CA1165163A - Blended toners including styrene/n-butyl methacrylate copolymer and cyan, magenta and yellow colorants - Google Patents
Blended toners including styrene/n-butyl methacrylate copolymer and cyan, magenta and yellow colorantsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1165163A CA1165163A CA000360933A CA360933A CA1165163A CA 1165163 A CA1165163 A CA 1165163A CA 000360933 A CA000360933 A CA 000360933A CA 360933 A CA360933 A CA 360933A CA 1165163 A CA1165163 A CA 1165163A
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- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- styrene
- percent
- butyl methacrylate
- yellow
- resin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/09—Colouring agents for toner particles
- G03G9/0906—Organic dyes
- G03G9/092—Quinacridones
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/09—Colouring agents for toner particles
- G03G9/0906—Organic dyes
- G03G9/0908—Anthracene dyes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/09—Colouring agents for toner particles
- G03G9/0906—Organic dyes
- G03G9/091—Azo dyes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/09—Colouring agents for toner particles
- G03G9/0906—Organic dyes
- G03G9/0918—Phthalocyanine dyes
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
This invention is directed to a developer composition comprised of a resin, a colorant such as cyan, magenta, yellow, or mixtures thereof, and a single carrier. In one embodiment there is combined with a single carrier material, such as a steel carrier or a nickel berry carrier, a cyan toner, such as a styrene/n-butyl methacrylate resin, and copper tetra-4-(octadecylsulfon-mido) phthalocyanine, a magenta toner material comprised of styrene/n-butyl methacrylate copolymer resin and 2,9-dimethyl substituted quinacridone, and/or a yellow toner material comprised of styrene/n-butyl-methacrylate copolymer resin and a diarylide yellow 3,3-dichlorobenzidene aceto acetanil-ide. The developer composition is useful for developing color images in an electrophotographic imaging system. In this system a photoreceptor material contained therein is charged, imagewise exposed, followed by development, transfer of the developed image to a suitable substrate such as paper, and permanently fixing the developed image, by heat for example, to the substrate.
This invention is directed to a developer composition comprised of a resin, a colorant such as cyan, magenta, yellow, or mixtures thereof, and a single carrier. In one embodiment there is combined with a single carrier material, such as a steel carrier or a nickel berry carrier, a cyan toner, such as a styrene/n-butyl methacrylate resin, and copper tetra-4-(octadecylsulfon-mido) phthalocyanine, a magenta toner material comprised of styrene/n-butyl methacrylate copolymer resin and 2,9-dimethyl substituted quinacridone, and/or a yellow toner material comprised of styrene/n-butyl-methacrylate copolymer resin and a diarylide yellow 3,3-dichlorobenzidene aceto acetanil-ide. The developer composition is useful for developing color images in an electrophotographic imaging system. In this system a photoreceptor material contained therein is charged, imagewise exposed, followed by development, transfer of the developed image to a suitable substrate such as paper, and permanently fixing the developed image, by heat for example, to the substrate.
Description
BLENDED TONERS POR FUNCTION AL (~OLOR
lhis invention relates generally to color electrophotography, and more specifically to the use of a series of toners which are prepared by 5 blending different amounts of the subtractive primary toners in order to obtain a choice of colors using a single pass electrophotographic system, preferably a xerographic system.
The formation and developrnent of images in an electrophoto-graphic system, and more specifically a xerographic system is well known as described, for example, in U.S. Patent 2,297,691. In such systems, several methods are used for applying the electroscopic particles or toner to the latentelectrostatic image to be developed, such methods including cascade develop-ment, U.S~ Patent 2,61X,552; magnetic brush development, U.S. Patent
lhis invention relates generally to color electrophotography, and more specifically to the use of a series of toners which are prepared by 5 blending different amounts of the subtractive primary toners in order to obtain a choice of colors using a single pass electrophotographic system, preferably a xerographic system.
The formation and developrnent of images in an electrophoto-graphic system, and more specifically a xerographic system is well known as described, for example, in U.S. Patent 2,297,691. In such systems, several methods are used for applying the electroscopic particles or toner to the latentelectrostatic image to be developed, such methods including cascade develop-ment, U.S~ Patent 2,61X,552; magnetic brush development, U.S. Patent
2,874,063; powder cloud development, U.S. Patent 2,221,776; touchdown development, U.S~ Patent 3,166,432 and the like. Generally, the toners used in these types of systems result in the production of blaclc images.
Recently there has been developed processes and materials for use in the formation of color images. Electrophotographic color systems are generally based on trichromatic color synthesis, such as the substractive color formation types. Accordingly, in electrophotographic color systems, toner or developing particles of at least three different colors are employed to synthesize any desired color. Generally, at least three color separation images are formed and the combined images register with each other to form a colored reproduction of a full colored original. ~ color xerography as described, for example, in Dessauer U.S. Patent 2,962,374, at least three latent electrostatic images are formed ~y exposing a xerographic plate to dif~erent opticQl color separa~ion images. Each of the latent electrostatic images is developed with a different color toner and subsequently the three toner images are combined to form the final full color image. This combination of three color toner images is generally made on a copy sheet such as paper to which the toner images are permanently affixed. 5:~ne of the most common techniques for fixing these toner images to the paper copy sheet is by employing a resin toner which includes a colorant, and heat fixing the toner images to this copy sheet. Images may also be fixed by other techniques such as, for example, subjecting them to a solvent vapor.
In one known process an electrostatic latent image is exposed .~ ~
through a green filter to an imagewise projection of a color image to form an electrostatic latent image on the photoreceptor. This electrostatic latent image ls then develope~ with the complimentary magenta color toner to form a magenta colored image corresponding to said electrostatic latent image and 5 transferred in register to an image receiving member. The photoreceptor is then electrostatically charged uniforrmly in the dark and exposed through a red filter to an imagewise prcjection of a color image in register with said magenta developed image to form a second electrostatic latent image which second image is developed with ~e complimentary cyan-colored toner and 10 likewise transferred in register. The photoconductor is again electrostatically uniformly charged in the dark and then exposed through a blue filter to an imagewise projection of a color image in register with said magenta and cyan developed images to form a third electrostatic latent image which is then developed wlth the complimentary yellow toner and again transferred in 15 register. The sequence of exposures through colored filters in this multiple development process may be performed in any suitable sequence other than the green, red and blue mentioned.
In these systems one important aspect resides in registration of the color toner image on the copy sheet, that is, the cyan, magenta, and yellow 20 image should be in registration on the receiving member.
Generally, each developer used comprises a toner or resin colored mixture in combination with an appropriate carrier. The toners used must possess the appropriate color and continue to function under machine conditions which expose the developer to impaction and humidity among other 25 undesirable factors. A three color system that has been well known and used in the past includes pigments of suitable cyan, magenta and yellow materials~
One of the problems asso~iated with the prior art processes is that it is necessary to use multiple passes, that is, three steps ;n development with threedifferent colors, which can become cumbersome, uneconomical and slow.
30 Other disadvantages of the prior art processes include the requirements that,(1) the pho~oreceptor be panchromatic, (2) the development response of each of the three toner developers be constant with usage, and ~3) the transfer of the three different developed images be constant.
Also it is known in the prior art that the three color layers can be 35 coated one on top of the other, the first layer being the magenta layer, the second being the cyan layer and the third being the yellow layer. Each 1 6 ~ 3 suhstractive color transmi-ts two thirds of the spectrum and absorbs one third. The combination of cyan, magenta and yellow layers appears black, while the combination of magenta and yellow layers appears red, the combination of magenta and cyan 5 layers appears blue and the combination of yellow and cyan layers appears green.
The present invention is directed to a developer composition comprised of a resin, colorant or pigment, and a single carrier.
Generally, there is combined with the single carrier an appropriate ~lend of toners comprised of a cyan toner (resin and a cyan colorant or pigment), a magenta toner and/or a yellow toner and mixtures thereof. Various different blended toner combinations can be used as more fully illustrated hereinafter.
By toner in this context is meant a combination of resin and colorant or pigment. In one preferred embodiment the toners are blended by complete mixing, and a portion of the resultant mixture is then combined wlth the single carrier material.
Thus the present invention provides a developer composi-tion comprised of a blend of toner particles containing a styrene/n-butyl methacrylate copolymer resin, and the cyan colorant copper tetra-4-(octadecylsu:Lfonomido~phthalocyanine, a styrene/n-butyl methacrylate copolymer resin and the megenta colorant 2,9-dimethyl substituted quinacridone, a styrene/n-butyl methacrylate copolymer resin and the yellow colorant diaryldide 3,3-dichlorobenzidene aceto acetanilide, and an uncoated single steel carrier material.
In another aspect the invention provides a method for producing colored images utilizing a single pass xerographic imaging system which comprises charging the photoreceptor contained in the imaging system, followed by imagewise e~posure of said photoreceptor, which image is developed with the developer composition comprised of a blend of toner particles comprising a styrene/n-butyl methacrylate copolymer resin, and the cyan colorant copper tetra-4-(octadecylsulfonomido) phthalocyanine, a styrene/n-butyl methacrylate copolymer resin and the yellow colorant diaryldide 3~3-dichlorobenzidene aceto acetanilide, and an uncoated single steel carrier material.
~.' -3a- 1;165 163 .
Th~ amounts of ingredients uæd in the blended toner ~an vary substanti~lly, such ~mounts depending on ~he shade sf eolor desired.
Essenti~lly ~us any quantity, including the same amounts, or different amounts of cyan, magentR, and yellow materials can be used depending on the ~de of color desired. Accordingly, while there is no real preference as to the amounts of colorants uæd illustrRtive examples include the following:
App~oximateParts of Parts of Parts of Desired Col~rCyan Magenta Yellow ShadeB~Weight By Weight By Wei~
1. Yellowish Green 1 0 7 2. Orange 0 1 7
Recently there has been developed processes and materials for use in the formation of color images. Electrophotographic color systems are generally based on trichromatic color synthesis, such as the substractive color formation types. Accordingly, in electrophotographic color systems, toner or developing particles of at least three different colors are employed to synthesize any desired color. Generally, at least three color separation images are formed and the combined images register with each other to form a colored reproduction of a full colored original. ~ color xerography as described, for example, in Dessauer U.S. Patent 2,962,374, at least three latent electrostatic images are formed ~y exposing a xerographic plate to dif~erent opticQl color separa~ion images. Each of the latent electrostatic images is developed with a different color toner and subsequently the three toner images are combined to form the final full color image. This combination of three color toner images is generally made on a copy sheet such as paper to which the toner images are permanently affixed. 5:~ne of the most common techniques for fixing these toner images to the paper copy sheet is by employing a resin toner which includes a colorant, and heat fixing the toner images to this copy sheet. Images may also be fixed by other techniques such as, for example, subjecting them to a solvent vapor.
In one known process an electrostatic latent image is exposed .~ ~
through a green filter to an imagewise projection of a color image to form an electrostatic latent image on the photoreceptor. This electrostatic latent image ls then develope~ with the complimentary magenta color toner to form a magenta colored image corresponding to said electrostatic latent image and 5 transferred in register to an image receiving member. The photoreceptor is then electrostatically charged uniforrmly in the dark and exposed through a red filter to an imagewise prcjection of a color image in register with said magenta developed image to form a second electrostatic latent image which second image is developed with ~e complimentary cyan-colored toner and 10 likewise transferred in register. The photoconductor is again electrostatically uniformly charged in the dark and then exposed through a blue filter to an imagewise projection of a color image in register with said magenta and cyan developed images to form a third electrostatic latent image which is then developed wlth the complimentary yellow toner and again transferred in 15 register. The sequence of exposures through colored filters in this multiple development process may be performed in any suitable sequence other than the green, red and blue mentioned.
In these systems one important aspect resides in registration of the color toner image on the copy sheet, that is, the cyan, magenta, and yellow 20 image should be in registration on the receiving member.
Generally, each developer used comprises a toner or resin colored mixture in combination with an appropriate carrier. The toners used must possess the appropriate color and continue to function under machine conditions which expose the developer to impaction and humidity among other 25 undesirable factors. A three color system that has been well known and used in the past includes pigments of suitable cyan, magenta and yellow materials~
One of the problems asso~iated with the prior art processes is that it is necessary to use multiple passes, that is, three steps ;n development with threedifferent colors, which can become cumbersome, uneconomical and slow.
30 Other disadvantages of the prior art processes include the requirements that,(1) the pho~oreceptor be panchromatic, (2) the development response of each of the three toner developers be constant with usage, and ~3) the transfer of the three different developed images be constant.
Also it is known in the prior art that the three color layers can be 35 coated one on top of the other, the first layer being the magenta layer, the second being the cyan layer and the third being the yellow layer. Each 1 6 ~ 3 suhstractive color transmi-ts two thirds of the spectrum and absorbs one third. The combination of cyan, magenta and yellow layers appears black, while the combination of magenta and yellow layers appears red, the combination of magenta and cyan 5 layers appears blue and the combination of yellow and cyan layers appears green.
The present invention is directed to a developer composition comprised of a resin, colorant or pigment, and a single carrier.
Generally, there is combined with the single carrier an appropriate ~lend of toners comprised of a cyan toner (resin and a cyan colorant or pigment), a magenta toner and/or a yellow toner and mixtures thereof. Various different blended toner combinations can be used as more fully illustrated hereinafter.
By toner in this context is meant a combination of resin and colorant or pigment. In one preferred embodiment the toners are blended by complete mixing, and a portion of the resultant mixture is then combined wlth the single carrier material.
Thus the present invention provides a developer composi-tion comprised of a blend of toner particles containing a styrene/n-butyl methacrylate copolymer resin, and the cyan colorant copper tetra-4-(octadecylsu:Lfonomido~phthalocyanine, a styrene/n-butyl methacrylate copolymer resin and the megenta colorant 2,9-dimethyl substituted quinacridone, a styrene/n-butyl methacrylate copolymer resin and the yellow colorant diaryldide 3,3-dichlorobenzidene aceto acetanilide, and an uncoated single steel carrier material.
In another aspect the invention provides a method for producing colored images utilizing a single pass xerographic imaging system which comprises charging the photoreceptor contained in the imaging system, followed by imagewise e~posure of said photoreceptor, which image is developed with the developer composition comprised of a blend of toner particles comprising a styrene/n-butyl methacrylate copolymer resin, and the cyan colorant copper tetra-4-(octadecylsulfonomido) phthalocyanine, a styrene/n-butyl methacrylate copolymer resin and the yellow colorant diaryldide 3~3-dichlorobenzidene aceto acetanilide, and an uncoated single steel carrier material.
~.' -3a- 1;165 163 .
Th~ amounts of ingredients uæd in the blended toner ~an vary substanti~lly, such ~mounts depending on ~he shade sf eolor desired.
Essenti~lly ~us any quantity, including the same amounts, or different amounts of cyan, magentR, and yellow materials can be used depending on the ~de of color desired. Accordingly, while there is no real preference as to the amounts of colorants uæd illustrRtive examples include the following:
App~oximateParts of Parts of Parts of Desired Col~rCyan Magenta Yellow ShadeB~Weight By Weight By Wei~
1. Yellowish Green 1 0 7 2. Orange 0 1 7
3. Green 1 0 2
4. Blue Green 2 0 1
5. Chocolate Brown 1 2 2
6. Red 0
7. Blue 3 1 0
8. Red 0 2
9. Orange (Light) 0 1 2
10. Blue 1 1 0 The percentage of pigment, or colorant, and resin present in the toner ~Rn vary depending on many factors including the shade of toner desired, , ., . .- - - --~L ~ B5 ~ 6 3 generally, however, from about 1 percent to about 20 percent by weight, and preferably 5 to 12 percent by weight of colorant is present, and from about 80 percent to about 99 percent by weight, and preferably from 88 percent to 95 percent by weight of resin is present. It is not intended to be limited to the above amounts as greater and lesser amounts of colorants can be used such amounts effecting only the shade of color to be obtained.
The appropriate amounts of cyan, magenta, and yellow toners can be combined by any suitable method including for example simple known mixing and stirring methods~ One specific method employed for combining these materials involves the use of a twin shell mixing-blending apparatus at rotation rates of from about 30 to about 50 revolutions per minute, followed by filtering the resultant blend using a 44 micron sieve for the purpose of eliminating agglomerates. It is important to note that the method by which the materials are blended is not critical, however though complete mixing is desired so as to result in the production of a homogeneous mixture. In addition to twin shell mixing other types of mixing methods may be employed, including for example paint shaker mixing; Mumson mixing and the like.
Illustrative examples of magenta materials which may be used in the toner package include 2,9-dimethyl substituted quinacridone, an anthra-quinone dye identified in the Colour Index as CI 607109 CI Dispersed ~ed 15, a diazo dye identified in the Colour Index as CI 26050, CI Solvent Red 19, and thelike.
Illustrative examples of cyan rmaterials that may be used in the toner package include copper tetra-4-(octadecylsulfonomido) phthalocyanine, all X-copper phthalocyanine pigment listed in the Colour Index as CI 74160, CI
Pigment Blue 15, an indanthrene blue identified in the Colour Index as CI 69810,Special Blue X-2137, and the like.
Illustrative examples of yellow materials that may be used in the toner package include diarylide yellow 3,3-dichlorobenzidene aceto-acetanil-ide, a monoazo dye identified in the Colour Index as CI 1270û, CI Solvent Yellow 16, a nitrophenylaminesulfonamide identified in the Colour Index as Foron Yellow SE-~LF, CI Dispersed Yellow 33, and the like.
Several single suitable carrier materials can be employed including but not limited to sodium chloride, ammonium chloride, granular zinc, silicon dioxide, methyl methacrylate nickel, glass, steel, iron ferrite and the like.
Coated carrier materials may also be used, including for example the above mentioned carriers coated with organic materials such as fluorinated polymers, including polyvinylidene fluoride. Many of the carriers that can be used are described in U.S. Patents 2,618,441, 2,63~,416, 3,591,503, 3,533,835, and 3,526,533. Also nickel berry carriers as described in U.S. Patents 3,847,604 and 3,767,598 can be employed, these earriers being nodular carrier beads of nickel characterized by surfaces of recurring recesses and protrusions providing particles with a relatively large external area. It is important that the carrier that is selected establishes the appropriate triboelectric relation-ship with the resin that is used, which resin is described in detail hereinafter, in order to enable it to function effectively in an electrophotographic imaging mode. Generally, the carrier ranges in size from about 35 microns in diameter to about 25û microns and preferably from about 80 microns to about lS0 microns. The amount of carrier present can vary depending on many factors, including for example the mass density of the carrier; generally, however, about 0.5 percent to about 5 percent, by weight and prefe ably 1 percent to 3 percent, by weight of carrier is present in the developer mixture.
The blended cyan, magenta, and yellow materia]s may be combined with any suitable electrophotographic resin including but not limited to thermoplastics like olein polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene;
20 polymers derived from dienes such as polybutadiene, polyisobutylene, and polychloropyrene, vinyl and vinylidene polymers such as polystyrene, styrene butylmethacrylate copolymers, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers, acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene terpolymers, polymethylmethacrylate, polyacrylates, poly-vinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloride polyvinyl carbazole, polyvinyl ethers, and 25 polyvinyl ketones, fluorocarbon polymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride; heterochain t~lermoplastics such as polyamides, poly-ester, polyurethanes, polypeptides, casein, polyglycols, polysulfides, and polycarbonates; and cellulosic coplymers such as regenerated cellulose, cellulose acetate and cellulose nitrate. Generally resins containing a 30 relatively high percentage of styrene are preferred, such as homopolymers of styrene or styrene homologs of copolymers of styrene, with other monomeric groups containing a single methylene group attached to a carbon atom by double bond.
Any suitable inorganic or organic photoconductor may be used in 35 the present invention. Typical inorganic photoconductor materials include butare not limited to sulfur, selenium, zinc sulfide, zinc oxide, zinc cadmium sulfide, zinc magnesium oxide, eadmium selenide, æinc silicate, calcium-strontium sulfide, cadmium sulfide, indium trisulfide, gallium triselenide, arsenic disulfide, arsenic trisulfide, arsenic triselenide, antimony trisulfide,cadmium sulfoselenide and mixtures thereof. Typical organic photoconductors 5 include but are not limited to triphenylamine; 2,4-bis(4,4'-diethyl-amino-phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadia~ol; ~-isopropylcarbazole tr;phenylpyrrol; 4,5-diphenyl-imidazolidinone; 4,5-diphenyl-imida~olidinethione; 4,5-bis-~4'-amino-phenyl~
imida~olidinone; 1,5-dicyanonaphthalinel 1,4-dicyanonaphthalene;
aminophthalodinitrile; nitrophthalodinitrile; 1,2,5,6-tetraaza-N-isopropyl-10 carbazole triphenylpyrrol; 4,5-diphenylimidazolidinone; 4,5-diphenylimidazo-lidinethione; 4-5-bis-(4'-amino-phenyl~imidazolidione; 1,5-dicyanonaphthalene;
1,4-dicyanonaphthalene; aminophthalodinitrile; nitrophthalodinitrile; 1,2,5,6-tetraazacyclcoctatetranene-(2,4,6,8); 2-mercapto-benzathiazole; 2-phenyl-4-diphenylidene-oxazolone; 6-hydroxy-2,3-di(p-methoxyphenyl~benzofurane; 4-15 dimethyl-aminobenzylidene-benzhydrazide; 3-benzylidene-amino-carbazole;
polyvinyl carbazole; (2-nitrobenzylidene~p-bromo-aniline; 2,3-diphenyl quin-azoline; 1,2,4-triazine; 1,5-diphenyl-3 methyl-pyrazoline; 2-(4'-dimethylamino-phenyl~benzoxazole; 3-aminocarbazole; phthalocyanines; trinitrofluoronone polyvinyl carbazole; charge transfer complexes and mixtures thereof.
~ny suitable method of charging may be employed in the system of the present invention. Typical charging methods include corona, charge deposition resulting from air breakdown in the gap commonly referred to as TESI, or charging in vacuum with an electron gun.
Any suitable method of exposure may be employed in the system of 25 the present invention. Typical methods of exposure include; reflex, contact, holographic te~hniques, non-lens slit scanning systems, and optical projection systems involving lens imaging of opaque reflective subjects as well as trans-parent film originals.
Any suitable method of development may be employed in the 30 system of the present invention. Typical development systems include::
cascade development, magnetic brush development, and the like.
Any suitable method of fixing may be employed in the process of the present invention. Typical methods of fixing include: heat-pressure fusing, combination radiant, conductive and convection fusing, such as oven 35 fusing, cold pressure fixing, solvent fusing, and a combination of heat, pressure solvent fusing.
The above mentioned developers were found to perform exception-ally well when used for the production of color xerographic prints from an original. There was no degradation of the triboelectric properties of the developer, nor unacceptable imaging due to impaction, and other problems associated with prior art developers. In one embodiment the developer of the present invention is provided from a developer housing in an automatic color electrophotographic imaging machine. A photoconductive member is then charged, selectively exposed to light of the primary colors, or one of the primary colors, developed with ~he developer of the present invention, transferred to a suitable substrate, such as paper, and then fused.
The developers of the present invention are especially useful in flat color copying systems. The term flat color is well known in the art, thus for example in the printing industry, flat color copying is accomplished by effecting multiple passes of the output print, through a printing press. Each pass of the print results in the production of a different color. Gradations of value or darkness, and chroma, or saturation are obtained by halftoning techniques, however, gradations of hue during a single pass does not result.
Accordingly, the colors on the output print are usually of a uniform shade, and of a uniform darkness, and the number of hues represent the number of passes, by the output document through the press.
The invention will now be deseribed in detail with respect to specific prefe~red embodiments thereof, it being understood that these examples are intended to be illustrative only and the invention is not intended to be limited to the materials, conditions, process parameters~ etc. recited herein. All parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
EXAMPLE I
There was prepared a brownish colored toner blend by mixing together at room temperature 2 parts by weight of the magenta toner material, 2,9-dimethyl substiuted quinacridone, 1 part per weight of the cyan toner material copper tetra-4-(octadecylsulfonomido) phthalocyanine, and 2 parts by weight of the yellow toner material diarylide yellow 3,3-dichlorobenz-idene aceto acetanilide in a twin shell apparatus having a rotation rate of about 45 revolutions per minute the mixing being accomplished for a period of about 1/2 hours.
The magenta, cyanl and yellow toners are prepared by melt blending 90 parts by weight of a styrene-n-butyl methacrylate copolymer resin, ~ ~65 ~ ~
(58/42) and 10 parts by weight respectively of9 the magenta material, a 2,9-dimethyl substituted quinacridone, the cyan toner material copper tetra-4-(octadecylsulfonomido) phthalocyanine, and the yellow material, diarylide yellow 3,3-dichlorobenzidene aceto acetonilide.
The resultant brownish colored toner blend 97 parts by weight is mixed with 3 parts by weight OI a steel carrier. The resultant developer is then employed in a commercial automatic xerographic machine apparatus, and excellent color copies of high resolution result after a single development sequence.
The developer produced can also be used in a magnetic brush developer system, which system is positioned around the selenium photorecep-tor. The photoreceptor is charged to a positive potential of ~100 volts, and exposed to an image. The latent electrostatic image formed on the photoreceptor is developed with the above developer by engaging the developer housing into development configuration with the photoreceptor. The image on the photoreceptor is then transferred to a receiver sheet in register. The photoreceptor is cleaned of the residual toner and is then ready for a subsequent exposure. The receiver sheet containing the cyan, magenta and yellow toner is then heat fused.
The above process was repeated numerous times, and 75,000 color prints of good contrast, color, and quality were produced.
_AMPLE II
The procedure of Example I w~s repeated with the exception that a yellow-green shade toner is produced by mixing together zero parts by weight of 2,9 dimethylquinacridone, 1 part per weight of copper tetra-4-(octadecyl-sulfonomido) phthalocyanine and 7 parts by weight of the diarylide yellow 3,3-dichlorobenzidene aceto acetanilide. A developer was prepared in accordance with Example I, with the exception that a nickel berry carrier was used in place of the steel carrier. ~hen this developer was used in a commercial automatic xerographic color machine, or with the magnetic brush developer system of E~xample I, substantially similar results were obtained, that is, excellent color copies of high resultion after a single development sequence;
and color prints of good contrast, color, and quality were produced when a magnetic brush developer system is used.
EXAMPLE III
The procedure of Example I was repeated with the exception that a green colored toner blend is prepared by mixing together zero parts per weight 3 ~ 3 _9_ of 2,9-dimethylquinacridone, 1 part per weight of copper tetra-4-(octa-decylsulfonomido) phthalocyanine and 2 parts by weight of diarylide yellow 3,3 dichlorobenzidene aceto acetanilide. A developer material was prepared in accordance with Example II. Substantially similar results were obtained when 5 the developer was used in a commercial automatic xerographic color machine, or with the magnetic brush developer system of Example I.
Other modifications of the present invention will occur to those skilled in the art upon a reading OI the present disclosure. These are intended to be included within the scope of this invention.
The appropriate amounts of cyan, magenta, and yellow toners can be combined by any suitable method including for example simple known mixing and stirring methods~ One specific method employed for combining these materials involves the use of a twin shell mixing-blending apparatus at rotation rates of from about 30 to about 50 revolutions per minute, followed by filtering the resultant blend using a 44 micron sieve for the purpose of eliminating agglomerates. It is important to note that the method by which the materials are blended is not critical, however though complete mixing is desired so as to result in the production of a homogeneous mixture. In addition to twin shell mixing other types of mixing methods may be employed, including for example paint shaker mixing; Mumson mixing and the like.
Illustrative examples of magenta materials which may be used in the toner package include 2,9-dimethyl substituted quinacridone, an anthra-quinone dye identified in the Colour Index as CI 607109 CI Dispersed ~ed 15, a diazo dye identified in the Colour Index as CI 26050, CI Solvent Red 19, and thelike.
Illustrative examples of cyan rmaterials that may be used in the toner package include copper tetra-4-(octadecylsulfonomido) phthalocyanine, all X-copper phthalocyanine pigment listed in the Colour Index as CI 74160, CI
Pigment Blue 15, an indanthrene blue identified in the Colour Index as CI 69810,Special Blue X-2137, and the like.
Illustrative examples of yellow materials that may be used in the toner package include diarylide yellow 3,3-dichlorobenzidene aceto-acetanil-ide, a monoazo dye identified in the Colour Index as CI 1270û, CI Solvent Yellow 16, a nitrophenylaminesulfonamide identified in the Colour Index as Foron Yellow SE-~LF, CI Dispersed Yellow 33, and the like.
Several single suitable carrier materials can be employed including but not limited to sodium chloride, ammonium chloride, granular zinc, silicon dioxide, methyl methacrylate nickel, glass, steel, iron ferrite and the like.
Coated carrier materials may also be used, including for example the above mentioned carriers coated with organic materials such as fluorinated polymers, including polyvinylidene fluoride. Many of the carriers that can be used are described in U.S. Patents 2,618,441, 2,63~,416, 3,591,503, 3,533,835, and 3,526,533. Also nickel berry carriers as described in U.S. Patents 3,847,604 and 3,767,598 can be employed, these earriers being nodular carrier beads of nickel characterized by surfaces of recurring recesses and protrusions providing particles with a relatively large external area. It is important that the carrier that is selected establishes the appropriate triboelectric relation-ship with the resin that is used, which resin is described in detail hereinafter, in order to enable it to function effectively in an electrophotographic imaging mode. Generally, the carrier ranges in size from about 35 microns in diameter to about 25û microns and preferably from about 80 microns to about lS0 microns. The amount of carrier present can vary depending on many factors, including for example the mass density of the carrier; generally, however, about 0.5 percent to about 5 percent, by weight and prefe ably 1 percent to 3 percent, by weight of carrier is present in the developer mixture.
The blended cyan, magenta, and yellow materia]s may be combined with any suitable electrophotographic resin including but not limited to thermoplastics like olein polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene;
20 polymers derived from dienes such as polybutadiene, polyisobutylene, and polychloropyrene, vinyl and vinylidene polymers such as polystyrene, styrene butylmethacrylate copolymers, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers, acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene terpolymers, polymethylmethacrylate, polyacrylates, poly-vinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloride polyvinyl carbazole, polyvinyl ethers, and 25 polyvinyl ketones, fluorocarbon polymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride; heterochain t~lermoplastics such as polyamides, poly-ester, polyurethanes, polypeptides, casein, polyglycols, polysulfides, and polycarbonates; and cellulosic coplymers such as regenerated cellulose, cellulose acetate and cellulose nitrate. Generally resins containing a 30 relatively high percentage of styrene are preferred, such as homopolymers of styrene or styrene homologs of copolymers of styrene, with other monomeric groups containing a single methylene group attached to a carbon atom by double bond.
Any suitable inorganic or organic photoconductor may be used in 35 the present invention. Typical inorganic photoconductor materials include butare not limited to sulfur, selenium, zinc sulfide, zinc oxide, zinc cadmium sulfide, zinc magnesium oxide, eadmium selenide, æinc silicate, calcium-strontium sulfide, cadmium sulfide, indium trisulfide, gallium triselenide, arsenic disulfide, arsenic trisulfide, arsenic triselenide, antimony trisulfide,cadmium sulfoselenide and mixtures thereof. Typical organic photoconductors 5 include but are not limited to triphenylamine; 2,4-bis(4,4'-diethyl-amino-phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadia~ol; ~-isopropylcarbazole tr;phenylpyrrol; 4,5-diphenyl-imidazolidinone; 4,5-diphenyl-imida~olidinethione; 4,5-bis-~4'-amino-phenyl~
imida~olidinone; 1,5-dicyanonaphthalinel 1,4-dicyanonaphthalene;
aminophthalodinitrile; nitrophthalodinitrile; 1,2,5,6-tetraaza-N-isopropyl-10 carbazole triphenylpyrrol; 4,5-diphenylimidazolidinone; 4,5-diphenylimidazo-lidinethione; 4-5-bis-(4'-amino-phenyl~imidazolidione; 1,5-dicyanonaphthalene;
1,4-dicyanonaphthalene; aminophthalodinitrile; nitrophthalodinitrile; 1,2,5,6-tetraazacyclcoctatetranene-(2,4,6,8); 2-mercapto-benzathiazole; 2-phenyl-4-diphenylidene-oxazolone; 6-hydroxy-2,3-di(p-methoxyphenyl~benzofurane; 4-15 dimethyl-aminobenzylidene-benzhydrazide; 3-benzylidene-amino-carbazole;
polyvinyl carbazole; (2-nitrobenzylidene~p-bromo-aniline; 2,3-diphenyl quin-azoline; 1,2,4-triazine; 1,5-diphenyl-3 methyl-pyrazoline; 2-(4'-dimethylamino-phenyl~benzoxazole; 3-aminocarbazole; phthalocyanines; trinitrofluoronone polyvinyl carbazole; charge transfer complexes and mixtures thereof.
~ny suitable method of charging may be employed in the system of the present invention. Typical charging methods include corona, charge deposition resulting from air breakdown in the gap commonly referred to as TESI, or charging in vacuum with an electron gun.
Any suitable method of exposure may be employed in the system of 25 the present invention. Typical methods of exposure include; reflex, contact, holographic te~hniques, non-lens slit scanning systems, and optical projection systems involving lens imaging of opaque reflective subjects as well as trans-parent film originals.
Any suitable method of development may be employed in the 30 system of the present invention. Typical development systems include::
cascade development, magnetic brush development, and the like.
Any suitable method of fixing may be employed in the process of the present invention. Typical methods of fixing include: heat-pressure fusing, combination radiant, conductive and convection fusing, such as oven 35 fusing, cold pressure fixing, solvent fusing, and a combination of heat, pressure solvent fusing.
The above mentioned developers were found to perform exception-ally well when used for the production of color xerographic prints from an original. There was no degradation of the triboelectric properties of the developer, nor unacceptable imaging due to impaction, and other problems associated with prior art developers. In one embodiment the developer of the present invention is provided from a developer housing in an automatic color electrophotographic imaging machine. A photoconductive member is then charged, selectively exposed to light of the primary colors, or one of the primary colors, developed with ~he developer of the present invention, transferred to a suitable substrate, such as paper, and then fused.
The developers of the present invention are especially useful in flat color copying systems. The term flat color is well known in the art, thus for example in the printing industry, flat color copying is accomplished by effecting multiple passes of the output print, through a printing press. Each pass of the print results in the production of a different color. Gradations of value or darkness, and chroma, or saturation are obtained by halftoning techniques, however, gradations of hue during a single pass does not result.
Accordingly, the colors on the output print are usually of a uniform shade, and of a uniform darkness, and the number of hues represent the number of passes, by the output document through the press.
The invention will now be deseribed in detail with respect to specific prefe~red embodiments thereof, it being understood that these examples are intended to be illustrative only and the invention is not intended to be limited to the materials, conditions, process parameters~ etc. recited herein. All parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
EXAMPLE I
There was prepared a brownish colored toner blend by mixing together at room temperature 2 parts by weight of the magenta toner material, 2,9-dimethyl substiuted quinacridone, 1 part per weight of the cyan toner material copper tetra-4-(octadecylsulfonomido) phthalocyanine, and 2 parts by weight of the yellow toner material diarylide yellow 3,3-dichlorobenz-idene aceto acetanilide in a twin shell apparatus having a rotation rate of about 45 revolutions per minute the mixing being accomplished for a period of about 1/2 hours.
The magenta, cyanl and yellow toners are prepared by melt blending 90 parts by weight of a styrene-n-butyl methacrylate copolymer resin, ~ ~65 ~ ~
(58/42) and 10 parts by weight respectively of9 the magenta material, a 2,9-dimethyl substituted quinacridone, the cyan toner material copper tetra-4-(octadecylsulfonomido) phthalocyanine, and the yellow material, diarylide yellow 3,3-dichlorobenzidene aceto acetonilide.
The resultant brownish colored toner blend 97 parts by weight is mixed with 3 parts by weight OI a steel carrier. The resultant developer is then employed in a commercial automatic xerographic machine apparatus, and excellent color copies of high resolution result after a single development sequence.
The developer produced can also be used in a magnetic brush developer system, which system is positioned around the selenium photorecep-tor. The photoreceptor is charged to a positive potential of ~100 volts, and exposed to an image. The latent electrostatic image formed on the photoreceptor is developed with the above developer by engaging the developer housing into development configuration with the photoreceptor. The image on the photoreceptor is then transferred to a receiver sheet in register. The photoreceptor is cleaned of the residual toner and is then ready for a subsequent exposure. The receiver sheet containing the cyan, magenta and yellow toner is then heat fused.
The above process was repeated numerous times, and 75,000 color prints of good contrast, color, and quality were produced.
_AMPLE II
The procedure of Example I w~s repeated with the exception that a yellow-green shade toner is produced by mixing together zero parts by weight of 2,9 dimethylquinacridone, 1 part per weight of copper tetra-4-(octadecyl-sulfonomido) phthalocyanine and 7 parts by weight of the diarylide yellow 3,3-dichlorobenzidene aceto acetanilide. A developer was prepared in accordance with Example I, with the exception that a nickel berry carrier was used in place of the steel carrier. ~hen this developer was used in a commercial automatic xerographic color machine, or with the magnetic brush developer system of E~xample I, substantially similar results were obtained, that is, excellent color copies of high resultion after a single development sequence;
and color prints of good contrast, color, and quality were produced when a magnetic brush developer system is used.
EXAMPLE III
The procedure of Example I was repeated with the exception that a green colored toner blend is prepared by mixing together zero parts per weight 3 ~ 3 _9_ of 2,9-dimethylquinacridone, 1 part per weight of copper tetra-4-(octa-decylsulfonomido) phthalocyanine and 2 parts by weight of diarylide yellow 3,3 dichlorobenzidene aceto acetanilide. A developer material was prepared in accordance with Example II. Substantially similar results were obtained when 5 the developer was used in a commercial automatic xerographic color machine, or with the magnetic brush developer system of Example I.
Other modifications of the present invention will occur to those skilled in the art upon a reading OI the present disclosure. These are intended to be included within the scope of this invention.
Claims (5)
1. A developer composition comprised of a blend of toner particles containing a styrene/n-butyl methacrylate copolymer resin, and the cyan colorant copper tetra-4-(octadecylsulfonomido) phthalocyanine, a styrene/n-butyl methacrylate copolymer resin and the magenta colorant 2,9-dimethyl substituted quinacridone, a styrene/n-butyl methacrylate copolymer resin and the yellow colorant diaryldide 3,3-dichlorobenzidene aceto acetanilide, and an uncoated single steel carrier material.
2. The developer composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein from about 1 percent to about 20 percent by weight of colorant is present, and from about 80 percent to about 99 percent by weight of resin is present.
3. A method for producing colored images utilizing a single pass xerographic imaging system which comprises charging the photoreceptor contained in the imaging system, followed by imagewise exposure of said photoreceptor,which image is developed with the developer composition comprised of a blend of toner particles comprising a styrene/n-butyl methacrylate compolymer resin, and the cyan colorant copper tetra-4-(octadecylsulfonomido) phthalocyanine, a styrene/n-butyl methacrylate copolymer resin and the yellow colorant diaryldide 3,3 dichlorobenzidene aceto acetanilide, and an uncoated single steel carrier material.
4. The method for producing colored images in accordance with claim 3 wherein the developed image is transferred to a suitable substrate, and is permanently affixed thereon.
5. The method of imaging in accordance with Claim 3 wherein from about 1 percent to about 20 percent by weight of colorant is present, and from about 80 percent to about 99 percent by weight of resin is present.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US8062579A | 1979-10-01 | 1979-10-01 | |
| US080,625 | 1979-10-01 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1165163A true CA1165163A (en) | 1984-04-10 |
Family
ID=22158562
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000360933A Expired CA1165163A (en) | 1979-10-01 | 1980-09-24 | Blended toners including styrene/n-butyl methacrylate copolymer and cyan, magenta and yellow colorants |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5657042A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1165163A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2059618B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8005400A (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4312932A (en) * | 1980-08-18 | 1982-01-26 | Xerox Corporation | Toners, developers for use in a single pass color image development |
| JPH0654397B2 (en) * | 1985-09-03 | 1994-07-20 | 株式会社リコー | Toner for electrostatic image development |
| DE3618214A1 (en) * | 1986-05-30 | 1987-12-03 | Hoechst Ag | IMPROVED MAGNETIC COLOR FOR ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDING METHODS |
| JP4387613B2 (en) | 2000-07-10 | 2009-12-16 | キヤノン株式会社 | Magenta toner |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5081544A (en) * | 1973-11-21 | 1975-07-02 | ||
| JPS5092744A (en) * | 1973-12-14 | 1975-07-24 | ||
| US4035310A (en) * | 1975-07-28 | 1977-07-12 | Xerox Corporation | Yellow developer |
| JPS52147444A (en) * | 1976-06-02 | 1977-12-07 | Canon Inc | Electrostatic latent image development |
| JPS5325439A (en) * | 1976-06-28 | 1978-03-09 | Kanebo Ltd | Developer for electrostatic printing |
-
1980
- 1980-09-24 CA CA000360933A patent/CA1165163A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-09-24 JP JP13277880A patent/JPS5657042A/en active Pending
- 1980-09-29 NL NL8005400A patent/NL8005400A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-10-01 GB GB8031621A patent/GB2059618B/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5657042A (en) | 1981-05-19 |
| GB2059618B (en) | 1984-02-08 |
| GB2059618A (en) | 1981-04-23 |
| NL8005400A (en) | 1981-04-03 |
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