CA1175202A - Liquid containers - Google Patents
Liquid containersInfo
- Publication number
- CA1175202A CA1175202A CA000402677A CA402677A CA1175202A CA 1175202 A CA1175202 A CA 1175202A CA 000402677 A CA000402677 A CA 000402677A CA 402677 A CA402677 A CA 402677A CA 1175202 A CA1175202 A CA 1175202A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- coping
- adjacent
- wall
- members
- substantially continuous
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H4/00—Swimming or splash baths or pools
- E04H4/14—Parts, details or accessories not otherwise provided for
- E04H4/141—Coping elements for swimming pools
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A coping member for a liquid retaining structure such as a swimming pool comprises a body adapted to be tensioned adjacent its inner and outer faces. The body is further adapted for mounting adjacent the upper edge of a wall of the liquid retaining structure. The body has apertures extending through it adjacent its inner and outer faces to receivably locate tensioning members. The body may also have flanges adjacent its ends for tensionable connection to flanges of adjacent bodies. In constructing a liquid retaining structure a plurality of wall panels is aligned in desired edge to edge relation-ship to form a substantially continuous wall. A plurality of coping members is mounted adjacent the top edge of the wall to form a substantially continuous coping and, these coping members are tensioned adjacent their inner and outer faces to form a substantially continuous prestressed, post-tensioned coping about the perimeter of the structure.
A coping member for a liquid retaining structure such as a swimming pool comprises a body adapted to be tensioned adjacent its inner and outer faces. The body is further adapted for mounting adjacent the upper edge of a wall of the liquid retaining structure. The body has apertures extending through it adjacent its inner and outer faces to receivably locate tensioning members. The body may also have flanges adjacent its ends for tensionable connection to flanges of adjacent bodies. In constructing a liquid retaining structure a plurality of wall panels is aligned in desired edge to edge relation-ship to form a substantially continuous wall. A plurality of coping members is mounted adjacent the top edge of the wall to form a substantially continuous coping and, these coping members are tensioned adjacent their inner and outer faces to form a substantially continuous prestressed, post-tensioned coping about the perimeter of the structure.
Description
This invention relates to improvements in or relating to a method and apparatus for construction of liquid containers and particularly although not exclusively related to swimming pools.
Various types of pre-fabricated or semi pre-fabricated swimming pools are known. Apart from fibreglass pools, these generally comprise an assembly of pre-cast concrete or shaped asbestos cement sheet wall panels arranged in edye to edge con-figuration about the perimeter of the pool. Atop the wall panels is mounted a coping comprising a plurality of pre-cast members, also arranged in edge to edge configuration and post-tensioned by a cable or like tensioning member about the outer periphery of the coping to form a rigid support beam for the structure.
Although such structures are generally satisfactory for circular or oval shaped pools, the structures possess a number of disadvantages and limitations. Among these are that the structures are only suitable to withstand outwardly directed forces imposed by the contents of such pools but nevertheless these pools are generally designed to be constructed in a ground aperture for support by a surrounding earth bank or like infill. It has been proposed that structures of the abovementioned kind may be suitable as a free standing structure in above ground applications by employing buttresses at closely spaced intervals around the external perimeter of the structure but for reasons of cost and the need for structural integrity, the below ground application is usually recommended. None of the abovementioned types of structure permits construction of a pool suitable for either in ground or above ground application while simultaneously permitting pool con-structions incorporating substantially straight walls, e.g. a
Various types of pre-fabricated or semi pre-fabricated swimming pools are known. Apart from fibreglass pools, these generally comprise an assembly of pre-cast concrete or shaped asbestos cement sheet wall panels arranged in edye to edge con-figuration about the perimeter of the pool. Atop the wall panels is mounted a coping comprising a plurality of pre-cast members, also arranged in edge to edge configuration and post-tensioned by a cable or like tensioning member about the outer periphery of the coping to form a rigid support beam for the structure.
Although such structures are generally satisfactory for circular or oval shaped pools, the structures possess a number of disadvantages and limitations. Among these are that the structures are only suitable to withstand outwardly directed forces imposed by the contents of such pools but nevertheless these pools are generally designed to be constructed in a ground aperture for support by a surrounding earth bank or like infill. It has been proposed that structures of the abovementioned kind may be suitable as a free standing structure in above ground applications by employing buttresses at closely spaced intervals around the external perimeter of the structure but for reasons of cost and the need for structural integrity, the below ground application is usually recommended. None of the abovementioned types of structure permits construction of a pool suitable for either in ground or above ground application while simultaneously permitting pool con-structions incorporating substantially straight walls, e.g. a
- 2 ~L~7~Z~;~
rectangular pool, or a pool incorporating indented or convexly curved walls.
The present invention provides a liquid retaining struc-ture generally free of perimetral shape restraints and which is suitable either for above ground and below ground applications.
According to one aspect of the invention -there is pro-vided a coping member for a liquid retaining structure comprising a body adapted to be tensioned adjacent its inner and outer faces, said body being further adapted for mounting adjacent the upper edge of a wall of said liquid retaining structure.
Preferably the body comprises apertures extending through the body adjacent the inner and outer faces of the body to receiv-ably locate tensioning members.
Alternatively the body may comprise flanges adjacent its ends, said flanges adapted for tensionable connection, in use~ to flanges of adjacent bodies.
Suitably the body is formed from cast concrete and the hollow apertures are formed in the casting process. Alternatively the hollow apertures may be formed by hollow members cast into said body.
Preferably the body includes means to retainably align in use adjacent bodies in desired end to end relationship.
Suitably the body comprises one or more lugs, the lugs of one body are receivably located in corresponding apertures of an adjacent body to retainably align said adjacent ~odies in desired end to end relationship.
Preferably the body comprises a decorati~e upper ; - 3 z~
surface formed during the casting process.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of constructing a liquid retaining structure comprising aligning a plurality of wall panels in desired edge to edge relationship to form a substantially continuous wall;
mounting a plurality of coping members as described above adjacent the top edge of said wall to form a substantially continuous coping; and, tensioning said coping members adjacent their inner and outer faces to form a substantially continuous pre-stressed, post-tensioned coping about the perimeter of the structure.
Preferably tensioning members are inserted through access apertures in an outer perimetral portion of a coping member, said access apertures communicating with the hollow apertures within the body of said coping member.
Preferably said access apertures are diametrically located about the perimeter of the substantially continuous copina.
According to yet a further aspect of the invention the_e is prGvided a li~uid retaining structure comprising a plurality of wall panels arranged in desired edge to edge relationship to form a suhstantially continuous wall;
a plurality of coping members as described above mounted adjacent the top edge of said wall to form a substantially continuous coping; and, tensioned members arranged within the hollow apertures of said bodies to form a substantially continuous pre-stressed, post-tensioned coping.
Preferably the wall panels are comprised of cementitious material.
Suitably the wall panels are comprised of pre-cast steel fibre reinforced concrete.
Preferably the wall panels are mounted in channel z~
sectioned footings.
Preferably the wall panels comprise reinforcing ribs.
Suitably the reinforcing ribs are located adjacent to side edges of the wall panels and extend substantially perpendicularly therefrom.
Preferably the reinforcing ribs include attachment means to permit, in use, attachment of adjacQnt wall panels.
Preferably the wall panels include integral attach-ment means for the flexible lining membr~ne.
Preferably the structure comprises a flexible lining membrane.
Various aspects of the invention will now be described with reference to ~he accompanying drawings in which:-FIG. 1 illustrates a preferred coping me~ber according to the invention.
FIG. 2 illustrates a mould for manufacture of the coping member of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 illustrates one embodiment of a wall panel.
FIG. 3A illustrates an alternative panel jointing member.
FIG. 4 illustrates a mould for a wall panel of FIG.3.
FIG. 5 illustrates section of a preferred embodiment of a wall of a liquid retainin~ structure according to the invention.
FIG. 6 illustrates a plan view of a preferred embodiment of a liquid retaining structure according to the invention.
In FIG. 1, the coping member 1 may be formed from any suitable material but is preferably formed from cast concrete or Fibresteel (Regd. Trade Mark) reinforced concrete. The upper surface 2 preferably includes an integrally cast decorative pattern 3 or it may be formed with a smooth or roughened surface to accept a decorative finish such as pebbles, ~iles etc. One end of the member includes a lug ~ and the other end includes a complementary shaped recess (not shown) to facilitate location and alignment of ~he coping members when fitted to a liquid retaining structure. Accurate end to end alignment may be achieved by means of locating pins (not shown) in apertures 4a in each end of coping members 1. The under surface of the member is formed as a shallow channel and includes recesses 5 and 6 to locate the upper edges of adjoining ribbed wall panels.
Located adjacent the inner and outer edges of the coping member are hollow aperiures 7 which extend longitudinally through the coping member 1.
FIG. 2 illustrates â mould suitable for manufacturing the cast coping members of FIG. 1. In use the mould 8 is partially filled with cementitious material and insert 9 is pushed into the mould to form the underside of the coping member. The inner surface 10 of the mould includes an embossed or raised surface to provide a complementary decorative finish on the upper surface 2 of the coping member. Lugs 11 and complementary recesses 12 are provided to locate the insert 9 relative to mould 8.
Mould 8 includes apertures 13 through which pins 14 may be inserted to form apertures 7 in the coping members during casting. These are removed after the cementitious material has cured and prior to removal of the coping member from the mould. Alternatively lengths of tubing or like hollow sections may be situated within the mould and allowed to cure in situ to form apertures 7.
FIG. 3 illustrates one embodiment of a wall panel 15 comprising ribs 16 extending perpendicularly rom the outer face 16 of panel 15 and which taper inwardly from top to bottom of the panel. The ribs include apertures 17 to permit alignment and attachment of adjacent wall panels and further attachment means for suppo~ting braces if required.
FIG. 3A illustrates an alt~rnative means fGr jointing ~L~75i2~2 of wall panels. The jointing member comprises an elongate member 40 of generally T-shaped cross-section wi~h a rearwardly extending leg 41. At the base of member 40 is an upwardly opening channel 42. A locating pin 43 is recei~abl~ located in aperture 44 on the top of member 40.
FIG~RE 4 illustrates a mould for casting the wall panels of FIGURE 3, preferably from steel fibre reinforced concrete.
The mould comprises two sections 18 and 19 to shape the front and rear faces respectively of the wall panel. The section 19 includes a perimetral flange 20, the depth of which about the horizontal portions corresponds to the rib thickness and the depth on its vertical portions enables spacing of mould section 18 to the desired wall thickness of the wall panel. Depending flanges 21 on either end permit attachment of the mould sections by bolt-ing, clamping or like means. Locating lugs 22 are provided on the inner face of section 18 to locate a liner retainer strip, to permit its integral casting within the wall panel. Apertures 23 are provided in mould section 19 to accept removable pins 24 to form the apertures 17 in the wall panel. In use the mould is assembled on its side as shown on a flat surface and cementitious material is poured into the mould aperture. The upper exposed sur-face of the cementitious material is then trowelled or screeded off to a flat surface forming one of the outer faces of the rein-forcing ribs 16 of the finished wall panel.
The construction of a liquid retaining structure will now be described with reference to FIGURES 5 and 6~
In FIGURE 5, reinforced concrete footing channels 24 are arranged on a ground surface to define the perimeter of the desired ~75~
shape of the liquid retaining structure. The footing channels preferably include an inwardly facing step 25 to support the lower edge of the wall panels against "kick-out" from internal pressure during the filling of the structure with liquid. If required, the floor of the structure may be formed as a hollow depression 26 and may be lined with sand or concrete 27. Wall panels 15 are then arranged in side by side relationship, their adjacent flanges con-nected by bolts 28 or the like, with their lower edges in the footing channel to define a substantially continuous wall surface.
Coping members 1 are then arranged atop the wall with the upper edge of the wall surface located in recess 5 and the upper part of rib 16 located in recess 6. The coping members are aligned by means of pins located in apertures 4a and with adjacent edges abutting such that lug 4 is located in the complementary aperture (not shown) in an adjacent coping member. If re.quired the abutting surfaces between the top of the wall panels and the recesses 5 and 6 may be sealed with a cementitious grout as well as the abutting ends of adjacent coping members. With all coping members in place a substantially continuous coping is formed atop the substantially continuous wall. Tensioning members such as cables may then be arranged within apertures 7 and tensioned to form an essentially rigid beam like continuous coping about the upper edge of the structure. A flexible membrane liner 29 may then be arranged with-in the int~rior of the structure and attached to the upper part of the wall via liner retaining member 30.
In an alternative construction, planar sheets of a suit-able material such as cast steel fibre reinforced concrete, asbestos cement sheeting, plywood sheeting, plastics sheeting or ;~
~ 8 -~7~ 2 the like are located with abutting ends by means of member 40 illustrated in FIGURE 3A. The channel 42 locates the lower edges of the sheets or wall panels and avoids the necessity for separate footing channels. Locating pins 43 accurately locate the upper end of member 40 in a further aperture (not shown) in recess 6.
The wall sheets or panels ,:
``i ` - 8a -~ - 9 -are thus locked in place in lo~er channel 42 and upper channel or rPcess 5 in the coping member. The T-shaped cross section of the member 40 thus provides a rigid support for the abutting joint between adjacent wall panels and also enables attachment of braces to the rearwardly extending leg 41 if required, FIG. 6 illustrates a typical tensioning arrangement for a rectangular swimming pool structure. The coping me~bers for this structure comprise a plurality of essentially identical rectangular coping members 1, plain corner members 31 and 31a and terminal corner members 32 and 32a. The tensioning cables are inserted in a pair of apertures 33 which communicate with the apertures 7 in the rectangular members 1. The cables pass through cur~ed apertures in corner member 31a (which suitably includes a skimmer box 34). The cables pass then to corner member 32a where they emerge from apertures 35. Post tensioning cable anchors are then fitted to the ends of the cables at the openings to apertures 35 and the other ends of the cables are suitably tensioned adjacent apertures 33O Cable anchors are then attached to the tensioned ends of the cables prior to disengagement of the tensioning means. Additional tensioning cables are then inserted through apertures 36 until they emerge at apertures 37. These cables are then anchored and tensioned in a similar manner as described above. The resultant pre-s~ressed, post-tensioned coping around the upper edge of the pool effectively comprises a rigid continuous beam which is capable of supporting great load, either inwardly or outwardly directed, without substantial deflection.
It will be appreciated that the connection of the coping members by a tensioned force adjacent the inner and outer faces 38 and 39 of the coping members will not permit deflection of the beam like coping without stretching of the tensioning cables. In an alternative embodiment of the ~7~
invention the tensioning means may compr se either integrally moulded flanges or reinforced flan~e members cast into the coping members adjacent at each end adjacent the inner and outer faces. A tensioned connection may be achieved between adjacent members by bolts or the like.
It will be further appreciated that the present invention permits construction of liquid retaining structures with little or no restriction on perimetral shape.
Structures with convex and/or concave perimetral walls may be readily constructed frcm suitably shaped coping members.
For example in a liquid retaining structure of circular plan, the coping members may be essentially identical curved members with curved cable apertures 7 adjacent their inner and outer edges. Termination points for the tensioning cable are readily achieved by, for example, shaping the cable apertures 7 to extend through the outer side walls of one or more of the coping members.
A particular advantage of the present invention is the ability to construct liquid retaining structures with straight walls without the need for buttresses to support the wall against deflection. For certain applications, however, such as very high walled free standing structures, additional structural integrity may be achieved by incorporating further tensioning cables around the outer perimeter of the wall. These additional cables may be conveniently supported in apertures in the connecting ribs 16 of the wall panels or support members 40. Although not generally considered essential for most applications, braces (as shown in FIG. 5) may ~e employed at widely spaced intervals for additional support.
It will be readily apparent to a s~illed addressee that many modifications and variations may be made to the present invention without departing from ,he spirit and scope thereof.
rectangular pool, or a pool incorporating indented or convexly curved walls.
The present invention provides a liquid retaining struc-ture generally free of perimetral shape restraints and which is suitable either for above ground and below ground applications.
According to one aspect of the invention -there is pro-vided a coping member for a liquid retaining structure comprising a body adapted to be tensioned adjacent its inner and outer faces, said body being further adapted for mounting adjacent the upper edge of a wall of said liquid retaining structure.
Preferably the body comprises apertures extending through the body adjacent the inner and outer faces of the body to receiv-ably locate tensioning members.
Alternatively the body may comprise flanges adjacent its ends, said flanges adapted for tensionable connection, in use~ to flanges of adjacent bodies.
Suitably the body is formed from cast concrete and the hollow apertures are formed in the casting process. Alternatively the hollow apertures may be formed by hollow members cast into said body.
Preferably the body includes means to retainably align in use adjacent bodies in desired end to end relationship.
Suitably the body comprises one or more lugs, the lugs of one body are receivably located in corresponding apertures of an adjacent body to retainably align said adjacent ~odies in desired end to end relationship.
Preferably the body comprises a decorati~e upper ; - 3 z~
surface formed during the casting process.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of constructing a liquid retaining structure comprising aligning a plurality of wall panels in desired edge to edge relationship to form a substantially continuous wall;
mounting a plurality of coping members as described above adjacent the top edge of said wall to form a substantially continuous coping; and, tensioning said coping members adjacent their inner and outer faces to form a substantially continuous pre-stressed, post-tensioned coping about the perimeter of the structure.
Preferably tensioning members are inserted through access apertures in an outer perimetral portion of a coping member, said access apertures communicating with the hollow apertures within the body of said coping member.
Preferably said access apertures are diametrically located about the perimeter of the substantially continuous copina.
According to yet a further aspect of the invention the_e is prGvided a li~uid retaining structure comprising a plurality of wall panels arranged in desired edge to edge relationship to form a suhstantially continuous wall;
a plurality of coping members as described above mounted adjacent the top edge of said wall to form a substantially continuous coping; and, tensioned members arranged within the hollow apertures of said bodies to form a substantially continuous pre-stressed, post-tensioned coping.
Preferably the wall panels are comprised of cementitious material.
Suitably the wall panels are comprised of pre-cast steel fibre reinforced concrete.
Preferably the wall panels are mounted in channel z~
sectioned footings.
Preferably the wall panels comprise reinforcing ribs.
Suitably the reinforcing ribs are located adjacent to side edges of the wall panels and extend substantially perpendicularly therefrom.
Preferably the reinforcing ribs include attachment means to permit, in use, attachment of adjacQnt wall panels.
Preferably the wall panels include integral attach-ment means for the flexible lining membr~ne.
Preferably the structure comprises a flexible lining membrane.
Various aspects of the invention will now be described with reference to ~he accompanying drawings in which:-FIG. 1 illustrates a preferred coping me~ber according to the invention.
FIG. 2 illustrates a mould for manufacture of the coping member of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 illustrates one embodiment of a wall panel.
FIG. 3A illustrates an alternative panel jointing member.
FIG. 4 illustrates a mould for a wall panel of FIG.3.
FIG. 5 illustrates section of a preferred embodiment of a wall of a liquid retainin~ structure according to the invention.
FIG. 6 illustrates a plan view of a preferred embodiment of a liquid retaining structure according to the invention.
In FIG. 1, the coping member 1 may be formed from any suitable material but is preferably formed from cast concrete or Fibresteel (Regd. Trade Mark) reinforced concrete. The upper surface 2 preferably includes an integrally cast decorative pattern 3 or it may be formed with a smooth or roughened surface to accept a decorative finish such as pebbles, ~iles etc. One end of the member includes a lug ~ and the other end includes a complementary shaped recess (not shown) to facilitate location and alignment of ~he coping members when fitted to a liquid retaining structure. Accurate end to end alignment may be achieved by means of locating pins (not shown) in apertures 4a in each end of coping members 1. The under surface of the member is formed as a shallow channel and includes recesses 5 and 6 to locate the upper edges of adjoining ribbed wall panels.
Located adjacent the inner and outer edges of the coping member are hollow aperiures 7 which extend longitudinally through the coping member 1.
FIG. 2 illustrates â mould suitable for manufacturing the cast coping members of FIG. 1. In use the mould 8 is partially filled with cementitious material and insert 9 is pushed into the mould to form the underside of the coping member. The inner surface 10 of the mould includes an embossed or raised surface to provide a complementary decorative finish on the upper surface 2 of the coping member. Lugs 11 and complementary recesses 12 are provided to locate the insert 9 relative to mould 8.
Mould 8 includes apertures 13 through which pins 14 may be inserted to form apertures 7 in the coping members during casting. These are removed after the cementitious material has cured and prior to removal of the coping member from the mould. Alternatively lengths of tubing or like hollow sections may be situated within the mould and allowed to cure in situ to form apertures 7.
FIG. 3 illustrates one embodiment of a wall panel 15 comprising ribs 16 extending perpendicularly rom the outer face 16 of panel 15 and which taper inwardly from top to bottom of the panel. The ribs include apertures 17 to permit alignment and attachment of adjacent wall panels and further attachment means for suppo~ting braces if required.
FIG. 3A illustrates an alt~rnative means fGr jointing ~L~75i2~2 of wall panels. The jointing member comprises an elongate member 40 of generally T-shaped cross-section wi~h a rearwardly extending leg 41. At the base of member 40 is an upwardly opening channel 42. A locating pin 43 is recei~abl~ located in aperture 44 on the top of member 40.
FIG~RE 4 illustrates a mould for casting the wall panels of FIGURE 3, preferably from steel fibre reinforced concrete.
The mould comprises two sections 18 and 19 to shape the front and rear faces respectively of the wall panel. The section 19 includes a perimetral flange 20, the depth of which about the horizontal portions corresponds to the rib thickness and the depth on its vertical portions enables spacing of mould section 18 to the desired wall thickness of the wall panel. Depending flanges 21 on either end permit attachment of the mould sections by bolt-ing, clamping or like means. Locating lugs 22 are provided on the inner face of section 18 to locate a liner retainer strip, to permit its integral casting within the wall panel. Apertures 23 are provided in mould section 19 to accept removable pins 24 to form the apertures 17 in the wall panel. In use the mould is assembled on its side as shown on a flat surface and cementitious material is poured into the mould aperture. The upper exposed sur-face of the cementitious material is then trowelled or screeded off to a flat surface forming one of the outer faces of the rein-forcing ribs 16 of the finished wall panel.
The construction of a liquid retaining structure will now be described with reference to FIGURES 5 and 6~
In FIGURE 5, reinforced concrete footing channels 24 are arranged on a ground surface to define the perimeter of the desired ~75~
shape of the liquid retaining structure. The footing channels preferably include an inwardly facing step 25 to support the lower edge of the wall panels against "kick-out" from internal pressure during the filling of the structure with liquid. If required, the floor of the structure may be formed as a hollow depression 26 and may be lined with sand or concrete 27. Wall panels 15 are then arranged in side by side relationship, their adjacent flanges con-nected by bolts 28 or the like, with their lower edges in the footing channel to define a substantially continuous wall surface.
Coping members 1 are then arranged atop the wall with the upper edge of the wall surface located in recess 5 and the upper part of rib 16 located in recess 6. The coping members are aligned by means of pins located in apertures 4a and with adjacent edges abutting such that lug 4 is located in the complementary aperture (not shown) in an adjacent coping member. If re.quired the abutting surfaces between the top of the wall panels and the recesses 5 and 6 may be sealed with a cementitious grout as well as the abutting ends of adjacent coping members. With all coping members in place a substantially continuous coping is formed atop the substantially continuous wall. Tensioning members such as cables may then be arranged within apertures 7 and tensioned to form an essentially rigid beam like continuous coping about the upper edge of the structure. A flexible membrane liner 29 may then be arranged with-in the int~rior of the structure and attached to the upper part of the wall via liner retaining member 30.
In an alternative construction, planar sheets of a suit-able material such as cast steel fibre reinforced concrete, asbestos cement sheeting, plywood sheeting, plastics sheeting or ;~
~ 8 -~7~ 2 the like are located with abutting ends by means of member 40 illustrated in FIGURE 3A. The channel 42 locates the lower edges of the sheets or wall panels and avoids the necessity for separate footing channels. Locating pins 43 accurately locate the upper end of member 40 in a further aperture (not shown) in recess 6.
The wall sheets or panels ,:
``i ` - 8a -~ - 9 -are thus locked in place in lo~er channel 42 and upper channel or rPcess 5 in the coping member. The T-shaped cross section of the member 40 thus provides a rigid support for the abutting joint between adjacent wall panels and also enables attachment of braces to the rearwardly extending leg 41 if required, FIG. 6 illustrates a typical tensioning arrangement for a rectangular swimming pool structure. The coping me~bers for this structure comprise a plurality of essentially identical rectangular coping members 1, plain corner members 31 and 31a and terminal corner members 32 and 32a. The tensioning cables are inserted in a pair of apertures 33 which communicate with the apertures 7 in the rectangular members 1. The cables pass through cur~ed apertures in corner member 31a (which suitably includes a skimmer box 34). The cables pass then to corner member 32a where they emerge from apertures 35. Post tensioning cable anchors are then fitted to the ends of the cables at the openings to apertures 35 and the other ends of the cables are suitably tensioned adjacent apertures 33O Cable anchors are then attached to the tensioned ends of the cables prior to disengagement of the tensioning means. Additional tensioning cables are then inserted through apertures 36 until they emerge at apertures 37. These cables are then anchored and tensioned in a similar manner as described above. The resultant pre-s~ressed, post-tensioned coping around the upper edge of the pool effectively comprises a rigid continuous beam which is capable of supporting great load, either inwardly or outwardly directed, without substantial deflection.
It will be appreciated that the connection of the coping members by a tensioned force adjacent the inner and outer faces 38 and 39 of the coping members will not permit deflection of the beam like coping without stretching of the tensioning cables. In an alternative embodiment of the ~7~
invention the tensioning means may compr se either integrally moulded flanges or reinforced flan~e members cast into the coping members adjacent at each end adjacent the inner and outer faces. A tensioned connection may be achieved between adjacent members by bolts or the like.
It will be further appreciated that the present invention permits construction of liquid retaining structures with little or no restriction on perimetral shape.
Structures with convex and/or concave perimetral walls may be readily constructed frcm suitably shaped coping members.
For example in a liquid retaining structure of circular plan, the coping members may be essentially identical curved members with curved cable apertures 7 adjacent their inner and outer edges. Termination points for the tensioning cable are readily achieved by, for example, shaping the cable apertures 7 to extend through the outer side walls of one or more of the coping members.
A particular advantage of the present invention is the ability to construct liquid retaining structures with straight walls without the need for buttresses to support the wall against deflection. For certain applications, however, such as very high walled free standing structures, additional structural integrity may be achieved by incorporating further tensioning cables around the outer perimeter of the wall. These additional cables may be conveniently supported in apertures in the connecting ribs 16 of the wall panels or support members 40. Although not generally considered essential for most applications, braces (as shown in FIG. 5) may ~e employed at widely spaced intervals for additional support.
It will be readily apparent to a s~illed addressee that many modifications and variations may be made to the present invention without departing from ,he spirit and scope thereof.
Claims (8)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A coping member for a liquid retaining structure com-prising a body adapted to be tensioned adjacent its inner and outer faces, said body being further adapted for mounting adjacent the upper edge of a wall of said liquid retaining structure.
2. A coping member as claimed in claim 1 wherein said body comprises apertures extending through the body adjacent the inner and outer faces of the body to receivably locate tensioning members.
3. A coping member as claimed in claim 1 wherein said body comprises flanges adjacent its ends, said flanges adapted for tensionable connection, in use, to flanges of adjacent bodies.
4. A coping member as claimed in any one of claims 1-3 wherein said body includes means to retainably align in use adjacent bodies in desired end to end relationship.
5. A method of constructing a liquid retaining structure comprising aligning a plurality of wall panels in desired edge to edge relationship to form a substantially continuous wall;
mounting a plurality of coping members as claimed in claim 1 adjacent the top edge of said wall to form a substantially continuous coping; and, tensioning said coping members adjacent their inner and outer faces to form a substantially continuous pre-stressed, post-tensioned coping about the perimeter of the structure.
mounting a plurality of coping members as claimed in claim 1 adjacent the top edge of said wall to form a substantially continuous coping; and, tensioning said coping members adjacent their inner and outer faces to form a substantially continuous pre-stressed, post-tensioned coping about the perimeter of the structure.
6. A method as claimed in claim 5 wherein tensioning members are inserted through access apertures in an outer perimetral portion of a coping member, said access apertures communicating with hollow apertures within the body of said coping member.
7. A method as claimed in claim 5 or claim 6 wherein said access apertures are diametrically located about the perimeter of the substantially continuous coping.
8. A liquid retaining structure comprising a plurality of wall panels arranged in desired edge to edge relationship to form a substantially continuous wall;
a plurality of coping members as claimed in any one of claims 1-3 mounted adjacent the top edge of said wall to form a substantially continuous coping; and, tensioned members arranged within the hollow apertures of said bodies to form a substantially continuous pre-stressed, post-tensioned coping.
a plurality of coping members as claimed in any one of claims 1-3 mounted adjacent the top edge of said wall to form a substantially continuous coping; and, tensioned members arranged within the hollow apertures of said bodies to form a substantially continuous pre-stressed, post-tensioned coping.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPE879781 | 1981-05-11 | ||
| AUPE8797 | 1981-05-11 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1175202A true CA1175202A (en) | 1984-10-02 |
Family
ID=3769062
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000402677A Expired CA1175202A (en) | 1981-05-11 | 1982-05-11 | Liquid containers |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0078276A4 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1175202A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1982004090A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2268225B (en) * | 1992-06-29 | 1995-07-05 | Ford Motor Co | A fuel supply arrangement |
| FR2821105B1 (en) * | 2001-02-16 | 2004-03-26 | Soc Civ D Brevets Matiere | WATERPROOF AND RESISTANT WALL FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A TANK |
| ITTO20131019A1 (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2015-06-14 | Atlantide S A S Di Ruotolo Antonie Tta & C | GRILL FOR THE COVERING OF A POOL TRIMMING CHANNEL, AND PROCEDURE FOR ITS MANUFACTURING |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB477103A (en) * | 1936-09-05 | 1937-12-22 | Herbert James Haynes | Improvement for coping to swimming pool |
| US3094709A (en) * | 1962-01-29 | 1963-06-25 | Cascade Ind Inc | Swimming pool |
| US3200548A (en) * | 1963-05-09 | 1965-08-17 | Jr Merle H Gillespie | Precast shell coping and method of construction for swimming pools |
| AU436726B2 (en) * | 1970-01-13 | 1973-06-08 | Improvements in and relating to swimming pools | |
| DE2544458A1 (en) * | 1974-10-14 | 1976-04-22 | Durack M J | WATER RESERVOIR |
| AU2027176A (en) * | 1975-12-05 | 1978-06-08 | Mutual Construction N S W Pty | Swimming pool construction |
| FR2372292A1 (en) * | 1976-11-26 | 1978-06-23 | Fonteneau Pierre | Rim assembly for fish pond - has slabs joined by pins received in plastics inserts and drawn together by cable tensioned by turn buckle device |
-
1982
- 1982-05-11 EP EP19820901345 patent/EP0078276A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1982-05-11 WO PCT/AU1982/000071 patent/WO1982004090A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1982-05-11 CA CA000402677A patent/CA1175202A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0078276A4 (en) | 1983-08-24 |
| WO1982004090A1 (en) | 1982-11-25 |
| EP0078276A1 (en) | 1983-05-11 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEC | Expiry (correction) | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |