CA1168969A - Intumescent fire barrier material laminated with restraining layer - Google Patents
Intumescent fire barrier material laminated with restraining layerInfo
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- CA1168969A CA1168969A CA000377485A CA377485A CA1168969A CA 1168969 A CA1168969 A CA 1168969A CA 000377485 A CA000377485 A CA 000377485A CA 377485 A CA377485 A CA 377485A CA 1168969 A CA1168969 A CA 1168969A
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- intumescent
- composite
- restraining layer
- sheet material
- layer
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
An intumescent composite comprising a layer of intumescent sheet material having a restraining layer laminated thereto provides a superior intumescent barrier for use in sealing penetrations through floors, partitions and ceilings from smoke, fire, gas and water passage. The restraining layer causes the char forming during an intumescent reaction to be generated in a directionalized manner so that cavities into which the intumescent composites are placed are optimally filled. The intumescent composite can have holes punched in it and can be used in fire protection applications where air circulation is desired. In the event of a fire, the expansion of the intumescent composite is in a direction which enable the punched holes to be quickly filled.
An intumescent composite comprising a layer of intumescent sheet material having a restraining layer laminated thereto provides a superior intumescent barrier for use in sealing penetrations through floors, partitions and ceilings from smoke, fire, gas and water passage. The restraining layer causes the char forming during an intumescent reaction to be generated in a directionalized manner so that cavities into which the intumescent composites are placed are optimally filled. The intumescent composite can have holes punched in it and can be used in fire protection applications where air circulation is desired. In the event of a fire, the expansion of the intumescent composite is in a direction which enable the punched holes to be quickly filled.
Description
I 16~96~
The present invention relates to an intumescent composite comprising fire retardant materials having a restrain~ng layer laminated thereto to dimen-sionally control the refractory char produced upon heating the laminated intumescent composite. The intumescent composite exists in a flexible rubbery form to the extent that it is not rigidized by the restraining layer. After exposure to intense heat or fire, the restrained composite intumesces and becomes a rigid char which has been dimensionally controlled by the restraining layer.
Prior art devices such as are disclosed in McMartin, United States Patent No. 3,864,883 and Bradley et al., United States Patent No. 4,061,344, have used intumescent material in the area of fire, vapor and smoke barriers.
Canadian Patent No. 1,118,948, issued February 23, 1982 to Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, relates to one type of flexible heat-expanding fire retardant composite materials with the intumescent component within an elasto-meric binder. These composites have no directional control of their expansion and thus are optimally used within confined spaces. They are most effective in poke-through devices.
The present invention comprises a layer of intumescent sheet material to which a restraining layer is laminated. Intumescent composites which are laminated with restraining layers have been shown to exhibit dramatically dif-ferent expansion properties when compared to unrestrained intumescent sheets.
It has been unexpectedly found that when an intumescent composite of the present invention is heated or burned in a fire at a temperature greater than about 110C, expansion of the composite occurs in a controlled directionali~ed manner. The intumescing composite expands in a direction substantially per-pendicular to the restraining layer rather than expanding isotropically as would be the case with an unrestrained intumescent sheet.
1 1 68~)~ 9 The composites of the present invention, in conjunction with suitable application methods, provide a superior intumescent barrier for use in sealing penetrations through walls, floors, partitions and ceilings from smoke, fire, gas and water passage, since the char formed during the intumescent reaction can be generated in a directionalized manner to assure that the penetration cavity is optimally filled. In addition, the ability of the composites of the present invention to expand, when exposed to heat or fire, in a directionalized manner so as to optimally fill penetrations, allows for lower cost fire protec-tion devices.
In addition, the intumescent composites of the present invention can have holes punched in them and can be used in fire protection applications where air circulation is desired. In the event of a fire, the direction of expansion of the intumescent composite is controlled by the restraining laycr, so that the holes are filled and an effective fire barrier is provided.
Rroadly stated, according to a first broad aspect of the present invention there is provided a flexible intumescent composite for use in sealing penetrations through walls, floors, partitions and ceilings comprising a layer of intumescent sheet material at least one major exterior surface of said in-tumescent sheet material having a restraining layer laminated thereto, said intumescent material being capable of expansion when subjected to elevated temperatures, and wherein said restraining layer (a) will not decompose or soften before the underlying intumescent sheet material has had a chance to expand; (b) has sufficient tensile strength to resist tearing during expansion of the intumescent sheet material; and (c) is bondable to the underlying intumes-cent sheet and resists delamination throughout the expansion process; when said composite is subjected to temperatures over about 110C, wherein said restrain-ing layer will withstand temperatures of about 150C before it begins to I ~ ~8969 soften or degrade, and wherein said intumescent composite has sufficient flex-ibility to allow said intumescent composite to be helically wrapped so as to fit into cylindrical penetrations or be wrapped around cable trays.
According to a second broad aspect of the invention, there is pro-vided a method of controlling the expansion direction of an intumescent sheet material when said material is subjected to elevated temperatures comprising laminating at least one major exterior surface of said sheet of intumescent material with a restraining layer which (a) will not decompose or soften before the underlying intumescent s:heet material has had a chance to expand; (b) has sufficient tensile strength to resist tearing during expansion of the intumes-cent sheet material; and (c) is bondable to the underlying intumescent sheet and resists delamination throughout the expansion process; when the composite of said intumescent sheet materi.al a.nd said restraining layer is subjected to temperatures over about 110C, and wherein said restraining layer will with-stand temperatures of about 150C before beginning to soften or degrade.
The invention will now be described in greater detail with reference to the accompanyi.ng drawings, in which:
Figure l is an enlarged sectional view of the intumescent composite of the present invention;
Figure 2 is an exploded perspective view of one embodiment of a fire barrier device using the intumescent composite of the present invention with parts thereof shown in section;
Figure 3 is an enlarged sectional view of one embodiment of the intumescent composite of the present invention;
Figure 4 is an enlarged sectional view of a disc comprising intumes-cent sheet material coated with a nonrestraining layer;
Figure 5 is an enlarged sectional view of the disc of Figure 4, after ,. .~
~ 1 6 ~)? ~3 6 9 it has intumesced;
Figure 6 is an enlarged sectional view of a disc comprising the in-tumescent composite of the present invention; and Figure 7 is an enlarged sectional view of the disc of Figure G, after it has intumesced.
Referring now more particularly to the drawings, the composite, in its simplest form, cornprises a sheet 11 of intumescent material with a restrain-ing layer 12 laminated thereto. The preferred intumescent sheet material 11 is a flexible heat-expanding, fire retardant composition comprising an intumes-cent component in granular form such as hydrated alkali metal silicate~ an organic binder component, an organic char-forming component such as phenolic resin and fillers. Such a composition is disclosed in above-mentioned Canadian Patent No. 1,118,948. This composition is a flexible rubbery material in its unexpanded state, but once subjected to temperatures on the order of 110C.
and higher, intumesces up to 10 times its original volume and becomes a rigid char which is capable of sealing penetrations in which it is contained against the passage of smoke, vapors and water. Of course, other intumescent materials such as Palusol ~9commercially available from BASF, and expantrol ~ commer-cially available from the 3M Co., can be satisfactorily utilized and fall with-in the scope of the present invention.
The following requirements for the restraining layer 12 have been determined:
-3a-1 3 ~969 (1) it should not decompose or soften before the underlying intumescent sheet material has had a chance to expand, i.e., it should withstand temperatures of about 150C. before it begins to soften or degrade;
The present invention relates to an intumescent composite comprising fire retardant materials having a restrain~ng layer laminated thereto to dimen-sionally control the refractory char produced upon heating the laminated intumescent composite. The intumescent composite exists in a flexible rubbery form to the extent that it is not rigidized by the restraining layer. After exposure to intense heat or fire, the restrained composite intumesces and becomes a rigid char which has been dimensionally controlled by the restraining layer.
Prior art devices such as are disclosed in McMartin, United States Patent No. 3,864,883 and Bradley et al., United States Patent No. 4,061,344, have used intumescent material in the area of fire, vapor and smoke barriers.
Canadian Patent No. 1,118,948, issued February 23, 1982 to Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, relates to one type of flexible heat-expanding fire retardant composite materials with the intumescent component within an elasto-meric binder. These composites have no directional control of their expansion and thus are optimally used within confined spaces. They are most effective in poke-through devices.
The present invention comprises a layer of intumescent sheet material to which a restraining layer is laminated. Intumescent composites which are laminated with restraining layers have been shown to exhibit dramatically dif-ferent expansion properties when compared to unrestrained intumescent sheets.
It has been unexpectedly found that when an intumescent composite of the present invention is heated or burned in a fire at a temperature greater than about 110C, expansion of the composite occurs in a controlled directionali~ed manner. The intumescing composite expands in a direction substantially per-pendicular to the restraining layer rather than expanding isotropically as would be the case with an unrestrained intumescent sheet.
1 1 68~)~ 9 The composites of the present invention, in conjunction with suitable application methods, provide a superior intumescent barrier for use in sealing penetrations through walls, floors, partitions and ceilings from smoke, fire, gas and water passage, since the char formed during the intumescent reaction can be generated in a directionalized manner to assure that the penetration cavity is optimally filled. In addition, the ability of the composites of the present invention to expand, when exposed to heat or fire, in a directionalized manner so as to optimally fill penetrations, allows for lower cost fire protec-tion devices.
In addition, the intumescent composites of the present invention can have holes punched in them and can be used in fire protection applications where air circulation is desired. In the event of a fire, the direction of expansion of the intumescent composite is controlled by the restraining laycr, so that the holes are filled and an effective fire barrier is provided.
Rroadly stated, according to a first broad aspect of the present invention there is provided a flexible intumescent composite for use in sealing penetrations through walls, floors, partitions and ceilings comprising a layer of intumescent sheet material at least one major exterior surface of said in-tumescent sheet material having a restraining layer laminated thereto, said intumescent material being capable of expansion when subjected to elevated temperatures, and wherein said restraining layer (a) will not decompose or soften before the underlying intumescent sheet material has had a chance to expand; (b) has sufficient tensile strength to resist tearing during expansion of the intumescent sheet material; and (c) is bondable to the underlying intumes-cent sheet and resists delamination throughout the expansion process; when said composite is subjected to temperatures over about 110C, wherein said restrain-ing layer will withstand temperatures of about 150C before it begins to I ~ ~8969 soften or degrade, and wherein said intumescent composite has sufficient flex-ibility to allow said intumescent composite to be helically wrapped so as to fit into cylindrical penetrations or be wrapped around cable trays.
According to a second broad aspect of the invention, there is pro-vided a method of controlling the expansion direction of an intumescent sheet material when said material is subjected to elevated temperatures comprising laminating at least one major exterior surface of said sheet of intumescent material with a restraining layer which (a) will not decompose or soften before the underlying intumescent s:heet material has had a chance to expand; (b) has sufficient tensile strength to resist tearing during expansion of the intumes-cent sheet material; and (c) is bondable to the underlying intumescent sheet and resists delamination throughout the expansion process; when the composite of said intumescent sheet materi.al a.nd said restraining layer is subjected to temperatures over about 110C, and wherein said restraining layer will with-stand temperatures of about 150C before beginning to soften or degrade.
The invention will now be described in greater detail with reference to the accompanyi.ng drawings, in which:
Figure l is an enlarged sectional view of the intumescent composite of the present invention;
Figure 2 is an exploded perspective view of one embodiment of a fire barrier device using the intumescent composite of the present invention with parts thereof shown in section;
Figure 3 is an enlarged sectional view of one embodiment of the intumescent composite of the present invention;
Figure 4 is an enlarged sectional view of a disc comprising intumes-cent sheet material coated with a nonrestraining layer;
Figure 5 is an enlarged sectional view of the disc of Figure 4, after ,. .~
~ 1 6 ~)? ~3 6 9 it has intumesced;
Figure 6 is an enlarged sectional view of a disc comprising the in-tumescent composite of the present invention; and Figure 7 is an enlarged sectional view of the disc of Figure G, after it has intumesced.
Referring now more particularly to the drawings, the composite, in its simplest form, cornprises a sheet 11 of intumescent material with a restrain-ing layer 12 laminated thereto. The preferred intumescent sheet material 11 is a flexible heat-expanding, fire retardant composition comprising an intumes-cent component in granular form such as hydrated alkali metal silicate~ an organic binder component, an organic char-forming component such as phenolic resin and fillers. Such a composition is disclosed in above-mentioned Canadian Patent No. 1,118,948. This composition is a flexible rubbery material in its unexpanded state, but once subjected to temperatures on the order of 110C.
and higher, intumesces up to 10 times its original volume and becomes a rigid char which is capable of sealing penetrations in which it is contained against the passage of smoke, vapors and water. Of course, other intumescent materials such as Palusol ~9commercially available from BASF, and expantrol ~ commer-cially available from the 3M Co., can be satisfactorily utilized and fall with-in the scope of the present invention.
The following requirements for the restraining layer 12 have been determined:
-3a-1 3 ~969 (1) it should not decompose or soften before the underlying intumescent sheet material has had a chance to expand, i.e., it should withstand temperatures of about 150C. before it begins to soften or degrade;
(2) it should have sufficient tensile strength to resist tearing during expansion of the intumescent sheet material; and
(3) it should be bondable to the underlying intumescent sheet and resist delamination throughout the expansion process.
Restraining layer materials that meet the above criteria include metal foils, sheets, and screens made from aluminum, copper, steel, and lead; heavy paper and cardboard such as Kraft-type paper; high temperature rubber and plastic sheets such as are made from silicones and epoxies; screen and cloth made from inorganic fibers such as fiberglass, and high temperature organic fibers such as aramid.
Bonding of the restraining layer to the intumescent sheet material is preferably accomplished by laminating the restraining layer to the intumescent sheet prior to vulcanization of the preferred rubbery intumescent material. Vulcanization of the restrained ~5 intumescent composite results in a strong bond being formed between the restraining layer and the intumescent sheet. Alternatively, certain cements and adhesives which have adhesive-softening points above the temperature at which the intumescent material expands, can be satisfac-torily utilized. Exemplary cements and adhesives include those made from silicones and epoxies.
To demonstrate the effectiveness of the restraining layer in directionalizing the expansion of the 1 1 6896~
intumescent sheetl the following tests were run and are illustrated in Figures
Restraining layer materials that meet the above criteria include metal foils, sheets, and screens made from aluminum, copper, steel, and lead; heavy paper and cardboard such as Kraft-type paper; high temperature rubber and plastic sheets such as are made from silicones and epoxies; screen and cloth made from inorganic fibers such as fiberglass, and high temperature organic fibers such as aramid.
Bonding of the restraining layer to the intumescent sheet material is preferably accomplished by laminating the restraining layer to the intumescent sheet prior to vulcanization of the preferred rubbery intumescent material. Vulcanization of the restrained ~5 intumescent composite results in a strong bond being formed between the restraining layer and the intumescent sheet. Alternatively, certain cements and adhesives which have adhesive-softening points above the temperature at which the intumescent material expands, can be satisfac-torily utilized. Exemplary cements and adhesives include those made from silicones and epoxies.
To demonstrate the effectiveness of the restraining layer in directionalizing the expansion of the 1 1 6896~
intumescent sheetl the following tests were run and are illustrated in Figures
4-7.
Discs were made of 6.35 mm thick intumescent sheet material prepared according to above-mentioned Canadian Patent No. 1,118,948. The intumescent sheet material comprised about 25 percent by weight polychloroprene commer-cially available as Neoprene~ W from DuPont, about 56 percent by weight hydrous sodium polysilicate commercially available as "Britesil~H24" from Philadelphia Quartz Co., about 11 percent by weight phenolformaldehyde commercially avail-able as "Varcum~ 5485" from Reichhold Chem. Co., and about 8 percent by weight silica commercially available as "Min-U-Sil~" from Pennsylvania Sand and Glass Co., which had been compounded in a Banbury mixer, milled together to a flexible rubbery composition, and sheeted out. Each disc was 50.8 mm in outside dia-meter and a 10.2 mm diameter center hole 16 was cut in each. The intumescent disc in Figure 4 was vulcanization bonded, i.e., bonded during the vulcaniza-tion process, on both sides with a 0.127 mm Neoprene6~ rubber coating 15. This rubber coating is nonrestraining, since it softens in the same temperature range as the intumescent sheet. The intumescent disc in Figure 6 was vulcanization bonded on both sides with a restraining layer of 0.064 mm aluminum foil 12.
Both discs were expanded at 350C for 15 minutes in an air oven. Ihe overall volumetric expansion for the disc of Figure 4, illustrated after expansion in Figure 5, was 10.3X. The corresponding amount of expansion for the disc of Figure 6, illustrated after expansion in Figure 7, was 9.3X. The expanded char shown in Figure 5, intumesced substantially uniformly in all directions from its unexpanded state shown in Figure 4. However, quite dramatically, the expanded char shown in Figure 7, which had been restrained with a vulcanization bonded layer of aluminum foil 12, completely closed off the hole 16 and expanded substantially in the direction perpendicular to the restraining layer. Expan-``
1 ~ 689~9 sion in a direction perpendicular to the restraining layer was 4.5X for therestrained composite as opposed to 2.7X for the unrestrained composite. These tests illustrate that the restraining layer 12 was quite effective in direc-tionalizing the expansion of the intumescent composite, enabling the punched hole to be filled. These tests also illustrate that the restrained intumescent composite, when fired, expands substantially in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the restraining layer.
Applicants have unexpectedly found that when the restrained intumes-cent composite structure of the present invention is heated or burned at a temperature greater than about 110C expansion occurs in a controlled, direction-alized manner. During heating the intumescent composite becomes soft and the gas generated in the intumescent process expands the composite. While Appli-cants do not wish to be bound by any theory, it is thought that the restraining layer 11 prevents gas passage and forces the gas in the intumescing composite to be relieved two dimensionally, i.e., perpendicularly to the restraining layer rather than expanding isotropically as would be the case with an unrest-rained intumescent sheet.
A particularly preferred use of the composite of the present invention is illustrated in Figure 2.
6 ~.~
Referring now more part~cularly to ~igu~e ~, intumescent composite 13 is a flat sheet of intumescent material 11 having a restraining layer 12 such as that disclosed by the present invention laminated to one side, and an elastomeric material 15 such as Neoprene~ rubber coated on the other side. The elastomeric coating need not be a restraining layer and is utilized to reduce degradation of the intumescent sheet material by moisture.
Composite 13 is cut into a parallelogram configuration and helically wrapped to form a sleeve which conforms to the interior of the cylindrical penetration 10. A
partition 17 is provided in the device of Figure 2 and comprises intumescent material 11 having a restraining layer 12 laminated to both sides. The expansion direction of the intumescent composite is effectively controlled by restraining layer 12. E`or example, upon exposure to temperatures of above about 110C., composite 13 and partition 17 expand substantially perpendicular to the plane of restraining layer 12 such that the interior of penetration 1~ is ~illed with thc expanded composite.
In certain industrial and utility plants, especially nuclear power plants, it is necessary to fire protect power and process control cables used in running the plant. For example, nuclear power plants require redundant sets of control cables carried in cable trays, and each set of control cables must be individually protected for one hour so that the cables do not short out in the event of a fire. Present systems utilize ceramic fibers or refractory boards t:o insulate the cable trays~
When these products are used to wrap a tray, they trap the heat generated in the cables making it necessary to derate (lower the amperage of) the cables. Use of the composite of the present invention as an enclosure for cable trays reduces the degree to which it is necessary to derate the cables. A layer of the composite 13 with small holes 16 in it, as illustrated in Figure 3, can be wrapped around a f :~ 68!~6~
tray and allows for free circulation of cooling air, thus avoiding severe derating problems. In the event of a fire, the holes 16 are quickly sealed off by the expanding char since the char is generated in a direction ~o as to fill the punched holes. The composite illustrated in Figure 3, has a nonrestraining elastomeric layer 15 on one side to reduce degradation of the intumescent sheet material 11 by moisture, and a restrainin~ layer 12 laminated to the other side. When the composite is wrapped around a cable tray, the elastomeric layer is closest to the tray and the restrained layer is on the exterior of the wrapped cable tray.
The following example illustrates the effectiveness of the restraining layer in directionalizing the expansion of the intumescent sheet.
Example 1 4.06 mm thick intumescent sheet material was prepared and divided into four lots.
The intumescent sheet material comprised about 25 percent by weight polychloroprene commercially available as Neoprene~ W from DuPont, about 56 percent by weight hydrous sodium polysilicate commercially available as "Britesil H24" from Philadelphia Quartz Co., about 11 percent by weight phenolformaldehyde commercially available as "Varcum 5485" from Reichhold Chem. Co., and about 8 percent by weight silica commercially available as "Min-U-Sil" from Pennsylvania Sand and Glass Co., which had been compounded in a Banbury mixer, milled to~ether to a flexible rubbery composition, and sheeted out. In each lot a different layer was bonded to ~he sheet. In the first lot, a nonrestraining layer oE 0.127 mm Neoprene~
rubber was laminated and heat (vulcanization) bonded to both sides of the 4.06 mm thick intumescent sheet. In the second lot a restraining layer of 0.25 mm thick Yorkite~
~ 1 6R969 paper was laminated and heat (vulcanization) bonded to both sides of the intumescent sheet. In the third lot, a restraining layer of 0.025 mm aluminum foil was heat bonded to both sides of the intumescent sheet. The fourth lot had a restraining layer of 0~064 mm aluminum foil heat bonded to both sides. From each lot five partitions were cut, 114 x 178 rnm in size. The five partitions from each lot were fit into a rectangular penetration, 102 x 114 mm, cut into a 127 mm thick concrete slab. The 114 mm length of each partition was inserted parallel to the 114 mm side of the concrete opening and the five partitions divided the penetration into six equal parts. Nine 6.35 mm diameter cables were run through the device between the partitions. The concrete slab was placed upon a gas fired kiln and the device heated to 927C in approximately one hour. Temperature measurements were made of the furnace temperature and the temperature at the center of the penetration at the concrete level. All four lots were tested in the above manner. Results are shown in Table 1 and clearly indicate the superiority of the intumescent sheet laminated with a restraining layer as herein defined.
Table 1 Temperature Percent 1 hour tC)Penetration Number Laminated Layer Furnace Surface Filled 1 Neoprene~ 927 127 60 2 Yorkite~ paper 927 35 95 3 0.025 mm Aluminum 927 21 99 4 0.064 mm Aluminum 927 71 95
Discs were made of 6.35 mm thick intumescent sheet material prepared according to above-mentioned Canadian Patent No. 1,118,948. The intumescent sheet material comprised about 25 percent by weight polychloroprene commer-cially available as Neoprene~ W from DuPont, about 56 percent by weight hydrous sodium polysilicate commercially available as "Britesil~H24" from Philadelphia Quartz Co., about 11 percent by weight phenolformaldehyde commercially avail-able as "Varcum~ 5485" from Reichhold Chem. Co., and about 8 percent by weight silica commercially available as "Min-U-Sil~" from Pennsylvania Sand and Glass Co., which had been compounded in a Banbury mixer, milled together to a flexible rubbery composition, and sheeted out. Each disc was 50.8 mm in outside dia-meter and a 10.2 mm diameter center hole 16 was cut in each. The intumescent disc in Figure 4 was vulcanization bonded, i.e., bonded during the vulcaniza-tion process, on both sides with a 0.127 mm Neoprene6~ rubber coating 15. This rubber coating is nonrestraining, since it softens in the same temperature range as the intumescent sheet. The intumescent disc in Figure 6 was vulcanization bonded on both sides with a restraining layer of 0.064 mm aluminum foil 12.
Both discs were expanded at 350C for 15 minutes in an air oven. Ihe overall volumetric expansion for the disc of Figure 4, illustrated after expansion in Figure 5, was 10.3X. The corresponding amount of expansion for the disc of Figure 6, illustrated after expansion in Figure 7, was 9.3X. The expanded char shown in Figure 5, intumesced substantially uniformly in all directions from its unexpanded state shown in Figure 4. However, quite dramatically, the expanded char shown in Figure 7, which had been restrained with a vulcanization bonded layer of aluminum foil 12, completely closed off the hole 16 and expanded substantially in the direction perpendicular to the restraining layer. Expan-``
1 ~ 689~9 sion in a direction perpendicular to the restraining layer was 4.5X for therestrained composite as opposed to 2.7X for the unrestrained composite. These tests illustrate that the restraining layer 12 was quite effective in direc-tionalizing the expansion of the intumescent composite, enabling the punched hole to be filled. These tests also illustrate that the restrained intumescent composite, when fired, expands substantially in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the restraining layer.
Applicants have unexpectedly found that when the restrained intumes-cent composite structure of the present invention is heated or burned at a temperature greater than about 110C expansion occurs in a controlled, direction-alized manner. During heating the intumescent composite becomes soft and the gas generated in the intumescent process expands the composite. While Appli-cants do not wish to be bound by any theory, it is thought that the restraining layer 11 prevents gas passage and forces the gas in the intumescing composite to be relieved two dimensionally, i.e., perpendicularly to the restraining layer rather than expanding isotropically as would be the case with an unrest-rained intumescent sheet.
A particularly preferred use of the composite of the present invention is illustrated in Figure 2.
6 ~.~
Referring now more part~cularly to ~igu~e ~, intumescent composite 13 is a flat sheet of intumescent material 11 having a restraining layer 12 such as that disclosed by the present invention laminated to one side, and an elastomeric material 15 such as Neoprene~ rubber coated on the other side. The elastomeric coating need not be a restraining layer and is utilized to reduce degradation of the intumescent sheet material by moisture.
Composite 13 is cut into a parallelogram configuration and helically wrapped to form a sleeve which conforms to the interior of the cylindrical penetration 10. A
partition 17 is provided in the device of Figure 2 and comprises intumescent material 11 having a restraining layer 12 laminated to both sides. The expansion direction of the intumescent composite is effectively controlled by restraining layer 12. E`or example, upon exposure to temperatures of above about 110C., composite 13 and partition 17 expand substantially perpendicular to the plane of restraining layer 12 such that the interior of penetration 1~ is ~illed with thc expanded composite.
In certain industrial and utility plants, especially nuclear power plants, it is necessary to fire protect power and process control cables used in running the plant. For example, nuclear power plants require redundant sets of control cables carried in cable trays, and each set of control cables must be individually protected for one hour so that the cables do not short out in the event of a fire. Present systems utilize ceramic fibers or refractory boards t:o insulate the cable trays~
When these products are used to wrap a tray, they trap the heat generated in the cables making it necessary to derate (lower the amperage of) the cables. Use of the composite of the present invention as an enclosure for cable trays reduces the degree to which it is necessary to derate the cables. A layer of the composite 13 with small holes 16 in it, as illustrated in Figure 3, can be wrapped around a f :~ 68!~6~
tray and allows for free circulation of cooling air, thus avoiding severe derating problems. In the event of a fire, the holes 16 are quickly sealed off by the expanding char since the char is generated in a direction ~o as to fill the punched holes. The composite illustrated in Figure 3, has a nonrestraining elastomeric layer 15 on one side to reduce degradation of the intumescent sheet material 11 by moisture, and a restrainin~ layer 12 laminated to the other side. When the composite is wrapped around a cable tray, the elastomeric layer is closest to the tray and the restrained layer is on the exterior of the wrapped cable tray.
The following example illustrates the effectiveness of the restraining layer in directionalizing the expansion of the intumescent sheet.
Example 1 4.06 mm thick intumescent sheet material was prepared and divided into four lots.
The intumescent sheet material comprised about 25 percent by weight polychloroprene commercially available as Neoprene~ W from DuPont, about 56 percent by weight hydrous sodium polysilicate commercially available as "Britesil H24" from Philadelphia Quartz Co., about 11 percent by weight phenolformaldehyde commercially available as "Varcum 5485" from Reichhold Chem. Co., and about 8 percent by weight silica commercially available as "Min-U-Sil" from Pennsylvania Sand and Glass Co., which had been compounded in a Banbury mixer, milled to~ether to a flexible rubbery composition, and sheeted out. In each lot a different layer was bonded to ~he sheet. In the first lot, a nonrestraining layer oE 0.127 mm Neoprene~
rubber was laminated and heat (vulcanization) bonded to both sides of the 4.06 mm thick intumescent sheet. In the second lot a restraining layer of 0.25 mm thick Yorkite~
~ 1 6R969 paper was laminated and heat (vulcanization) bonded to both sides of the intumescent sheet. In the third lot, a restraining layer of 0.025 mm aluminum foil was heat bonded to both sides of the intumescent sheet. The fourth lot had a restraining layer of 0~064 mm aluminum foil heat bonded to both sides. From each lot five partitions were cut, 114 x 178 rnm in size. The five partitions from each lot were fit into a rectangular penetration, 102 x 114 mm, cut into a 127 mm thick concrete slab. The 114 mm length of each partition was inserted parallel to the 114 mm side of the concrete opening and the five partitions divided the penetration into six equal parts. Nine 6.35 mm diameter cables were run through the device between the partitions. The concrete slab was placed upon a gas fired kiln and the device heated to 927C in approximately one hour. Temperature measurements were made of the furnace temperature and the temperature at the center of the penetration at the concrete level. All four lots were tested in the above manner. Results are shown in Table 1 and clearly indicate the superiority of the intumescent sheet laminated with a restraining layer as herein defined.
Table 1 Temperature Percent 1 hour tC)Penetration Number Laminated Layer Furnace Surface Filled 1 Neoprene~ 927 127 60 2 Yorkite~ paper 927 35 95 3 0.025 mm Aluminum 927 21 99 4 0.064 mm Aluminum 927 71 95
Claims (6)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A flexible intumescent composite for use in sealing penetrations through walls, floors, partitions and ceilings comprising a layer of intumescent sheet material at least one major exterior surface of said intumescent sheet material having a restraining layer laminated thereto, said intumescent material being capable of expansion when subjected to elevated temperatures, and wherein said restraining layer (a) will not decompose or soften before the underlying intumescent sheet material has had a chance to expand; (b) has sufficient tensile strength to resist tearing during expansion of the intumescent sheet material; and (c) is bondable to the underlying intumescent sheet and resists delamination throughout the expansion process; when said composite is subjec-ted to temperatures over about 100°C, wherein said restraining layer will withstand temperatures of about 150°C before it begins to soften or degrade, and wherein said intumescent composite has sufficient flexibility to allow said intumescent composite to be helically wrapped so as to fit into cylindrical penetrations or be wrapped around cable trays.
2. The composite of claim l wherein said restraining layer is a material selected from the group consisting of metal foils, heavy paper, cardboard, high temperature rubber, high temperature plastic, and inorganic fibers.
3. The composite of claim 1 wherein said intumescent material comprises a hydrated alkali metal silicate intumescent component.
4. The composite of claim 1 wherein said composite has a plurality of small holes punched therethrough.
5. An intumescent enclosure for cable trays comprising the intumescent composite of claim 4 wrapped around said cable tray.
6. A method of controlling the expansion direction of an intumescent sheet material when said material is subjected to elevated temperatures com-prising laminating at least one major exterior surface of said sheet of intumes-cent material with a restraining layer which (a) will not decompose or soften before the underlying intumescent sheet material has had a chance to expand;
(b) has sufficient tensile strength to resist tearing during expansion of the intumescent sheet material; and (c) is bondable to the underlying intumescent sheet and resists delamination throughout the expansion process; when the composite of said intumescent sheet material and said restraining layer is sub-jected to temperatures over about 110°C, and wherein said restraining layer will withstand temperatures of about 150°C before beginning to soften or degrade.
(b) has sufficient tensile strength to resist tearing during expansion of the intumescent sheet material; and (c) is bondable to the underlying intumescent sheet and resists delamination throughout the expansion process; when the composite of said intumescent sheet material and said restraining layer is sub-jected to temperatures over about 110°C, and wherein said restraining layer will withstand temperatures of about 150°C before beginning to soften or degrade.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US15445580A | 1980-05-29 | 1980-05-29 | |
| US154,455 | 1980-05-29 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1168969A true CA1168969A (en) | 1984-06-12 |
Family
ID=22551426
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000377485A Expired CA1168969A (en) | 1980-05-29 | 1981-05-13 | Intumescent fire barrier material laminated with restraining layer |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5722772A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1168969A (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4521333A (en) * | 1983-06-20 | 1985-06-04 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Intumescent silicates having improved stability |
| JPH0646182Y2 (en) * | 1986-07-31 | 1994-11-24 | タツタ電線株式会社 | Fireproof airtight floor penetrations for electric wires and cables |
| JPH0826892B2 (en) * | 1986-08-20 | 1996-03-21 | 大豊工業株式会社 | Plain bearing |
| JP3181846U (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2013-02-21 | 上▲豊▼化▲学▼建材股▲分▼有限公司 | Embedded fire spread prevention system |
| JP6397333B2 (en) * | 2013-09-19 | 2018-10-03 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | Thermally expandable elongate member that can be disposed in through hole of fire prevention compartment, method for forming fire prevention structure of compartment penetration, and fire prevention structure of compartment penetration |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5434231Y2 (en) * | 1974-05-20 | 1979-10-19 | ||
| JPS546399A (en) * | 1977-06-16 | 1979-01-18 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Method of fire-proof construction |
-
1981
- 1981-05-13 CA CA000377485A patent/CA1168969A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-05-28 JP JP8179581A patent/JPS5722772A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0234621B2 (en) | 1990-08-06 |
| JPS5722772A (en) | 1982-02-05 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |