CA1166529A - Articles protected against corrosion and method for protecting articles against corrosion - Google Patents
Articles protected against corrosion and method for protecting articles against corrosionInfo
- Publication number
- CA1166529A CA1166529A CA000381549A CA381549A CA1166529A CA 1166529 A CA1166529 A CA 1166529A CA 000381549 A CA000381549 A CA 000381549A CA 381549 A CA381549 A CA 381549A CA 1166529 A CA1166529 A CA 1166529A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- particles
- article
- steel
- matrix
- composite material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004210 cathodic protection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000008030 superplasticizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 241001089723 Metaphycus omega Species 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000002435 tendon Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 9
- WURBVZBTWMNKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1C(C(=O)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 WURBVZBTWMNKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 e.g. Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002301 combined effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- WKBPZYKAUNRMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl]1,2,4-triazole Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=1C(CCC)CN1C=NC=N1 WKBPZYKAUNRMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000270276 Natrix Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052849 andalusite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001602 chrysoberyl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- QZVSYHUREAVHQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diberyllium;silicate Chemical compound [Be+2].[Be+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] QZVSYHUREAVHQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- NDDAHWYSQHTHNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N indapamide Chemical compound CC1CC2=CC=CC=C2N1NC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C(S(N)(=O)=O)=C1 NDDAHWYSQHTHNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052865 lawsonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006072 paste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052854 staurolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011031 topaz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052853 topaz Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052613 tourmaline Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011032 tourmaline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940070527 tourmaline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
- C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
- C09D1/06—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances cement
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F2201/00—Type of materials to be protected by cathodic protection
- C23F2201/02—Concrete, e.g. reinforced
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK303080 | 1980-07-11 | ||
| DK3030/80 | 1980-07-11 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1166529A true CA1166529A (en) | 1984-05-01 |
Family
ID=8118337
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000381549A Expired CA1166529A (en) | 1980-07-11 | 1981-07-10 | Articles protected against corrosion and method for protecting articles against corrosion |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4515861A (esLanguage) |
| EP (1) | EP0044036A1 (esLanguage) |
| JP (1) | JPH0243697B2 (esLanguage) |
| AU (1) | AU7375581A (esLanguage) |
| BR (1) | BR8108691A (esLanguage) |
| CA (1) | CA1166529A (esLanguage) |
| MX (1) | MX156162A (esLanguage) |
| NO (1) | NO820765L (esLanguage) |
| WO (1) | WO1982000302A1 (esLanguage) |
| ZA (1) | ZA814631B (esLanguage) |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT1200142B (it) * | 1985-11-08 | 1989-01-05 | Modern Advanced Concrete | Metodo per migliorare la fluidificazione di impasti cementizi |
| US4722952A (en) * | 1986-05-09 | 1988-02-02 | Elkem A/S | Resin compositions |
| US4820196A (en) * | 1987-10-01 | 1989-04-11 | Unisys Corporation | Sealing of contact openings for conformally coated connectors for printed circuit board assemblies |
| WO1991012218A1 (en) * | 1990-02-09 | 1991-08-22 | Pioneer Supamix Limited | Composition for covering a substrate |
| AU7643794A (en) * | 1993-10-29 | 1995-05-22 | Union Oil Company Of California | Glass fiber reinforced cement liners for pipelines and casings |
| GB9412979D0 (en) * | 1994-06-28 | 1994-08-17 | Asw Ltd | Corrosion protection of steel reinforcement in concrete |
| US6719009B1 (en) | 2001-02-23 | 2004-04-13 | Schwing America, Inc. | Composite material piping system |
| US6786233B1 (en) * | 2001-02-23 | 2004-09-07 | Schwing America, Inc. | Boom utilizing composite material construction |
| US6755212B1 (en) | 2001-02-23 | 2004-06-29 | Schwing America, Inc. | Boom stiffening system |
| US6698451B2 (en) | 2001-02-23 | 2004-03-02 | Schwing America, Inc. | Conveying pipeline mounted inside a boom |
| US20030010426A1 (en) * | 2001-07-11 | 2003-01-16 | Lockwood James D. | Method for increasing structural capacity of towers |
| US20030207103A1 (en) * | 2002-05-03 | 2003-11-06 | Zvosec Charles M. | System and method for protecting surfaces against corrosive compounds |
| GB0212687D0 (en) * | 2002-05-31 | 2002-07-10 | Composhield As | Reinforced composite panel |
| US20080155827A1 (en) * | 2004-09-20 | 2008-07-03 | Fyfe Edward R | Method for repairing metal structure |
| DE102005036243A1 (de) * | 2005-08-02 | 2007-02-08 | Wilhelm Karmann Gmbh | Herstellung von Cabriolet-Dächern |
| US8461473B2 (en) * | 2008-10-27 | 2013-06-11 | Wpw, Llc | External corrosion protection for underground pipes |
| US9556076B2 (en) | 2011-11-02 | 2017-01-31 | Empire Technology Development Llc | Salt resistant cement |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2890157A (en) * | 1959-06-09 | Method of protecting cells | ||
| DE918859C (de) * | 1951-04-17 | 1954-10-07 | Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag | Verbesserung des elektrischen Leitwiderstandes von Formkoerpern aus Beton, insbesondere von Eisenbahnschwellen aus Stahlbeton |
| JPS5331888B1 (esLanguage) * | 1969-09-09 | 1978-09-05 | ||
| US4310486A (en) * | 1976-01-16 | 1982-01-12 | Cornwell Charles E | Compositions of cementitious mortar, grout and concrete |
| US4036659A (en) * | 1976-03-01 | 1977-07-19 | The Dow Chemical Company | Cement composition |
| US4028125A (en) * | 1976-03-25 | 1977-06-07 | The Dow Chemical Company | Cement composition |
| AT354215B (de) * | 1976-05-11 | 1979-12-27 | Lechler Chemie Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von korrosionsschutzschichten |
| US4255241A (en) * | 1979-05-10 | 1981-03-10 | Kroon David H | Cathodic protection apparatus and method for steel reinforced concrete structures |
-
1981
- 1981-07-08 JP JP56502573A patent/JPH0243697B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1981-07-08 EP EP81105310A patent/EP0044036A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1981-07-08 BR BR8108691A patent/BR8108691A/pt unknown
- 1981-07-08 ZA ZA814631A patent/ZA814631B/xx unknown
- 1981-07-08 AU AU73755/81A patent/AU7375581A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1981-07-08 US US06/359,658 patent/US4515861A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1981-07-08 WO PCT/DK1981/000069 patent/WO1982000302A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1981-07-10 CA CA000381549A patent/CA1166529A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-07-13 MX MX188268A patent/MX156162A/es unknown
-
1982
- 1982-03-10 NO NO820765A patent/NO820765L/no unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0243697B2 (esLanguage) | 1990-10-01 |
| AU7375581A (en) | 1982-02-16 |
| NO820765L (no) | 1982-03-10 |
| JPS57500977A (esLanguage) | 1982-06-03 |
| WO1982000302A1 (en) | 1982-02-04 |
| US4515861A (en) | 1985-05-07 |
| ZA814631B (en) | 1982-08-25 |
| BR8108691A (pt) | 1982-06-01 |
| EP0044036A1 (en) | 1982-01-20 |
| MX156162A (es) | 1988-07-19 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |