CA1151818A - Method for producing clad steel plate - Google Patents
Method for producing clad steel plateInfo
- Publication number
- CA1151818A CA1151818A CA000367729A CA367729A CA1151818A CA 1151818 A CA1151818 A CA 1151818A CA 000367729 A CA000367729 A CA 000367729A CA 367729 A CA367729 A CA 367729A CA 1151818 A CA1151818 A CA 1151818A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- steel plate
- clad steel
- producing
- cladding metal
- slab
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/04—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a rolling mill
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
METHOD FOR PRODUCING CLAD STEEL PLATE
Abstract of the Disclosure:
A clad steel plate is produced by superposing a backing steel and a cladding metal having their contact surfaces cleaned, with a metallic foil or a metallic plating layer applied onto the contact surface of at least one of the back-ing steel and the cladding metal interposed as an intermediate layer between them, welding the superposed backing steel and cladding metal together along contact lines between their peripheral edges into a composite slab leaving at least one portion of the contact lines unwelded, exhausting any air remaining between the contact surfaces of the backing steel and the cladding metal by cold rolling or cold pressing under a light reduction, force welding the one or more unwelded portions on the peripheral edges together to isolate the contact surfaces from the external atmosphere, heating the composite slab to a rolling temperature, and hot-rolling it.
Abstract of the Disclosure:
A clad steel plate is produced by superposing a backing steel and a cladding metal having their contact surfaces cleaned, with a metallic foil or a metallic plating layer applied onto the contact surface of at least one of the back-ing steel and the cladding metal interposed as an intermediate layer between them, welding the superposed backing steel and cladding metal together along contact lines between their peripheral edges into a composite slab leaving at least one portion of the contact lines unwelded, exhausting any air remaining between the contact surfaces of the backing steel and the cladding metal by cold rolling or cold pressing under a light reduction, force welding the one or more unwelded portions on the peripheral edges together to isolate the contact surfaces from the external atmosphere, heating the composite slab to a rolling temperature, and hot-rolling it.
Description
~L~LS~
METHOD FOR PRODUCING CLAD STEEL PLATE
The present invention relates generally to a method for producing a clad steel plate and more particularly to a method for producing a clad steel plate of a high bonding strength in a high yield rate.
Clad steel plates have been hereto~ore used widely in various fields. Recently, however, there arose a strony demand particularly for such clad steel plates having a high bonding strength and a very high quality.
Among various methods for producing clad steel plates used heretofore, the most typical methods utilized in industrial scales are cold pressure cladding, hot pressure cladding, and explosion cladding. In any of these conventional methods, however, a poor bond between the backing steel and the cladding metal was frequently caused b~ oxidation of these materials in the contact surfaces, resulting in a decrease in the yield rate of the products.
In order to obtain a better bond between the backing steel and the cladding metal in the conventional hot pressure welding process, various means as described below were used:
a. The backing steel and the cladding metal were welded together along the entire contact lines between their peripheral edges into a slab and any air remaining between the contact surfaces was exhausted through a vent hole provided in a portion o~ the contact lines using a vacuum pump;
b. The backing steel and the cladding metal were superposed within a vacuum chamber and welded along the entire .~.
1~518~L13 . ., contact lines betewen their peripheral edges by an electron beam; and c. A space was intentionally proviaed between the backing steel and the cladding metal into which an inert gas such as argon was sealed, and then the inert gas was exhausted from the space through a vent hole during the hot rolling process.
In any of these means, however, it was difficult to exhaust the air from between the contact surfaces to some practically effective extent, and the backing steel and the cladding metal were oxidized in their contact suraces during heating by a small quantity of t~e air still remaining between the contact surfaces, resulting in that scales which were formed therein pre~ented the formation of a satisfactory metallurgica~ bond therebetween and such insufficient metall-urgical bond would appear as a defect in ultrasonic inspection~
The poor bond used to readily appear particularly in the neighborhood of the securely welded contact lines between the peripheral edges of the slab and presents a serious problem in the yield rate of the ultrasonic inspection.
In an alternative means actually practised, for the purpose of preventing a decrease in a shear strength of clad interface, a metal such as nickel was plated onto the contact surface of either one of the backing steel and the cladding metal and the plated metal was diffused along the contact surfaces of both the backing steel and the cladding metal to form a strong bonding alloy layer. This alternative means, however, had disadvantages of the increase of production cost ~l~l S~
and inability of complete prevention of oxidation in the contact surfaces.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a clad steel plate of a high bonding strength in a high yield rate.
The method for producing a clad steel plate according to the present invention comprises the steps of cleaning a contact surface of each of a backing steel and a cladding metal, superposing the backing steel and the cladding metal a ,, ,~"~e, ~ ecli~f~
with~t~w~ layer interposed between the contact surfaces of the backing steel and the cladding metal, welding the backing steel and the cladding metal together along contact lines therebetween to form a composite slab leavlng at least one portion of the contact lines unwelded as a vent hole for ~ orce air, applying a light reduction~ to the composite slab to exhaust any air remaining between the contact surfaces through the ~ent hole, close the vent hole of the reduced composite slab by welding to isolate the contact surfaces from the external atmosphere, charging the welded composite slab into a heating furnace and heating it to a rolling temperature, and hot-rolling the heated composite slab.
", ~er~n ecf,~
TheAmodium layer may be a metallic foil or a metallic plating layer. The metallic plating layer may be provided on one or both of the backing steel and the cladding metal.
The metallic foil may be used in one or more kinds.
The insufficient bond which results in the decrease of the yield rate of products is caused mostly by oxidation 8~3 in the contact surfaces. In the method according to the present invention, it is made possihle to prevent the oxida~
tion in the contact surfaces during the hot rolling and, accordingly, to sharply increase the bonding yield rate because the final welding is performed after the air is exhausted from between the contact suraces to bring them into a tight contac~. with each other.
Further, in the method according to the present invention, 7~ ~ i,, 7~ ~ ~ e 6~ e the ~ layer provided between the backing steel and the cladding metal is diffused in both of them during the hot rolling to thereby form a strong metallurigical bond there- `
between and to prevent carbon migration occuring ~rom the backing steel to the cladding metal.
In the case ~here the metallic foil is used as the e~ ~, e6~i~ f c 15 ~ layer, one or more kinds of the metallic foils are laid on the backing steel, on top of which the cladding metal is superposed. This requires no special equipment therefor and, accordingly, no initial cost. Since there is no limitation in the size of the welded composite slab the cost per unit weight of the slab is considerably low. It is quite easy to make the metallic foil thicker in contrast to the fact that it is difficult to make the plating layer thicker. Accordingly, by providing a metallic foil of a greater thickness it becomes easier to prevent the carbon migration occurring from the backing steel to th~ cladding metal, with which the embrittle-ment of the interface can be prevented and to roll the slab with a high workability in the hot rolling to thereby reduce sharply the cost per unit weight of the slab. Further, in ~5~8~3 view of the purchasing and handling costs of the metallic foil which are far lower than in the metallic platlng layer, the use of the metallic foil in the method according to the present invention has made it possible to make the composite slab at the cost equivalent to several percent of the cost by the metallic plating process.
Heretofore, it has been commonly considered that a metallic foil interposed between the backing steel and the cladding metal would move freely between the contact surfaces of them during the hot rolling and would not roll uniformly with them. However, the inventors have experimentally discovered that the diffusion of the constituents of the metallic foil which had begun in both the backing steel and the cladding metal during the heating penetrates deeper into them with the progress of the hot rolling, whereby the backing steel and the cladding metal are rolled well in one body, resulting in the uniform rolling of the metallic foil.
Heretofore, further, it has also been commonly considered that the metallic foil was prevented from rolling to a sufficiently small thickness by the inclusions unexceptionally present in the foils. However, the inventors have experiment-ally discovered also that the metallic foil can be rolled into the sufficiently small thickness on the order of 4 ~m without breaking between the backing steel and the cladding metal.
In the producing method according to the present invention, the ultrasonic inspection yield rate of the hot-rolled clad steel plates is sharply increased from the order of 70 - 80%
1~L5~8~3 in the conventional producing method to the order of 95 -100%.
In production of clad steel plates in the method similar to that of the present invention without using the medium layer, the ultrasonic inspection yield rate of the hot-rolled plates can be fairly increased in some cases.
Without the medium layer, however, the backing steel and the cladding metal generally diffuses in each other across the interface to form an alloy layer there, which alloy layer is, in most cases, fragile and brittle. Such a fragile alloy layer formed along the interface will be easily broken in the succeeding bending and/or welding process to make the cladding metal separable from the backing steel and be detected as a defect in ultrasonic inspection, resulting in a decrease in the yield rate of the final products.
Generally, in widely used stainless steel clad steel f f~r ", ec~
! produced without the ~ m layer, the diffusion produced a martensite layer along the interface, a cemented layer on the stainless steel side and a decarburized layer on the backing steel side. Any of these layers were fragile and easily crac~ed inthe succeeding working processes, thus presenting a serious defect in ultrasonic inspection.
In some special cases of such combination of metals that will not make a fragile alloy layer by diffusion between the backing steel and the cladding metal (for example, nickel ", fér~ ~e f~/~f ~
clad steel), the ~ layer is not always necessary. Further, a metal plate can well be used as the medium layer providing equivalent effects as the metallic foil and the metallic plating layer.
The invention will be better understood from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating steps of the method according to the present invention;
Figs. 2A and 2B are schematic illustrations of the welding step of the method according to the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a graph showing the results of measurement of a clad steel plates obtained by an example of practice of the method according to the present invention by an electron probe micro analyzer (E.P.M.A.);
Fig. 4 i5 a microstructure of a section of a steel plate of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is a graph showing the results of E.P.M.A.
measurement of a clad steel plate obtained by another example of practice of the method according to the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a microstructure of a section of a steel plate of Fig.~
Fig. 7 is a graph showing the results of E.P.M.A.
measurement of a clad steel plate obtained by a further example of practice of the method according to the present invention;
and ~5 Fig. 8 is a microstructure of a section of a steel plate of Fig. 7.
The method for producing a clad steel plate according ~5~8~3 to the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to Fig. 1. In the first step 1 of the method according to the present invention, the backing steel and the cladding metal are cleaned in their contact surfaces. In the succeeding second step 2, the backing steel and the cladding e r ~ 4 ~
metal are superposed with ~-~U}ua~ layer interposed between their contact surfaces. In the third step 3, the superposed backing steel and the cladding metal are welded together along the contact lines in their peripheral edges leaving at least a portion of the contact lines unwelded as vent holes, to form a composite slab. In the fourth step 4, the composite ~O~'C~
slab is subjected to a light reduction~ to exhaust any air remaining between the contact surfaces through the vent holes.
In the fifth step 5, ~he vent holes of the slab after the light reduction are closed by welding. In the sixth step 6, the composite slab which has been welded along the entire contact lines is charged into a heating furnace and heated to a rolling temperature. Finally in the seventh step 7, the heated composite slab is hot-rolled into a clad steel plate.
In the first step 1, the cleaning of the contact surfaces of the backing steel and the cladding metal is performed by any conventional means such as machining and/or grinding.
In the second step 2, the medium layer is formed either by plating a metal or by laying a metallic foil.
In the case o~ the metal plating, a layer of the metal plating is formed on one or both of the backing steel and thP
cladding metal each of which is cleaned in the contact surface.
The metal to be plated is preferably nickel or pure iron.
~ias~ ~
In the case of the metallic foil la~ing, one or more kinds of metallic foils are laid on the cleaned contact surface of the backing steel or the cladding metal, and then the cladding metal or the backing steel is superposed on the metallic foils with its contact surface downward. The foil is preferably of such metals as titanium, aluminum, nickel, chromium, and pure iron in the thickness of 20 - 200 ~m.
In the third step, the welding of the superposed backing steel and the cladding metal along the edge of their contact surfaces is performed by any conventional means such as arc welding. In this step, the one or more vent holes are formed by welding the backing steel and the cladding metal to~ether along the contact lines between them leaving a portion unwelded at the center of the bottom edge of the slab tas shown in Fig. 2A) or more portions unwelded one at the center of the bottom edge and a few in the lateral edges (as shown in Fig. 2B). In Figs. 2A and 2B, designated general-ly by the reference numeral 10 is the slab, in which the reference numeral 11 denotes weld beads, 12 denotes the vent holes, and 13 denotes the direction of advancement of the rolling or pressing.
~ ~rc~ ~5 9~ c~ieG~
In the fourth step 4, the light reduction~ the slab ~Ls_pa~4~ed by either of a common rolling mill or press machine without heating the slab.
In the sixth step 6, the slab is charged into a common heating furnace, in which it is heated to an ordinary rolling temperature of the cladding me-tal (for example, in the case of stainless steel clad steel, to 1000 - 1250C).
In the seventh step 7, the heated slab is rolled by a common hot rolling mill into the clad steel plate.
Specific examples of the practice of the method according to the present invention will now be described.
Ex~mple 1 (1) Backing Steel Name: Welding Structural Steel Plate (JIS~G3106 SM 41) Chemical composition (wt %):
¦ C ~ Si ¦ Mn ¦ Fe ¦0.20 ¦ 0.30 ¦ 0.80 ~ nder¦
Size (mm): length 1500 x width 1000 . x thickness 77
METHOD FOR PRODUCING CLAD STEEL PLATE
The present invention relates generally to a method for producing a clad steel plate and more particularly to a method for producing a clad steel plate of a high bonding strength in a high yield rate.
Clad steel plates have been hereto~ore used widely in various fields. Recently, however, there arose a strony demand particularly for such clad steel plates having a high bonding strength and a very high quality.
Among various methods for producing clad steel plates used heretofore, the most typical methods utilized in industrial scales are cold pressure cladding, hot pressure cladding, and explosion cladding. In any of these conventional methods, however, a poor bond between the backing steel and the cladding metal was frequently caused b~ oxidation of these materials in the contact surfaces, resulting in a decrease in the yield rate of the products.
In order to obtain a better bond between the backing steel and the cladding metal in the conventional hot pressure welding process, various means as described below were used:
a. The backing steel and the cladding metal were welded together along the entire contact lines between their peripheral edges into a slab and any air remaining between the contact surfaces was exhausted through a vent hole provided in a portion o~ the contact lines using a vacuum pump;
b. The backing steel and the cladding metal were superposed within a vacuum chamber and welded along the entire .~.
1~518~L13 . ., contact lines betewen their peripheral edges by an electron beam; and c. A space was intentionally proviaed between the backing steel and the cladding metal into which an inert gas such as argon was sealed, and then the inert gas was exhausted from the space through a vent hole during the hot rolling process.
In any of these means, however, it was difficult to exhaust the air from between the contact surfaces to some practically effective extent, and the backing steel and the cladding metal were oxidized in their contact suraces during heating by a small quantity of t~e air still remaining between the contact surfaces, resulting in that scales which were formed therein pre~ented the formation of a satisfactory metallurgica~ bond therebetween and such insufficient metall-urgical bond would appear as a defect in ultrasonic inspection~
The poor bond used to readily appear particularly in the neighborhood of the securely welded contact lines between the peripheral edges of the slab and presents a serious problem in the yield rate of the ultrasonic inspection.
In an alternative means actually practised, for the purpose of preventing a decrease in a shear strength of clad interface, a metal such as nickel was plated onto the contact surface of either one of the backing steel and the cladding metal and the plated metal was diffused along the contact surfaces of both the backing steel and the cladding metal to form a strong bonding alloy layer. This alternative means, however, had disadvantages of the increase of production cost ~l~l S~
and inability of complete prevention of oxidation in the contact surfaces.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a clad steel plate of a high bonding strength in a high yield rate.
The method for producing a clad steel plate according to the present invention comprises the steps of cleaning a contact surface of each of a backing steel and a cladding metal, superposing the backing steel and the cladding metal a ,, ,~"~e, ~ ecli~f~
with~t~w~ layer interposed between the contact surfaces of the backing steel and the cladding metal, welding the backing steel and the cladding metal together along contact lines therebetween to form a composite slab leavlng at least one portion of the contact lines unwelded as a vent hole for ~ orce air, applying a light reduction~ to the composite slab to exhaust any air remaining between the contact surfaces through the ~ent hole, close the vent hole of the reduced composite slab by welding to isolate the contact surfaces from the external atmosphere, charging the welded composite slab into a heating furnace and heating it to a rolling temperature, and hot-rolling the heated composite slab.
", ~er~n ecf,~
TheAmodium layer may be a metallic foil or a metallic plating layer. The metallic plating layer may be provided on one or both of the backing steel and the cladding metal.
The metallic foil may be used in one or more kinds.
The insufficient bond which results in the decrease of the yield rate of products is caused mostly by oxidation 8~3 in the contact surfaces. In the method according to the present invention, it is made possihle to prevent the oxida~
tion in the contact surfaces during the hot rolling and, accordingly, to sharply increase the bonding yield rate because the final welding is performed after the air is exhausted from between the contact suraces to bring them into a tight contac~. with each other.
Further, in the method according to the present invention, 7~ ~ i,, 7~ ~ ~ e 6~ e the ~ layer provided between the backing steel and the cladding metal is diffused in both of them during the hot rolling to thereby form a strong metallurigical bond there- `
between and to prevent carbon migration occuring ~rom the backing steel to the cladding metal.
In the case ~here the metallic foil is used as the e~ ~, e6~i~ f c 15 ~ layer, one or more kinds of the metallic foils are laid on the backing steel, on top of which the cladding metal is superposed. This requires no special equipment therefor and, accordingly, no initial cost. Since there is no limitation in the size of the welded composite slab the cost per unit weight of the slab is considerably low. It is quite easy to make the metallic foil thicker in contrast to the fact that it is difficult to make the plating layer thicker. Accordingly, by providing a metallic foil of a greater thickness it becomes easier to prevent the carbon migration occurring from the backing steel to th~ cladding metal, with which the embrittle-ment of the interface can be prevented and to roll the slab with a high workability in the hot rolling to thereby reduce sharply the cost per unit weight of the slab. Further, in ~5~8~3 view of the purchasing and handling costs of the metallic foil which are far lower than in the metallic platlng layer, the use of the metallic foil in the method according to the present invention has made it possible to make the composite slab at the cost equivalent to several percent of the cost by the metallic plating process.
Heretofore, it has been commonly considered that a metallic foil interposed between the backing steel and the cladding metal would move freely between the contact surfaces of them during the hot rolling and would not roll uniformly with them. However, the inventors have experimentally discovered that the diffusion of the constituents of the metallic foil which had begun in both the backing steel and the cladding metal during the heating penetrates deeper into them with the progress of the hot rolling, whereby the backing steel and the cladding metal are rolled well in one body, resulting in the uniform rolling of the metallic foil.
Heretofore, further, it has also been commonly considered that the metallic foil was prevented from rolling to a sufficiently small thickness by the inclusions unexceptionally present in the foils. However, the inventors have experiment-ally discovered also that the metallic foil can be rolled into the sufficiently small thickness on the order of 4 ~m without breaking between the backing steel and the cladding metal.
In the producing method according to the present invention, the ultrasonic inspection yield rate of the hot-rolled clad steel plates is sharply increased from the order of 70 - 80%
1~L5~8~3 in the conventional producing method to the order of 95 -100%.
In production of clad steel plates in the method similar to that of the present invention without using the medium layer, the ultrasonic inspection yield rate of the hot-rolled plates can be fairly increased in some cases.
Without the medium layer, however, the backing steel and the cladding metal generally diffuses in each other across the interface to form an alloy layer there, which alloy layer is, in most cases, fragile and brittle. Such a fragile alloy layer formed along the interface will be easily broken in the succeeding bending and/or welding process to make the cladding metal separable from the backing steel and be detected as a defect in ultrasonic inspection, resulting in a decrease in the yield rate of the final products.
Generally, in widely used stainless steel clad steel f f~r ", ec~
! produced without the ~ m layer, the diffusion produced a martensite layer along the interface, a cemented layer on the stainless steel side and a decarburized layer on the backing steel side. Any of these layers were fragile and easily crac~ed inthe succeeding working processes, thus presenting a serious defect in ultrasonic inspection.
In some special cases of such combination of metals that will not make a fragile alloy layer by diffusion between the backing steel and the cladding metal (for example, nickel ", fér~ ~e f~/~f ~
clad steel), the ~ layer is not always necessary. Further, a metal plate can well be used as the medium layer providing equivalent effects as the metallic foil and the metallic plating layer.
The invention will be better understood from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating steps of the method according to the present invention;
Figs. 2A and 2B are schematic illustrations of the welding step of the method according to the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a graph showing the results of measurement of a clad steel plates obtained by an example of practice of the method according to the present invention by an electron probe micro analyzer (E.P.M.A.);
Fig. 4 i5 a microstructure of a section of a steel plate of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is a graph showing the results of E.P.M.A.
measurement of a clad steel plate obtained by another example of practice of the method according to the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a microstructure of a section of a steel plate of Fig.~
Fig. 7 is a graph showing the results of E.P.M.A.
measurement of a clad steel plate obtained by a further example of practice of the method according to the present invention;
and ~5 Fig. 8 is a microstructure of a section of a steel plate of Fig. 7.
The method for producing a clad steel plate according ~5~8~3 to the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to Fig. 1. In the first step 1 of the method according to the present invention, the backing steel and the cladding metal are cleaned in their contact surfaces. In the succeeding second step 2, the backing steel and the cladding e r ~ 4 ~
metal are superposed with ~-~U}ua~ layer interposed between their contact surfaces. In the third step 3, the superposed backing steel and the cladding metal are welded together along the contact lines in their peripheral edges leaving at least a portion of the contact lines unwelded as vent holes, to form a composite slab. In the fourth step 4, the composite ~O~'C~
slab is subjected to a light reduction~ to exhaust any air remaining between the contact surfaces through the vent holes.
In the fifth step 5, ~he vent holes of the slab after the light reduction are closed by welding. In the sixth step 6, the composite slab which has been welded along the entire contact lines is charged into a heating furnace and heated to a rolling temperature. Finally in the seventh step 7, the heated composite slab is hot-rolled into a clad steel plate.
In the first step 1, the cleaning of the contact surfaces of the backing steel and the cladding metal is performed by any conventional means such as machining and/or grinding.
In the second step 2, the medium layer is formed either by plating a metal or by laying a metallic foil.
In the case o~ the metal plating, a layer of the metal plating is formed on one or both of the backing steel and thP
cladding metal each of which is cleaned in the contact surface.
The metal to be plated is preferably nickel or pure iron.
~ias~ ~
In the case of the metallic foil la~ing, one or more kinds of metallic foils are laid on the cleaned contact surface of the backing steel or the cladding metal, and then the cladding metal or the backing steel is superposed on the metallic foils with its contact surface downward. The foil is preferably of such metals as titanium, aluminum, nickel, chromium, and pure iron in the thickness of 20 - 200 ~m.
In the third step, the welding of the superposed backing steel and the cladding metal along the edge of their contact surfaces is performed by any conventional means such as arc welding. In this step, the one or more vent holes are formed by welding the backing steel and the cladding metal to~ether along the contact lines between them leaving a portion unwelded at the center of the bottom edge of the slab tas shown in Fig. 2A) or more portions unwelded one at the center of the bottom edge and a few in the lateral edges (as shown in Fig. 2B). In Figs. 2A and 2B, designated general-ly by the reference numeral 10 is the slab, in which the reference numeral 11 denotes weld beads, 12 denotes the vent holes, and 13 denotes the direction of advancement of the rolling or pressing.
~ ~rc~ ~5 9~ c~ieG~
In the fourth step 4, the light reduction~ the slab ~Ls_pa~4~ed by either of a common rolling mill or press machine without heating the slab.
In the sixth step 6, the slab is charged into a common heating furnace, in which it is heated to an ordinary rolling temperature of the cladding me-tal (for example, in the case of stainless steel clad steel, to 1000 - 1250C).
In the seventh step 7, the heated slab is rolled by a common hot rolling mill into the clad steel plate.
Specific examples of the practice of the method according to the present invention will now be described.
Ex~mple 1 (1) Backing Steel Name: Welding Structural Steel Plate (JIS~G3106 SM 41) Chemical composition (wt %):
¦ C ~ Si ¦ Mn ¦ Fe ¦0.20 ¦ 0.30 ¦ 0.80 ~ nder¦
Size (mm): length 1500 x width 1000 . x thickness 77
(2) Cladding Metal Name: Cupro-Nickel Plate Chemical composition (wt ~):
¦ Cu 1 Ni ~ 90 10 Size (mm): length 1500 x width 1000 x thickness 17.5 ~3) Medium Layer: Nickel Foil of thickness of 56 ~m (4) Producing Condition The backing steel and the cladding metal were finished in the contact surfaces by grinding, superposed with the nickel foil interposed between their opposed contact surfaces, welded together along the contact lines in the peripheral edges into a composite slab leaving a portion of 100 mm in length at the Y center of the bottom edge of the slab along the contact line unwelded as a vent hole, cold rolled unaer a light reduction~
1~ 5~
1 into the o~iginal total -thickness of the backiny steel and the cladding metal, 94.5 mm, so as to exhaust any air remaining between the contact surfaces through the vent hole, supplementally welded to close the air vent into the slab oE the thickness of 94.5 mm, and heated to the temperature of 1000C and then hot-rolled into the clad steel plate of the overall thickness of 13.5 mm, in which the thlckness of the cladding metal, the backing steel and the nickel foil were 2.5 mm, 11.0 mm and 8 ~m, respectively.
(5) Clad Steel Plate The ultrasonic inspection of the clad steel plate thus produced resulted in the yield rate as high as almost 100%. This shows that the air remaining between the contact surfaces was entirely exhausted by the cold rolling and, accordingly, the dèfect in bonding due to o~idation in the contact surfaces was perfectly prevented.
Then, the state of diffusion in the area of bonding between the backing steel and the cladding metal was inspected by an electron probe micro analyzer (E.P.M.A.). The results of the inspections are shown in Fig. 3, and the microstructure of a section of the clad steel plate is shown in ~ig. 4.
-As seen from Figs. 3 and 4, the nickel o~ the foil interposed as the intermediate layer was diused satisfac-torily bvth in the backing steel and in the clad~ing metal to produce a strong metallurgical bond therebetween.
Fillet weld tests perormed on this clad steel plate showed that the metallurgical bond thus produced was so strong that it was not detached from the interface by a ~5~8~l8 welding strain.
Example 2 -The backing steel, the cladding metal and the metallic foil were same as in Example 1. A composite slab was formed in the same manner as in Example 1, and any air remaining between the contact surfaces was exhausted through the vent hole by cold pressing. Thereafter, the composite slab was formed into a clad steel plate in th~ same manner as in Example 1, in which the cladding metal, the backing steel and the metallic foil had the thickness of 2.5 mm, 11 mm and 8 ~m, respectively. Ultrasonic inspections of the clad steel plate thus produced showed the yield rate of almost 100~, as in Example 1.
Example 3 ~1) Backing Steel Name: Welding Structural Steel Plate (JIS SM 41) Chemical composition (wt%):
C Si .Mn Fe 0.20 0.30 0.80 Remainder Size (mm): length 1500 x width 1000 x thickness 56 ~2) Cladding Metal Name: Stainless Steel Plate (SUS 316L) Chemical composition (wt%):
¦ C ¦ Si ¦ Mn ¦ Ni lCr ¦ Mo ¦ Fe ¦0.02 ¦ 0.70 ¦ 1.60¦ 13 ¦17 ¦2.5 ¦ Remainder¦
Size (mm): length 1500 x width 1000 x thickness 21 ~ s~
~ ~e ~7 e6~
¦ Cu 1 Ni ~ 90 10 Size (mm): length 1500 x width 1000 x thickness 17.5 ~3) Medium Layer: Nickel Foil of thickness of 56 ~m (4) Producing Condition The backing steel and the cladding metal were finished in the contact surfaces by grinding, superposed with the nickel foil interposed between their opposed contact surfaces, welded together along the contact lines in the peripheral edges into a composite slab leaving a portion of 100 mm in length at the Y center of the bottom edge of the slab along the contact line unwelded as a vent hole, cold rolled unaer a light reduction~
1~ 5~
1 into the o~iginal total -thickness of the backiny steel and the cladding metal, 94.5 mm, so as to exhaust any air remaining between the contact surfaces through the vent hole, supplementally welded to close the air vent into the slab oE the thickness of 94.5 mm, and heated to the temperature of 1000C and then hot-rolled into the clad steel plate of the overall thickness of 13.5 mm, in which the thlckness of the cladding metal, the backing steel and the nickel foil were 2.5 mm, 11.0 mm and 8 ~m, respectively.
(5) Clad Steel Plate The ultrasonic inspection of the clad steel plate thus produced resulted in the yield rate as high as almost 100%. This shows that the air remaining between the contact surfaces was entirely exhausted by the cold rolling and, accordingly, the dèfect in bonding due to o~idation in the contact surfaces was perfectly prevented.
Then, the state of diffusion in the area of bonding between the backing steel and the cladding metal was inspected by an electron probe micro analyzer (E.P.M.A.). The results of the inspections are shown in Fig. 3, and the microstructure of a section of the clad steel plate is shown in ~ig. 4.
-As seen from Figs. 3 and 4, the nickel o~ the foil interposed as the intermediate layer was diused satisfac-torily bvth in the backing steel and in the clad~ing metal to produce a strong metallurgical bond therebetween.
Fillet weld tests perormed on this clad steel plate showed that the metallurgical bond thus produced was so strong that it was not detached from the interface by a ~5~8~l8 welding strain.
Example 2 -The backing steel, the cladding metal and the metallic foil were same as in Example 1. A composite slab was formed in the same manner as in Example 1, and any air remaining between the contact surfaces was exhausted through the vent hole by cold pressing. Thereafter, the composite slab was formed into a clad steel plate in th~ same manner as in Example 1, in which the cladding metal, the backing steel and the metallic foil had the thickness of 2.5 mm, 11 mm and 8 ~m, respectively. Ultrasonic inspections of the clad steel plate thus produced showed the yield rate of almost 100~, as in Example 1.
Example 3 ~1) Backing Steel Name: Welding Structural Steel Plate (JIS SM 41) Chemical composition (wt%):
C Si .Mn Fe 0.20 0.30 0.80 Remainder Size (mm): length 1500 x width 1000 x thickness 56 ~2) Cladding Metal Name: Stainless Steel Plate (SUS 316L) Chemical composition (wt%):
¦ C ¦ Si ¦ Mn ¦ Ni lCr ¦ Mo ¦ Fe ¦0.02 ¦ 0.70 ¦ 1.60¦ 13 ¦17 ¦2.5 ¦ Remainder¦
Size (mm): length 1500 x width 1000 x thickness 21 ~ s~
~ ~e ~7 e6~
(3) ~k~ff~ Layer: Nickel Foil of thickness of 56 ~m
(4) Producing Condition A composite slab was formed in the same condition as in E~ample 1. The slab was heated to 1200C and then hot-rolled into a clad steel plate having the overall thick-ness of 11 mm, in which the thicknesses of the cladding me-tal, the backing steel and the metallic foil were 3 mm, 8 mm and 8 ~m, respectively.
The results of E.P.M.A. inspections and the micro-photograph of a section of the clad steel plate thus producedare shown in Figs. 5 and 6, respectively. As seen from Figs~
The results of E.P.M.A. inspections and the micro-photograph of a section of the clad steel plate thus producedare shown in Figs. 5 and 6, respectively. As seen from Figs~
5 and 6, the nickel of the foil interposed as the~ ~
layer was diffused satisfactorily both in the backing steel and in the cladding metal to produce a strong metallurgical bond therebetween. Fillet weld tests performed on this clad steel plate showed that the metallurgical bond thus produced was so strong that it was not detached from the interface by a ~elding strain. Further, it was confirmed that the severe cementation from the backing steel into the cladding metal was perfectly prevented in this area by the nickel foil interposed therebetween.
E~ample 4 (l) Backing Steel: Same as in Example 3.
(2) Cladding Metal Name: Cupro-Nickel Plate Chemical composition (wt%)o ¦ CU ~ Ni 115~
Size (mm): length 1500 x width 1000 x thickness 21 ~ f ~7~ e J~ o, (3) ~ ~ layer: Nickel Plating of thickness of 28 ~m .~
~:~ (4) Producing Condition After a nickel plating layer of the thickness of 28 ~m was formed on the contact surface of the cladding metal, a composite slab was formed in the same condition as in Example 1.
The slab was heated to 1000C and then hot-rolled into a clad steel plate of the overall thickness of 11 mm, in which the thicknesses of the cladding metal, the backing steel and the nickel plating layer were 3 mm, 8 mm and 4 ~m, respectively, Ultrasonic inspections of this clad steel plate resulted in the yield r~te of almost 100%. This shows that a very small quantity of air remaining between the contact surfaces was completely exhausted through the vent hole by the cold rolling step and the insufficient bonding due to oxidation in the contact surfaces was perfectly preventedO
The results of E.P.M.A. inspections and the micro-photograph of a section of the clad steel plate thus produced are shown in Figs. 7 and 8, respectively. As seen from Figs.
7 and 8, the nickel component of the medium layer was diffused satisfactorily both in the backing steel and in the cladding metal to produce a strong metallurgica~ bond therebetween.
Further, fillet weld tests performed on this clad steel plate showed that the metallurgical bond thus produced.was so strong that it was not detached from the interface by a welding strain.
While we have described and illustrated certain preferred practices of the present invention, it is to be distinctly understood that the invention is not limited thereto bu-t may 181~3 be otherwise variously practic~d within the scope of the appended claims.
layer was diffused satisfactorily both in the backing steel and in the cladding metal to produce a strong metallurgical bond therebetween. Fillet weld tests performed on this clad steel plate showed that the metallurgical bond thus produced was so strong that it was not detached from the interface by a ~elding strain. Further, it was confirmed that the severe cementation from the backing steel into the cladding metal was perfectly prevented in this area by the nickel foil interposed therebetween.
E~ample 4 (l) Backing Steel: Same as in Example 3.
(2) Cladding Metal Name: Cupro-Nickel Plate Chemical composition (wt%)o ¦ CU ~ Ni 115~
Size (mm): length 1500 x width 1000 x thickness 21 ~ f ~7~ e J~ o, (3) ~ ~ layer: Nickel Plating of thickness of 28 ~m .~
~:~ (4) Producing Condition After a nickel plating layer of the thickness of 28 ~m was formed on the contact surface of the cladding metal, a composite slab was formed in the same condition as in Example 1.
The slab was heated to 1000C and then hot-rolled into a clad steel plate of the overall thickness of 11 mm, in which the thicknesses of the cladding metal, the backing steel and the nickel plating layer were 3 mm, 8 mm and 4 ~m, respectively, Ultrasonic inspections of this clad steel plate resulted in the yield r~te of almost 100%. This shows that a very small quantity of air remaining between the contact surfaces was completely exhausted through the vent hole by the cold rolling step and the insufficient bonding due to oxidation in the contact surfaces was perfectly preventedO
The results of E.P.M.A. inspections and the micro-photograph of a section of the clad steel plate thus produced are shown in Figs. 7 and 8, respectively. As seen from Figs.
7 and 8, the nickel component of the medium layer was diffused satisfactorily both in the backing steel and in the cladding metal to produce a strong metallurgica~ bond therebetween.
Further, fillet weld tests performed on this clad steel plate showed that the metallurgical bond thus produced.was so strong that it was not detached from the interface by a welding strain.
While we have described and illustrated certain preferred practices of the present invention, it is to be distinctly understood that the invention is not limited thereto bu-t may 181~3 be otherwise variously practic~d within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for producing a clad steel plate, com-prising the steps of:
cleaning a contact surface of each of a backing steel and a cladding metal;
superposing the backing steel and the cladding metal with an intermediate layer interposed between the contact surfaces thereof;
welding the backing steel and the cladding metal together a1ong contact lines therebetween to form a com-posite slab, leaving at least a portion of the contact lines unwelded as a vent hole for air;
applying a light reduction force to the composite slab to exhaust any air remaining between the contact surfaces through the vent hole;
closing by welding the vent hole of the lightly-reduced slab to isolate the contact surfaces therein from the external atmosphere;
charging the welded composite slab into a heating furnace and heating it to a rolling temperature; and hot-rolling the heated composite slab.
cleaning a contact surface of each of a backing steel and a cladding metal;
superposing the backing steel and the cladding metal with an intermediate layer interposed between the contact surfaces thereof;
welding the backing steel and the cladding metal together a1ong contact lines therebetween to form a com-posite slab, leaving at least a portion of the contact lines unwelded as a vent hole for air;
applying a light reduction force to the composite slab to exhaust any air remaining between the contact surfaces through the vent hole;
closing by welding the vent hole of the lightly-reduced slab to isolate the contact surfaces therein from the external atmosphere;
charging the welded composite slab into a heating furnace and heating it to a rolling temperature; and hot-rolling the heated composite slab.
2. A method for producing a clad steel plate as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that said intermediate layer is formed by at least a kind of metallic foil.
3. A method for producing a clad steel plate as set forth in claim 2, characterized in that said composite slab is applied with the light reduction by cold rolling.
4. A method for producing a clad steel plate as set forth in claim 2, characterized in that said composite slab is applied with the light reduction by cold pressing.
5. A method for producing a clad steel plate as set forth in claim 2, characterized in that said vent hole is formed in the bottom edge of the slab.
6. A method for producing a clad steel plate as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that said medium layer is formed by applying a metallic plating to at least one of the contact surfaces of the backing steel and the cladding metal.
7. A method for producing a clad steel plate as set forth in claim 6, characterized in that said composite slab is applied with the light reduction by cold rolling.
8. A method for producing a clad steel plate as set forth in claim 6, characterized in that said composite slab is applied with the light reduction by cold pressing.
,
,
9. A method for producing a clad steel plate as set forth in claim 6, characterized in that said vent hole is formed in the bottom edge of the slab.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP115480A JPS5911394B2 (en) | 1980-01-09 | 1980-01-09 | Manufacturing method of clad steel plate with excellent bonding strength |
| JP115580A JPS5699089A (en) | 1980-01-09 | 1980-01-09 | Manufacture of clad steel plate |
| JP1155/1980 | 1980-01-09 | ||
| JP1154/1980 | 1980-01-09 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1151818A true CA1151818A (en) | 1983-08-16 |
Family
ID=26334325
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000367729A Expired CA1151818A (en) | 1980-01-09 | 1980-12-30 | Method for producing clad steel plate |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU540499B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1151818A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3100501C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2473379B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2067437B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1134960B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE449061B (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3212857A1 (en) * | 1982-04-06 | 1983-10-06 | Kraftwerk Union Ag | Method of producing an austenitic cladding |
| DE4228218C2 (en) * | 1992-08-25 | 1998-12-10 | Siemens Ag | Method and device for planarizing a layer on a semiconductor substrate |
| DE19953079B4 (en) * | 1999-11-04 | 2013-12-19 | Alstom Technology Ltd. | Method for welding components |
| CN1943967B (en) * | 2005-10-09 | 2010-05-12 | 易思竞 | Method for producing composite steel billet |
| CN101947571B (en) * | 2010-09-06 | 2012-08-08 | 杨自芬 | Manufacturing method of compound steel |
| CN102179405B (en) * | 2011-01-27 | 2013-01-02 | 东北大学 | Method for preventing interface of stainless steel compound plate subjected to vacuum composite rolling from being oxidized |
| DE102011108164B4 (en) * | 2011-07-22 | 2017-09-21 | Markus Balbach | Process for producing stainless damascus steel and damascus steel produced by the process |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB616798A (en) * | 1944-09-20 | 1949-01-27 | Joseph Kinney Jr | Improvements in or relating to composite multi-ply metal strip and method of making same |
| US2473686A (en) * | 1946-02-12 | 1949-06-21 | Superrior Steel Corp | Composite billet and manufacture thereof |
| DE914094C (en) * | 1948-10-02 | 1954-06-24 | Rheinische Roehrenwerke Ag | Process for the production of clad sheets |
| GB707996A (en) * | 1950-08-09 | 1954-04-28 | Joseph Kinney Jr | Improvements in or relating to method of producing multiply metal |
| DE913611C (en) * | 1951-12-30 | 1954-06-28 | Rheinische Roehrenwerke Ag | Process for the production of composite sheets |
| US4146164A (en) * | 1977-11-09 | 1979-03-27 | Aluminum Company Of America | Production of aluminum brazing sheet |
| CA1125629A (en) * | 1978-01-06 | 1982-06-15 | John B. Ulam | Multiple member clad metal products and methods of making the same |
-
1980
- 1980-12-24 AU AU65861/80A patent/AU540499B2/en not_active Expired
- 1980-12-30 CA CA000367729A patent/CA1151818A/en not_active Expired
-
1981
- 1981-01-07 GB GB8100381A patent/GB2067437B/en not_active Expired
- 1981-01-07 IT IT19034/81A patent/IT1134960B/en active
- 1981-01-08 SE SE8100072A patent/SE449061B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-01-08 FR FR8100219A patent/FR2473379B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-01-09 DE DE3100501A patent/DE3100501C2/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2473379B1 (en) | 1985-08-30 |
| DE3100501A1 (en) | 1981-11-19 |
| GB2067437A (en) | 1981-07-30 |
| AU540499B2 (en) | 1984-11-22 |
| DE3100501C2 (en) | 1986-06-26 |
| IT8119034A0 (en) | 1981-01-07 |
| FR2473379A1 (en) | 1981-07-17 |
| SE449061B (en) | 1987-04-06 |
| IT1134960B (en) | 1986-08-20 |
| GB2067437B (en) | 1983-05-18 |
| SE8100072L (en) | 1981-07-10 |
| AU6586180A (en) | 1981-07-16 |
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