CA1144829A - Solid fuel furnace - Google Patents
Solid fuel furnaceInfo
- Publication number
- CA1144829A CA1144829A CA000362805A CA362805A CA1144829A CA 1144829 A CA1144829 A CA 1144829A CA 000362805 A CA000362805 A CA 000362805A CA 362805 A CA362805 A CA 362805A CA 1144829 A CA1144829 A CA 1144829A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tunnel
- chamber
- heat exchange
- flue gases
- combustion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
- F24H1/34—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water chamber arranged adjacent to the combustion chamber or chambers, e.g. above or at side
- F24H1/36—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water chamber arranged adjacent to the combustion chamber or chambers, e.g. above or at side the water chamber including one or more fire tubes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B5/00—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H2230/00—Solid fuel fired boiler
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A solid fuel burning device having a combustion chamber and a heat exchange chamber. The two chambers are joined by a tunnel composed of refractory material through which hot flue gases pass from the combustion chamber to the heat exchange chamber, causing the tunnel walls to be heated to the point of incandescence. As the flue gases pass through the tunnel there is a substantial reduction in uncombusted material by pyrolysis. The tunnel has an outside wall adapted to transmit energy by radiation.
A solid fuel burning device having a combustion chamber and a heat exchange chamber. The two chambers are joined by a tunnel composed of refractory material through which hot flue gases pass from the combustion chamber to the heat exchange chamber, causing the tunnel walls to be heated to the point of incandescence. As the flue gases pass through the tunnel there is a substantial reduction in uncombusted material by pyrolysis. The tunnel has an outside wall adapted to transmit energy by radiation.
Description
This relates to improvements in solid fuel devices particularly wood burning -furnaces.
Background of the Invention It has been recognized that a serious problem with wood burning furnaces is the effects o-f incomplete combustion.
Incomplete combustion results in the emission o-f pollutants, the deposition of the products of the incomplete combustion on the various elements within the furnace and in failure to achieve peak ef-ficiency. A number of proposals have been made to reduce the level of uncombusted materials given off by solid fuel burning devices including the use of secondary combustion chambers.
It has been discovered that by passing the flue gases containing the products of incomplete combustion through a tunnel the walls of which have been rendered incandescent by the passage of hot flue gases therethrough, a substantial increase in the pyrolysis of the flue gases occurs, thereby resulting in reduction of the level of uncombusted materials in the gases.
The device contemplated for carrying out this method utilized a straight -tunnel having relatively thick walls composed of refractory material and connecting a combustion chamber to a heat exchanger base portion~ Because the tunnel ; could not be less than a certain minirnum length in order to provide aclequate dwell time to complete pyrolysis, there resulted a furnace which was relatively large because o-f the necessary separation of these two chambers to accommodate the connecting - 1 -- '' , .
;; .
' . . . ~-:
:
~ 2 ~
tunnel. Such a device was also hea~y due to the relati~ely thick walls of the tunnel.
Brief Summary of Invention In apparatus according to the present invention, there is provided a tunnel which is positioned in the base of the heat exchange chamber. Such positioning of the tunnel reduces the spacing be-tween the combustion chamber and the base of heat exchange chamber thereby reducing dimensions, amounts i of materials and weight of the furnace. Moreover by positioning the tunnel in the base of the heat exchange chamber the heat exchanger located directly above receives heat not only -from the gases passing through it but it also receives radiant energy directly from the tunnel walls.
The tunnel according to the invention has a foldecl construction which serves effectively to lengthen it to permit adequate dwell time by the gases, while at the same time reducing its overall length in the direction of the tunnel axis. This folded construction also causes the heated flue gases to impinge on the outsides of the tunnel walls thereby reducing the time required to bring the tunnel up to temperature ; during start-up.
It is a further feature of this invention that a single air source is used for providing air for effecting a draft and for providing air to the combustion chamber. Improved efficiency is achieved by preheating the air fed to the combustion chamber by passing it through a stainless steel conduit passing through the heat exchanger chamber prlor to z . .
: . . .
.
. :~
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a~
introduction into the combustion chamber.
In accordance wi-th the present lnvention there is prov-ided apparatus for burning solid materials comprising a combustion chamber; a fuel chamber communicating with the combustion chamber;
a heat exchange chamber situated laterally o~ the combustion cham-ber, the heat exchange chamber including a heat exchange means; a tunnel connecting the combustion chamber to the heat exchange chamber, the tunnel being adapted to conduct flue gases from the combustion chamber to the heat exchange chamber, the tunnel inclu-ding walls having inside and outside surEaces, at least one of thewalls being adapted to transmit energy by radiation from the out-side surface thereof to the heat exchange means.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention there is provided apparatus for burning solid materials comprising a combustion chamber; a fuel chamber situated above the combustion chamber and communicating therewith by way of an opening in the top of the combustion chamber; a heat exchange chamber situa~ed laterally of the combustion chamber, the heat exchange chamber including a heat exchange means; a tunnel connecting the combustion chamber to the heat exchange chamber, the tunnel being adapted to conduct flue gases from the combustion chamber to the heat exchange chamber t the tunnel being adapted to cause secondary combustion in the gases during passage therethrough, the tunnel including walls having inside and outside surfaces, at least a portion of the pas-sage being situated in the combustion chamber; at least one wall being adapted to transmit energy by radiation from the outside thereof to the heat exchange means.
This invention is particularly suitable for use in wood ' z~
burning furnaces however the principle is applicable to achieve a greater degree of combustion in other devices for burning solids, such as incinerators.
In drawings which illustrate embodiments of the invention, Figure 1 is a side view partly in sections of a furnace incorporating a refractory ba~e and tunnel in accordance with the present invention, Figure 2 is a plane view of the refractory base and tunnel in accordance with the present invention, ~5~ - 3a . ~ .
' Figure 3 is a section of the line AA o-f Figure 2.
Figure 4 is a perspective view of the upper portion of the tunnel shown in the previous Figures.
Referring to Figure 1 there is illustrated a furnace having fuel chamber 14. The steel walls of the fuel chamber are surrounded by water contained in tank 13. The contact of the water with the outside walls of the fuel chamber serves to prevent the fuel chamber from becoming so hot as to cause combustion of the wood therein. The hinged cover 10 is adapted to open to permit access to the fuel chamber 14 for loading wood therein. A mechanical linkage 30 connects the fuel chamber cover 10 to the air source 15.- A ball valve (not shown) in the air source 15 is operated by the linkage 30 and serves to cut off charge air to the furnace when the fuel chamber cover 10 is opened. Elimination of charge air when the cover 10 is opened prevents the discharge of sparks and - smoke through the upper opening of the fuel chamber 14.
As combustion of the wood takes place in the combustion i~ chamber 3, unburned wood from the supply in the wood chamber is continuously fed downward to the combustion chamber 3 by gravity.
Combustion chamber 3 is situated below the fuel chamber 14 and in direct communication with it. The combustion chamber 3 is supplied with air for combustion by air source 15 via air supply pipe 17. The air supply pipe 17 is composed of stainless steel and is adapted to withstand high temperatures while at the same time conducting heat from the outside to the air passing through it.
"' :
. .
8~ 9 As will be seen from Figures 2 and 3, pipe 17 is located in the centre of the heat exchanger base aboYe the tunnel. Thus the pipe 17 is subjected to the high temperature atmosphere of the heat exchanger chamber which causes heating of the air being fed through the pipe 17 to the combustion chamber.
~ eferring to Figures 2 and 3, the walls of the combustion chamber 3 are composed of castable refractory material and are lined with an insulating refractory material.
The comhustion chamber 3 is connected to the tunnel 10 via opening 9 in the wall ~. The main part of the tunnel 10 is bounded by sloping 100r 20, vertical walls 7 and 8 and sloping top wall 5. The top and vertical walls of the tunnel are composed of castable refractory material and are preEormed as a unit. The top ~all 5 extends beyond the vertical walls 7 and 8 both laterally and in the direction o:E travel of the gases to effectively extend the tunnel. The top wall 5 is tapered by edges 11 and 12 at the gas exit end of the tunnel.
~ h~o ~ ~e~ ge~ i5 B ~ ==~G~ngc~s ~1 ~rc located in the heat exchanger chamber above the tunnel and consist of vertically oriented tubes 21 through which the flue gases pass upwardly. The outside walls of the tubes 21 are surrounded by water and are adapted to conduct heat from the flue gases to the water. A forced draft inducer 16 which is fed by air from air source 15 assists movement of the 1ue gases through chimney 18.
In operation, fuel chamber 1~ is loaded with wood which is fed by gravity into the combustion chamber 3. Air -from the ' air source 15 is fed via pipe 17 through the heat exchange chamber where it is heated, to the orifice of pipe 17 in the combustion chamber to provide the necessary oxygen for combustion oE the wood. The air is injected at a pressure of between 3 and 14 inches of water depending on the desired output, in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the exiting gases. By injecting the air in such direction-the necessary turbulence and high temperatures are produced to allow combustion to proceed at a very high rate. The movement of the injected air also serves to remove the ash from the combustion area, exposing the surface of the wood to the combustion process.
Since the period during which the combustion gases driven off from the burning wood remain in the combustion chamber is not sufficient to produce complete combustion thereof, the gases moving out of the combustion chamber 3 through opening 9 in wall ~ and into tunnel 10 may carry with them a substantial quantity oE gaseous materials in relation to which complete combustion has not taken place. After a period of start up of the furnacel the hot gases passing through the tunnel 10 cause it to become incandescent. As gases continue to move through the tunnel 10, the high temperatures caused by the incandescent state of the tunnel produce additional combustion of uncombusted materials. The walls and the floor of the tunnel are maintained in an incandescent state by the gases passing through and the combustion that is taking place, in the tunnel. The degree of combustion which takes place in the tunnel is a function of the temperature oE the entering ; - 6 -~ ~ 4~ 9 gases, the temperature of the tunnel and the dwell time of the gases in the tunnel. The latter is a function of the pressure differential across the length of the tunnel and the tunnel dimensions. It has been found that satisfactory results are achieved using a heat exchange chamber base twelve inches wide in the direction of the tunnel axis and with tunnel temperatures in the range 1300 to 1800F and combustion chamber temperatures in the range of 1300 to 21Q0F. The effective tunnel length will of course be greater than twelve inches (the width of the cham~er base) by reason of the folded tunnel construction of the present invention.
As the gases move through the tunnel 10 and reach the end thereof they are no longer confined by walls 7 and 8, and tend to move laterally outward and upward. This movement causes the hot flue gases to contact the outside o-f side walls 7 and 8 and to some degree the outside to top wall 5. As a result, heat is transferred to the outsides of these walls. 'This serves to assist a more rapid heating of the tunnel walls to operating temperatures during start up. I'he incandescent 2Q state of the tunnel walls produces appreciable radiation of energy to the heat exchanger thus aiding the transferred energy to heat exchanger and the heating of the surrounding water.
After emerging from heat exchanger base chamber 6 the gases move upwardly through heat exchanger tubes 21 where heat from the gases is transferred via the walls of the tubes 21, to water stored in the surrounding tank. The heated water may be used for various purposes.
' ~
. .
.
Movement of the gases up through chimney 18 is assisted by means draft device 16 to which air i5 supplied by alr source ~.,
Background of the Invention It has been recognized that a serious problem with wood burning furnaces is the effects o-f incomplete combustion.
Incomplete combustion results in the emission o-f pollutants, the deposition of the products of the incomplete combustion on the various elements within the furnace and in failure to achieve peak ef-ficiency. A number of proposals have been made to reduce the level of uncombusted materials given off by solid fuel burning devices including the use of secondary combustion chambers.
It has been discovered that by passing the flue gases containing the products of incomplete combustion through a tunnel the walls of which have been rendered incandescent by the passage of hot flue gases therethrough, a substantial increase in the pyrolysis of the flue gases occurs, thereby resulting in reduction of the level of uncombusted materials in the gases.
The device contemplated for carrying out this method utilized a straight -tunnel having relatively thick walls composed of refractory material and connecting a combustion chamber to a heat exchanger base portion~ Because the tunnel ; could not be less than a certain minirnum length in order to provide aclequate dwell time to complete pyrolysis, there resulted a furnace which was relatively large because o-f the necessary separation of these two chambers to accommodate the connecting - 1 -- '' , .
;; .
' . . . ~-:
:
~ 2 ~
tunnel. Such a device was also hea~y due to the relati~ely thick walls of the tunnel.
Brief Summary of Invention In apparatus according to the present invention, there is provided a tunnel which is positioned in the base of the heat exchange chamber. Such positioning of the tunnel reduces the spacing be-tween the combustion chamber and the base of heat exchange chamber thereby reducing dimensions, amounts i of materials and weight of the furnace. Moreover by positioning the tunnel in the base of the heat exchange chamber the heat exchanger located directly above receives heat not only -from the gases passing through it but it also receives radiant energy directly from the tunnel walls.
The tunnel according to the invention has a foldecl construction which serves effectively to lengthen it to permit adequate dwell time by the gases, while at the same time reducing its overall length in the direction of the tunnel axis. This folded construction also causes the heated flue gases to impinge on the outsides of the tunnel walls thereby reducing the time required to bring the tunnel up to temperature ; during start-up.
It is a further feature of this invention that a single air source is used for providing air for effecting a draft and for providing air to the combustion chamber. Improved efficiency is achieved by preheating the air fed to the combustion chamber by passing it through a stainless steel conduit passing through the heat exchanger chamber prlor to z . .
: . . .
.
. :~
';~-.
a~
introduction into the combustion chamber.
In accordance wi-th the present lnvention there is prov-ided apparatus for burning solid materials comprising a combustion chamber; a fuel chamber communicating with the combustion chamber;
a heat exchange chamber situated laterally o~ the combustion cham-ber, the heat exchange chamber including a heat exchange means; a tunnel connecting the combustion chamber to the heat exchange chamber, the tunnel being adapted to conduct flue gases from the combustion chamber to the heat exchange chamber, the tunnel inclu-ding walls having inside and outside surEaces, at least one of thewalls being adapted to transmit energy by radiation from the out-side surface thereof to the heat exchange means.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention there is provided apparatus for burning solid materials comprising a combustion chamber; a fuel chamber situated above the combustion chamber and communicating therewith by way of an opening in the top of the combustion chamber; a heat exchange chamber situa~ed laterally of the combustion chamber, the heat exchange chamber including a heat exchange means; a tunnel connecting the combustion chamber to the heat exchange chamber, the tunnel being adapted to conduct flue gases from the combustion chamber to the heat exchange chamber t the tunnel being adapted to cause secondary combustion in the gases during passage therethrough, the tunnel including walls having inside and outside surfaces, at least a portion of the pas-sage being situated in the combustion chamber; at least one wall being adapted to transmit energy by radiation from the outside thereof to the heat exchange means.
This invention is particularly suitable for use in wood ' z~
burning furnaces however the principle is applicable to achieve a greater degree of combustion in other devices for burning solids, such as incinerators.
In drawings which illustrate embodiments of the invention, Figure 1 is a side view partly in sections of a furnace incorporating a refractory ba~e and tunnel in accordance with the present invention, Figure 2 is a plane view of the refractory base and tunnel in accordance with the present invention, ~5~ - 3a . ~ .
' Figure 3 is a section of the line AA o-f Figure 2.
Figure 4 is a perspective view of the upper portion of the tunnel shown in the previous Figures.
Referring to Figure 1 there is illustrated a furnace having fuel chamber 14. The steel walls of the fuel chamber are surrounded by water contained in tank 13. The contact of the water with the outside walls of the fuel chamber serves to prevent the fuel chamber from becoming so hot as to cause combustion of the wood therein. The hinged cover 10 is adapted to open to permit access to the fuel chamber 14 for loading wood therein. A mechanical linkage 30 connects the fuel chamber cover 10 to the air source 15.- A ball valve (not shown) in the air source 15 is operated by the linkage 30 and serves to cut off charge air to the furnace when the fuel chamber cover 10 is opened. Elimination of charge air when the cover 10 is opened prevents the discharge of sparks and - smoke through the upper opening of the fuel chamber 14.
As combustion of the wood takes place in the combustion i~ chamber 3, unburned wood from the supply in the wood chamber is continuously fed downward to the combustion chamber 3 by gravity.
Combustion chamber 3 is situated below the fuel chamber 14 and in direct communication with it. The combustion chamber 3 is supplied with air for combustion by air source 15 via air supply pipe 17. The air supply pipe 17 is composed of stainless steel and is adapted to withstand high temperatures while at the same time conducting heat from the outside to the air passing through it.
"' :
. .
8~ 9 As will be seen from Figures 2 and 3, pipe 17 is located in the centre of the heat exchanger base aboYe the tunnel. Thus the pipe 17 is subjected to the high temperature atmosphere of the heat exchanger chamber which causes heating of the air being fed through the pipe 17 to the combustion chamber.
~ eferring to Figures 2 and 3, the walls of the combustion chamber 3 are composed of castable refractory material and are lined with an insulating refractory material.
The comhustion chamber 3 is connected to the tunnel 10 via opening 9 in the wall ~. The main part of the tunnel 10 is bounded by sloping 100r 20, vertical walls 7 and 8 and sloping top wall 5. The top and vertical walls of the tunnel are composed of castable refractory material and are preEormed as a unit. The top ~all 5 extends beyond the vertical walls 7 and 8 both laterally and in the direction o:E travel of the gases to effectively extend the tunnel. The top wall 5 is tapered by edges 11 and 12 at the gas exit end of the tunnel.
~ h~o ~ ~e~ ge~ i5 B ~ ==~G~ngc~s ~1 ~rc located in the heat exchanger chamber above the tunnel and consist of vertically oriented tubes 21 through which the flue gases pass upwardly. The outside walls of the tubes 21 are surrounded by water and are adapted to conduct heat from the flue gases to the water. A forced draft inducer 16 which is fed by air from air source 15 assists movement of the 1ue gases through chimney 18.
In operation, fuel chamber 1~ is loaded with wood which is fed by gravity into the combustion chamber 3. Air -from the ' air source 15 is fed via pipe 17 through the heat exchange chamber where it is heated, to the orifice of pipe 17 in the combustion chamber to provide the necessary oxygen for combustion oE the wood. The air is injected at a pressure of between 3 and 14 inches of water depending on the desired output, in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the exiting gases. By injecting the air in such direction-the necessary turbulence and high temperatures are produced to allow combustion to proceed at a very high rate. The movement of the injected air also serves to remove the ash from the combustion area, exposing the surface of the wood to the combustion process.
Since the period during which the combustion gases driven off from the burning wood remain in the combustion chamber is not sufficient to produce complete combustion thereof, the gases moving out of the combustion chamber 3 through opening 9 in wall ~ and into tunnel 10 may carry with them a substantial quantity oE gaseous materials in relation to which complete combustion has not taken place. After a period of start up of the furnacel the hot gases passing through the tunnel 10 cause it to become incandescent. As gases continue to move through the tunnel 10, the high temperatures caused by the incandescent state of the tunnel produce additional combustion of uncombusted materials. The walls and the floor of the tunnel are maintained in an incandescent state by the gases passing through and the combustion that is taking place, in the tunnel. The degree of combustion which takes place in the tunnel is a function of the temperature oE the entering ; - 6 -~ ~ 4~ 9 gases, the temperature of the tunnel and the dwell time of the gases in the tunnel. The latter is a function of the pressure differential across the length of the tunnel and the tunnel dimensions. It has been found that satisfactory results are achieved using a heat exchange chamber base twelve inches wide in the direction of the tunnel axis and with tunnel temperatures in the range 1300 to 1800F and combustion chamber temperatures in the range of 1300 to 21Q0F. The effective tunnel length will of course be greater than twelve inches (the width of the cham~er base) by reason of the folded tunnel construction of the present invention.
As the gases move through the tunnel 10 and reach the end thereof they are no longer confined by walls 7 and 8, and tend to move laterally outward and upward. This movement causes the hot flue gases to contact the outside o-f side walls 7 and 8 and to some degree the outside to top wall 5. As a result, heat is transferred to the outsides of these walls. 'This serves to assist a more rapid heating of the tunnel walls to operating temperatures during start up. I'he incandescent 2Q state of the tunnel walls produces appreciable radiation of energy to the heat exchanger thus aiding the transferred energy to heat exchanger and the heating of the surrounding water.
After emerging from heat exchanger base chamber 6 the gases move upwardly through heat exchanger tubes 21 where heat from the gases is transferred via the walls of the tubes 21, to water stored in the surrounding tank. The heated water may be used for various purposes.
' ~
. .
.
Movement of the gases up through chimney 18 is assisted by means draft device 16 to which air i5 supplied by alr source ~.,
Claims (21)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. Apparatus for burning solid materials comprising a com-bustion chamber; a fuel chamber communicating with said combustion chamber; a heat exchange chamber situated laterally of said com-bustion chamber, said heat exchange chamber including a heat exchange means; a tunnel connecting said combustion chamber to said heat exchange chamber, said tunnel being adapted to conduct flue gases from said combustion chamber to said heat exchange chamber, said tunnel including walls having inside and outside surfaces, at least one of said walls being adapted to transmit energy by radiation from the outside surface thereof to said heat exchange means.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the dimensions of said tunnel and the difference between the pressure of flue gases entering the tunnel and the pressure of the flue gases exiting the tunnel, permits the flue gases to dwell in the tunnel for a sufficient period of time to effect additional combustion of uncombusted materials therein.
3. Apparatus according to claim 2 wherein at least a portion of said tunnel is situated within said heat exchange chamber.
4. Apparatus according to claim 3 wherein said tunnel walls are composed of a refractory material.
5. Apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3 including means for directing flue gases exiting from said tunnel against the outside surfaces of at least certain of the tunnel walls.
6. Apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3 including means to change direction of travel of gases flowing through said tunnel to thereby increase the effective length of said tunnel.
7. A device according to claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein said tunnel is substantially horizontal.
8. Apparatus for burning solid materials comprising a com-bustion chamber; a fuel chamber situated above said combustion chamber and communicating therewith by way of an opening in the top of said combustion chamber; a heat exchange chamber situated laterally of said combustion chamber, said heat exchange chamber including a heat exchange means; a tunnel connecting said combus-tion chamber to said heat exchange chamber, said tunnel being adapted to conduct flue gases from said combustion chamber to said heat exchange chamber r said tunnel being adapted to cause secon-dary combustion in said gases during passage therethrough, said tunnel including walls having inside and outside surfaces at least a portion of said passage being situated in said combustion cham-ber; at least one said wall being adapted to transmit energy by radiation from the outside thereof to said heat exchange means.
9. Apparatus according to claim 8 wherein said walls of said tunnel are composed of a refractory material.
10. Apparatus according to claim 8 comprising a wood burning furnace wherein said tunnel is slightly inclined from the horizon-al and is located within said heat exchange chamber.
11. Apparatus according to claim 10 including a wall between said heat exchange chamber and said combustion chamber having an opening therein, said tunnel being in communication with said opening in said wall between said heat exchange chamber and said combustion chamber, said walls of said tunnel being adapted to become incandescent during operation thereby providing a high temperature atmosphere within said tunnel to cause continued combustion of the flue gases therein.
12. Apparatus according to claim 8, 10 or 11 including means for directing flue gases emerging from said tunnel against at least one of said outside wall surfaces.
13. Apparatus according to claim 8 wherein said tunnel includes an exit which is oriented so as to cooperate with said heat exchanger chamber wall surface, to direct flue gases emerging from said exit into contact with outside surfaces of said tunnel walls.
14. Apparatus according to claim 3, 8 or 11 including means for supplying air above atmospheric pressure to said combustion chamber.
15. Apparatus according to claim 3, 8 or 11 including an air supply source, means for conducting air from said air supply source to a draft device and means for providing preheated air to the combustion chamber by way of a pipe passing through the heat exchanger chamber.
16. Apparatus according to claim 1, 8 or 13 wherein the dimensions of said tunnel and the pressure differential of the flue gases over the length of said tunnel, permit the flue gases to dwell in the tunnel for a sufficient period of time during passage therethrough to effect additional combustion of uncombusted materials therein.
17. Apparatus according to claim 13 wherein said tunnel is positioned below said heat exchange means in said heat exchanger chamber.
18. Apparatus according to claim 3, 8 or 11 including a draft means for assisting movement of said flue gases.
19. Apparatus according to claim 8 wherein said tunnel is substantially horizontal.
20. Apparatus according to claim 1, 8 or 13 wherein said tunnel slants downward in the direction of travel of said flue gases.
21. Apparatus according to claim 8, 11 or 13 wherein said solid fuel chamber is surrounded by water.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000362805A CA1144829A (en) | 1980-10-20 | 1980-10-20 | Solid fuel furnace |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000362805A CA1144829A (en) | 1980-10-20 | 1980-10-20 | Solid fuel furnace |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1144829A true CA1144829A (en) | 1983-04-19 |
Family
ID=4118201
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000362805A Expired CA1144829A (en) | 1980-10-20 | 1980-10-20 | Solid fuel furnace |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1144829A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2745072A1 (en) * | 1996-02-20 | 1997-08-22 | Tabel Rene | CONTINUOUSLY FEEDED PARCELLIZED SOLID FUEL BOILER |
-
1980
- 1980-10-20 CA CA000362805A patent/CA1144829A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2745072A1 (en) * | 1996-02-20 | 1997-08-22 | Tabel Rene | CONTINUOUSLY FEEDED PARCELLIZED SOLID FUEL BOILER |
| WO1997031224A1 (en) * | 1996-02-20 | 1997-08-28 | Tabel Rene | Boiler continuously supplied with solid fuel batches |
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