignate work holders; and 4 identifies a spindle. With this apparatus, a workpiece i.s machined in the following manner:
Prior to worklng, a grinding plate 43 and a polishing plate 44 are attached to ~he spindle 4, as shown in Flgure 2, and a disc-shaped workpiece 100 or producing a lens-shaped article or the like is inserted into a chuck 25 of the work holder 3 which is opened at a position spaced apart from the spindle 4.
Moving a slide tube 23 in the direction B by activating a cylinder 35, the slide tu~e 23 is brought into engagement with respective chuck members 24 to resilient-1~ de~orm them, thereby closing the chuck 25 to hold the outer periphery of the workpiece 100. Then, the spindle 4 is moved to bring the grinding plate 43 to the solid-line position in Figure 2 and is then driven, and the work holder 3 is moved forward by a cylinder 32 or 34, while being driven, to press the workpiece 100 against the grinding plate 43 as indicated by the chain line in Figure 2, by which one side of the workpiece 100 is ground spherical. Then, the spindle 4 is retracted to bring the grinding plate 43 and the polishing plate 44 to the chain-line positions in Figure 2, where the spherical sur~ace o~ the workpiece 100 is suh~ect to polish ~in~sh by the polishing plate 44. Next, the work holder 3 is retracted in the direction B' and then stopped at the same time, the spindle 4 ~36~
is also retracted from t~e wor~ holder 3. After this, a machinab]e piece 101 of a mateTial which has substantially the same machinability as the workpiece 100 is stuck as by an adhesive binder to the mac'hined surface of the workpiece 100, as shown in Figure 3(a). It is desirable the machinable piece 101 is of the same material as the workpiece 100. Then, the surface o~ the machinable piece 101 is ground spherical, as shown in Figure 3tb), and the work holder 3 is moved forward to attract the worked surface of the machina~le piece 101 to a suction pipe 5A of the work holder 2, as depicted in Figure 3~c). In this case, since the surface of the machinable piece 101 is ground spherical and since the center lines of the work holders 2 and 3 are in alignment with a common center axis line a, the at raction of the machined surface of the machinable piece 101 to the suction pipe 5A is ensured. Next, the slide tube 23 is moved in the direction B' to open t'he chuck members 2~ and the work holder 3 is moved back, thus completing the trans~'er of the workpiece 100. In this case, the transfer of the workpiece is carried out without changing the center axis ~or working. Next, the spindle 4 is moved forward t~ the solid-line position in Figure 2 and, at the same time, the suction pipe 5A is also moved forward, by a cylinder 15 or 17, in the direc-tlon A whlle being rotated, thereby machining the other side of the workpiec 100 in the same manner as described previously. During an early stage of grinding, only the workpiece 100 is ground, but as the grinding proceeds, the machinable piece 101 is also ground, as shown in ~igure 3~d). ~hen the outer diameter of the workpiece 100 has reached a desired value dl, the grinding is stopped and the attraction by the suction pipe 5~ is released and then the ground workpiece 102 is disassembled from the machinable piece 101, finishing the grinding operation.
In this way, a small-diameter article is o~tained by working a large-diameter member which can easily be worked with high accuracy; it is possible to easily fabricate high precision products of desired diameters.
~L~8~
~ith sucll a prior art method, after working one surface of a workpiece held by one work holder, the workpiece is trans~erred, without changing the center of working, to the ~ther work helder for working the other surface of theworkpiece, so t~at this method is effective for working both sides of a workpiece of a crystal material to obtain a crystal oscillator ha~ing directionality.
Since this method involves the transfer of the workpiece, however, the apparatusem~odying the method is complex in construction.
In producing a lens by working both sides o~ a glass workpiece, direc-tionality need not be taken into account durlng working. There~ore, for such working, it is not necessary to employ such a complicated apparatus as shown in Pigure 1. Accordingly, it is desirable to use a manufacturing method which per-mits working with simple-structured apparatus. Such an apparatus is illustrated in Figures 4 to 7.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRE~ERRED EMBODIMENTS
-Re~erring now to Figures 4 to 6, an apparatus for carrying out the present invention will hereinafter be described in detail.
~igure 4 is a front view of an apparatus for carrying out the present invention. The apparatus is simple-structured in that the work holder 2 and the associated parts in the apparatus of Figure 1 are removed. In Figure 4, refer-ence numeral 201 indicates a chassis; 202 designates a work holder; and 203 identifies a spindle. The working procedure of this apparatus is as follows:
After one side of a workpiece 100 held by a chuck 204 of a work holder 2Q2 is ground spherical by tools mounted on the spindle 203, such as a grinding plate and a polishing plate, in the same manner as in the prior art, a machin-able piece 101 is stuck as by an adhesive binder to the ground surface of the workpiece 101, as shown in Figure 5(a). Then, the workpiece assembly is removed from the chuck 204, reversed and mounted again on the work holder 202, with the 3614~
machinable piece 101 held by the chuck 204, as shown in Figure 5(b), for grinding -the other side of the workpiece 100 into a spherical configuration.
As the working proceeds, the machinable piece 101 is also ground, as shown in Figure 5(c). mis is sh~n on an enlarged scale in Flgure 6. When the ~uter diameter of the workpiece 100 has reached a desired value d2, the grinding is stopped and the work assembly is removed from the work holder 204 and then the ground w~rkpiece 102 is disassembled from the machinable piece 101, finishing the grinding operation.
During the w~rking, after grinding of other surface of the workpiece 100 is substantially completed, it may sometimes be necessary to measure the accuracy of the workpiece for deciding whether further grinding is required or not. This is a problem which occurs especially when a high degree of accuracy is needed. For the measurement, leads must be attached to the both surfaces of the workpiece. In such a case, after grinding one surface of the workpiece 100, a lead 301 is attached to the ground surface and the machinable piece 101 is mounted on the ground surface with the lead 301 passing through a lead insertion hole 302 made beforehand in the machinable piece 101, as shown in Figure 7(a). After grinding the o-ther surface of the workpiece 100, a lead is attached to the ground surface prior ~o testing the workpiece 100. It is also possible that after grinding one surface of the w~rkpiece 100, the machinable piece 101, having therein a lead insertion hole 303, is attached to the ground surface and that after grinding the other surface, leads 301 and 301' are attached to the both surfaces as shown in Figu~e 7(b). In this instance, an a&esive binder for attaching the machinable piece 101 to the workpiece 100 is a conductive one.
Furthexm~re, the work~iece may also be tested for determining the extent of its machining by mounting a conductive machinable piece 101 on one ~1 !36~4:1 surface of the workpiece through using a conductive adhesive binder after machining that surface and attaching leads to the machinable piece 101 and the other surface of the workpiece after machining it, as shown in Figure 7 (c). This test is to measure the oscillation frequency of the machined workpiece by applying thereto a voltage via the leads, by which it is possible to decide the moment of completion of the machining. In the case of using the method shown in Figure 7(c), since one of the leads is attached -to the machinable piece 101 mounted on one side of the workpiece, the workpiece cannot be directly tested but, by using a machinable piece of a fixed shape and compensating therefor, the oscillation frequency of the workpiece can be detected.
According to the manufacturing method described above, highly accurate working can be performed by a simple procedure without involving the transfer of a workpiece from one work holder to the other on the center axis line common to them which is required in the prior art, and in addition, the apparatus used is simple in construction.
Though not described in detail, the work holding and releasing operations of the chuck 204 and the forward, backward and rotational movements of the work holder 202 and the spindle 203 are the same as the prior art.
In Figure 4, reference numerals 205, 206 and 207 indicate cylinders; 208 designates a slide tube; and 209 identify chuck members. These elements have the same construction and operation as in the prior art.
Further, in planing the edge of the workpiece after grinding both surfaces thereof, a tool 210 which is provided on ~L86~4~
the apparatus, though not shown in F1gure 4, is moved forwaxd as seen in Figure 6, to perform the edge planing of the work.
As has been described in the foregoing, according to the present invention, highly accurate lens-like articles can be obtained by a simple - 8a -' '`
~86~
procedure wi-thout the necessity of transferring a workpiece from one work holder to the other on -the oommon center axis line, and articles of various diameters ranging from a very small diameter to a very large diameter can be worked, and in addition~ the apparatus therefor is simple in construction.
Moreover, the foregDing description has been given of the case of working -the surface of a wor~piece into a spherical configuration, but it is also possible to machine the work into a concave or aspherical lens-like configuration such as a flat disc-shaped one or the like.
It will be apparent that many m~difications and variations may be effected without departing from the scope of the novel concepts of this invention.
9 ~_
FIELD OF THE IN~ENTION
The present invention relates to a method for the manufacture of lens-like articles and the likeJ and more particularly to a manufacturing method which permits fabrication of lens-like articles or the like with various diameters ranging from a very small diameter to a large diameter and lens-like articles and ~he like obtained by the manufacturing method.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
For the manufacture of lens-like articles and the like, the method that has generally baen employed involves machining of one side of a workpiece, and then re~ersing it for machining the other side. With this method, however, it is dif~icult -to obtain small-diameter articles.
As a soluti~n to this problem, the present inventor has proposed a method and apparatus for the manu~acture o~ lens-like articles and the like in his prior Canadian Patent Application 357,513 filed August 1, 1980. That appli-cation discloses a manufacturing apparatus ~ith two aligned and opposed work Holders, a spindle normal to the work holder and a grinding plate and a polish-ing plate attached to the spindle. In use, a disc-shaped workpiece is inserted illtO a chuck of one or the work holders which i9 opened at a position spaced from the spindle. Then, the spindle is moved to bring the grinding plate into a ~0 working position and is driven. The work holder is moved forward to press the workpiece against the grinding plate so that one side o~ the workpiece is ground spherical. The spindle is then retracted to bring the polishing plate to a working position where the sperical surface of the workpiece is subject to polish finishing by the polis~ing plate. Next, the work holder is retracted and then stopped, and at the same time, the spindle is also retracted out of line with work holder. After this, a machinable piece of a material which has sub--1 - ~
~86~L4~
s~antially the same machinability as the workpiece is adhered to the machined surface of the workpiece as by an adhesive bînder. Then, the surface of the machinable piece is ground spherical, and the work holder is moved forward to engage the machined surface of the machinable piece to a suction pipe of the second wor~ holder. Since the surface of the machinable piece is ground spheri-cal and since the center lines of the two work holders are in alignment with a common center axis~ ~he attraction of t~e machined surface of the machinable piece ~o the suction pipe is ensured. Next, the irst work holder is released ~rom the workpiece and retracted, thus completing the transfer of the workpiece.
In this case, the transfer of the ~orkpiece is carried out without changing the center axis for working. Next, the spindle is moved forward to bring the grind-ing plate to its ~orking position. At the same time, the second workholder is moved forward while being rotated, thereby machining the other side of the work-pi0ce in the same manner as described previously. During an early stage of grinding, only the workpiece is ground, but as the machining proceeds, the ma-chinable piece is also ground. When the outer diameter of the workpiece has reached a desired value, the grinding is stopped and the attraction by the suc-tion pipe is released and then the ground workpiece is disassembled from the machinable piece, finishing the grinding operation. In this way~ a small-diameter ar~icle is obtained by working a large-diameter member which can easily be worked with high accuracy; it is possible easily to fabricate high precision prod~lcts of desired diameters.
~ith such a prior art method, after worXing one surface of a workpice held by one work holder, the workpiece is transferred, without changing the center of working, to the other work holder for working the other surface of the workpiece, so that this method is effective for working both sides of a workpiece of a crystal material to obtain a cr~stal oscillator having directionality.
4~
Since this method involves~ the transfer of the ~o~kpiece, howeyer, the apparatus embodying the method is complex in construction.
In producing a lens ~ ~orking hoth sides of a glass w~rkpiece, directionality need not ~e taken into account during wor~ing. Therefore, for such wGrking it is not necessary to employ such a complicated apparatus as sho~n in the a~ove application. Accordingly, it is desirable to use a manufacturing method which permits working with simple-structured apparatus.
'SUMM~RY'OF'THE'INVENTION
According to the present invention there is provided a method for the manufacture of a lens-like article or the like, comprising the steps of:
machining one surface o~ a workpiece into a part spherical or the like configuration; attaching a machinable piece to the machined surface of the w~rkpiece; machining the other surface of the w~rkpiece, including the machinable piece, into a part spherical or the like configuration; after machining both surfaces of the workpiece, attaching leads to said conductive machinable piece and the other surface of the w~rkpiece, measuring the accuracy of the machined ~rkpiece using the leads; and disassembling the machined workpiece from the machinable piece.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION'OF'THE'DRAWINGS
In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate the prior æ t c~pparatus and an apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention:
Figure 1 is a front vie~ shcwing a conventional manufacturing a~paratus for w~rking hoth sides of a workpiece;
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing h~ the w~rkpiece is held during w~rking in the apparatus of Figure l;
Figures 3(a) to 3(d) æe schematic diagrams showing the steps involved in the ~rking of the hoth sides of the w~rkpiece in the prior art method;
Figure 4 i~ a front vie~ illustrati~g a manu~acturing apparatus ~or carrying out the raethod of the present .Lnvention;
FIgures 5ra) to 5rc) are sch~matic diagrams showing the steps in-- 3a -~L861'~
volved in the wor~ing o~ ~oth sides of a ~rkpiece according to ~he present in-ven~ion;
Figure 6 is an enlarged diagranl of one part of Figure 51c); and Figures 7(a) to 7(c) are schemat~c diagrams explanatory o how leads are at~ached to the workpiece for testing its machining accuracy in the course of machining.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
Re~erri~g to the drawings, Figures 1 to 3 illustrate the manufacturing apparatus of application 357,513. In Figure 1, reference numeral 1 indicates a chassis; 2 and 3 clesignate work holders; and 4 identifies a spindle. With this apparatus, a workpiece i.s machined in the following manner:
Prior to worklng, a grinding plate 43 and a polishing plate 44 are attached to ~he spindle 4, as shown in Flgure 2, and a disc-shaped workpiece 100 or producing a lens-shaped article or the like is inserted into a chuck 25 of the work holder 3 which is opened at a position spaced apart from the spindle 4.
Moving a slide tube 23 in the direction B by activating a cylinder 35, the slide tu~e 23 is brought into engagement with respective chuck members 24 to resilient-1~ de~orm them, thereby closing the chuck 25 to hold the outer periphery of the workpiece 100. Then, the spindle 4 is moved to bring the grinding plate 43 to the solid-line position in Figure 2 and is then driven, and the work holder 3 is moved forward by a cylinder 32 or 34, while being driven, to press the workpiece 100 against the grinding plate 43 as indicated by the chain line in Figure 2, by which one side of the workpiece 100 is ground spherical. Then, the spindle 4 is retracted to bring the grinding plate 43 and the polishing plate 44 to the chain-line positions in Figure 2, where the spherical sur~ace o~ the workpiece 100 is suh~ect to polish ~in~sh by the polishing plate 44. Next, the work holder 3 is retracted in the direction B' and then stopped at the same time, the spindle 4 ~36~
is also retracted from t~e wor~ holder 3. After this, a machinab]e piece 101 of a mateTial which has substantially the same machinability as the workpiece 100 is stuck as by an adhesive binder to the mac'hined surface of the workpiece 100, as shown in Figure 3(a). It is desirable the machinable piece 101 is of the same material as the workpiece 100. Then, the surface o~ the machinable piece 101 is ground spherical, as shown in Figure 3tb), and the work holder 3 is moved forward to attract the worked surface of the machina~le piece 101 to a suction pipe 5A of the work holder 2, as depicted in Figure 3~c). In this case, since the surface of the machinable piece 101 is ground spherical and since the center lines of the work holders 2 and 3 are in alignment with a common center axis line a, the at raction of the machined surface of the machinable piece 101 to the suction pipe 5A is ensured. Next, the slide tube 23 is moved in the direction B' to open t'he chuck members 2~ and the work holder 3 is moved back, thus completing the trans~'er of the workpiece 100. In this case, the transfer of the workpiece is carried out without changing the center axis ~or working. Next, the spindle 4 is moved forward t~ the solid-line position in Figure 2 and, at the same time, the suction pipe 5A is also moved forward, by a cylinder 15 or 17, in the direc-tlon A whlle being rotated, thereby machining the other side of the workpiec 100 in the same manner as described previously. During an early stage of grinding, only the workpiece 100 is ground, but as the grinding proceeds, the machinable piece 101 is also ground, as shown in ~igure 3~d). ~hen the outer diameter of the workpiece 100 has reached a desired value dl, the grinding is stopped and the attraction by the suction pipe 5~ is released and then the ground workpiece 102 is disassembled from the machinable piece 101, finishing the grinding operation.
In this way, a small-diameter article is o~tained by working a large-diameter member which can easily be worked with high accuracy; it is possible to easily fabricate high precision products of desired diameters.
~L~8~
~ith sucll a prior art method, after working one surface of a workpiece held by one work holder, the workpiece is trans~erred, without changing the center of working, to the ~ther work helder for working the other surface of theworkpiece, so t~at this method is effective for working both sides of a workpiece of a crystal material to obtain a crystal oscillator ha~ing directionality.
Since this method involves the transfer of the workpiece, however, the apparatusem~odying the method is complex in construction.
In producing a lens by working both sides o~ a glass workpiece, direc-tionality need not be taken into account durlng working. There~ore, for such working, it is not necessary to employ such a complicated apparatus as shown in Pigure 1. Accordingly, it is desirable to use a manufacturing method which per-mits working with simple-structured apparatus. Such an apparatus is illustrated in Figures 4 to 7.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRE~ERRED EMBODIMENTS
-Re~erring now to Figures 4 to 6, an apparatus for carrying out the present invention will hereinafter be described in detail.
~igure 4 is a front view of an apparatus for carrying out the present invention. The apparatus is simple-structured in that the work holder 2 and the associated parts in the apparatus of Figure 1 are removed. In Figure 4, refer-ence numeral 201 indicates a chassis; 202 designates a work holder; and 203 identifies a spindle. The working procedure of this apparatus is as follows:
After one side of a workpiece 100 held by a chuck 204 of a work holder 2Q2 is ground spherical by tools mounted on the spindle 203, such as a grinding plate and a polishing plate, in the same manner as in the prior art, a machin-able piece 101 is stuck as by an adhesive binder to the ground surface of the workpiece 101, as shown in Figure 5(a). Then, the workpiece assembly is removed from the chuck 204, reversed and mounted again on the work holder 202, with the 3614~
machinable piece 101 held by the chuck 204, as shown in Figure 5(b), for grinding -the other side of the workpiece 100 into a spherical configuration.
As the working proceeds, the machinable piece 101 is also ground, as shown in Figure 5(c). mis is sh~n on an enlarged scale in Flgure 6. When the ~uter diameter of the workpiece 100 has reached a desired value d2, the grinding is stopped and the work assembly is removed from the work holder 204 and then the ground w~rkpiece 102 is disassembled from the machinable piece 101, finishing the grinding operation.
During the w~rking, after grinding of other surface of the workpiece 100 is substantially completed, it may sometimes be necessary to measure the accuracy of the workpiece for deciding whether further grinding is required or not. This is a problem which occurs especially when a high degree of accuracy is needed. For the measurement, leads must be attached to the both surfaces of the workpiece. In such a case, after grinding one surface of the workpiece 100, a lead 301 is attached to the ground surface and the machinable piece 101 is mounted on the ground surface with the lead 301 passing through a lead insertion hole 302 made beforehand in the machinable piece 101, as shown in Figure 7(a). After grinding the o-ther surface of the workpiece 100, a lead is attached to the ground surface prior ~o testing the workpiece 100. It is also possible that after grinding one surface of the w~rkpiece 100, the machinable piece 101, having therein a lead insertion hole 303, is attached to the ground surface and that after grinding the other surface, leads 301 and 301' are attached to the both surfaces as shown in Figu~e 7(b). In this instance, an a&esive binder for attaching the machinable piece 101 to the workpiece 100 is a conductive one.
Furthexm~re, the work~iece may also be tested for determining the extent of its machining by mounting a conductive machinable piece 101 on one ~1 !36~4:1 surface of the workpiece through using a conductive adhesive binder after machining that surface and attaching leads to the machinable piece 101 and the other surface of the workpiece after machining it, as shown in Figure 7 (c). This test is to measure the oscillation frequency of the machined workpiece by applying thereto a voltage via the leads, by which it is possible to decide the moment of completion of the machining. In the case of using the method shown in Figure 7(c), since one of the leads is attached -to the machinable piece 101 mounted on one side of the workpiece, the workpiece cannot be directly tested but, by using a machinable piece of a fixed shape and compensating therefor, the oscillation frequency of the workpiece can be detected.
According to the manufacturing method described above, highly accurate working can be performed by a simple procedure without involving the transfer of a workpiece from one work holder to the other on the center axis line common to them which is required in the prior art, and in addition, the apparatus used is simple in construction.
Though not described in detail, the work holding and releasing operations of the chuck 204 and the forward, backward and rotational movements of the work holder 202 and the spindle 203 are the same as the prior art.
In Figure 4, reference numerals 205, 206 and 207 indicate cylinders; 208 designates a slide tube; and 209 identify chuck members. These elements have the same construction and operation as in the prior art.
Further, in planing the edge of the workpiece after grinding both surfaces thereof, a tool 210 which is provided on ~L86~4~
the apparatus, though not shown in F1gure 4, is moved forwaxd as seen in Figure 6, to perform the edge planing of the work.
As has been described in the foregoing, according to the present invention, highly accurate lens-like articles can be obtained by a simple - 8a -' '`
~86~
procedure wi-thout the necessity of transferring a workpiece from one work holder to the other on -the oommon center axis line, and articles of various diameters ranging from a very small diameter to a very large diameter can be worked, and in addition~ the apparatus therefor is simple in construction.
Moreover, the foregDing description has been given of the case of working -the surface of a wor~piece into a spherical configuration, but it is also possible to machine the work into a concave or aspherical lens-like configuration such as a flat disc-shaped one or the like.
It will be apparent that many m~difications and variations may be effected without departing from the scope of the novel concepts of this invention.
9 ~_
Claims
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method for the manufacture of a lens-like article, comprising the steps of:
machining one surface of a workpiece into a part spherical or the like configuration;
attaching a conductive machinable piece to the machined surface of the workpiece;
machining the other surface of the workpiece, including the machinable piece, into a part spherical or the like configuration;
after machining both surfaces of the workpiece, attaching leads to said conductive machinable piece and the other surface of the workpiece, measuring the accuracy of the machined workpiece using the leads; and disassembling the machined workpiece from the machinable piece.
machining one surface of a workpiece into a part spherical or the like configuration;
attaching a conductive machinable piece to the machined surface of the workpiece;
machining the other surface of the workpiece, including the machinable piece, into a part spherical or the like configuration;
after machining both surfaces of the workpiece, attaching leads to said conductive machinable piece and the other surface of the workpiece, measuring the accuracy of the machined workpiece using the leads; and disassembling the machined workpiece from the machinable piece.
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2759880A JPS56123114A (en) | 1980-03-04 | 1980-03-04 | Manufacture of quartz oscillating element |
| JP27598/1980 | 1980-03-04 | ||
| JP5925580A JPS56155580A (en) | 1980-05-01 | 1980-05-01 | Manufacture of piezoelectric element or the like |
| JP59255/1980 | 1980-05-01 | ||
| JP12088180A JPS5744313A (en) | 1980-08-28 | 1980-08-28 | Manufacture of piezoelectric element or the like |
| JP120881/1980 | 1980-08-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1186141A true CA1186141A (en) | 1985-04-30 |
Family
ID=27285864
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000369293A Expired CA1186141A (en) | 1980-03-04 | 1981-01-26 | Method for the manufacture of lens-like articles and the like |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0035317A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1186141A (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2148169B (en) * | 1983-10-24 | 1987-05-28 | Contact Lens Supplies | Method of manufacturing a contact lens and apparatus for use in the method |
| US5567198A (en) * | 1994-11-17 | 1996-10-22 | Coburn Optical Industries, Inc. | Compression sleeve ophthalmic lens chuck |
| JP3589497B2 (en) * | 1995-03-16 | 2004-11-17 | 株式会社メニコン | Manufacturing method of ophthalmic lens |
| US10138267B2 (en) | 2015-04-06 | 2018-11-27 | Hunan Skyworld Biotechnologies Co. Ltd. | Bioconjugates of heterocyclic compounds |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4409760A (en) * | 1979-08-02 | 1983-10-18 | Yoshiaki Nagaura | Method for the manufacture of lens-like articles and the like |
-
1981
- 1981-01-15 EP EP81300173A patent/EP0035317A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1981-01-26 CA CA000369293A patent/CA1186141A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0035317A1 (en) | 1981-09-09 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |