CA1145638A - Precleaner of a grain harvesting machine - Google Patents
Precleaner of a grain harvesting machineInfo
- Publication number
- CA1145638A CA1145638A CA000368993A CA368993A CA1145638A CA 1145638 A CA1145638 A CA 1145638A CA 000368993 A CA000368993 A CA 000368993A CA 368993 A CA368993 A CA 368993A CA 1145638 A CA1145638 A CA 1145638A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- grain
- cropped
- fan
- cropped material
- sieves
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The present invention provides a precleaner device in-corporating an element adapted to convey the cropped material treated to the sieves and cleaning fan. A cropped material throw-er and a perforated rotary cylinder are both interposed between the conveying element and the sieves. The rotary cylinder accom-modates a fan adapted to catch the light admixtures from the cropped material being treated. The precleaner device is most successfully applicable in grain harvesting machinery for reduc-ing the loss of grain and separating the chaff, which is a most valuable component of the grainless part of the crop harvested as fodder.
The present invention provides a precleaner device in-corporating an element adapted to convey the cropped material treated to the sieves and cleaning fan. A cropped material throw-er and a perforated rotary cylinder are both interposed between the conveying element and the sieves. The rotary cylinder accom-modates a fan adapted to catch the light admixtures from the cropped material being treated. The precleaner device is most successfully applicable in grain harvesting machinery for reduc-ing the loss of grain and separating the chaff, which is a most valuable component of the grainless part of the crop harvested as fodder.
Description
~563~
The present lnvention relates to crop harvesting mach-inery and in particular -to a ~evice for separating light admix-tures from the cropped material from a grain harvesting machine.
Conventional cropped material precleaners are known, comprising a conveying element, sieves and a cleaning fan. The cropped material from under the threshing and separating device is fed onto the conveying element i.e., a grain pan, augers, chain-and-slat conveyer, etc., which transfers it onto the sieves, wherein straw admixtures i.e., cavings, and chob are separated from the grain. These precleaners are disadvantageous in having comparatively low throughput capacity because any increase in the rate of feed of the cropped material for such cleaning above the permissible level specified for a given grain harvesting machine causes considerable loss of grain. This prevents the provision of a reliable cleaning unit for high-throughput grain harvesters.
Grain harvesters are known which incorporate devices for precleaning the cropped material before being fed onto the sieves. These precleaning devices are either in the form of an aspiration duct or two rubber-clad ro]ls adapted to throw the cropped material into an ai~ stream. While passing through these precleaning deviccs the croppe~ materiaJ loscs part oE the light admixtures and thus partially clelned cropped material is fed onto the sieves.
Thcse precleaners arc disadvall~ageous in having an air-stream separation of the light admixtures from the grain of low efficiency, as the cropped material is separated into fractions only due to their aerodynamic properties. As a result, a great deal of grain is carried away along with the light admixtures at higher rates of feed of the cropped material, which also hinders the provision of a cleaning unit for high-throughput grain harves-tersO
The present invention provides a cleaning unit for grain ~r ~5~38 harvesters, which has a higher throughput capacity compared with the conventional grain harvesters.
The present invention provides for separating the chaff, which is valuable as fodder, from the cropped material and its subsequent collection in separate receptacles, or its place-ment on the straw windrow behind the grain harvester.
According to the present invention in a precleaner of the cropped material frc)m a grain harvesting machine, including an element conveying from the cropped material to the sieves and fan the improvement in which interposed between the conveying element and the sieves are a thrower of the cropped material and a perforated rotary cylinder, which accommodates a fan for catch-ing ~e light admixtures from the cropped material being treated.
It is desirable that a chamber arranged to collect the light admixtures of the cropped material and pass it outside the grain harvesting machine is hermetically held to the surface of the rotary cylinder. It is likewise desirable that the light admixtures be passed out of the chamber by an emptying auger con-veyer provided in the chamber.
As more than half the total amount of straw admixtures is removed Erom the cropped material uncler treatme~llt, loss of grain past the sieves is recluced at least four~old, while grain cleanness stand~rds are fully met. The cropped ma~erial preelean-er device uses in its operation the principle of air-impulse se-paration/ whereby aerodynamic and elastic properties of the crop-ped material components are used to separate them into fractions.
It is due to a great difference in the aerodynamic and elastic properties of the grain and of the chaff and straw particles that a high separation effect of the cropped material into fractions is attained.
The cropped material precleaner device is situated in a grain harvesting machine upstream of the sieves but downstream
The present lnvention relates to crop harvesting mach-inery and in particular -to a ~evice for separating light admix-tures from the cropped material from a grain harvesting machine.
Conventional cropped material precleaners are known, comprising a conveying element, sieves and a cleaning fan. The cropped material from under the threshing and separating device is fed onto the conveying element i.e., a grain pan, augers, chain-and-slat conveyer, etc., which transfers it onto the sieves, wherein straw admixtures i.e., cavings, and chob are separated from the grain. These precleaners are disadvantageous in having comparatively low throughput capacity because any increase in the rate of feed of the cropped material for such cleaning above the permissible level specified for a given grain harvesting machine causes considerable loss of grain. This prevents the provision of a reliable cleaning unit for high-throughput grain harvesters.
Grain harvesters are known which incorporate devices for precleaning the cropped material before being fed onto the sieves. These precleaning devices are either in the form of an aspiration duct or two rubber-clad ro]ls adapted to throw the cropped material into an ai~ stream. While passing through these precleaning deviccs the croppe~ materiaJ loscs part oE the light admixtures and thus partially clelned cropped material is fed onto the sieves.
Thcse precleaners arc disadvall~ageous in having an air-stream separation of the light admixtures from the grain of low efficiency, as the cropped material is separated into fractions only due to their aerodynamic properties. As a result, a great deal of grain is carried away along with the light admixtures at higher rates of feed of the cropped material, which also hinders the provision of a cleaning unit for high-throughput grain harves-tersO
The present invention provides a cleaning unit for grain ~r ~5~38 harvesters, which has a higher throughput capacity compared with the conventional grain harvesters.
The present invention provides for separating the chaff, which is valuable as fodder, from the cropped material and its subsequent collection in separate receptacles, or its place-ment on the straw windrow behind the grain harvester.
According to the present invention in a precleaner of the cropped material frc)m a grain harvesting machine, including an element conveying from the cropped material to the sieves and fan the improvement in which interposed between the conveying element and the sieves are a thrower of the cropped material and a perforated rotary cylinder, which accommodates a fan for catch-ing ~e light admixtures from the cropped material being treated.
It is desirable that a chamber arranged to collect the light admixtures of the cropped material and pass it outside the grain harvesting machine is hermetically held to the surface of the rotary cylinder. It is likewise desirable that the light admixtures be passed out of the chamber by an emptying auger con-veyer provided in the chamber.
As more than half the total amount of straw admixtures is removed Erom the cropped material uncler treatme~llt, loss of grain past the sieves is recluced at least four~old, while grain cleanness stand~rds are fully met. The cropped ma~erial preelean-er device uses in its operation the principle of air-impulse se-paration/ whereby aerodynamic and elastic properties of the crop-ped material components are used to separate them into fractions.
It is due to a great difference in the aerodynamic and elastic properties of the grain and of the chaff and straw particles that a high separation effect of the cropped material into fractions is attained.
The cropped material precleaner device is situated in a grain harvesting machine upstream of the sieves but downstream
2 --~563~3 of the conveying element, which makes it possible to use the crop-ped material precleaning effect to attain higher throughput Eor the cleaning unit.
Provision of a cropped material thro~er in the preclean-er device ensures that the straw particles and the grain are thrown onto the cylinder surface at a required speed. As a result, individual components of the cropped material impinge upon the cylinder surface, whereupon the grain possesslng some elastic properties, bounces from the cylinder surface, while nonelastic straw particles are held thereon.
Provision of perforations in the cylinder surface and presence of a fan inside the cylinder ensure that an air stream passes therethrough, and a suction air stream is established by the fan in the zone where the cropped material is thrown onto the cylinder. On the opposite side of the cylinder the fan expels air through the perforations, the latter being small enough to only pass air and dust particles. The air stream holds the straw particles on the cylinder surface.
Rotation of thc per~orated cylinc~er makes it possible to continuously dis~)ose o~ the straw part .icl.es heLd on the cylin-der surface by tlle air skrealll. As a resu.l t, I hc straw particles ofEer no resiskance t:o the movelne~llk of grain upon its having rebounded ~rom khe surface of the rot:ary cylinder, whereby the loss of grain in the dcvice can be minimized at a rather hlgh rate of feed of the cropped material.
The chamber receiving the straw particles is hermeti-cally heid against the surface of the rotary cylinder, its herme-tic tightness isolating the chamber from the effect of both the suction and discharge air streams produced by the fan of the de-vice. After having passed under the bottom seal into the zoneof the chamber the straw particles are free to separate from the surface of the rotary cylinder largely by centrifugal forces, ~s~
and to collect in the chamber.
The cllamber accommodates an auger conveyer adapted to continuousl~ pass the straw particles out of it and pass them outside of the harvester separator. Provision of the auger con-veyer ena~les a large-sized chamber inside the separator to be disposed with.
Thus, the precleaner of the present invention makes it possible to obtain high separation effect of the cropped material into its main components, which is condusive to a higher through-put capacity of the harvester cleaning unit and makes possi~le separate collection of the chaff, which is most valuable as fodder.
The present invention will be further illustrated by way of the accompanying drawings in which:-Fig. 1 is a schematic longitudinal-section view of a grain harvester incorporating the precleaner device, according to one embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal-section view of the precleaner device of Fig. l; and Fig. 3 is a plan view of the precleaner device in the direction of the arrow ~ in Fig. 2.
Referring to Fig. 1 the cropped material prccleaner de-vice 1 is accommodated in thc separator of a grain harvesting machine including a thres}ling-alld~separating unit 2, a straw walk-ers rack 3, a conveyirlg element 4, sieves 5, cleaning fan 6, as well as elements to convey the grain mass to the separator, the separated grain to the tank, and the tailings to the rethreshing device, all of which are not shown in the drawing. The precleaner device 1 includes a cropped material thrower 7, and a perforated cylinder 8, which accommodates a fan 9.
The precleaner device (Figs. 2, 3) comprises the cylin-der 8 resting upon two rotary supports 10, a driving sprocket 11 being held against the cylinder 8. The fan consists of a rotor 12 having two rotary supports 13 and a drive pulley, as well as a casing 15 locked-in with the housings of the supports 13 of the rotor 12. The thrower 7 is a roll with an elastic surface 16 contacting the surface of the belt of the conveying element 4.
The roll rests upon two rotary supports 17 and is provided with a sprocket 18, an input pulley 19 and a gear 20 meshing a gear 21 of the drive shaft of a conveyer 22, one of the shaft extension carrying a pulley 23.
Hermetically held to the surface of rotation of the cylinder 8 is a chamber 24 to collect the light admixtures of the cropped material and move them outside of the grain harvest-ing machine. The chamber is defined by two side panels 25 form-,ing part of the separator of the grain harvesting machine, and a casing 26 having seals 27, 28. The bottom seal 28 is preferably a roll with an elastic surface. The chamber 24 accommodates an auge~ conveyer 29.
The cropped material precleaner device operates as follows:-The lnput pulley 19 o~ the thrower 7 shaft is set in rotation form one of thc sepal-ator shafts, e.g., ~rom the shaft of the grain harvester front countershaft 30. Thell rotation is transmitted from the thrower 7 roll through the ~ears 20 and 21 to the driving shaft of the conveyer 22, wherefrom rotation is imparted through the pulleys 23, 14 and a V-belt 31 to the rotor 12 of the fan 9. Then rotation is transmitted through the sprock-ets 11, 18 and a chain 32 to the perforated cylinder 8 from which the roll of the seal 28 is rotated. The auger conveyer 29 is provided with motion from the thrower 7 roll through a V-belt drive.
During harvesting the cropped material is fed to the conveyin~ element 4 to pass under the roll of the thrower 7 and is then thrown onto that portion of the surface of the perforated ... .
~S~3~3 cylinder 8 through which the air stream is sucked by the fan 9.
~laving impinyed upon the surface of the cylinder the grain bounc-es from that surface due to its greater elasticity than the straw particles i.e., chaff and part of cavings and exhibits much lower sailing capability than these particles, to pass onto the pre-cleaned material conveyer 33, which transfers the material to the sieves. The straw particles are practically devoid of elas-ticity but exhibit high sailing properties and thus these parti-cles are entrained by the air stream and held by it in the sur-face of the cylinder 8.
Rotation of the cylinder enables the straw admixturesto be continuously passed beyond the suction zone and thrown down into the chamber 24 past the roll of the seal 28. The light straw particles are carried therefrom by the auger conveyer 29 away from the separator of the grain harvesting machine~
Such a construction of the precleaner device makes it possible to reduce the loss of grain by two to four times, to considerably increase the throughput of the grain harvesting ma-chine with established grain cleanness 5 tandards remaining unaf-fected. In addition, the precleaner device, apart Erom perform-ing its main unction i.e., increasing the throughput capacity of a harvester, makes it possible to separate ~rom the cropped material the grainless part of the crop harvested, that is, the chaEf, which is most valuable as foclder.
Provision of a cropped material thro~er in the preclean-er device ensures that the straw particles and the grain are thrown onto the cylinder surface at a required speed. As a result, individual components of the cropped material impinge upon the cylinder surface, whereupon the grain possesslng some elastic properties, bounces from the cylinder surface, while nonelastic straw particles are held thereon.
Provision of perforations in the cylinder surface and presence of a fan inside the cylinder ensure that an air stream passes therethrough, and a suction air stream is established by the fan in the zone where the cropped material is thrown onto the cylinder. On the opposite side of the cylinder the fan expels air through the perforations, the latter being small enough to only pass air and dust particles. The air stream holds the straw particles on the cylinder surface.
Rotation of thc per~orated cylinc~er makes it possible to continuously dis~)ose o~ the straw part .icl.es heLd on the cylin-der surface by tlle air skrealll. As a resu.l t, I hc straw particles ofEer no resiskance t:o the movelne~llk of grain upon its having rebounded ~rom khe surface of the rot:ary cylinder, whereby the loss of grain in the dcvice can be minimized at a rather hlgh rate of feed of the cropped material.
The chamber receiving the straw particles is hermeti-cally heid against the surface of the rotary cylinder, its herme-tic tightness isolating the chamber from the effect of both the suction and discharge air streams produced by the fan of the de-vice. After having passed under the bottom seal into the zoneof the chamber the straw particles are free to separate from the surface of the rotary cylinder largely by centrifugal forces, ~s~
and to collect in the chamber.
The cllamber accommodates an auger conveyer adapted to continuousl~ pass the straw particles out of it and pass them outside of the harvester separator. Provision of the auger con-veyer ena~les a large-sized chamber inside the separator to be disposed with.
Thus, the precleaner of the present invention makes it possible to obtain high separation effect of the cropped material into its main components, which is condusive to a higher through-put capacity of the harvester cleaning unit and makes possi~le separate collection of the chaff, which is most valuable as fodder.
The present invention will be further illustrated by way of the accompanying drawings in which:-Fig. 1 is a schematic longitudinal-section view of a grain harvester incorporating the precleaner device, according to one embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal-section view of the precleaner device of Fig. l; and Fig. 3 is a plan view of the precleaner device in the direction of the arrow ~ in Fig. 2.
Referring to Fig. 1 the cropped material prccleaner de-vice 1 is accommodated in thc separator of a grain harvesting machine including a thres}ling-alld~separating unit 2, a straw walk-ers rack 3, a conveyirlg element 4, sieves 5, cleaning fan 6, as well as elements to convey the grain mass to the separator, the separated grain to the tank, and the tailings to the rethreshing device, all of which are not shown in the drawing. The precleaner device 1 includes a cropped material thrower 7, and a perforated cylinder 8, which accommodates a fan 9.
The precleaner device (Figs. 2, 3) comprises the cylin-der 8 resting upon two rotary supports 10, a driving sprocket 11 being held against the cylinder 8. The fan consists of a rotor 12 having two rotary supports 13 and a drive pulley, as well as a casing 15 locked-in with the housings of the supports 13 of the rotor 12. The thrower 7 is a roll with an elastic surface 16 contacting the surface of the belt of the conveying element 4.
The roll rests upon two rotary supports 17 and is provided with a sprocket 18, an input pulley 19 and a gear 20 meshing a gear 21 of the drive shaft of a conveyer 22, one of the shaft extension carrying a pulley 23.
Hermetically held to the surface of rotation of the cylinder 8 is a chamber 24 to collect the light admixtures of the cropped material and move them outside of the grain harvest-ing machine. The chamber is defined by two side panels 25 form-,ing part of the separator of the grain harvesting machine, and a casing 26 having seals 27, 28. The bottom seal 28 is preferably a roll with an elastic surface. The chamber 24 accommodates an auge~ conveyer 29.
The cropped material precleaner device operates as follows:-The lnput pulley 19 o~ the thrower 7 shaft is set in rotation form one of thc sepal-ator shafts, e.g., ~rom the shaft of the grain harvester front countershaft 30. Thell rotation is transmitted from the thrower 7 roll through the ~ears 20 and 21 to the driving shaft of the conveyer 22, wherefrom rotation is imparted through the pulleys 23, 14 and a V-belt 31 to the rotor 12 of the fan 9. Then rotation is transmitted through the sprock-ets 11, 18 and a chain 32 to the perforated cylinder 8 from which the roll of the seal 28 is rotated. The auger conveyer 29 is provided with motion from the thrower 7 roll through a V-belt drive.
During harvesting the cropped material is fed to the conveyin~ element 4 to pass under the roll of the thrower 7 and is then thrown onto that portion of the surface of the perforated ... .
~S~3~3 cylinder 8 through which the air stream is sucked by the fan 9.
~laving impinyed upon the surface of the cylinder the grain bounc-es from that surface due to its greater elasticity than the straw particles i.e., chaff and part of cavings and exhibits much lower sailing capability than these particles, to pass onto the pre-cleaned material conveyer 33, which transfers the material to the sieves. The straw particles are practically devoid of elas-ticity but exhibit high sailing properties and thus these parti-cles are entrained by the air stream and held by it in the sur-face of the cylinder 8.
Rotation of the cylinder enables the straw admixturesto be continuously passed beyond the suction zone and thrown down into the chamber 24 past the roll of the seal 28. The light straw particles are carried therefrom by the auger conveyer 29 away from the separator of the grain harvesting machine~
Such a construction of the precleaner device makes it possible to reduce the loss of grain by two to four times, to considerably increase the throughput of the grain harvesting ma-chine with established grain cleanness 5 tandards remaining unaf-fected. In addition, the precleaner device, apart Erom perform-ing its main unction i.e., increasing the throughput capacity of a harvester, makes it possible to separate ~rom the cropped material the grainless part of the crop harvested, that is, the chaEf, which is most valuable as foclder.
Claims (3)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A device for precleaning the cropped material treat-ed by a grain harvesting machine comprising sieves and a clean-ing fan; an element conveying said cropped material to said siev-es and said cleaning fan; both a thrower for said cropped mater-ial and a perforated rotary cylinder, being interposed between said sieves and said conveying element; and a fan for catching the light admixtures from said cropped material, said fan being accommodated inside said cylinder.
2. A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a chamber for the light admixtures is hermetically held to the surface of the rotary cylinder, said chamber being arranged to collect said admixtures and pass them outside of the grain harvesting machine.
3. A device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the admix-tures are passed out of the chamber by an auger conveyer therein.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000368993A CA1145638A (en) | 1981-01-21 | 1981-01-21 | Precleaner of a grain harvesting machine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000368993A CA1145638A (en) | 1981-01-21 | 1981-01-21 | Precleaner of a grain harvesting machine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1145638A true CA1145638A (en) | 1983-05-03 |
Family
ID=4118976
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000368993A Expired CA1145638A (en) | 1981-01-21 | 1981-01-21 | Precleaner of a grain harvesting machine |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1145638A (en) |
-
1981
- 1981-01-21 CA CA000368993A patent/CA1145638A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |