CA1140070A - Belt conveyor - Google Patents

Abstract

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE

A belt conveyor has a carrying belt unit including a carrying belt which has an upper load run and a plurality of supporting rollers to support the latter, and a friction belt unit having a friction belt which has one run in fric-tional contact with the upper load run of the carrying belt.
The friction belt is guided by a plurality of bearing rol-lers and deviating rollers, the latter being downwardly off-set relative to the bearing rollers. The upper load run is trough-shaped and has two lateral inclined portions sup-ported by inclined supporting rollers, and a central portion with which the one run of the friction belt is in contact.

Description

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l The present invention relates to a belt conveyor.
More particularly, it relates to a belt conveyor which has a trough-shaped upper load-carrying run whose inclined lateral portions are supported by inclined supporting rollers, whereas a flat central portion of the run is in frictional contact with one run of a friction belt guided by bearing rollers.
Belt conveyors of the above-mentioned general type are disclosed in the German patent 592,657 and German Ofenle-gungsschrift 2,412,156. It has been reco~nized that in such belt conveyors the load which is required for transmission of the driving force and applied by the carrying belt to the fric-tion belt, is distributed non-uniformly over the contact surfaces of the belts. Since both the carrying belt and the friction belt are flexible in a certain range, considerable tension de-' velops because of the varying forces between the lower surface of the carrying belt and the upper surface of the friction belt. This results in the driving force being transmittea to the carrying belt only under conditions of relatively great friction slip, which leads to a considerable wear between the carrying belt and the friction belt, so that finally thecarrying belt does not run parallel to the friction belt.
Especially in high-speed conveyors the latter-mentioned dis-advantage has the result that the carrying bel-t, in spite of the fact that it is supported by the lateral supporting rollers, becomes separated from the friction bel-t and loses its fric-tional contact with the same.
In order to eliminate the above-mentioned disadvan-tages, a belt conveyor with an intermediate drive has been pro-~ posed in the German patent 907,877. This intermediate drive is formed as a sprocket chain on which a plurality of discs are

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1 consecutively arranged. The discs have a friction face which - engages with the central region of the conveyor belt and drives ` both runs of ~he conveyor belt by the friction contact. The discs of the sprocket chain, provided with friction layers form an interrupted support so that the band tension between the conveyor belt and the discs can be compensated.
The above-described known conveyor belt with the intermediate drive has the disadvantage that the sprocket chain ; with the bearing discs can provide for only a small speed of movement. A further disadvantage of this conveyor belt with the intermediate drive is that the conveyor belt sags between the bearing discs and thereby rubs on the edges of the bearing discs, which results in a high degree of wear.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a belt conveyor which avoids the disadvantages of - the prior art.
More particularly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a belt conveyor in which no tension de-velops between the carrying belt and the friction belt, and the wear of these belts is very low.
In keeping with these objects and with others which will become apparent hereinafter, one feature of the present invention resides, briefly stated, in that a plurality of deviating rollers are provided between bearing rollers of a friction belt which engages a carrying belt of the bearing rollers and being spaced from one another lengthwise of the belt by a distance which is at most equal to the double width of the carrying belt.
In such a construction, the upper run of the fric-tion belt (which is located below the upper run of the carrying `' 1 belt) is repeatedly urged against and then away from thelower side of the carrying belt~ so that no tension develops between the friction belt and the carrying belt. The thus-performed driving of the carrying belt which is intermittent at regular distances results in a self-adjusted slip between the carrying belt and the friction belt so that no great damaging forces can act upon the carrying belt. Since the friction force which acts upon the carrying belt continuously travels through the carrying belt, no local overloading takes place, whereby the wear of the carrying belt and the friction belt is small.
It is advantageous when the carrying belt is provid-ed, on the lower side of its central region, with a layer of a highly wear-resistant material. Such a layer has relatively small friction characteristics relative to the friction belt;
however, it has the advantage that it prevents local overload-ing of the carrying belt under the action of a driving force.
In the belt conveyor in accordance with the present invention, the carrying belt can be driven at a higher speed than before and runs completely parallel to the friction belt so that the carrying belt and the friction belt can also move along a curved path.
In accordance with another advantageous feature of the present invention, the bearing rollers and the deviating rollers of the friction belt may have an identical diameter, and the axes of the deviating rollers may be located in a plane which is situated below the plane wherein the axes of the bearing rollers are located. In this case each of the deviating rollers may be arranged between two bearing rollers.

07~) :, 1 The carrying belt lies on the friction belt between the bearing rollers of the latter so that a relatively high ' driving force can also be transmitted from the friction ; belt to the carrying belt.
The friction belt may be formed as a flat band, particularly as a toothed band. It also may be formed as a chain or a cable or rope. When the friction belt is formed by a relatively small element it is advantageous to provide several such friction belts located parallel and laterally adjacent to one another. In this case it is advantageous when at least one of the friction belt runs in a phase which is opposite to the phase of the other ~riction belts. The second-mentioned friction belts are guided about one deviating roller whereas the first-mentioned friction belt lies on the carrying belt.
In accordance with a further feature of the present invention, the bearing rollers and the deviating rollers of the friction belts are located between the side walls of a frame of a drive unit, the side walls being formea as a parallel linkage including a plurality of flat bars articulately con-nected with one another in at least three pivotal pcints. ~he side walls are connected to the frame through the upper pivotal points wherein the axes of the bearing rollers are located, and the middle pivotal points wherein the axes ofthe deviating rollers are located. I~hen the frame holding the bearing rol-lers, the deviating rollers and required driving rollers ls so constructed, it is possible to move -the side walls more or less so that they match to the length of the required drive unit. Furthermore, it is possible by differen-t movements of both side walls of the frame of the drive unit and thereby 1 the friction belt, to attain a desired curvature so that ; the drive unit can satisfy the respective requirement made thereto.
Since the drive unit of the belt conveyor can be curved and shortened or elongated in accordance with the ap-plied force, therefore in accordance with a further feature of the present invention, it is proposed to form the walls of the frame accommodating the supporting rollers of the carrying belt, also as a parallel linkage. Such a frame can match to land unevenness and also can be shortened or elonga-ted and curved in a horizontal plane, whereby the belt con-veyor can run along a curved land path. When the belt convey-or is so constructed, it is possible to set the drive units independently of the frame of the carrying belt. It is also possible to connect the frames of the drive unit with the frame of the carrying belt so that by elongating, shortening or curving of the big frame of the carrying belt the frames of the drive units will simultaneously be respectively adjusted.
The novel features which are considered as character-2G istic for the invention are set forth in particular in the ap-pended claims. The invention itself, however, both as to its construction and its method of operation, together with addi-tional objects and advantages thereof, will be best understood from the following description of specific embodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a side view showing a loading end of a belt conveyor in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view showing an unloading end of the belt conveyor with two drive units for a load run and one drive unit for an idle run of a carrying belt;

- 1 FIG. 3 iS a view showing a section taken on the line III-III in FIG. l;
FIG. 4 is a view showing a section taken on the line IV-IV in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a view showing a section of the load run of the carrying belt, and a friction belt which is formed by three cable ropes;
FIG. 6 is a view showing a section of the carrying belt provided with a layer of a highly wear-resistant material in the central region of the same;
FIG. 7 iS a view showing a section corresponding to that shown in FIG. 6, but wherein the layer of the highly wear-resistant material has ribs between which the friction belt is guided;
FIG. 8 is a side view of a drive unit which can be shortened or elongated as well as curved;
FIG. 9 is a view showing an unloading end o~ the : belt conveyor with the drive unit which can be shortened or elongated;
FIG. 10 is a view showing a section taken on the line X-X in FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is a view showing a section taken on the line XI-XI in FIG. 12 and depicting an adjustable drive unit with three friction belts;
FIG. 12 is a view showing a section taken on the line XII-XII in FIG. 11;
FIG. 13 is a side view of parts o~ the frame of the belt conveyor, which parts can be shortened and elongated;
FIG. 14 is a view showing a section taken on the line XIV-XIV in FIG. 13;

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. 1 FIG. 15 is a diagrammatic view of a belt conveyor with adjustable frame and drive units; and FIG~ 16 is a view showing a terrain-following sup-port for the conveyor frame.
A belt conveyor in accordance with the present inven-tion has an endless carrying belt 1 for receiving loads to be .
conveyed, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The carrying belt 1 has an upper run which is formed as a trough-shaped load run 1 and a lower run which is formed as a flat idle run 1". A
. 10 loading end of the belt conveyor is identified by re~erence numeral 3 whereas an unloading end thereof is identified by reference numeral 2.
For supporting and guiding the carrying belt 1, a plurality of rollers is provided. They include a reversing roller 4 and a tension roller 5 at the loading end 3 and the unloading end 2, horizontally supporting rollers 6 which sup-; port the load run 1' in its flat central region, inwardly in-clined supporting rollers 7 which support the inclined regions of the trough-shaped load run 1', and supporting rollers 8 which support the idle run 1". As can be seen from FIGS. 3 and 4, the supporting rollers 6, 7 and 8 are rotatably mounted in a frame 9.
Three drive units 10 serve for driving the carrying belt 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Two drive units 10 engage with the load run 1', whereas one drive unit 10 engages with the idle run 1". Each of the drive ~mits includes at least one endless friction belt 11 which is driven by at least one driving roller 12 and has an upper run 11' which is in frictional con-tact with the carrying belt 1. The upper run 11' of the friction belt 11 moves on supporting rollers 13 which are located at equal 4~

1 distances fro~ one another and perform the functions of the horizontally supporting rollers 6 of the carrying belt 1.
Deviating rollers 14 which deviate the upper run of the fric-tion belt downwardly, are located at distances A from one another. Between two successive deviating rollers 14,two or three supporting rollers 13 may be arranged.
In accordance with the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the axes of the supporting rollers 13 and the deviating rollers 14 of the upper run of the friction belt 11 are located in a common plane, and each deviating roller 14 located between a pair of the supporting rollers 13 has a substantially smaller diameter than the supporting rollers so that, the load run 1' which somewhat sags above the deviating rollers 14 does not contact with the deviating rollers 14 which rotate in a direc-tion opposite to the direction of conveying. However, for pur-poses of easier manufacture and mounting, the supporting rollers 13 and the deviating rollers 14 may have an identical diameter, in which case the deviating rollers 14 are located lower than the supporting rollers 13.
The lower run of the friction belt 11 is guided by auxiliary rollers 15 which support the lower run. The driving rollers 12, the supporting rollers 13, the deviating rollers 14 and the auxiliary rollers 15 are located between side walls 16 and 17 of the drive unit 10. The drive unit 10 for the idle run 1" is mounted on a lower transverse 18 of the frame 9, and the drive unit 10 for the load run 1' is mounted on a middle traverse 19 of the frame 9. Bearing brackets 21 and supporting brackets 22 for bearing the supporting rollers 6 and 7 are mounted on an upper traverse 20 of the frame 9.
As shown in FIG. 4, the upper traverse 20 in the _g_ 7~ !

1 region of the belt conveyor where the drive unit lO engag-ing with the load run 1' is located, is subdivided into two traverses 20 whose inner ends are mountea on the middle tra-verse 19 of the frame 9 through partitions 23~ Inner ends of the inclined supporting rollers 7 are supported on upper portions of the partitions 23, the upper portions being bent off.
In the belt conveyor shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the drive unit 10 has one deviating rollers 14 between each pair of the supporting rollers 13. In the regions between the suces-sive supporting rollers 13, the lower side of the load run 1 is in frictional contact with the friction belt 11. This frictional contact is interrupted at the distance A which sub-stantially corresponds, in accordance with this embodiment, to the width of the carrying belt 1. Thereby, no tension can develop between the friction belt 11 and the carrying belt 1.
;~ The frictional contact between the friction belt 11 and the carrying belt 1 is such that the specific friction load is relatively small and thereby only small pulling force can be introduced in the carrying belt 1. By such intermittent pulling of the carrying belt 1 it is possible to drive extremely wide carrying belts with relatively small pulling strength in spite of non-uniform loading thereof at higher speed through wide paths. Since the adherence between the carrying belt and the friction belt can be maintained relatively small, sel-E-adjustable slippage takes place even in the event when the load run is highly loaded.
It is advantageous when the drive units 10 are self-contained structural units which can be, in accordance with the requirements, inserted into the frame 9 of the belt conveyor.

o 1 The drive unit 10 are particularly arranged in the loading region 3 and in the region of inclination. The drive units 10 and the guides of the belt conveyor 1 can be so located that the lower run of the friction belt 11, which moves in a direction opposite to the direction of transportation, is in frictional contact with the inner side of the lower run 1"
of the carrying belt 1 and drives the same. The lower run of the friction belt 11 may be so guided by the pressure rollers and deviating rollers that an intermittent pulling movement is performed, as was described with respec-t to the upper run.
As depicted in FIG. 5, the friction belt 11 can be formed by one of several steel cable ropes. In this case, an insert 24 of a highly wear-resistant material is provided on a lower side of the carrying belt 1 and has a plurality of longi-tudinal grooves 25 in which the steel cable ropes 26 engage.
The supporting rollers 13 and the deviating rollers 14 may be provided with annular grooves 27 in which the steel cable ropes 26 are guided.
FIG. 6 shows a carrying belt which is characterized in that it is driven by a flat friction belt. In accordance with this, the lower side of the highly wear-resistant insert 24 is flat. The carrying belt is provided with a transverse reinforcement 28. Since only small pulling force acts upon the carrying belt 1, a longitudinal reinforcement 29 may be relatively weak and serves only for edge reinforcing.
The highly wear-resistant insert 24 shown in FIG. 7 has two longitudinal ribs 30. A friction belt formed by an up-wardly flatted steel cable rope can be guided between the ribs 30 of the insert 24.
FIG. 8 shows a drive unit whose ~rame has side walls `` 1~ 7C~

1 formed as an articulated parallel linkage including a plur-- ality of flat bars 31 which are articulately connected with one another. The supporting rollers 13 of the friction belt 11 are located in upper knee points 32 of the side walls, whereas the deviating rollers 14 of the friction belt 11 are located in cross points 34.
In accordance with the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 a lower run 11" of the friction belt 11 is guided similarly to an upper run 11' so that the lower run 11" of the frictlon ~ 10 belt 11 can also be brought into intermittent frictional con-tact with the lower run 1' of the carrying belt 1. The lower run 11" of the friction belt 11 is guided by pivot rollers 35 which are located in cross points 34, and about pressure rol-lers 36 which are located in lower knee points 33 of the side walls 16 and 17.
The drive unit shown in FIG. 8 can be shortened to one fourth of its maximum length or lengthened to four times its minimum length, so that this unit can be adapted to differ-ent requirements. For instance, for an ascending path several shortened drive units can be provided, whereas for a descending path of the belt conveyor only one largely increased drive unit can be provided. The drive unit shown in FIG. 8 can match to a curved path by different shortening and elongating of the side walls. Since the friction belt is guided from the outer supporting rollers 13 or pressure rollers 36 to the inner deviat-ing rollers 14 or 35, the length of the required friction belt 11 remains constant in spite of elongating or shortening of the drive unit 10 in wide ranges. When the thus-formed walls are displaced toward one another the pivotal points located in the ` same plane move closer to each other, and the pivotal points v~0 1 located in different planes simultaneously move away from each other. At the same time, during such displacement the angle of wrapping of the friction belt 11 about the supporting rollers 13, the deviating rollers 14 and 35, and the pressure roller 36 are increased. Thereby, an automatic length adjust-ment is performed. The length of the friction belt 11 is thus independent of whether the drive unit provided with the thus-formed side walls is more or less compressed or stretched.
The driving roller 12 may be formed as a deviating roller which is located at the unloading end and engages with the idle run 11" of the friction belt. The side walls of the drive frame formed as the above-mentioned parallel linkage, are articulately mounted on supports 37 provided with a fixed pivot 38 fox the upper pivotal point of the articulated bars and with a displaceable pivot 39 for the lower pivotal point of the articulated bars 31. The supports 37 are connected with a rigid frame through traverses 40.
FIG. 9 shows the unloading end 2 of the belt conveyor with the drive unit 10 whose frame walls are formed by articu-lated parallel linka~es having articulated bars 31' with fourpivotal points. In this drive unit, the axes of the deviating rollers 14 for the upper r~ln 11' of the friction belt 11 are located in the upper cross points 34', whereas the deviating rollers 35 of the lower run 11" of the friction belt are locat-ed in the lower cross points 34" of the thus-formed walls.
Since in the side walls formed as a parallel linkage with four pivotal points a respective articulated bar 31' of the guide of the lower run 11" is independent of the guide of the upper run 11', the lower run 11" can be so guided through more or less usual returns that the length of the frictionlbelt 1 is constantly independent of the extent to which the walls are compressed or stretched. The friction belt 11 is driven by one driving roller 12 which is mounted in a head wall 41 of a rigid supporting frame of the drive unit. The fixed pivot 38 and the displaceable pivot 39 are arranged on the . head wall 41. The head walls 41 may be fixedly connected with one another by a rigid tubular traverse 40. ~ tension roller 42 is mounted in the head walls 41, the tension roller adapted to adjust the tension of the friction belt 10 11.
FIG. lo shows a cross-section of the belt conveyor shown in FIG. 9. The supporting rollers 7 and 8 as well as 6 of the carrying belt 1 are mounted on the rigid frame 9 whose side walls are formed by an elongated support 42. The frame 9 of the conveyor has the middle traverses 19 whereon ; the drive unit 10 is supported.
FIGS. 11 and 12 show parts of the drive unit which has a construction similar to that of the drive unit of FIGS. 9 and 10. However, in this drive unit instead of one wide fric-tion belt 11 three respectively smaller friction belts lla,llb and llc are provided, located adjacent to one ano-ther.
These friction belts are so guided that both outer friction belts llb and llc are guided on the same supporting rollers 13 and the deviating rollers 14, whereas the middle support-ing belt lla runs in the opposite phase relative to the outer ,.
friction belts llb and llc and is guided about the deviating .
rollers 14' located between the deviating rollers 14 and the supporting rollers 13 of the outer friction belts llb and llc. By subdividing of a wider friction belt into several smaller friction belts the tension developed between the 1 friction belt and carrying belt and thereby the wear on the lower side of ~he carrying belt can be reduced. Furthermore, the drive unit in accordance with FIGS. 11 and 12 has the advantage that it can be curved greater, and the friction belts lla, llb and llc follow its curvature and thereby re-spectively control the carrying belt.
As shown in FIG. 13, the longitudinal support 43 of the conveyor frame 9 can be completely or partially formed as walls composed of articulated parallel linkages which in-clude cross articulated bars 44 connected with each other inupper knee points 50, lower knee points 57 and cross points 52. The thus-formed walls are connected at their ends through a fixed pivotal point 45 and a displaceable pivotal point 46 to supports 47. The supports 47 have connecting plates 54 to which the walls are connected above by the fixed pivotal point 45 and below by the displaceable pivotal point 46 which moves in a guide 55.
The supporting rollers 6 and 7 for the upper run 1' of the carrying belt 1 as well as the supporting rollers 8 for the lower run 1" of the carrying belt are mounted on a roller frame 48 which are pivoted in a plane of the fixed pivotal point 45 of the thus-formed walls and is held in the plane of the displaceable pivotal point 46 of the guide 49. Thereby the roller frames are held parallel to one another~ After loading of the carrying belt the walls formed as a parallel linkage car. be more or less stretched. Thereby, it is possi-ble to manufacture structural units which can be utilized for different loading conditions withou~ performing constructive changes thereof. Such structural units which have at least 7C~

1 two supporting frames 47 and the walls formed by parallel linkage therebetween, can be provided with similar longitud-inally adjustable drive unit 10.
- FIG. 15 is a diagrammatic view oE the inventive belt conveyor. The part shown in this Figure has three structural units, two of which are provided with a drive unit 10. The ends of the side walls of the drive units 10 are similarly supported on the supports 47 of the conveyor frame. In order to provide for matching of the conveyor frame to the contours of terrain over which the conveyor passes, at least a pair of connecting plates 54 may be mounted on the support 47, pivotable about a horiziontal axis 53 (FIG. 16). Thereby, it is possible for the plane of the supporting rollers 6 of one structural part to be pivoted by 2 or 3 grades relative to the next following part.
Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of the present invention that others can by applying current knowledge readily adapt it for various appli-cations without omitting features that, from the standpointof prior art, fairly constitute~lessential characteristics of the generic or specific aspects of this invention.

Claims (10)

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclu-sive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:

1. A belt conveyor, comprising a carrying belt unit which includes an endless carrying belt having a predetermined width and a trough-shaped upper load-carrying run movable in a direction of transportation and having two inclined side por-tions and a flat central portion located between said side por-tions, and a plurality of inclined supporting rollers arranged to support and guide said load-carrying run of said carrying belt unit and engaging said side portion of said load-carrying run; and at least one friction belt unit which includes an endless friction belt having one run which is movable in said direction and is in frictional contact with said central por-tion of said load-carrying run of said carrying belt, a plur-ality of bearing rollers arranged to support and guide said one run of said friction belt, and a plurality of deviating rollers which are located between and offset downwardly rela-tive to said bearing rollers so that said one run of said friction belt moves about said deviating rollers and is alter-nately guided by the same into and out of frictional contact with said load-carrying run, each of said deviating rollers being located between two successive bearing rollers and so that no more than two bearing rollers are located between two successive deviating rollers, said deviating rollers being spaced from one another in said direction by a distance which is at most equal to double the width of said carrying belt, whereby said load-carrying run of said carrying belt of said carrying unit runs parallel to said one run of said friction belt of said friction belt unit, even in condition of variable loads and high conveying speeds.

2. A belt conveyor as defined in claim 1, wherein said bearing rollers and said deviating rollers of said fric-tion belt unit have an identical diameter, said bearing rol-lers having axes located in a first plane, and said deviating rollers having axes located in a second plane which is down-wardly offset relative to said first plane.

3. A belt conveyor as defined in claim 1, wherein said bearing rollers and said deviating rollers have axes which are located in a common plane, said deviating rollers having a diameter which is smaller than that of said bearing rollers.

4. A belt conveyor as defined in claim 1, wherein each of said bearing rollers follows one of said deviating rollers.

5. A belt conveyor as defined in claim 1, wherein each of said deviating rollers is located between two succes-sive bearing rollers.

6. A belt conveyor as defined in claim 1, wherein said bearing rollers are spaced from one another by equal dis-tances, said deviating rollers being spaced from each other by a distance which is twice as large as the distance between said bearing rollers.

7. A belt conveyor as defined in claim 1, wherein said friction belt is a rope.

8. A belt conveyor as defined in claim 1, wherein said friction belt unit further includes two further friction belts which are spaced from one another and from the first-mentioned friction belt in a direction transverse to the direction of transportation, and the one run of each friction belt is in frictional contact with said upper run of said carrying belt.

9. A belt conveyor as defined in claim 1; and fur-ther comprising a frame which has side walls formed as a parallel linkage mounting said bearing rollers and said de-viating rollers on said frame, said parallel linkage includ-ing a plurality of flat bars which cross and are articulately connected with each other.

10. A belt conveyor as defined in claim 9, wherein said parallel linkage forming said side walls has upper knee points in which axes of said bearing rollers are located, and cross points in which axes of said deviating rollers are located, said one run of said friction belt being an upper run and guid-ed by said bearing rollers and some of said deviating rollers.