CA1184951A - Tabbed transparency - Google Patents
Tabbed transparencyInfo
- Publication number
- CA1184951A CA1184951A CA000388567A CA388567A CA1184951A CA 1184951 A CA1184951 A CA 1184951A CA 000388567 A CA000388567 A CA 000388567A CA 388567 A CA388567 A CA 388567A CA 1184951 A CA1184951 A CA 1184951A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- sheet
- adhesive
- paper
- weight
- parts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G7/00—Selection of materials for use in image-receiving members, i.e. for reversal by physical contact; Manufacture thereof
- G03G7/0053—Intermediate layers for image-receiving members
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G7/00—Selection of materials for use in image-receiving members, i.e. for reversal by physical contact; Manufacture thereof
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Overhead Projectors And Projection Screens (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure An imaging sheet manifold comprising a transparent polymeric sheet imageable in a copying machine and an opaque paper sheet adhered thereto. The adhesive bond adhering the sheets together has a peel strength less than the tear strength of the paper whereby, following imaging, the paper sheet can be peeled from the transparent sheet without leaving a visible paper residue.
Description
2 U ~, ~ 21 Cl~N/WRB
TABBED TRANSPARENCY
_ ____ ~___ _ _ Technical Field The present invention relates to transparent imaging sheets for use in mechanical copying machines.
~ore particularly, the -present invention relates to a composite sheet construction comprising a transparent sheet and an op~que member adhered thereto. Such composike, transparent sheets can be used in state-of-the art copying machines employing pho~o sensing means to monitor the progress of isnaging sheets through the feed mechanism~
Back~round Art Modern copying machines employ sophisticated mechanism~s to allow them to select imaging sheets from a ~tack o~ Esuch ~sheets and, by the use of rollers, whaels, b~ltts, and the like, cau~-se such sheets to rapidly and prucl~ly b~ movQd past variou~s points in the machine ~o C~ Se ~he ~sh~ets ~o be imayed, proc~ssed and subsequently d~os:lkud ln a receptacle accessible to the machine ~0 ~p~r~tos~. Such machinecs can produce a yreat number of copl~s ln a ~latlvely ~hort time span. To accomplish thi~l ta~k, the ~he~ts mu~t be fed rapldly and preci~ely througtl ~he m~chlne- Copy machines of this type can ~ypically provide up to 120 copies per minute.
~ n order ~hat the rapid handliny and proc~siny of th~ ~heet~ can be accomplished, sophisticated sensing mechanism~ have been built into ~uch machines to preven~
damage to of the machine if wrinkling, tearing or other deformation o~ the sheet occurs. For example, the~e sensing mechanisms will halt operation of the rnachine if jamming occurs so as to avoid any damage to ~he machine caused by such jamming. Many sensing mechanisms employ photo sensors which monitor the passage o~ the sheet ~r~
through the machine. In order for such sensing mechanisms to operate the sheets must be opaque in certain areas so as to interrup~ the light beams employed in ~he photo-sensing mechanisms. Accordingly, when transparent sheet materials are used in such copying machines they must be rendered opaque in selected areas in order to operate properly in the machines.
Some copying machines require that only a small portion o~ the transparent sheet be rendered opaque and the printing of a dark line along the top or side of such sheets is sufficient. Other machines require that a gr~ater area of the sheet be rendered opaque or that prime image areas of the sheet be opaque. Obviously, this situation precludes using a tran~parent sheet with an unobtrusive opaque line printed alon~ one edge. In order to u~e transparent sheets in such machines, a paper backing, substantially coextensive with the sheett is adh~red to the transparent sheet and removed therefrom ~oll~witlcJ passaye through the machine. Generally, the ~ pap~ ~h~t i~ adhered to the transparenk sheet by a ~hin lln~ oE adh~iv~ applied continuously or discontinuously pr~Xilnat~ d common edg~ of th~ mated sh0e~s. When the ~n~p~r~n~ ~hQ~t ha~ been imaged the operator tears the h~t ~ro~n ~he transparent sh~et and discards the h~t~
'l'h~ u~e of such paper backing sheets ha~ not ~rovlded ~ ~atisfackory imaying manifold. When the paper ~h~ orn from the transparent ~heet, visible paper ~lber~ r~main on the transparent sheet in the area of the adhesive bond. When a discontinuous adhesive bond is u~d, ~or ~xample, a "dashed" adhesive line, the amount of paper fibers remaining on the transparent sheet following removal of the paper sheet is somewhat reduced. However, a more serious problem can develop in that such composite sheets have a greater tendency to jam in the feed mechanism of the copy machines.
Disclosure of Invention _ _ .. . .
The present invention relates to transparent imaging sheet manifolds or "sets" for us~ in copying machines such as the xerographic machines often referred S to as "plain paper" copying machines. More particularly, the present invention relates to an imaying sheet manifold comprising, in combination, a transparent, polymeric sheet imageable in a copying machine; an opaquei paper sheet;
and an adhesive composition interposed between and adhering the paper sheet to the transparen~ sheet. The adhesive composition is selected to have a greater adhesive affinity for the surface of the paper sheet than for the other elements of the manifold, that is, the transparent sheet or the adhesive itself. In addition, the adhesive is formulated so that the peel strength of the adhesive bond is less than the adhesive bond strength whlch would tear the paper fibers when the sheets are ~parated. 'rhis careful balancing oE adhesive properties allows the papcr sheet to be peeled from the transparent ~3 ~h~3~t without l~aving a vislble paper resîdue on the ~r~n~sp~r~flt ~heet, preferably without leaving any ~ut)~-s~rlkl~l ~dhesiv~ ~e~idue on the t~ansp~rent sheet.
Th~ ~hee~ o the manlfold are preferably joined by ~ c~fltlnuous llne of adhesive such as a line of ~rj ~ldh~g iV~I pro3~iln~te ~ common edge.
numbe~ oE adhesives can be formulated to ~r~vlde the characteristics noted above. For example, the n~tur~l rubber adhesives have been Eound to work well and certain o~her synthetic, polymeric adhesives have also ba~n ound to have the necessary characteristics. For example, poly(vinylacetate) polymers have been found ko provide accep~able adhesives, particularly when modified by the addition o~ an ester to modify ~he adhesive characteristics of the poly(vinylacetate). In addition, an isooctylacrylate/acrylimide copolymer in combination with a release agent coated on the transparent sheet has proven to be a suitable combination.
~4~
The imaging sheet manifolds according to the the present invention also have sufficient dimensional and structural stability so that they do not cause excessive ~amming in a copying machine. When processed, the manifold sheets of the present invention can be readily separated without leaving a visible residue of paper fibers attached to the transparent sheet.
Detailed Description The image-receiving portion of the manifold of the present invention is a transparent, polymeric sheet.
Representative of such polymeric sheets are poly(e~hylene terephthalate) and polycarbonate sheets ranging in thickness from about 2 to 5 mils (50-2Q0 micrometers).
The image-receiving surface of the sheets may be treated with various surface treatments, known per se, to improve their imaging ability. In addition, antistatic agents and ~rlction reducing coatings may be employed as is well known in the art. Typical antistatic materials are clu~ern~ry ammonlurn salt3 while pulveri~ed urea formalde-hyde partlclPs aan be u~ed to provide a friction reducing c~lncJ.
A~ not~d herein, the tran~parent sheet must be r~nd~r~d opaclue by some means in order to be usefuL in a -~ cop~ln~ machine~ employing photo3ensiny mechanism~ to conkro;l th~ Eeed mechanism. rrhis i8 accompli~hed by ~dherln~J an opa~ue, paper sheet to the underside ~non lm~cJe-receiving side) of the transparent sheet. The mani~o1d is then opaque and the copy machine "sees" an opaque piece of paper passing through. Following imaging, the mani~old i8 separated by peeling the paper sheet from ~he transparent sheet.
The paper sheets useful in the manifold can be selected from a wide variety of paper materials. The paper should be opaque and should have sufficient dimen-sional stability, heat resistance and the like to resist wrinkling on passage through the copying machine. The - s -operating characteristics for the various copying machines may also dictate the paper to be employed For example, copying machines having relatively high ~using station temperatures can utilize higher weight papers whereas copying machines having low fusing station temperatures may perform better with lower weight papers. Generally, papers in the weight range of 18 to 46 pounds (8-21 kg) per ream (500 sheets of 24~' x 36" (70 x 91 cm) paper) are satisfactory.
It has been found that a machine glazed or calendered paper is preferable as there is less likelihood of paper tearing when the paper sheet is pe~led from the transparent sheet.
The adhesive employed in the present invention must be formulated to have carefully balanced adhesive properties. On the one hand the adhesive must adhere the pape~ ~irmly to the transparent sheet so that the mated ~sheet~ will not be separated during routine handling and t3ark~glncJ or during imaging in the copy machine. On She ~th~r hand, the adhesive must allow the paper sheet to be r~dlly ~orn rom the transparent sheet without leaving ~p~r Elb~r~ ~dh~red thereto.
It ha~ b~en ~ound by the preserlt inventor that th~ ~lh~f~lv~ must have a bond strength tv the transparent h~t In~t~rial or a cohesive strength which will not ~ 0tl th~ te~r ~trength of the paper employed- Thus, as l~n~ a~ th~ adhesive bond can be broken cohesi~ely or at th~ adhosive-adherend interface with a force that does not exc~ed thl~ value, paper fibers will not be torn frorn the sur~ace of he paper and be left on the transparent sheet.
For example, an adhesive bond having a peel strength of less than about 1400 grams per inch width ~550 g per cm) when measured in 180 degree peel at 100 inches/minute (40 cm/min) using 30 pound ~13.6 kg) glazed paper and 3 mil (76 micrometer) thick polyester, is satisfac~ory. If the adhesive bonds more strongly than this, fibers will be torn from the paper when the sheets are separated. It is 4~
preferred that the adhesive bond be preferentially broken at the inter~ace between the adhesive and the transparent sheet so that substantially no adhesive resldue is left on ~he transparent sheet. This can be readily accomplished with certain adhesive materials as well b~ seen hereinafter.
Adhesives having the necessary bonding properties can be formulated by skilled workers in the adhesives art once the desired criteria have been established. Such formulation work involves selecting an adhesive material which will have the necessary physical properties and affinity for the surfaces to be joined followed by modification of the polymer, if necessary, to "fine tune" th~ balance of adhesive properties.
A variety of polymers can be used as the base polymer wi~h which to formulate the adhesives. Rubber and poly(vinyl acetate) are two such materials which are particularly useful Eor preparing water-based adhesives.
~a~ural latex rubber is a par~icularly useful base m~t~rial ~or water-based adhesive~ since it is resilient, ~ou~h ~nd has ~ood ayeing properties. The tack can be t~a~lly ad~u~t~d by proper compounding and the ageing p~p~rkl~ can b~ improved by the addition o~ antioxidant h~r known addltivas A useEul Eormulation comprises l p~r~ by welght oE 60% solids natural rubber latex, ~0 p~r~ terperle tackiying resin, 0.2 parts antloxidant, ~7 pclr~ ~hermopl~stic resin/ester rnaterial, 2.8 parts pl~lcl~r, 2.3 parts 26 Degree Baume ammonia and 5 par~s water.
A difEerent class of adhesive which has al~o been found to perform satisfactorily is a modified poly~vinyl acetate) adhesive. The main ingredients of such an adhesive are about 46-51 parts by weiyht poly~vinyl acetate), 2-4 parts diethylene ylycol dibenzoate, 2-3.5 parts dipropylene glycol dibenzoate and 44 parts by weight water These adhesives are particularly desirable since they also tend to be substantially removed from the transparent polyester sheet when the paper sheet is peeled from the polyester sheet~
A number of other adhe~ives can be used in combination with release agents or other surface modifyinF~J
coatings~ For example, an isooctylacrlate/acrylimide copolyrner in organic solvent can be used in combination with a low adhesion surface treatment such as a urethane ha~ed on poly(octadecyl i~ocyanate). Ethylene/vinylacetate copolymer hot-melt adhesives can also be forrnulated to provide the necessary adhesive properties.
In addition to the above adhesives, a unique class of adhesive materials based on the use of inherently-tacXy, elastomeric, copolymer microspheres can be employed in the present invention. These tacky microsphere~ provide a pressure-sensitive adhesive which ha~ a low degree of adhesion permitting ready ~eparation of adhered object~. Microspheres of this type are di~clo~ed in ~.S. Patent~ 3,691,140 and 4,166,152. These ~.lcky rnlcro~pheres may be adhered or anchored to the paper f~h~et oE th7 m~nlfold by primers, adhesive3 or binders, see ~r ~x~mple U.S~ 3,857,731, to provide a low-tack paper ~h~3t. whl~h can be u~ed to prepare an imaging sheet r~ r~ lrl ~Iccordl.ng to the pre3ent invention. Manifolds tF3r.~p~ad uF-Jin~J the~e mlcro~phere coated paper ~heets can be n3ge~ ~ncl ~e paper ~heet sub~equently separated without t~n!~V ln~J Vl~it)lC? paper fibers or adhesive re~idue on the ~rln~pa rerlk ~hee t.
The mclximum bond strength which can be built Into tha ~clhe~ive can be determined by testiny the paper to be u~ed in the maniEold with adhesives having varying borltl ~trengths. A 180 degree peel te3t with variou~
adhesives will provide the value at which paper fibers are removed. With 30 pound (13.6 kg~ machine glazed bond paper this value has been found to be about 1400 grarn~
per inch width (550 g/cm) at 100 inches/minute (40 cm/min) at room temperature. Various adhe~ives can then be formulated to fail in cohesion or in adhPsion to the selected transparent substrate (e.g~ plain or release-coated polyester) at pee]. valu~s below the tear strength value previously determined.
The imaging sheet manifolds of the presen~
invention can be prepared on conventional forms-making equipment by extruding a continuous bead of the adhesive along one edge of the paper sheet or the transparent sheet and then mating the sheets and allowing the adhesive to dry. Water-based adhesives are preferred from a cost and pollution standpoint. Moreover, because there is considerable static electricity generated on certain formsmaking equipment an organic solvent-based system coula pose a potential fire hazard.
The imaging sheet manifolds o~ the present lnvention can be satisfactorily used in copying machines employing photosen3ing apparatus. The manifolds are opa~u~ and can be processed by the copy machine ntlalLy ~imilar to a paper sheet and do not cause ~xc~ive ~ammlng. When proce~sed, the manifold can be ~parat~d by p~cllng the pap~r sheet Erom the transparent ~hr3~t wi~holJt leav1ng ~ny paper residue on the transparent ~h~ot whlch l~ vi~ible to the naked eye.
Th~ ~re~ent invention can be urther illustrated by ro~orenc~ to the ~ollowiny example~.
~n adhe~sive for bonding an imaging shee~ mani-~old w~s prepared by blending a 56% solids aqueous emulsion o poly(vinylacetate), available from the H. B.
Fuller Co~ as adhesive S6920, with a 56% solids aqueous emulsion wherein the solids comprise 76~ poly(vinyl-acetate) and 20% of a S5:45 weight ratio blend of diethyleneglycol dibenzoate and dipropyleneglycol dibenzoate, available from the H. B. Fuller Co. as adhesive PA 3473. Various blends ran~ing from 10% by weight adhesive PA 3473 and 90% adhesive S6920 to 90% by weight adhesive PA 3473 and 10% adhesive S6920 were prepared.
The peel strengths of these adhesive blends as well as each adhesive separately were tested by ~onding sheets of 30 pound (13,6 kg) machine-glazed bond paper (Thilmany Paper Company) to 3 mil (76 micrometer) polyester. One inch (2.5 cm) strips were pulled in 180 peel at 100 inches~minute (40 cm/min) ~room temperature) and the average peel force in grams measured. The results ar~ shown in Table 1.
Mani~old sheets were prepared by bonding a 35 pound machine-glazed bond paper to 3-mil (76 micrometer~
polyester with an adhesive comprising 60 parts by weight adhesive PA 3473 and 40 parts adhesive S6920. A con-tinuous, 1/8 inch (0.3 cm) bead of adhesive was placed alony one long edge of an 8 1/2 inch by 11 inch (22 x 28 cm) shee'c of the paper and mated in register with the polyester sheet to form a manifold. When dried, these ~h~cts could be imaged in a copy machine and peeled apart wlthout L~aving any visible paper residue or adhesive ~ldue on the polyester sheet. These mani~old~ were con~inuou~ly ~ed to a Sharp 810 copier and no machine jams ~3~U~cl during the ~eeding of 1200 consecutive manifolds ~t which tlma th~ was discontinued. A competitive m~nl~ld h~vlng a di~contlnuous adheslve line was ~milarly ~d khrough the sam~ copier and during the ~kincJ o~ 60 eopi~, 3 machine jams occurred.
Example 2 3V ~ natural latex rubber adhe~ive for bonding an imaging sheet mani~old was prepared which comprised 167 parts oE 60% solids natural rubber latex, 8 parts terpene resin ~Piccolyt* S115), 2.8 parts plasticizer (Plastinox*
2246), 0 65 parts thermoplastic resin/ester material (Polypale Wood Rosin), 0.16 pa~ts antioxidant (Santovar Aantioxidant), 2.3 parts 26 Degree Baume Ammonia and 58 parts water.
Tr~c~cle~ k As prepared, the above adhesive had a viscosity of less than 100 cps~ The viscosity was increased for flow control on the formsmaking e~uipment to about 5000 cps by the addition of hydroxy ethyl cellulose (Union Carbide, QP 52000-H) or sodium polyacrylate (Diamond ,~ Shamrock, Modicol VD)~
The peel strength of this adhesiY~ was tested as in Example 1 and the results are shown in Table lo Manifold sheets were prepared by bon~ding a 35 pound (15~9 kg) machine-glazed paper ~Thilmany) to 3-mil (76 micrometer) polyester as in Example 1. The manifold sheets could be imaged in a copying machine and the paper sheet peeled from tha polyester without leaving a paper residue on the polyester sheet.
Exam~le 3 A manifold according to the present inven~ion wa~ pr~pared by treating a polyes~er sheet on the surface alon~J ono edgo with a polyoctadecylisocyanate-based ~0 ur~thane. 'rhi3 ~urface treatment provided a low adhesion ~u~a~ treatment. ~n isooctylacrylate/acrylimide aopoly~ ln organla ~olvent was applied to a sheet of bond p~per. ~ollowin~ drying at ambient temperature -the ~h~ak~ w~ m~tad in regis~er to form an imaging shee~
~n~nl.o~d.
Th~ ~bove sheets could be imaged in a copying ~n~chln~ ~nd the paper sheet subsequently peeled from the ~olye~ter aheet without leaving any visible paper residue.
TABBED TRANSPARENCY
_ ____ ~___ _ _ Technical Field The present invention relates to transparent imaging sheets for use in mechanical copying machines.
~ore particularly, the -present invention relates to a composite sheet construction comprising a transparent sheet and an op~que member adhered thereto. Such composike, transparent sheets can be used in state-of-the art copying machines employing pho~o sensing means to monitor the progress of isnaging sheets through the feed mechanism~
Back~round Art Modern copying machines employ sophisticated mechanism~s to allow them to select imaging sheets from a ~tack o~ Esuch ~sheets and, by the use of rollers, whaels, b~ltts, and the like, cau~-se such sheets to rapidly and prucl~ly b~ movQd past variou~s points in the machine ~o C~ Se ~he ~sh~ets ~o be imayed, proc~ssed and subsequently d~os:lkud ln a receptacle accessible to the machine ~0 ~p~r~tos~. Such machinecs can produce a yreat number of copl~s ln a ~latlvely ~hort time span. To accomplish thi~l ta~k, the ~he~ts mu~t be fed rapldly and preci~ely througtl ~he m~chlne- Copy machines of this type can ~ypically provide up to 120 copies per minute.
~ n order ~hat the rapid handliny and proc~siny of th~ ~heet~ can be accomplished, sophisticated sensing mechanism~ have been built into ~uch machines to preven~
damage to of the machine if wrinkling, tearing or other deformation o~ the sheet occurs. For example, the~e sensing mechanisms will halt operation of the rnachine if jamming occurs so as to avoid any damage to ~he machine caused by such jamming. Many sensing mechanisms employ photo sensors which monitor the passage o~ the sheet ~r~
through the machine. In order for such sensing mechanisms to operate the sheets must be opaque in certain areas so as to interrup~ the light beams employed in ~he photo-sensing mechanisms. Accordingly, when transparent sheet materials are used in such copying machines they must be rendered opaque in selected areas in order to operate properly in the machines.
Some copying machines require that only a small portion o~ the transparent sheet be rendered opaque and the printing of a dark line along the top or side of such sheets is sufficient. Other machines require that a gr~ater area of the sheet be rendered opaque or that prime image areas of the sheet be opaque. Obviously, this situation precludes using a tran~parent sheet with an unobtrusive opaque line printed alon~ one edge. In order to u~e transparent sheets in such machines, a paper backing, substantially coextensive with the sheett is adh~red to the transparent sheet and removed therefrom ~oll~witlcJ passaye through the machine. Generally, the ~ pap~ ~h~t i~ adhered to the transparenk sheet by a ~hin lln~ oE adh~iv~ applied continuously or discontinuously pr~Xilnat~ d common edg~ of th~ mated sh0e~s. When the ~n~p~r~n~ ~hQ~t ha~ been imaged the operator tears the h~t ~ro~n ~he transparent sh~et and discards the h~t~
'l'h~ u~e of such paper backing sheets ha~ not ~rovlded ~ ~atisfackory imaying manifold. When the paper ~h~ orn from the transparent ~heet, visible paper ~lber~ r~main on the transparent sheet in the area of the adhesive bond. When a discontinuous adhesive bond is u~d, ~or ~xample, a "dashed" adhesive line, the amount of paper fibers remaining on the transparent sheet following removal of the paper sheet is somewhat reduced. However, a more serious problem can develop in that such composite sheets have a greater tendency to jam in the feed mechanism of the copy machines.
Disclosure of Invention _ _ .. . .
The present invention relates to transparent imaging sheet manifolds or "sets" for us~ in copying machines such as the xerographic machines often referred S to as "plain paper" copying machines. More particularly, the present invention relates to an imaying sheet manifold comprising, in combination, a transparent, polymeric sheet imageable in a copying machine; an opaquei paper sheet;
and an adhesive composition interposed between and adhering the paper sheet to the transparen~ sheet. The adhesive composition is selected to have a greater adhesive affinity for the surface of the paper sheet than for the other elements of the manifold, that is, the transparent sheet or the adhesive itself. In addition, the adhesive is formulated so that the peel strength of the adhesive bond is less than the adhesive bond strength whlch would tear the paper fibers when the sheets are ~parated. 'rhis careful balancing oE adhesive properties allows the papcr sheet to be peeled from the transparent ~3 ~h~3~t without l~aving a vislble paper resîdue on the ~r~n~sp~r~flt ~heet, preferably without leaving any ~ut)~-s~rlkl~l ~dhesiv~ ~e~idue on the t~ansp~rent sheet.
Th~ ~hee~ o the manlfold are preferably joined by ~ c~fltlnuous llne of adhesive such as a line of ~rj ~ldh~g iV~I pro3~iln~te ~ common edge.
numbe~ oE adhesives can be formulated to ~r~vlde the characteristics noted above. For example, the n~tur~l rubber adhesives have been Eound to work well and certain o~her synthetic, polymeric adhesives have also ba~n ound to have the necessary characteristics. For example, poly(vinylacetate) polymers have been found ko provide accep~able adhesives, particularly when modified by the addition o~ an ester to modify ~he adhesive characteristics of the poly(vinylacetate). In addition, an isooctylacrylate/acrylimide copolymer in combination with a release agent coated on the transparent sheet has proven to be a suitable combination.
~4~
The imaging sheet manifolds according to the the present invention also have sufficient dimensional and structural stability so that they do not cause excessive ~amming in a copying machine. When processed, the manifold sheets of the present invention can be readily separated without leaving a visible residue of paper fibers attached to the transparent sheet.
Detailed Description The image-receiving portion of the manifold of the present invention is a transparent, polymeric sheet.
Representative of such polymeric sheets are poly(e~hylene terephthalate) and polycarbonate sheets ranging in thickness from about 2 to 5 mils (50-2Q0 micrometers).
The image-receiving surface of the sheets may be treated with various surface treatments, known per se, to improve their imaging ability. In addition, antistatic agents and ~rlction reducing coatings may be employed as is well known in the art. Typical antistatic materials are clu~ern~ry ammonlurn salt3 while pulveri~ed urea formalde-hyde partlclPs aan be u~ed to provide a friction reducing c~lncJ.
A~ not~d herein, the tran~parent sheet must be r~nd~r~d opaclue by some means in order to be usefuL in a -~ cop~ln~ machine~ employing photo3ensiny mechanism~ to conkro;l th~ Eeed mechanism. rrhis i8 accompli~hed by ~dherln~J an opa~ue, paper sheet to the underside ~non lm~cJe-receiving side) of the transparent sheet. The mani~o1d is then opaque and the copy machine "sees" an opaque piece of paper passing through. Following imaging, the mani~old i8 separated by peeling the paper sheet from ~he transparent sheet.
The paper sheets useful in the manifold can be selected from a wide variety of paper materials. The paper should be opaque and should have sufficient dimen-sional stability, heat resistance and the like to resist wrinkling on passage through the copying machine. The - s -operating characteristics for the various copying machines may also dictate the paper to be employed For example, copying machines having relatively high ~using station temperatures can utilize higher weight papers whereas copying machines having low fusing station temperatures may perform better with lower weight papers. Generally, papers in the weight range of 18 to 46 pounds (8-21 kg) per ream (500 sheets of 24~' x 36" (70 x 91 cm) paper) are satisfactory.
It has been found that a machine glazed or calendered paper is preferable as there is less likelihood of paper tearing when the paper sheet is pe~led from the transparent sheet.
The adhesive employed in the present invention must be formulated to have carefully balanced adhesive properties. On the one hand the adhesive must adhere the pape~ ~irmly to the transparent sheet so that the mated ~sheet~ will not be separated during routine handling and t3ark~glncJ or during imaging in the copy machine. On She ~th~r hand, the adhesive must allow the paper sheet to be r~dlly ~orn rom the transparent sheet without leaving ~p~r Elb~r~ ~dh~red thereto.
It ha~ b~en ~ound by the preserlt inventor that th~ ~lh~f~lv~ must have a bond strength tv the transparent h~t In~t~rial or a cohesive strength which will not ~ 0tl th~ te~r ~trength of the paper employed- Thus, as l~n~ a~ th~ adhesive bond can be broken cohesi~ely or at th~ adhosive-adherend interface with a force that does not exc~ed thl~ value, paper fibers will not be torn frorn the sur~ace of he paper and be left on the transparent sheet.
For example, an adhesive bond having a peel strength of less than about 1400 grams per inch width ~550 g per cm) when measured in 180 degree peel at 100 inches/minute (40 cm/min) using 30 pound ~13.6 kg) glazed paper and 3 mil (76 micrometer) thick polyester, is satisfac~ory. If the adhesive bonds more strongly than this, fibers will be torn from the paper when the sheets are separated. It is 4~
preferred that the adhesive bond be preferentially broken at the inter~ace between the adhesive and the transparent sheet so that substantially no adhesive resldue is left on ~he transparent sheet. This can be readily accomplished with certain adhesive materials as well b~ seen hereinafter.
Adhesives having the necessary bonding properties can be formulated by skilled workers in the adhesives art once the desired criteria have been established. Such formulation work involves selecting an adhesive material which will have the necessary physical properties and affinity for the surfaces to be joined followed by modification of the polymer, if necessary, to "fine tune" th~ balance of adhesive properties.
A variety of polymers can be used as the base polymer wi~h which to formulate the adhesives. Rubber and poly(vinyl acetate) are two such materials which are particularly useful Eor preparing water-based adhesives.
~a~ural latex rubber is a par~icularly useful base m~t~rial ~or water-based adhesive~ since it is resilient, ~ou~h ~nd has ~ood ayeing properties. The tack can be t~a~lly ad~u~t~d by proper compounding and the ageing p~p~rkl~ can b~ improved by the addition o~ antioxidant h~r known addltivas A useEul Eormulation comprises l p~r~ by welght oE 60% solids natural rubber latex, ~0 p~r~ terperle tackiying resin, 0.2 parts antloxidant, ~7 pclr~ ~hermopl~stic resin/ester rnaterial, 2.8 parts pl~lcl~r, 2.3 parts 26 Degree Baume ammonia and 5 par~s water.
A difEerent class of adhesive which has al~o been found to perform satisfactorily is a modified poly~vinyl acetate) adhesive. The main ingredients of such an adhesive are about 46-51 parts by weiyht poly~vinyl acetate), 2-4 parts diethylene ylycol dibenzoate, 2-3.5 parts dipropylene glycol dibenzoate and 44 parts by weight water These adhesives are particularly desirable since they also tend to be substantially removed from the transparent polyester sheet when the paper sheet is peeled from the polyester sheet~
A number of other adhe~ives can be used in combination with release agents or other surface modifyinF~J
coatings~ For example, an isooctylacrlate/acrylimide copolyrner in organic solvent can be used in combination with a low adhesion surface treatment such as a urethane ha~ed on poly(octadecyl i~ocyanate). Ethylene/vinylacetate copolymer hot-melt adhesives can also be forrnulated to provide the necessary adhesive properties.
In addition to the above adhesives, a unique class of adhesive materials based on the use of inherently-tacXy, elastomeric, copolymer microspheres can be employed in the present invention. These tacky microsphere~ provide a pressure-sensitive adhesive which ha~ a low degree of adhesion permitting ready ~eparation of adhered object~. Microspheres of this type are di~clo~ed in ~.S. Patent~ 3,691,140 and 4,166,152. These ~.lcky rnlcro~pheres may be adhered or anchored to the paper f~h~et oE th7 m~nlfold by primers, adhesive3 or binders, see ~r ~x~mple U.S~ 3,857,731, to provide a low-tack paper ~h~3t. whl~h can be u~ed to prepare an imaging sheet r~ r~ lrl ~Iccordl.ng to the pre3ent invention. Manifolds tF3r.~p~ad uF-Jin~J the~e mlcro~phere coated paper ~heets can be n3ge~ ~ncl ~e paper ~heet sub~equently separated without t~n!~V ln~J Vl~it)lC? paper fibers or adhesive re~idue on the ~rln~pa rerlk ~hee t.
The mclximum bond strength which can be built Into tha ~clhe~ive can be determined by testiny the paper to be u~ed in the maniEold with adhesives having varying borltl ~trengths. A 180 degree peel te3t with variou~
adhesives will provide the value at which paper fibers are removed. With 30 pound (13.6 kg~ machine glazed bond paper this value has been found to be about 1400 grarn~
per inch width (550 g/cm) at 100 inches/minute (40 cm/min) at room temperature. Various adhe~ives can then be formulated to fail in cohesion or in adhPsion to the selected transparent substrate (e.g~ plain or release-coated polyester) at pee]. valu~s below the tear strength value previously determined.
The imaging sheet manifolds of the presen~
invention can be prepared on conventional forms-making equipment by extruding a continuous bead of the adhesive along one edge of the paper sheet or the transparent sheet and then mating the sheets and allowing the adhesive to dry. Water-based adhesives are preferred from a cost and pollution standpoint. Moreover, because there is considerable static electricity generated on certain formsmaking equipment an organic solvent-based system coula pose a potential fire hazard.
The imaging sheet manifolds o~ the present lnvention can be satisfactorily used in copying machines employing photosen3ing apparatus. The manifolds are opa~u~ and can be processed by the copy machine ntlalLy ~imilar to a paper sheet and do not cause ~xc~ive ~ammlng. When proce~sed, the manifold can be ~parat~d by p~cllng the pap~r sheet Erom the transparent ~hr3~t wi~holJt leav1ng ~ny paper residue on the transparent ~h~ot whlch l~ vi~ible to the naked eye.
Th~ ~re~ent invention can be urther illustrated by ro~orenc~ to the ~ollowiny example~.
~n adhe~sive for bonding an imaging shee~ mani-~old w~s prepared by blending a 56% solids aqueous emulsion o poly(vinylacetate), available from the H. B.
Fuller Co~ as adhesive S6920, with a 56% solids aqueous emulsion wherein the solids comprise 76~ poly(vinyl-acetate) and 20% of a S5:45 weight ratio blend of diethyleneglycol dibenzoate and dipropyleneglycol dibenzoate, available from the H. B. Fuller Co. as adhesive PA 3473. Various blends ran~ing from 10% by weight adhesive PA 3473 and 90% adhesive S6920 to 90% by weight adhesive PA 3473 and 10% adhesive S6920 were prepared.
The peel strengths of these adhesive blends as well as each adhesive separately were tested by ~onding sheets of 30 pound (13,6 kg) machine-glazed bond paper (Thilmany Paper Company) to 3 mil (76 micrometer) polyester. One inch (2.5 cm) strips were pulled in 180 peel at 100 inches~minute (40 cm/min) ~room temperature) and the average peel force in grams measured. The results ar~ shown in Table 1.
Mani~old sheets were prepared by bonding a 35 pound machine-glazed bond paper to 3-mil (76 micrometer~
polyester with an adhesive comprising 60 parts by weight adhesive PA 3473 and 40 parts adhesive S6920. A con-tinuous, 1/8 inch (0.3 cm) bead of adhesive was placed alony one long edge of an 8 1/2 inch by 11 inch (22 x 28 cm) shee'c of the paper and mated in register with the polyester sheet to form a manifold. When dried, these ~h~cts could be imaged in a copy machine and peeled apart wlthout L~aving any visible paper residue or adhesive ~ldue on the polyester sheet. These mani~old~ were con~inuou~ly ~ed to a Sharp 810 copier and no machine jams ~3~U~cl during the ~eeding of 1200 consecutive manifolds ~t which tlma th~ was discontinued. A competitive m~nl~ld h~vlng a di~contlnuous adheslve line was ~milarly ~d khrough the sam~ copier and during the ~kincJ o~ 60 eopi~, 3 machine jams occurred.
Example 2 3V ~ natural latex rubber adhe~ive for bonding an imaging sheet mani~old was prepared which comprised 167 parts oE 60% solids natural rubber latex, 8 parts terpene resin ~Piccolyt* S115), 2.8 parts plasticizer (Plastinox*
2246), 0 65 parts thermoplastic resin/ester material (Polypale Wood Rosin), 0.16 pa~ts antioxidant (Santovar Aantioxidant), 2.3 parts 26 Degree Baume Ammonia and 58 parts water.
Tr~c~cle~ k As prepared, the above adhesive had a viscosity of less than 100 cps~ The viscosity was increased for flow control on the formsmaking e~uipment to about 5000 cps by the addition of hydroxy ethyl cellulose (Union Carbide, QP 52000-H) or sodium polyacrylate (Diamond ,~ Shamrock, Modicol VD)~
The peel strength of this adhesiY~ was tested as in Example 1 and the results are shown in Table lo Manifold sheets were prepared by bon~ding a 35 pound (15~9 kg) machine-glazed paper ~Thilmany) to 3-mil (76 micrometer) polyester as in Example 1. The manifold sheets could be imaged in a copying machine and the paper sheet peeled from tha polyester without leaving a paper residue on the polyester sheet.
Exam~le 3 A manifold according to the present inven~ion wa~ pr~pared by treating a polyes~er sheet on the surface alon~J ono edgo with a polyoctadecylisocyanate-based ~0 ur~thane. 'rhi3 ~urface treatment provided a low adhesion ~u~a~ treatment. ~n isooctylacrylate/acrylimide aopoly~ ln organla ~olvent was applied to a sheet of bond p~per. ~ollowin~ drying at ambient temperature -the ~h~ak~ w~ m~tad in regis~er to form an imaging shee~
~n~nl.o~d.
Th~ ~bove sheets could be imaged in a copying ~n~chln~ ~nd the paper sheet subsequently peeled from the ~olye~ter aheet without leaving any visible paper residue.
3~
* 1;~alelv1~r~k 5~
Table 1 Peel Force, Adhesive Grams_ Comments _ _ Natural Rubber1230 No Paper Residue PA 3473 ~ Paper Tore Could Not Remove S 6920 < 10 No Paper Residue 10/90 * < 10 No Paper Residue 10 20/80 * < 10 No Paper Residue 30/70 * < 10 No Paper Residu~
40/60 * < 10 No Paper Residue 50/50 * 320 No Paper Re~idue 60/40 * 1320 No Paper Residue 15 70/30 * -~ Paper Tore-Could Not Remove ~0/20 * -- Paper Tore-Could Not Remove 90/10 * -- Paper Tore~Could Not Remove ~ W~l~Jhk ~tios PA3473/S6920
* 1;~alelv1~r~k 5~
Table 1 Peel Force, Adhesive Grams_ Comments _ _ Natural Rubber1230 No Paper Residue PA 3473 ~ Paper Tore Could Not Remove S 6920 < 10 No Paper Residue 10/90 * < 10 No Paper Residue 10 20/80 * < 10 No Paper Residue 30/70 * < 10 No Paper Residu~
40/60 * < 10 No Paper Residue 50/50 * 320 No Paper Re~idue 60/40 * 1320 No Paper Residue 15 70/30 * -~ Paper Tore-Could Not Remove ~0/20 * -- Paper Tore-Could Not Remove 90/10 * -- Paper Tore~Could Not Remove ~ W~l~Jhk ~tios PA3473/S6920
Claims (10)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. An imaging sheet manifold comprising, in combination:
(a) a transparent, polymeric sheet imageable in a copying machine;
(b) an opaque, paper sheet underlying and in register with said transparent sheet;
(c) an adhesive composition interposed between and bonding said paper sheet to said transparent sheet, the peel strength of said adhesive bond being less than the tear strength of said paper and said adhesive having a greater adhesive affinity for the surface of the paper sheet than for the other elements of the manifold.
(a) a transparent, polymeric sheet imageable in a copying machine;
(b) an opaque, paper sheet underlying and in register with said transparent sheet;
(c) an adhesive composition interposed between and bonding said paper sheet to said transparent sheet, the peel strength of said adhesive bond being less than the tear strength of said paper and said adhesive having a greater adhesive affinity for the surface of the paper sheet than for the other elements of the manifold.
2. An imaging sheet manifold according to claim 1 wherein said adhesive forms a continuous bond line having a length substantially equal to the length or width of said paper sheet.
3. An imaging sheet manifold according to claim 1 wherein said adhesive comprises an organic polymeric adhesive.
4. An imaging sheet manifold according to claim 3 wherein said organic, polymeric adhesive is selected from the group consisting of poly(vinyl acetate), natural rubber, isooctyl acrylate/acrylimide copolymer and ethylene/vinyl-acetate copolymer.
5. An imaging sheet manifold according to claim 3 wherein said adhesive comprises about 46 to 51 parts by weight poly(vinylacetate), 2 to 4 parts by weight diethyleneglycol dibenzoate, 2 to 3.5 parts by weight dipropylene glycol dibenzoate and sufficient water to form an emulsion.
6. An imaging sheet manifold according to Claim 3 wherein said adhesive comprises about 167parts by weight of 60% by weight solids natural rubber latex, 8 parts by weight terpene tackifying resin, 2.8 parts by weight plasticizer, 2.3 parts by weight ammonia and sufficient water to form an emulsion.
7. An imaging sheet manifold comprising, in combination, a) a transparent, polyester sheet imageable in a copying machine;
b) an opaque sheet of bond paper under-lying and in register with said transparent sheet;
c) an organic, polymeric adhesive composi-tion interposed between and bonding said paper sheet to said transparent sheet along a thin, continuous bond line proximate a common edge of said sheets, the peel strength of the adhesive bond being less than the tear strength of the paper whereby the paper sheet can be peeled from the polyester sheet without leaving a visible paper residue thereon.
b) an opaque sheet of bond paper under-lying and in register with said transparent sheet;
c) an organic, polymeric adhesive composi-tion interposed between and bonding said paper sheet to said transparent sheet along a thin, continuous bond line proximate a common edge of said sheets, the peel strength of the adhesive bond being less than the tear strength of the paper whereby the paper sheet can be peeled from the polyester sheet without leaving a visible paper residue thereon.
8. An imaging sheet manifold according to Claim 7 wherein the peel strength of the adhesive bond is less than about 550 grams per lineal centimeter.
9. An imaging sheet manifold according to Claim 7 wherein said adhesive comprises about 167 parts by weight of 60% by weight solids natural rubber latex 8 parts by weight terpene tackifying resin, 2.8 parts by weight plasticizer, 2.3 parts by weight ammonia and sufficient water to form an emulsion.
10. An imaging sheet manifold according to Claim 7 wherein said adhesive comprises about 46 to 51 parts by weight poly(vinylacetate), 2 to 4 parts by weight diethylene glycol dibenzoate, 2 to 3.5 parts by weight dipropylene glycol dibenzoate and sufficient water to form an emulsion.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US20952180A | 1980-11-24 | 1980-11-24 | |
| US209,521 | 1988-06-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1184951A true CA1184951A (en) | 1985-04-02 |
Family
ID=22779075
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000388567A Expired CA1184951A (en) | 1980-11-24 | 1981-10-23 | Tabbed transparency |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0052938B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS57122448A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1184951A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3173519D1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0695973A1 (en) | 1994-07-08 | 1996-02-07 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Removable nonporous opaque thin film layer |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4542052A (en) * | 1982-05-18 | 1985-09-17 | Esselte Pendaflex Corporation | Transfer imaging systems |
| US5208093A (en) * | 1991-03-29 | 1993-05-04 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Film construction for use in a plain paper copier |
| US5298309A (en) * | 1991-11-05 | 1994-03-29 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Film construction for use in a plain paper copier |
| US5283092A (en) * | 1991-12-31 | 1994-02-01 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Imaging manifold |
| US5200254A (en) * | 1992-03-11 | 1993-04-06 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Receptor sheet manifolds for thermal mass transfer imaging |
| US5723202A (en) * | 1992-05-01 | 1998-03-03 | Hewlett-Packard Co. | Transparent printer media with reflective strips for media sensing |
| US6766953B1 (en) | 1992-05-01 | 2004-07-27 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Tape indicia on clear film media |
| EP0601969A1 (en) * | 1992-12-02 | 1994-06-15 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | A method of manufacturing a thermoplastic honeycomb core, an adhesive used therefor and the core made thereby |
| JPH06340166A (en) * | 1993-04-06 | 1994-12-13 | Canon Inc | Ink jet recording medium, its production, and ink jet recorder making recording thereon |
| US5807624A (en) * | 1996-04-16 | 1998-09-15 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Electrostatically charged imaging manifold |
| US6644764B2 (en) | 1998-10-28 | 2003-11-11 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Integrated printing/scanning system using invisible ink for document tracking |
| US6386671B1 (en) | 1999-12-29 | 2002-05-14 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Orientation independent indicia for print media |
| WO2003046099A1 (en) * | 2001-11-30 | 2003-06-05 | Auckland Uniservices Limited | Water-based adhesive compositions |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1049783A (en) * | 1962-07-18 | 1966-11-30 | Bx Plastics Ltd | Improvements in or relating to electro-photographic printing processes |
| FR1363699A (en) * | 1962-07-18 | 1964-06-12 | Bx Plastics Ltd | Improvements in electro-photographic printing processes |
| GB1145833A (en) * | 1965-06-01 | 1969-03-19 | Rank Xerox Ltd | Improvements in paper sheets |
| DE1511282A1 (en) * | 1966-06-14 | 1969-07-10 | Herbert Hentschel | Sheet of paper |
| US3618752A (en) * | 1969-05-22 | 1971-11-09 | Xerox Corp | Stack of image-receiving members |
| US3857731A (en) * | 1973-04-06 | 1974-12-31 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Acrylate microsphere-surfaced sheet material |
| GB1536582A (en) * | 1975-01-31 | 1978-12-20 | Shade Inc | Method of reusing substrate for image presentation |
| JPS5588069A (en) * | 1978-12-27 | 1980-07-03 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Tacky transfer paper for liquid development |
-
1981
- 1981-10-20 DE DE8181304909T patent/DE3173519D1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-10-20 EP EP81304909A patent/EP0052938B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-10-23 CA CA000388567A patent/CA1184951A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-11-20 JP JP18675981A patent/JPS57122448A/en active Granted
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0695973A1 (en) | 1994-07-08 | 1996-02-07 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Removable nonporous opaque thin film layer |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS57122448A (en) | 1982-07-30 |
| DE3173519D1 (en) | 1986-02-27 |
| EP0052938B1 (en) | 1986-01-15 |
| EP0052938A1 (en) | 1982-06-02 |
| JPH041341B2 (en) | 1992-01-10 |
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