CA1136699A - Lithium battery - Google Patents
Lithium batteryInfo
- Publication number
- CA1136699A CA1136699A CA000347840A CA347840A CA1136699A CA 1136699 A CA1136699 A CA 1136699A CA 000347840 A CA000347840 A CA 000347840A CA 347840 A CA347840 A CA 347840A CA 1136699 A CA1136699 A CA 1136699A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- battery
- lithium battery
- positive electrode
- negative electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 abstract description 27
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/50—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance, e.g. for maintaining operating temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/16—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure In a lithium battery having a negative electrode formed by lithium as active material and a positive electrode formed by manganese dioxide, carbon fluoride or the like as active material, the discharge capacity of the negative electrode is smaller than the discharge capacity of the positive electrode, whereby a drop in the battery voltage at the final discharge stage is steepened, thereby to prevent a device using such lithium battery as power supply from operating in an unstable manner, so as to improve the reliability of such device.
Description
113~;~9'9 specification LITHIUM BATTERV
~ield of the Invention The present invention relates to improvements in a lithium battery havina a negative electrode formed by lithium as active material and a positive electrode formed by manganese dioxide, carbon fluoride or the like as active material, and is characterized in that a drop in the battery voltage at the final dischar~e stage is steepened.
Backaround of the Invention A lithium battery employs, as a neqative electrode active material, lithium having a larae electronegativity, and therefore has a characteristic feature that it can provide a hiqh voltaae of about 3V when a positive electrode formed bv, for examDle manganese dioxide, carbon fluoride or the like as active material, is combined with such negative electrode to form a battery. Accordingly, only one lithium battery is sufficient for a clock using a liquid crystal display in which two silver batteries ( each supplyinq 1.5V) are a O connected in series to each other. This presents an advantage to simplify the construction of such clock.
In a lithium battery havinq a negative electrode formed bv lithium'as active material and a ~ositive electrode form.ed by, for example manganese dioxide as active material, a~ the discharge reaction is deemed as shown in the following:
MnIV02 + Li . MnIII02(Li ) ~136699 That is, durina the discharae of a lithium battery, lithium of the negative electrode is transferred to the positive electrode and a discharae nroduct is increasingly accumulated in the positive electrode, thereby to increase the internal resistance of the battery.
In order to enhance the coefficient of utilization of the positive electrode, a conventional lithium battery has been formed such that the dischar~e capacity of the negative electrode has been laraer than that of the positive electrode.
/o Thus, such conventional lithium battery has been constructed as a positive-dominated batterv in which the battery dischar~e expires upon the consumption of the positive electrode.
Therefore, such conventional lithium battery has had a characteristic that a drop in volta~e at the final discharge /5 stage has been slow.
Accordinqly, when such conventional lithium batteries have been used as power supply for a device using a liquid crystal display, a LSI or the like, such slow voltage drop at the final discharae staae has presented followinq inconveniences:
a~ A liquid crystal display is generally operable at a voltage of about 2.4V or more and not operable at a voltage of about 1.8V or less. Between 1.8V and 2.4V, it operates in an unstable manner, thereby to possibly provoke an erroneous o~eration of such a device.
as Accordingly, it would not be desirable for a battery to have a characteristic that a drop in voltage at the ~136699 final discharge stage is slow.
Disclosure of the Invention The present invention relates to improvements in a conventional lithium battery, and more particularly to improvements in its characteristic at the final discharge stage that a drop in the battery voltage is slow.
- According to the invention there is provided a lithium battery comprising a negative electrode formed by lithium as active material, a positive electrode and a nonaqueous electrolyte, and characterized in that the discharge capacity of the negative electrode is smaller than the discharge capacity of the positive electrode.
In a lithium battery, the electronegativity of the lithium negative electrode is much larger in the electrode potential than the electropositivity of the positive electrode. By utilizing such fact, a lithium battery according to the present invention is formed such that the discharge capacity of the negative electrode is smaller than that of the positive electrode, so that a drop in voltage at the final discharge stage is steepened.
Namely, the discharge capacity of the lithium negative electrode having an electronegativity much larger than the electropositivity of the positive electrode is smaller than the discharge capacity of the positive electrode.
Thus, a battery of the present invention is constructed as a negative-dominated battery of which the discharge expires upon the consumption of the negative electrode, and a drop in voltage is steepened when the lithium negative electrode having a large electrode potential is consumed.
Brief Description of the Invention ~136699 The invention will further be described by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a partial section view of an embodiment of a lithium batterv in accordance with the present invention;
S Fiq. 2 is a diagram showinq the discharae characteristics of the lithium battery of the present invention and a conventional lithium batterv.
Preferred Embodiments of the Invention The description will first be made of the construction ~O of a lithium battery according to-th~ present invention having a negative electrode formed by lithium as active material and a positive electrode formed by manganese dioxide as active material, with reference to Fig. 1.
A positive electrode 2 of manaanese dioxide is placed on ~5 the bottom of a battery vessel 1.
A lithium rolled plate 4 is placed on the top of the positive eléctrode 2 through a separator layer 3 made of a polypropylene non-woven fabric or others. A lid means 6 is placed on the top of the negative electrode 4 through a ~0 negative collector member 5. The lid means 6 and the peri~hery of the battery vessel 1 are sealingly closed throuah packinq 7.
As an electrolyte, there is used a solution in which lithium perchlorate is being solved in propylene carbonate.
~~ The description hereinafter will discuss in detail one ~136699 embodiment of the lithium battery in accordance with the present invention.
As a negative electrode, there is used a lithium rolled plate having an outer diameter of about 15mm and a thickness of about O.l5mm. Such negative electrode has a discharge capacity of about 50 mAH.
As a positive electrode, a depolarizer mix in which a conductive agent and a binder are being mixed to active material of manqanese dioxide is press-compacted into a plate having ~0 an outer diameter of about 15mm and a thickness of about O.50mm. Such positive electrode has a discharge capacity of about 65 mAH.
As an electrolyte, there is used a solution in which lithium perchlorate is being solved in a solvent of propylene /5 carbonate mixed with 1.2 dimethoxyethane at an equivalent ratio by volume. As a separator layer, a polypropylene non-woven fabric is used. Thus, a flat lithium battery having a capacity of 50 mAH is prepared.
The discharge characteristic of thus prepared battery ~0 with 5.6 K ~ constant load was investigated and obtained as shown by the A curve in Fig~ 2.
As apparent from Fig. 2, since the lithium battery of the present invention is constructed as a negative-dominated battery in which the discharge capacity of the ~5 neqative electrode is smalelr than that of the positive ~13669~
electrode, the battery has such a characteristic that a drop in voltage is steepened from about 2.4V at the final discharge state. ~uch char~cteristic is formed on the basis of the fact that the lithium active material in the negative electrode is transferred to the positive electrode in the discharge reaction of a lithium battery and that the battery voltage is suddenly dropped at the time when the lithium negative electrode is consu~ed since the electronegativity of the lithium negative ~0 electrode is much larger in the electrode potential than the electropositivity o~ the positive electrode.
According to the lithium battery of the present invention, the discharge capacity of the negative electrode formed by lithium as active material is smaller than that 1~ of the ~ositive electrode, thereby to enable a drop in the battery voltaae at the final discharge stage to be steepened.
For the purpose of comparison of the lithium battery of the present invention with a conventional lithium battery, the B curve in Fig. 2 shows the discharge ao characteristic with 5.6 K ~ constant load of a conventional positive-dominated lithium battery having a neaative electrode discharge capacity of about 70 mAH and a positive electrode discharge capacity of about 65 mA~.
As apparent from Fig. 2, the voltage of such a conventional positive-dominated lithium battery is dropped slowly at the final discharge stage.
Industrial Utility According to the lithium battery of the present invention, a drop in the battery voltage at the final discharge stage is steepened. Accordingly, when such lithium battery is used as power supply for a device using a liquid crystaldisplay, a LSI or the like, the period of time during which such liquid crystal display is operated in an unstable manner due to a steep drop in the battery voltage, in other words, the period of time during which an erroneous operation of such device miqht be provoked, can be extremely shortened, thereby to improve the reliability of a device in which a liquid crystal display, a LSI or the like is combined with the lithium ~S battery of the present invention.
~ield of the Invention The present invention relates to improvements in a lithium battery havina a negative electrode formed by lithium as active material and a positive electrode formed by manganese dioxide, carbon fluoride or the like as active material, and is characterized in that a drop in the battery voltage at the final dischar~e stage is steepened.
Backaround of the Invention A lithium battery employs, as a neqative electrode active material, lithium having a larae electronegativity, and therefore has a characteristic feature that it can provide a hiqh voltaae of about 3V when a positive electrode formed bv, for examDle manganese dioxide, carbon fluoride or the like as active material, is combined with such negative electrode to form a battery. Accordingly, only one lithium battery is sufficient for a clock using a liquid crystal display in which two silver batteries ( each supplyinq 1.5V) are a O connected in series to each other. This presents an advantage to simplify the construction of such clock.
In a lithium battery havinq a negative electrode formed bv lithium'as active material and a ~ositive electrode form.ed by, for example manganese dioxide as active material, a~ the discharge reaction is deemed as shown in the following:
MnIV02 + Li . MnIII02(Li ) ~136699 That is, durina the discharae of a lithium battery, lithium of the negative electrode is transferred to the positive electrode and a discharae nroduct is increasingly accumulated in the positive electrode, thereby to increase the internal resistance of the battery.
In order to enhance the coefficient of utilization of the positive electrode, a conventional lithium battery has been formed such that the dischar~e capacity of the negative electrode has been laraer than that of the positive electrode.
/o Thus, such conventional lithium battery has been constructed as a positive-dominated batterv in which the battery dischar~e expires upon the consumption of the positive electrode.
Therefore, such conventional lithium battery has had a characteristic that a drop in volta~e at the final discharge /5 stage has been slow.
Accordinqly, when such conventional lithium batteries have been used as power supply for a device using a liquid crystal display, a LSI or the like, such slow voltage drop at the final discharae staae has presented followinq inconveniences:
a~ A liquid crystal display is generally operable at a voltage of about 2.4V or more and not operable at a voltage of about 1.8V or less. Between 1.8V and 2.4V, it operates in an unstable manner, thereby to possibly provoke an erroneous o~eration of such a device.
as Accordingly, it would not be desirable for a battery to have a characteristic that a drop in voltage at the ~136699 final discharge stage is slow.
Disclosure of the Invention The present invention relates to improvements in a conventional lithium battery, and more particularly to improvements in its characteristic at the final discharge stage that a drop in the battery voltage is slow.
- According to the invention there is provided a lithium battery comprising a negative electrode formed by lithium as active material, a positive electrode and a nonaqueous electrolyte, and characterized in that the discharge capacity of the negative electrode is smaller than the discharge capacity of the positive electrode.
In a lithium battery, the electronegativity of the lithium negative electrode is much larger in the electrode potential than the electropositivity of the positive electrode. By utilizing such fact, a lithium battery according to the present invention is formed such that the discharge capacity of the negative electrode is smaller than that of the positive electrode, so that a drop in voltage at the final discharge stage is steepened.
Namely, the discharge capacity of the lithium negative electrode having an electronegativity much larger than the electropositivity of the positive electrode is smaller than the discharge capacity of the positive electrode.
Thus, a battery of the present invention is constructed as a negative-dominated battery of which the discharge expires upon the consumption of the negative electrode, and a drop in voltage is steepened when the lithium negative electrode having a large electrode potential is consumed.
Brief Description of the Invention ~136699 The invention will further be described by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a partial section view of an embodiment of a lithium batterv in accordance with the present invention;
S Fiq. 2 is a diagram showinq the discharae characteristics of the lithium battery of the present invention and a conventional lithium batterv.
Preferred Embodiments of the Invention The description will first be made of the construction ~O of a lithium battery according to-th~ present invention having a negative electrode formed by lithium as active material and a positive electrode formed by manganese dioxide as active material, with reference to Fig. 1.
A positive electrode 2 of manaanese dioxide is placed on ~5 the bottom of a battery vessel 1.
A lithium rolled plate 4 is placed on the top of the positive eléctrode 2 through a separator layer 3 made of a polypropylene non-woven fabric or others. A lid means 6 is placed on the top of the negative electrode 4 through a ~0 negative collector member 5. The lid means 6 and the peri~hery of the battery vessel 1 are sealingly closed throuah packinq 7.
As an electrolyte, there is used a solution in which lithium perchlorate is being solved in propylene carbonate.
~~ The description hereinafter will discuss in detail one ~136699 embodiment of the lithium battery in accordance with the present invention.
As a negative electrode, there is used a lithium rolled plate having an outer diameter of about 15mm and a thickness of about O.l5mm. Such negative electrode has a discharge capacity of about 50 mAH.
As a positive electrode, a depolarizer mix in which a conductive agent and a binder are being mixed to active material of manqanese dioxide is press-compacted into a plate having ~0 an outer diameter of about 15mm and a thickness of about O.50mm. Such positive electrode has a discharge capacity of about 65 mAH.
As an electrolyte, there is used a solution in which lithium perchlorate is being solved in a solvent of propylene /5 carbonate mixed with 1.2 dimethoxyethane at an equivalent ratio by volume. As a separator layer, a polypropylene non-woven fabric is used. Thus, a flat lithium battery having a capacity of 50 mAH is prepared.
The discharge characteristic of thus prepared battery ~0 with 5.6 K ~ constant load was investigated and obtained as shown by the A curve in Fig~ 2.
As apparent from Fig. 2, since the lithium battery of the present invention is constructed as a negative-dominated battery in which the discharge capacity of the ~5 neqative electrode is smalelr than that of the positive ~13669~
electrode, the battery has such a characteristic that a drop in voltage is steepened from about 2.4V at the final discharge state. ~uch char~cteristic is formed on the basis of the fact that the lithium active material in the negative electrode is transferred to the positive electrode in the discharge reaction of a lithium battery and that the battery voltage is suddenly dropped at the time when the lithium negative electrode is consu~ed since the electronegativity of the lithium negative ~0 electrode is much larger in the electrode potential than the electropositivity o~ the positive electrode.
According to the lithium battery of the present invention, the discharge capacity of the negative electrode formed by lithium as active material is smaller than that 1~ of the ~ositive electrode, thereby to enable a drop in the battery voltaae at the final discharge stage to be steepened.
For the purpose of comparison of the lithium battery of the present invention with a conventional lithium battery, the B curve in Fig. 2 shows the discharge ao characteristic with 5.6 K ~ constant load of a conventional positive-dominated lithium battery having a neaative electrode discharge capacity of about 70 mAH and a positive electrode discharge capacity of about 65 mA~.
As apparent from Fig. 2, the voltage of such a conventional positive-dominated lithium battery is dropped slowly at the final discharge stage.
Industrial Utility According to the lithium battery of the present invention, a drop in the battery voltage at the final discharge stage is steepened. Accordingly, when such lithium battery is used as power supply for a device using a liquid crystaldisplay, a LSI or the like, the period of time during which such liquid crystal display is operated in an unstable manner due to a steep drop in the battery voltage, in other words, the period of time during which an erroneous operation of such device miqht be provoked, can be extremely shortened, thereby to improve the reliability of a device in which a liquid crystal display, a LSI or the like is combined with the lithium ~S battery of the present invention.
Claims
1. A lithium battery comprising a negative electrode formed by lithium as active material, a positive electrode and a nonaqueous electrolyte, and characterized in that the discharge capacity of the negative electrode is smaller than the discharge capacity of the positive electrode.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP54-33095/1979 | 1979-03-19 | ||
| JP3309579A JPS55124962A (en) | 1979-03-19 | 1979-03-19 | Lithium cell |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1136699A true CA1136699A (en) | 1982-11-30 |
Family
ID=12377097
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000347840A Expired CA1136699A (en) | 1979-03-19 | 1980-03-18 | Lithium battery |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS55124962A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1136699A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3010549C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2452182A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2045513B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| USD421315S (en) | 1995-10-12 | 2000-02-29 | John Manufacturing Limited | Senior signal lantern |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2025489C3 (en) * | 1969-10-27 | 1982-11-18 | Toshiso Dr. Tokyo Kamai | Galvanic dry element |
| JPS4830676U (en) * | 1971-08-20 | 1973-04-14 | ||
| US3904432A (en) * | 1972-04-19 | 1975-09-09 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Metal permanganate and metal periodate organic electrolyte cells |
| US4129686A (en) * | 1977-11-16 | 1978-12-12 | Union Carbide Corporation | Pronged anode collector for internally shorting galvanic cells |
-
1979
- 1979-03-19 JP JP3309579A patent/JPS55124962A/en active Pending
-
1980
- 1980-03-17 GB GB8008905A patent/GB2045513B/en not_active Expired
- 1980-03-18 CA CA000347840A patent/CA1136699A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-03-18 FR FR8006020A patent/FR2452182A1/en active Granted
- 1980-03-19 DE DE3010549A patent/DE3010549C2/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS55124962A (en) | 1980-09-26 |
| GB2045513B (en) | 1983-01-26 |
| FR2452182B1 (en) | 1983-11-25 |
| GB2045513A (en) | 1980-10-29 |
| FR2452182A1 (en) | 1980-10-17 |
| DE3010549A1 (en) | 1980-10-02 |
| DE3010549C2 (en) | 1982-06-16 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |