CA1150019A - Antistatic thread - Google Patents
Antistatic threadInfo
- Publication number
- CA1150019A CA1150019A CA000340402A CA340402A CA1150019A CA 1150019 A CA1150019 A CA 1150019A CA 000340402 A CA000340402 A CA 000340402A CA 340402 A CA340402 A CA 340402A CA 1150019 A CA1150019 A CA 1150019A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- component
- segment
- thread according
- antistatic
- components
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/36—Matrix structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An antistatic thread consisting of multi-component filaments, one of whose components consists of a thermo-plastic polymerizate containing dispersed electrically con-ducting powders, which is characterized by a cross-section where a matrix component separates at least two segments of the other component and at least two segments are arranged peripherally.
An antistatic thread consisting of multi-component filaments, one of whose components consists of a thermo-plastic polymerizate containing dispersed electrically con-ducting powders, which is characterized by a cross-section where a matrix component separates at least two segments of the other component and at least two segments are arranged peripherally.
Description
This invention relates to an antistatic thread, more particularly the invention is concerned with a multi-component thread.
Within the scope of the invention, the term thread is to be understood to mean filaments, stable fibres, and yarns or thread-bundles made of filaments and/or staple fibres.
Multi-component antistatic threads are known in which the thread configuration comprises filaments of at least two synthetic polymer components, wherein one component is an electrically non-conducting, filament-building or forming, thermoplastic polymer and another component is formed from a thermoplastic synthetic polymer with electrically-conducting powders dispersed therein and which displays at a test voltage of 1 kV a volume resistivity, according to DIN 5~ 3~5, of less than 1013 ohms/cm.
Antistatic thread configurations of this type are described in West German Offenlegungsschri-ft 23 37 103, Hull, filed July 20, 197~, (Canadian Patent 1,019,127) in which the conductive polymer forms the core o~ a core-shell thread, the shell constituting at least 5~/O of the cross-sectional area of the thread.
Although an adequate antistatic effect is obtained in spite of the insuiating action of the core, this is achieved largely by using large quantities of conducting carbon black.
As the carbon black content increases, the spinning properties of the polymer/carbon black mixture fall sharply off, and this leads to difficulties in the manufacture of bi-component threads.
Stretching, especially when thread-building polymers are used for the carbon black-containing core component, is possible, without a considerable increase in electrical - 1 - ~, resistance, only at high stretching temperatures and with low-melting point polymers. During processing into staple-fibre yarns, the carbon-black cross-sections appearing at the cuts are detrimental. The above-mentioned German Offenlegungsschrift describes a method for measuring the thread-resistance which differs from that in DIN 54 345, the results of which are valid only for the relevant thread cross-section.
West German Offenlegungsschrift 26 23 672, Boe, filed May 26, 1976 (U.S. Patent 3,969,559) discloses another antistatic, synthetic bi-component thread, one component of which contains electrically-conducting carbon black. In this case, the other component only partly envelops the carbon blac~-containing component, although not less than 50~/O of the conductive component is enveloped, and forms a curved interface. This means that only threads having an asymmetrical cross-sectional arrangement can be spun.
West German Offenlegunggschrift 27 1~ 3~3, Paton et al, filed April 25, 1977 (U.S. Patent 4,045,949) describes an integral, electrically-conducting textile filament consisting of 2 to 1000 electrically-conducting, longitudinally-directed layers of filament-building polymer-material with finely divided particles of electrically-conducting carbon black in a concentration of about 3C% by weight, and, in conjunction with each electrically-conducting layer, along at least one main surface, a non-conducting layer of the filament-building polymer material. From the point of view of colour, filaments of this kind differ only slightly from those made only of a mixture of conducting carbon black and filament-building mate-rial.
Matrix-segment multi-component threads, and the pro-duction and splitting thereof, are described in Canadian Patent Applications S.~, 320~168, Kessler et al, filed January 24, 1979, and S.~. 322,710, Gerlach et al, filed March 2, 1979.
Also described therein are other known multi-component threads with matrix-segment structures, but none of them is conductive and has an antistatic effect.
The present invention provides antistatic threads having a configuration such that a satis~actory antistatic effect is obtained and the threads are as optically inconspicuous as possible in te~tile products, such as woven fabrics, tricots, fleeces, carpets, mats and the like.
According to the invention there is provided an antistatic multi-component thread comprising at least two synthetic polymer components including a first component consisting of an electrically non-conducting, filament-~orming, thermoplastic polymer, and a second component consisting of a thermoplastic synthetic polymer with electrically-conducting powder dispersed therein, which exhibits, at a test-voltage of 1 kV, a volume resistivity, according to DI~, German Industrial Standard, 54 345, of less than 10 ohms/cm., wherein one o~ said components ~orms a matrix-component and the other forms at least two segment-components, said matrix component separating said segment components and at least two o said segment-components being disposed peripherally, Matrix-segment thrèads are to be understood to mean multi-component threads in which the individual segments and the matrix are arranged continuously along the thread axis, the thread cross-section being therefore substantially the same over its length.
The matrix component is suitably the second component containing the electrically-conducting powder, with the segment components being ~ormed ~rom the electrically non-conducting first component, however, the matrix component may also be formed from the electrically non-conducting first component with the segment components being formed from the second component.
Preferably, the cross-section of the thread comprises at least three segmen-t components. The peripheral segment-components are preferably completely separated by the matrix component and there are preferably at least six and more preferably at least twelve peripheral segment components.
The polymers employed in the first and second com-; ponents may be the same or different and are suitably selected from polyamides, copolyamides, polyesters and copolyesters.
In particular the first and second components may be formed from polyamides with different contraction properties.
Electrically conducting powders which can be dispersed in a thermoplastic polymer and produce a satisfactory anti-static effect, include finely divided metallic powders, for example, chromium powder and mixed metal oxide phases, or example, mixtures of tin oxide and antimony oxide. Because of their effectiveness and ease of procurement, pre~erence is given to electrically-conducting carbon blacks which are readily dispersed, in the form of an electrically conducting powder, in thermoplastic polymers.
The invention is illustrated in particular and preferred embodiments by reference to the accompanying drawings in which Figures 1 to 11 illustrate thread cross-sections of different configurations within the invention.
The -threads may be round with a circular cross-section as shown in Figures 1 to 9, or they may be externally profiled as shown in Figures 10 and 11. They may also be of any desired external shape.
With further reference to the drawings a signifies the matrix component of the thread, and b signifies the segment component of the thread.
If the threads of the invention are to be used in the form of unsplit matrix-segment threads, it is advantageous to disperse the electrically conducting powder in the matrix-component. If, in particular, the threads are to be used in the form of filaments, this is especially advantageous, and in this case one or more substantially centrally disposed segment-component may be arranged in the core of the thread, the one or more central segment-components being completely separated from the peripheral segment-component by a matrix-component containing the electrically-conducting powder, The substantially centrally disposed segment-com-ponents may be in a regular or irregular arrangement in the thread and are fully enclosed in the matrix component, such as is illustrated in Figures 3, 4 and 5.
In an arrangement of this ~ind, only relatively small amounts of conducting powder are required to achieve high electrical conductivity.
It is advantageous to split the matrix-segment multi-components from selected polymers having different contraction characteristics, with the aid of contraction-initiating agents, if the antistatic thread configurations are to be processed, in admixture with other non-conducting threads, into staple-fibre yarn. This splitting produces split segment threads of very fine titre, for example, of about 0,1 dtex, and, in the staple-fibre yarn, these are so well covered by the other fibres forming the yarn, which are of about 8 dtex, that they are inconspicuous, giving the impression of a uniformly dyed or white yarn.
In the case of threads which are split into segment and matrix components, the thread may suitably comprise seg-ment- and matrix-fibres of infinite length in a random arrangement and with different curvatures As a whole the segment-fibres are more sharply curved than the matrix-fibres.
Such threads may also have fixed areas of unsplit multi-component fibres, in which the fixed areas are suit-ably compacted and regularly disposed.
Thus an antistatic thread of the invention may be unsplit, totally split or partially split into matrix- and segment-components. In the case of partial splitting the partly split multi-component fibres have mechanical adhesion of the matrix- and segment-fibres. Slots may occur between the matrix- and segment-fibres, or longitudinal grooves at the edge of the multi-component fibre corresponding to the phase boundaries. A particular thread which is partly split may be characterized by the presence of both slots and grooves.
The threads o~ the invention may be produced by known methods, for example, by the methods described in West -~ ~ ` German Patent Application P 28 03 136.9 . .
~` employing the apparatus described therein. Aforementioned -`` Canadian Patent Application S.N. 322,710 describes a m~thod which is suitable for producing the threads if the multi-component threads are to be split.
The aforementioned Canadian Patent Application S.~.
322,710 also contains teachings for the choice of polymers!
and for carrying out the splitting, which can be employed in - the present invention.
The great effectiveness of the antistatic threads of the invention appears to be attributable to the fact that the conductive polymer parts extend as far as the surface of the thread. If, for example, the matrix-component contains carbon black, and if it is arranged, for example, as a three-or four-pointed star with narrow rays in the interior of the multi-component fibre, then contact between the conductive matrix-component and the surface occurs over only a very small portion of the periphery of the thread. This, however, is enGugh to reinforce the effectiveness to an unexpectedly high degree and, on the other~hand, the carbon black is scarcely visible.
In this regard it is preferably that at least 2~/o and more preferably about 5~/O of the periphery of each peripheral segment not be enclosed by the matrix component.
The part of the segment periphery of the peripheral segment-components enclosed in the matrix-component may have a convex, substantially circular form or shape or an irregular, for example, serrated ~orm. Tl~e perip~eral seg-~20 ~ ment-components may be disposed symmetrically or non - ~ ~ symmetrically in the thread cross-section.
Generally it is preerred that the area of the second component, in the thread cross-section, be at least 5%
of the total area.
The carbon bIacks employed in the invention may be selected from any of the electrically-conducting types commercially available, providing they have sufficient dispersivity for the thread configuration according to the invention. In particular it is especially preferred to employ carbon blacks having a maximal particle size of less than 0.035 ~m.
Suitable carbon blacks are those having a DBP
absorption oE more than 120 ml/100 g of carbon black, for example, acetylene black. ~he DBP number is the wetting point with dibutyl phthalate which is determined in a special kneading machine according to ASTM D 241~-25 T and which is a criterion for carbon black structure.
Carbon blacks having a DBP absorption of 200 ml/100 g or more are particularly suitable, because these are high-conductivity carbon blacks. High-conductivity carbon blacks produce good electrical conductivity in the threads.
The carbon black content is suitably from 12 to 45%, by weight, based on the total weight of the carbon black polymer mixture. Preferably the carbon black content is from 20 to 35% by weight.
The carbon black may be mixed into the polymer-melt in the manner used in pigmenting synthetic polymers. It may also be desirable to add the carbon black before or during - polymerization of the polymerizing additive. In both cases satisfactory dispersion is achieved, and this translates in-to satisfactory conductivity with relatively small quantities of carbon black.
The antistatic threads of the invention may consist, in whole or in part, of multi-component threads, one of the components bein~ a polymer containing dispersed electrically-conducting powder, for example, carbon black. In addition to ~`~ the multi-component threads, there may also be other threads or types of fibres which are not conductive, for example, conventional single-component threads and fibres made of polyamide, polyester, and the like. For example, in the case of a carpet yarn, `it is sufficient to mix with the conventional ~arn less than 3/O of the carbon black-containing multi-component threads in order to provide the carpet with a high 3~9 degree of protection against electrostatic charging.
The invention is further illustrated in particular and preferred emhodiments in the following examples.
Example 1 Antistatic fibres of the invention, having a con-figuration as shown in Figures 8 and 9, were spun using a spinning nozzle according to the aforementioned Canadian Patent ApplicationS.N. 320,168 under otherwise conventional spinning conditions, the matrix-component consisting of a polyamide 6 containing 31%-of carbon black having a DBP
absorption of 125 ml/100 g of carbon black, the segment component was also polyamide, pigmented with 7%, by weight, of TiO2. The area-ratios of the matrix-component to the segment-component each amounted to 1:10 and 1:5, Spinning was carried out at a velocity of 1200 m/min, followed by single-stage stretching with a ratio of 1:2.6.
The volume resistivity o~ the threads obtained was determined according to DIN 54 345 over a fixed length of 5 cm, with a test voltage of 1 kV, at a temperature of 2LC
and 25% relative atmospheric humidlty. The results are shown in Table I.
TAB _E I - .
Sample Cross-section Thread titre Area ratio Volume of matrix resistivity to segment ohm/cm area a Fig. 8 57 dtexf2 1 : 10 3,6 . 10 b Fig. 8 34 dtexf2 1 : 5 1,3 . 10 c Fig. 9 55 dtexf2 1 : 10 9,6 . 10 d Fig. 9 33 dtexfl 1 : 5 6,8 . 107 _ . . _ _ . _ g In comparison with this, a non-conducting fibre made of polyamide 6 exhibited, under the same conditions, an electrical volume resistivity of 5 x 1013 ohms/cm.
Example 2 Thread samples c and d from Example 1 were each processed into a carpet yarn with two 1260 dtex f 64 yarns.
The carpet yarns obtained were used to produce carpets which were then subjected to a walking test during which the carpet was walked upon at 20C and 25% relative atmospheric humidity and the charge voltage was recorded. The voltage rose to a maximal value which remained constant and provided the measured results.
In the case of the sample from thread sample c, the charge amounted to 1,4 kVj in the case of sample d, the charge was 1,1 kV. The requirements for an antistatic carpet were thus fully met.
`'
Within the scope of the invention, the term thread is to be understood to mean filaments, stable fibres, and yarns or thread-bundles made of filaments and/or staple fibres.
Multi-component antistatic threads are known in which the thread configuration comprises filaments of at least two synthetic polymer components, wherein one component is an electrically non-conducting, filament-building or forming, thermoplastic polymer and another component is formed from a thermoplastic synthetic polymer with electrically-conducting powders dispersed therein and which displays at a test voltage of 1 kV a volume resistivity, according to DIN 5~ 3~5, of less than 1013 ohms/cm.
Antistatic thread configurations of this type are described in West German Offenlegungsschri-ft 23 37 103, Hull, filed July 20, 197~, (Canadian Patent 1,019,127) in which the conductive polymer forms the core o~ a core-shell thread, the shell constituting at least 5~/O of the cross-sectional area of the thread.
Although an adequate antistatic effect is obtained in spite of the insuiating action of the core, this is achieved largely by using large quantities of conducting carbon black.
As the carbon black content increases, the spinning properties of the polymer/carbon black mixture fall sharply off, and this leads to difficulties in the manufacture of bi-component threads.
Stretching, especially when thread-building polymers are used for the carbon black-containing core component, is possible, without a considerable increase in electrical - 1 - ~, resistance, only at high stretching temperatures and with low-melting point polymers. During processing into staple-fibre yarns, the carbon-black cross-sections appearing at the cuts are detrimental. The above-mentioned German Offenlegungsschrift describes a method for measuring the thread-resistance which differs from that in DIN 54 345, the results of which are valid only for the relevant thread cross-section.
West German Offenlegungsschrift 26 23 672, Boe, filed May 26, 1976 (U.S. Patent 3,969,559) discloses another antistatic, synthetic bi-component thread, one component of which contains electrically-conducting carbon black. In this case, the other component only partly envelops the carbon blac~-containing component, although not less than 50~/O of the conductive component is enveloped, and forms a curved interface. This means that only threads having an asymmetrical cross-sectional arrangement can be spun.
West German Offenlegunggschrift 27 1~ 3~3, Paton et al, filed April 25, 1977 (U.S. Patent 4,045,949) describes an integral, electrically-conducting textile filament consisting of 2 to 1000 electrically-conducting, longitudinally-directed layers of filament-building polymer-material with finely divided particles of electrically-conducting carbon black in a concentration of about 3C% by weight, and, in conjunction with each electrically-conducting layer, along at least one main surface, a non-conducting layer of the filament-building polymer material. From the point of view of colour, filaments of this kind differ only slightly from those made only of a mixture of conducting carbon black and filament-building mate-rial.
Matrix-segment multi-component threads, and the pro-duction and splitting thereof, are described in Canadian Patent Applications S.~, 320~168, Kessler et al, filed January 24, 1979, and S.~. 322,710, Gerlach et al, filed March 2, 1979.
Also described therein are other known multi-component threads with matrix-segment structures, but none of them is conductive and has an antistatic effect.
The present invention provides antistatic threads having a configuration such that a satis~actory antistatic effect is obtained and the threads are as optically inconspicuous as possible in te~tile products, such as woven fabrics, tricots, fleeces, carpets, mats and the like.
According to the invention there is provided an antistatic multi-component thread comprising at least two synthetic polymer components including a first component consisting of an electrically non-conducting, filament-~orming, thermoplastic polymer, and a second component consisting of a thermoplastic synthetic polymer with electrically-conducting powder dispersed therein, which exhibits, at a test-voltage of 1 kV, a volume resistivity, according to DI~, German Industrial Standard, 54 345, of less than 10 ohms/cm., wherein one o~ said components ~orms a matrix-component and the other forms at least two segment-components, said matrix component separating said segment components and at least two o said segment-components being disposed peripherally, Matrix-segment thrèads are to be understood to mean multi-component threads in which the individual segments and the matrix are arranged continuously along the thread axis, the thread cross-section being therefore substantially the same over its length.
The matrix component is suitably the second component containing the electrically-conducting powder, with the segment components being ~ormed ~rom the electrically non-conducting first component, however, the matrix component may also be formed from the electrically non-conducting first component with the segment components being formed from the second component.
Preferably, the cross-section of the thread comprises at least three segmen-t components. The peripheral segment-components are preferably completely separated by the matrix component and there are preferably at least six and more preferably at least twelve peripheral segment components.
The polymers employed in the first and second com-; ponents may be the same or different and are suitably selected from polyamides, copolyamides, polyesters and copolyesters.
In particular the first and second components may be formed from polyamides with different contraction properties.
Electrically conducting powders which can be dispersed in a thermoplastic polymer and produce a satisfactory anti-static effect, include finely divided metallic powders, for example, chromium powder and mixed metal oxide phases, or example, mixtures of tin oxide and antimony oxide. Because of their effectiveness and ease of procurement, pre~erence is given to electrically-conducting carbon blacks which are readily dispersed, in the form of an electrically conducting powder, in thermoplastic polymers.
The invention is illustrated in particular and preferred embodiments by reference to the accompanying drawings in which Figures 1 to 11 illustrate thread cross-sections of different configurations within the invention.
The -threads may be round with a circular cross-section as shown in Figures 1 to 9, or they may be externally profiled as shown in Figures 10 and 11. They may also be of any desired external shape.
With further reference to the drawings a signifies the matrix component of the thread, and b signifies the segment component of the thread.
If the threads of the invention are to be used in the form of unsplit matrix-segment threads, it is advantageous to disperse the electrically conducting powder in the matrix-component. If, in particular, the threads are to be used in the form of filaments, this is especially advantageous, and in this case one or more substantially centrally disposed segment-component may be arranged in the core of the thread, the one or more central segment-components being completely separated from the peripheral segment-component by a matrix-component containing the electrically-conducting powder, The substantially centrally disposed segment-com-ponents may be in a regular or irregular arrangement in the thread and are fully enclosed in the matrix component, such as is illustrated in Figures 3, 4 and 5.
In an arrangement of this ~ind, only relatively small amounts of conducting powder are required to achieve high electrical conductivity.
It is advantageous to split the matrix-segment multi-components from selected polymers having different contraction characteristics, with the aid of contraction-initiating agents, if the antistatic thread configurations are to be processed, in admixture with other non-conducting threads, into staple-fibre yarn. This splitting produces split segment threads of very fine titre, for example, of about 0,1 dtex, and, in the staple-fibre yarn, these are so well covered by the other fibres forming the yarn, which are of about 8 dtex, that they are inconspicuous, giving the impression of a uniformly dyed or white yarn.
In the case of threads which are split into segment and matrix components, the thread may suitably comprise seg-ment- and matrix-fibres of infinite length in a random arrangement and with different curvatures As a whole the segment-fibres are more sharply curved than the matrix-fibres.
Such threads may also have fixed areas of unsplit multi-component fibres, in which the fixed areas are suit-ably compacted and regularly disposed.
Thus an antistatic thread of the invention may be unsplit, totally split or partially split into matrix- and segment-components. In the case of partial splitting the partly split multi-component fibres have mechanical adhesion of the matrix- and segment-fibres. Slots may occur between the matrix- and segment-fibres, or longitudinal grooves at the edge of the multi-component fibre corresponding to the phase boundaries. A particular thread which is partly split may be characterized by the presence of both slots and grooves.
The threads o~ the invention may be produced by known methods, for example, by the methods described in West -~ ~ ` German Patent Application P 28 03 136.9 . .
~` employing the apparatus described therein. Aforementioned -`` Canadian Patent Application S.N. 322,710 describes a m~thod which is suitable for producing the threads if the multi-component threads are to be split.
The aforementioned Canadian Patent Application S.~.
322,710 also contains teachings for the choice of polymers!
and for carrying out the splitting, which can be employed in - the present invention.
The great effectiveness of the antistatic threads of the invention appears to be attributable to the fact that the conductive polymer parts extend as far as the surface of the thread. If, for example, the matrix-component contains carbon black, and if it is arranged, for example, as a three-or four-pointed star with narrow rays in the interior of the multi-component fibre, then contact between the conductive matrix-component and the surface occurs over only a very small portion of the periphery of the thread. This, however, is enGugh to reinforce the effectiveness to an unexpectedly high degree and, on the other~hand, the carbon black is scarcely visible.
In this regard it is preferably that at least 2~/o and more preferably about 5~/O of the periphery of each peripheral segment not be enclosed by the matrix component.
The part of the segment periphery of the peripheral segment-components enclosed in the matrix-component may have a convex, substantially circular form or shape or an irregular, for example, serrated ~orm. Tl~e perip~eral seg-~20 ~ ment-components may be disposed symmetrically or non - ~ ~ symmetrically in the thread cross-section.
Generally it is preerred that the area of the second component, in the thread cross-section, be at least 5%
of the total area.
The carbon bIacks employed in the invention may be selected from any of the electrically-conducting types commercially available, providing they have sufficient dispersivity for the thread configuration according to the invention. In particular it is especially preferred to employ carbon blacks having a maximal particle size of less than 0.035 ~m.
Suitable carbon blacks are those having a DBP
absorption oE more than 120 ml/100 g of carbon black, for example, acetylene black. ~he DBP number is the wetting point with dibutyl phthalate which is determined in a special kneading machine according to ASTM D 241~-25 T and which is a criterion for carbon black structure.
Carbon blacks having a DBP absorption of 200 ml/100 g or more are particularly suitable, because these are high-conductivity carbon blacks. High-conductivity carbon blacks produce good electrical conductivity in the threads.
The carbon black content is suitably from 12 to 45%, by weight, based on the total weight of the carbon black polymer mixture. Preferably the carbon black content is from 20 to 35% by weight.
The carbon black may be mixed into the polymer-melt in the manner used in pigmenting synthetic polymers. It may also be desirable to add the carbon black before or during - polymerization of the polymerizing additive. In both cases satisfactory dispersion is achieved, and this translates in-to satisfactory conductivity with relatively small quantities of carbon black.
The antistatic threads of the invention may consist, in whole or in part, of multi-component threads, one of the components bein~ a polymer containing dispersed electrically-conducting powder, for example, carbon black. In addition to ~`~ the multi-component threads, there may also be other threads or types of fibres which are not conductive, for example, conventional single-component threads and fibres made of polyamide, polyester, and the like. For example, in the case of a carpet yarn, `it is sufficient to mix with the conventional ~arn less than 3/O of the carbon black-containing multi-component threads in order to provide the carpet with a high 3~9 degree of protection against electrostatic charging.
The invention is further illustrated in particular and preferred emhodiments in the following examples.
Example 1 Antistatic fibres of the invention, having a con-figuration as shown in Figures 8 and 9, were spun using a spinning nozzle according to the aforementioned Canadian Patent ApplicationS.N. 320,168 under otherwise conventional spinning conditions, the matrix-component consisting of a polyamide 6 containing 31%-of carbon black having a DBP
absorption of 125 ml/100 g of carbon black, the segment component was also polyamide, pigmented with 7%, by weight, of TiO2. The area-ratios of the matrix-component to the segment-component each amounted to 1:10 and 1:5, Spinning was carried out at a velocity of 1200 m/min, followed by single-stage stretching with a ratio of 1:2.6.
The volume resistivity o~ the threads obtained was determined according to DIN 54 345 over a fixed length of 5 cm, with a test voltage of 1 kV, at a temperature of 2LC
and 25% relative atmospheric humidlty. The results are shown in Table I.
TAB _E I - .
Sample Cross-section Thread titre Area ratio Volume of matrix resistivity to segment ohm/cm area a Fig. 8 57 dtexf2 1 : 10 3,6 . 10 b Fig. 8 34 dtexf2 1 : 5 1,3 . 10 c Fig. 9 55 dtexf2 1 : 10 9,6 . 10 d Fig. 9 33 dtexfl 1 : 5 6,8 . 107 _ . . _ _ . _ g In comparison with this, a non-conducting fibre made of polyamide 6 exhibited, under the same conditions, an electrical volume resistivity of 5 x 1013 ohms/cm.
Example 2 Thread samples c and d from Example 1 were each processed into a carpet yarn with two 1260 dtex f 64 yarns.
The carpet yarns obtained were used to produce carpets which were then subjected to a walking test during which the carpet was walked upon at 20C and 25% relative atmospheric humidity and the charge voltage was recorded. The voltage rose to a maximal value which remained constant and provided the measured results.
In the case of the sample from thread sample c, the charge amounted to 1,4 kVj in the case of sample d, the charge was 1,1 kV. The requirements for an antistatic carpet were thus fully met.
`'
Claims (37)
1. An antistatic multi-component thread comprising at least two synthetic polymer components, including a first component consisting of an electrically non-conducting, filament-forming, thermoplastic polymer, and a second component consisting of a thermoplastic synthetic polymer with electrically-conducting powder dispersed therein, which exhibits at a test-voltage of 1 kV, a volume resistivity, according to DIN, German Industrial Standard, 54 345, of less than 1013 ohms/cm., wherein one of said components forms a matrix-component and the other forms at least two segment-components, said matrix component separating said segment components and at least two of said segment-components being dispersed peripherally.
2. An antistatic thread according to claim 1, in which said matrix-component comprises said second component and said segment-components comprise said first component.
3. An antistatic thread according to claim 1, in which said matrix-component comprises said first component and said segment-components comprise said second component.
4, An antistatic thread according to claim 1, 2 or 3, which comprises at least three segment-components.
5. An antistatic thread according to claim 1, wherein the peripheral segments are completely separated by the matrix-component.
6. An antistatic thread according to claim 1 or 5, comprising at least six segment-components disposed peripherally.
7. An antistatic thread according to claim 1 or 5, comprising at least twelve segment-components disposed peripherally.
8. An antistatic thread according to claim 1, 2 or 5, wherein at least 20% of the periphery of each peripheral segment is not enclosed in the matrix component.
9. An antistatic thread according to claim 1, 2 or 5, wherein about 50% of the periphery of the peripheral segments is not enclosed in the matrix component.
10. An antistatic thread according to claim 1, 2 or 5, wherein the part of the segment periphery of the peripheral segment components enclosed in the matrix-component has a convex, substantially circular shape.
11. An antistatic thread according to claim 1, wherein the part of the segment periphery of the peripherally disposed segments enclosed in the matrix has an irregular form.
12. An antistatic thread according to claim 1, 2 or 5, wherein the peripheral segments are disposed symmetrically in the thread cross-section.
13. An antistatic thread according to claim 11, wherein the peripheral segments are disposed asymmetrically in the thread cross-section.
14. An antistatic thread according to claim 1, including in addition to the peripheral segment-components, a centrally disposed segment-component completely separated from the peripheral segment-components by the matrix component.
15. An antistatic thread according to claim 14, wherein the centrally disposed segment component is formed from the same component as the peripheral segment-components.
16. An antistatic thread according to claim 14, wherein the centrally disposed segment component is formed from a synthetic polymer different from the polymer of said peripheral segment-components.
17. An antistatic thread according to claim 1, 2 or 5, comprising segment-components fully enclosed in the matrix-component.
18. An antistatic thread according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the electrically-conducting powder is an electrically-conducting carbon black.
19. An antistatic thread according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the electrically conducting powder is a high-conductivity carbon black.
20. An antistatic thread according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the powder is a carbon black in a content of from 12 to 35%, by weight, of the total weight of the second component.
21. An antistatic thread according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the powder is a carbon black in a content of from 20 to 35% by weight, of the second component.
22. An antistatic thread according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the powder is a carbon black having a particle-size of less than 0.035 µm.
23. An antistatic thread according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the powder is a high-conductivity carbon black in a content of from 12 to 45%, by weight, based on the weight of the second component, said carbon black having a particle size of less than 0.035µm.
24. An antistatic thread according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the powder is a high conductivity carbon black in a content of from 20 to 35%, by weight, based on the weight of the second component, said carbon black having a particle size of less than 0.035 µm.
25. An antistatic thread according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the polymer of said first and second components is a polyamide.
26. An antistatic thread according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the polymers of said first and second components comprise polyamides with different contraction properties.
27. An antistatic thread according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the polymers of said first and second components comprise copolyamides.
28. An antistatic thread according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the polymer of one of-said first and second components is a polyamide and the polymer of the other of said first and second components is a polyester or copolyester.
29. An antistatic thread according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the area of the conductive component in the thread cross-section is at least 5% of the total area.
30. An antistatic thread according to claim 1, wherein the components are split into segment- and matrix-components.
31. An antistatic thread according to claim 30, comprising matrix- and segment-fibres of infinite length in random arrange-ment and with different curvatures, the segment-fibres as a whole being more sharply curved than the matrix-fibres.
32. An antistatic thread according to claim 30, wherein fixed areas have a content of unsplit multi-component fibres.
33. An antistatic thread according to claim 31, wherein fixed areas have a content of unsplit multi-component fibres.
34. An antistatic thread according to claim 32 or 33, wherein the fixed areas are compacted and regularly disposed.
35. An antistatic thread according to claim 1, 2 or 3, at least partially split into matrix-fibres and segment-fibres, in which the only partly split multi-component fibres have mechanical adhesion of the matrix- and segment-components some of them having slots between the matrix- and segment-fibres and some of them having only longitudinal grooves at the edge of the multi-component fibre corresponding to the phase boundaries.
36. A carpet formed of threads and comprising antistatic threads as defined in claim 1.
37. A carpet formed of threads comprising antistatic threads as defined in claim 1, mixed with conventional carpet threads.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2850713A DE2850713C2 (en) | 1978-11-23 | 1978-11-23 | Antistatic thread structure |
| DEP2850713.3 | 1978-11-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1150019A true CA1150019A (en) | 1983-07-19 |
Family
ID=6055370
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000340402A Expired CA1150019A (en) | 1978-11-23 | 1979-11-22 | Antistatic thread |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT387596B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1150019A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH641845A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2850713C2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK149826B (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2442284A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2036638B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE435072B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0162564A3 (en) * | 1984-05-24 | 1988-08-03 | Teijin Limited | Fiber for insulating material, non-woven fabric, wadding structure and net-like fiber sheet |
| JPS61132624A (en) * | 1984-11-28 | 1986-06-20 | Toray Ind Inc | Conjugated fiber of high conductivity |
| GB2228892A (en) * | 1989-03-06 | 1990-09-12 | Courtaulds Plc | Filaments and hot gas filter |
| KR920005730B1 (en) * | 1990-03-30 | 1992-07-16 | 동양나이론주식회사 | Separating type conjugated yarn |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4929129B1 (en) * | 1970-04-07 | 1974-08-01 | ||
| US3803453A (en) * | 1972-07-21 | 1974-04-09 | Du Pont | Synthetic filament having antistatic properties |
| US3969559A (en) * | 1975-05-27 | 1976-07-13 | Monsanto Company | Man-made textile antistatic strand |
| IN146424B (en) * | 1976-04-29 | 1979-06-02 | Dow Badische Co | |
| DE7802110U1 (en) * | 1978-01-25 | 1978-05-11 | Akzo Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal | MULTI-COMPONENT THREAD |
| DE2803136C2 (en) * | 1978-01-25 | 1984-04-05 | Akzo Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal | Method and device for the production of a multicomponent thread consisting of at least two synthetic polymer components |
| DE2809346C2 (en) * | 1978-03-03 | 1985-04-18 | Akzo Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal | Process for the production of fiber structures |
-
1978
- 1978-11-23 DE DE2850713A patent/DE2850713C2/en not_active Expired
-
1979
- 1979-11-14 CH CH1014579A patent/CH641845A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-11-19 AT AT0735979A patent/AT387596B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-11-20 DK DK493279AA patent/DK149826B/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-11-20 GB GB7940051A patent/GB2036638B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-11-22 CA CA000340402A patent/CA1150019A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-11-22 FR FR7928856A patent/FR2442284A1/en active Granted
- 1979-11-22 SE SE7909640A patent/SE435072B/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2442284B1 (en) | 1983-02-11 |
| FR2442284A1 (en) | 1980-06-20 |
| DE2850713C2 (en) | 1986-10-09 |
| GB2036638B (en) | 1983-03-09 |
| SE435072B (en) | 1984-09-03 |
| GB2036638A (en) | 1980-07-02 |
| DK149826B (en) | 1986-10-06 |
| CH641845A5 (en) | 1984-03-15 |
| ATA735979A (en) | 1988-07-15 |
| AT387596B (en) | 1989-02-10 |
| SE7909640L (en) | 1980-05-24 |
| DE2850713A1 (en) | 1980-06-12 |
| DK493279A (en) | 1980-05-24 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |