CA1134589A - Beveled lobe anti-skid grating and method of manufacturing same - Google Patents
Beveled lobe anti-skid grating and method of manufacturing sameInfo
- Publication number
- CA1134589A CA1134589A CA000348838A CA348838A CA1134589A CA 1134589 A CA1134589 A CA 1134589A CA 000348838 A CA000348838 A CA 000348838A CA 348838 A CA348838 A CA 348838A CA 1134589 A CA1134589 A CA 1134589A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- plate
- grating
- punch
- lobes
- gripping means
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D47/00—Making rigid structural elements or units, e.g. honeycomb structures
- B21D47/005—Making gratings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
- E01D19/12—Grating or flooring for bridges; Fastening railway sleepers or tracks to bridges
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
- E04C2/42—Gratings; Grid-like panels
- E04C2/427—Expanded metal or other monolithic gratings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
- E04F11/02—Stairways; Layouts thereof
- E04F11/104—Treads
- E04F11/16—Surfaces thereof; Protecting means for edges or corners thereof
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Tires In General (AREA)
Abstract
Beveled Lobe Anti-Skid Grating And Method of Manufacturing Same Abstract An improved anti-skid tread or grating design is provided with gripping members or rosettes having a plurality of upstanding individual lobes which are con-figured in such a way and project high enough to provide an excellent gripping surface. The lobes of the design are self-cleaning, and have non-continuous gripping edges at their crests that accommodate a greater build up of ice or mud without clogging the grating. The invention includes an improved method of making the anti-skid tread or grating.
Description
~3~'t3 Description ~eveled Lobe Anti-Skid Grating And Method of Manufacturin~ Same Technical Field This invention related to an anti-skid tread and, more particularly, to an anti-skid tread having non-continuous, self-cleaning lo~es and a method o~
making same.
Background Art There are a large number of places where steel tread plate is u.sed and, in fact, where it is required, such as on steps, decks and walkways on earthmoving equipment or railroad engines, on bridges, on cranes, and the like. Its use is dictated by its strength and by its ability to have its surface corrugated, roughed or distressed so as to provide an anti-skid, gripping surface. In the past, the desired anti~skid, gripping surface characteristics have been accomplisheds particu-larly under reasonably ideal conditions~ However, under footwear containing heavy mud, or under mud, water and freezing conditions, the corrugated, roughened or dis-tressed surfaces may become clogged or packed with mud and/or ice and become dangerous.
Many of the prior art devices have openings which do provide a cleaning function, but they are shaped in a way that the mud and the like compact in the openings, clogging the openings and rendering the tread less than 10~/o e~ective.
Some prior art devices have a continuous edge for the contact sur~ace of the tread which edge can be-come iced and slippery.
~3~51~3
making same.
Background Art There are a large number of places where steel tread plate is u.sed and, in fact, where it is required, such as on steps, decks and walkways on earthmoving equipment or railroad engines, on bridges, on cranes, and the like. Its use is dictated by its strength and by its ability to have its surface corrugated, roughed or distressed so as to provide an anti-skid, gripping surface. In the past, the desired anti~skid, gripping surface characteristics have been accomplisheds particu-larly under reasonably ideal conditions~ However, under footwear containing heavy mud, or under mud, water and freezing conditions, the corrugated, roughened or dis-tressed surfaces may become clogged or packed with mud and/or ice and become dangerous.
Many of the prior art devices have openings which do provide a cleaning function, but they are shaped in a way that the mud and the like compact in the openings, clogging the openings and rendering the tread less than 10~/o e~ective.
Some prior art devices have a continuous edge for the contact sur~ace of the tread which edge can be-come iced and slippery.
~3~51~3
-2~' Disclosure of Invention .
~ ccording to one aspect of t:he present inven-tion, there is provided a grating for use as a work or walking platform, the grating including a metal plate and a plurality of grippin~ means extending upwardly from the plane of the plate charactexized in that each gripping means has a plurality of radially inwardly and upwardly projecting spaced-apart curved lobes defining an opening therebetween9 the edge wall of each gripping means being continuously radially inwardly and out-wardly smoothly curved along its length to define the lobes and being oriented substantially transverse to the plane of the plate.
According to an~ther aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of malcing a grating having a plurality of gripping means thereon, the method com-prising the steps of placing a metal plate on the surface of a die in a punch press, moving a guide into contact with the plate with the axis of the guide aligned with the axis of the die, moving a fluted punch through the guide downwardly through the plate with a leader of the punch initially contacting and distorting the plate downwardly in the die, ramming the punch through the plate to cut the plate near the edge of the ~5 die, with the outer edges of the flutes on the punch, the flutes continuing to stretch the metal of the plate as they penetrate to cut the plate into a plurality of lobes, the punch shaping the walls of the lobes.
Other aspects, objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent rom a study of the specification, drawings, and appended claims.
Brief ~escription of Drawin~s Fig. l is a top plan view of a gripping member of one prior art device;
-2a-Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken al~ng line 2~2 of Fig~ 1 with a punch and die shown in phantom;
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a portlon of a piece of tread or grating showing improved rosettes or gripping members;
.~ ' .
` ~3~5~
Fig. 4 is an enlarged plan view of a rosette or gripping men~er of the improved design;
Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of a punch and backup ring with the punch penetrating a sheet of metal to form an improved rosette, and, Fig~ 6 is an end view of the punch of Fig. 5.
Best Mode for Carryinq OUt the Invention Referring to the drawings wherein similar reference numerals refer to similar parts throughout~
Figs~ 1 and 2 show one popular prior art grating 10 with a gripping member 12 having a continuous gripping and cl~aning edge 14 struck upward from the plane of the grating 10~ Each gripping member 12 may be made by positioning a backup die 16, shown in phantom in Fig. 2 against the under surface 18 of the plate 20 whereupon a circular punch 22, shown in phantom in Fig. 2, strikes the plate 20 from above and distorts the plate 20 at the edge 24 of the die 16 to form a conical surface 26 extending angularly away from the plate 20. The punch 22 penetrates the plate 20 leaving the continuous edge 14 about a circular aperture 28 in the plate. After a plurality of gripping members 12 are struck from the plane of the plate 20, the plate is turned over so that the edges 14 project upward for gripping the bottoms of footwear walking on the grating. The apertures 28 will provide clean-out openings into which dirt, mud, ice, and the like, can be scraped~ It has been found that the conical surfaces 26 are not long enough and the continuous circular edges 14 can become ice coated and less effective than desired. The mud and ice compacts .~ ~
. ., 3L~3~
in the apertures 28 and, if it dries or freezes there, reduces the gripping and cleaning ability of the grating.
As shown in Figs. 3 and 4, an improved grip~
ping member or rosette 30 is shown struck from a plate 32 to form a grating or tread 34. A plurality of grip-ping members or rosettes 30 project upward from the plate 32, either in an established pattern or in a ran-dom pattern. The pattern of rosettes 30 in the plate 32 forms no part o~ the invention.
Each grippiny member or rosette 30 includes, preferably, three or four lobes 36 extending upwardly from the plane of the plate 32. Each lobe 36 is tongue-shaped or has a somewhat parabolic configuration with the lobe 36 connected to the plate 32 along a circular path at a base 38. Each lobe 36 ascends upward and in-ward to form a crest 40 which i9 spaced from each crest 40 of the remaining lobes 36 to provide a star-shaped opening or aperture 42 between the lobes 36. Aperture 42 is defined by a continuous wall 41 extending around the edges of the lobes 36 and between adjacent lobes 36.
Aperture 42 includes extensions 43 between adjacent lobes 36 which extend from the crest 40 of one lobe to the base 38 thereof and to the crest 40 o~ an adjacent lobe 36. Portions of wall 41 defining extensions 43 between adjacent lobes 36 are preferably diver~ent as they extend from base 38 to their respec-tive crests 40, as is best shown in Fig. 4.
To produce the gripping members or rosettes 30, reference is made to Figs. 5 and 6, wherein a punch 44 is provided which has a base 45 adapted to be connected ~a25~3~
to a moving head of ram ~7 of a punch press, or the like, not shown. ~he punch 44 has a pointed leader 46 and a star-shaped cutting shank 48. The cutting shank 48 may have three or four radially e~tending flutes 50, each flute having a shape in horizontal cross section conforming to the e~tensions 43 of the aperture 42 in the resulting rosette 30. Each flute 50 has a flat end 51, the edges 53 of which form the cutting edge for the punch.
The punch press, not shown, has a guide 52 in which is formed an aparture 54 for receiving and guiding the p~mch 44 therein. A die 56, having circular cutouts or apertures 58, is positioned in the punch press with the axis of each cutout 58 aligned with the axis of an aligned aperture 54 in the guide 52. The die 56 with the cutout or aperture 58 aligned with the punch 44 in the guide 52 forms a backup ring 60 ~or the punch 44.
In practice, the sheet or plate of steel 32 is placed on the top surface 62 of the die 56 whereupon the guide 52 is lowered against the top of the plate 32.
The punch press is actuated to drive the punch 44 through the plate 32 to form the gripping members or rosettes 30 as the material of the plate 32 is deformed and pierced by the punch 44.
The inside diameter of the cutout 58 in the backup ring 60 is slightly larger than the outside diameter of the punch 44 such that the edges 53 of the flat end S1 of the flutes 50 starts cutting the plate 32 on the outer periphery of the punch corresponding to the inner periphery of the die 56. This causes the ~3~5~3~
metal of the plate to be split into individual extensionq 43 of the lobes 36 as the flutes 50 of the punch 44 pushes more metal ahead of it, to stxetch the metal of the plate as it moves through the plate. As the punch 44 completes the penetration of the plate 32 and con-tinues to traverse the openin~ 42 in the plate 32, the walls of the punch 44 will wor]c the walls 41 of the ex-tensions 43 and lobes 36 to shape them al.ong a vertical path or even to give the wall 41 a shape which is slight-ly inwardly tapered or beveled toward the underside ofthe plate 32 as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. Typical of die punch cuts in a plate, a small welt or ledge 66 is left around the top edge of the lobes 36 of the rosette 30 when the punch 44 is withdrawn, which welt or ledge ~6 forms an additional cleaning edge for the rosette 30.
Industrial Applicability With a large number of rosettes or gripping members 30 struck from a plate 32 and the plate is in-verted so that the rosettes 30 project upward from the plate, an improved, efficient and inexpensive tread or grating 10 is provided. The individual crests 40 of the lobes 36 bite into the soles of the footwear to grip and hold the footwear in place~ The shape of the lobes 36 create extensions 43 in the opening there-between which,along with the inwardly and downwardlybevalsd or sloped walls 41, clean mud, ice, and the like, from the soles of the footwear and because of said ex-tensions 43, the residue of mud and ice does not com-pact in the opening 42. The mud and ice is spread out and dispersed so as to loosen it, thereby causing it to ~3~1S~
fall through the opening 42 in the grating under its own weight and from tha force o~ the cleaning ~troke of the footwear across the grating. ~he lobes 36 are taller, sharpar and provide individual points of con tact which improves the anti-skid ancl the self cleaning characteristics of the grating 10. ~~he edges of the lobes 36 are non-continuous in a plane thereby giving non-continuous gripping to footwear hrought in contact therewith~ Non-continuous gripping is considered some~
what preferred in recent United States Government safety specifications. The non-continuous gripping edges of the lobes 36 of the rosettes 30 are not likely to be~
come iced over since pressure on the grating will cause the edges of the crests 40 of the lobes 36 to penetrate and crack the ice loose.
~ ccording to one aspect of t:he present inven-tion, there is provided a grating for use as a work or walking platform, the grating including a metal plate and a plurality of grippin~ means extending upwardly from the plane of the plate charactexized in that each gripping means has a plurality of radially inwardly and upwardly projecting spaced-apart curved lobes defining an opening therebetween9 the edge wall of each gripping means being continuously radially inwardly and out-wardly smoothly curved along its length to define the lobes and being oriented substantially transverse to the plane of the plate.
According to an~ther aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of malcing a grating having a plurality of gripping means thereon, the method com-prising the steps of placing a metal plate on the surface of a die in a punch press, moving a guide into contact with the plate with the axis of the guide aligned with the axis of the die, moving a fluted punch through the guide downwardly through the plate with a leader of the punch initially contacting and distorting the plate downwardly in the die, ramming the punch through the plate to cut the plate near the edge of the ~5 die, with the outer edges of the flutes on the punch, the flutes continuing to stretch the metal of the plate as they penetrate to cut the plate into a plurality of lobes, the punch shaping the walls of the lobes.
Other aspects, objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent rom a study of the specification, drawings, and appended claims.
Brief ~escription of Drawin~s Fig. l is a top plan view of a gripping member of one prior art device;
-2a-Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken al~ng line 2~2 of Fig~ 1 with a punch and die shown in phantom;
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a portlon of a piece of tread or grating showing improved rosettes or gripping members;
.~ ' .
` ~3~5~
Fig. 4 is an enlarged plan view of a rosette or gripping men~er of the improved design;
Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of a punch and backup ring with the punch penetrating a sheet of metal to form an improved rosette, and, Fig~ 6 is an end view of the punch of Fig. 5.
Best Mode for Carryinq OUt the Invention Referring to the drawings wherein similar reference numerals refer to similar parts throughout~
Figs~ 1 and 2 show one popular prior art grating 10 with a gripping member 12 having a continuous gripping and cl~aning edge 14 struck upward from the plane of the grating 10~ Each gripping member 12 may be made by positioning a backup die 16, shown in phantom in Fig. 2 against the under surface 18 of the plate 20 whereupon a circular punch 22, shown in phantom in Fig. 2, strikes the plate 20 from above and distorts the plate 20 at the edge 24 of the die 16 to form a conical surface 26 extending angularly away from the plate 20. The punch 22 penetrates the plate 20 leaving the continuous edge 14 about a circular aperture 28 in the plate. After a plurality of gripping members 12 are struck from the plane of the plate 20, the plate is turned over so that the edges 14 project upward for gripping the bottoms of footwear walking on the grating. The apertures 28 will provide clean-out openings into which dirt, mud, ice, and the like, can be scraped~ It has been found that the conical surfaces 26 are not long enough and the continuous circular edges 14 can become ice coated and less effective than desired. The mud and ice compacts .~ ~
. ., 3L~3~
in the apertures 28 and, if it dries or freezes there, reduces the gripping and cleaning ability of the grating.
As shown in Figs. 3 and 4, an improved grip~
ping member or rosette 30 is shown struck from a plate 32 to form a grating or tread 34. A plurality of grip-ping members or rosettes 30 project upward from the plate 32, either in an established pattern or in a ran-dom pattern. The pattern of rosettes 30 in the plate 32 forms no part o~ the invention.
Each grippiny member or rosette 30 includes, preferably, three or four lobes 36 extending upwardly from the plane of the plate 32. Each lobe 36 is tongue-shaped or has a somewhat parabolic configuration with the lobe 36 connected to the plate 32 along a circular path at a base 38. Each lobe 36 ascends upward and in-ward to form a crest 40 which i9 spaced from each crest 40 of the remaining lobes 36 to provide a star-shaped opening or aperture 42 between the lobes 36. Aperture 42 is defined by a continuous wall 41 extending around the edges of the lobes 36 and between adjacent lobes 36.
Aperture 42 includes extensions 43 between adjacent lobes 36 which extend from the crest 40 of one lobe to the base 38 thereof and to the crest 40 o~ an adjacent lobe 36. Portions of wall 41 defining extensions 43 between adjacent lobes 36 are preferably diver~ent as they extend from base 38 to their respec-tive crests 40, as is best shown in Fig. 4.
To produce the gripping members or rosettes 30, reference is made to Figs. 5 and 6, wherein a punch 44 is provided which has a base 45 adapted to be connected ~a25~3~
to a moving head of ram ~7 of a punch press, or the like, not shown. ~he punch 44 has a pointed leader 46 and a star-shaped cutting shank 48. The cutting shank 48 may have three or four radially e~tending flutes 50, each flute having a shape in horizontal cross section conforming to the e~tensions 43 of the aperture 42 in the resulting rosette 30. Each flute 50 has a flat end 51, the edges 53 of which form the cutting edge for the punch.
The punch press, not shown, has a guide 52 in which is formed an aparture 54 for receiving and guiding the p~mch 44 therein. A die 56, having circular cutouts or apertures 58, is positioned in the punch press with the axis of each cutout 58 aligned with the axis of an aligned aperture 54 in the guide 52. The die 56 with the cutout or aperture 58 aligned with the punch 44 in the guide 52 forms a backup ring 60 ~or the punch 44.
In practice, the sheet or plate of steel 32 is placed on the top surface 62 of the die 56 whereupon the guide 52 is lowered against the top of the plate 32.
The punch press is actuated to drive the punch 44 through the plate 32 to form the gripping members or rosettes 30 as the material of the plate 32 is deformed and pierced by the punch 44.
The inside diameter of the cutout 58 in the backup ring 60 is slightly larger than the outside diameter of the punch 44 such that the edges 53 of the flat end S1 of the flutes 50 starts cutting the plate 32 on the outer periphery of the punch corresponding to the inner periphery of the die 56. This causes the ~3~5~3~
metal of the plate to be split into individual extensionq 43 of the lobes 36 as the flutes 50 of the punch 44 pushes more metal ahead of it, to stxetch the metal of the plate as it moves through the plate. As the punch 44 completes the penetration of the plate 32 and con-tinues to traverse the openin~ 42 in the plate 32, the walls of the punch 44 will wor]c the walls 41 of the ex-tensions 43 and lobes 36 to shape them al.ong a vertical path or even to give the wall 41 a shape which is slight-ly inwardly tapered or beveled toward the underside ofthe plate 32 as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. Typical of die punch cuts in a plate, a small welt or ledge 66 is left around the top edge of the lobes 36 of the rosette 30 when the punch 44 is withdrawn, which welt or ledge ~6 forms an additional cleaning edge for the rosette 30.
Industrial Applicability With a large number of rosettes or gripping members 30 struck from a plate 32 and the plate is in-verted so that the rosettes 30 project upward from the plate, an improved, efficient and inexpensive tread or grating 10 is provided. The individual crests 40 of the lobes 36 bite into the soles of the footwear to grip and hold the footwear in place~ The shape of the lobes 36 create extensions 43 in the opening there-between which,along with the inwardly and downwardlybevalsd or sloped walls 41, clean mud, ice, and the like, from the soles of the footwear and because of said ex-tensions 43, the residue of mud and ice does not com-pact in the opening 42. The mud and ice is spread out and dispersed so as to loosen it, thereby causing it to ~3~1S~
fall through the opening 42 in the grating under its own weight and from tha force o~ the cleaning ~troke of the footwear across the grating. ~he lobes 36 are taller, sharpar and provide individual points of con tact which improves the anti-skid ancl the self cleaning characteristics of the grating 10. ~~he edges of the lobes 36 are non-continuous in a plane thereby giving non-continuous gripping to footwear hrought in contact therewith~ Non-continuous gripping is considered some~
what preferred in recent United States Government safety specifications. The non-continuous gripping edges of the lobes 36 of the rosettes 30 are not likely to be~
come iced over since pressure on the grating will cause the edges of the crests 40 of the lobes 36 to penetrate and crack the ice loose.
Claims (8)
1. A grating for use as a work or walking platform, the grating including a metal plate and a plurality of gripping means extending upwardly from the plane of the plate characterized in that each gripping means has a plurality of radially inwardly and upwardly projecting spaced-apart curved lobes defining an opening therebetween, an edge wall of each gripping means being continuously radially inwardly and outwardly smoothly curved along its length to define the lobes and being oriented substantially transverse to the plane of the plate.
2. A grating according to claim 1, wherein each gripping means has a substantially circular general shape and includes a base at its junction with the plate, and has three or four upwardly and inwardly projecting curved lobes, each lobe converging from a relatively wider portion at the base to a relatively narrower curved portion at its crest.
3. A grating according to claim 1, wherein the wall is bevelled to assist in dispersing mud scraped loose by the lobes of the gripping means.
4. A grating according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the crest of each lobe has an upwardly oriented gripping edge projecting from it to present a non-continuous surface to footwear in contact with the grating.
5. A grating according to any of claim 1 to 3, wherein the plate is a steel plate.
6. A grating according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the wall is substantially perpendicular to the plane of the plate.
7. A grating according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the wall is substantially transverse to the plane of the plate, diametrically opposed portions of the wall converging towards one another toward the underside of the plate.
8. A method of making a grating having a plurality of gripping means thereon, the method com-prising the steps of placing a metal plate on the surface of a die in a punch press, moving a guide into contact with the plate with the axis of the guide aligned with the axis of the die, moving a fluted punch through the guide downwardly through the plate with a leader of the punch initially contacting and distorting the plate downwardly in the die, ramming the punch through the plate to cut the plate near the edge of the die, with the outer edges of the flutes on the punch, the flutes continuing to stretch the metal of the plate as they penetrate to cut the plate into a plurality of lobes, the punch shaping the walls of the lobes.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US8912079A | 1979-06-18 | 1979-06-18 | |
| US089,120 | 1979-06-18 | ||
| USPCT79/00431 | 1979-06-18 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1134589A true CA1134589A (en) | 1982-11-02 |
Family
ID=22215803
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000348838A Expired CA1134589A (en) | 1979-06-18 | 1980-03-31 | Beveled lobe anti-skid grating and method of manufacturing same |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0021591B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS6224562B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1134589A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1980002856A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3684188B2 (en) * | 2001-10-16 | 2005-08-17 | 新キャタピラー三菱株式会社 | Non-slip structure |
| JP4113921B2 (en) | 2002-01-09 | 2008-07-09 | 新キャタピラー三菱株式会社 | Method and apparatus for manufacturing anti-slip material in construction machine |
| NL1022171C2 (en) * | 2002-12-16 | 2004-06-18 | Richard Euwe Voortman | Metal sheet with anti slip profiles, for e.g. stairstep, ramp or load platform, has perforations with prism shaped peripheral surface |
| FR2942984B1 (en) * | 2009-03-16 | 2011-04-08 | Bombrun | METALLIC STAIRCASE MARK, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SUCH MARKET AND STAIRCASE COMPRISING SUCH A MARKET |
| US9194119B2 (en) | 2012-10-04 | 2015-11-24 | ST Global Partners, LLC | Peel and stick decoupling membrane |
| WO2014067533A1 (en) * | 2012-11-02 | 2014-05-08 | Marel A/S | An anti-sticking surface plate structure to be used as a low-friction based material in a food processing apparatus and method for its manufacture |
| CN103644447A (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2014-03-19 | 庄平 | Anti-skid board |
| CN104032947B (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2016-04-06 | 广西柳工机械股份有限公司 | Antiskid plate |
| JP6376149B2 (en) * | 2016-02-01 | 2018-08-22 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | Brake disc rotor for automobile and method for manufacturing the same |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US538467A (en) * | 1895-04-30 | Metallic lathing | ||
| US1044283A (en) * | 1912-03-14 | 1912-11-12 | William D Stanger | Die for forming metal staying-strips. |
| US1166423A (en) * | 1914-11-17 | 1916-01-04 | William S Atwood | Tread-surface. |
| US1215235A (en) * | 1915-01-14 | 1917-02-06 | William S Atwood | Tread-plate. |
| US1268802A (en) * | 1917-03-16 | 1918-06-04 | Joseph E Schumacher | Plaster-board. |
| US1441327A (en) * | 1919-06-14 | 1923-01-09 | Blum Julius | Nonslipping, cleanable tread |
| GB220106A (en) * | 1923-06-09 | 1924-08-14 | Richard Hawke Rogers | Improvements in or relating to concrete structures |
| US2281822A (en) * | 1938-09-24 | 1942-05-05 | Claud H Bills | Metal grating |
| US2590807A (en) * | 1947-09-03 | 1952-03-25 | Meteoor Nv Betonfabriek | Means for striking lugs of headed form from a metal sheet |
| US3093216A (en) * | 1959-05-12 | 1963-06-11 | Aurora Equipment Co | Perforated non-skid panel |
| FR1389650A (en) * | 1964-01-09 | 1965-02-19 | J B Morel & Cie | Gratings |
| BE742078A (en) * | 1969-11-21 | 1970-05-04 | ||
| FR2205080A5 (en) * | 1972-10-30 | 1974-05-24 | Merre Jack | |
| US3943589A (en) * | 1974-11-05 | 1976-03-16 | Peder Fahrsen Pedersen | Gangway element |
-
1979
- 1979-06-18 WO PCT/US1979/000431 patent/WO1980002856A1/en unknown
- 1979-06-18 JP JP50183479A patent/JPS6224562B2/ja not_active Expired
-
1980
- 1980-03-31 CA CA000348838A patent/CA1134589A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-05-19 EP EP19800301638 patent/EP0021591B1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0021591B1 (en) | 1983-05-11 |
| EP0021591A3 (en) | 1981-02-04 |
| JPS6224562B2 (en) | 1987-05-29 |
| JPS56500749A (en) | 1981-06-04 |
| EP0021591A2 (en) | 1981-01-07 |
| WO1980002856A1 (en) | 1980-12-24 |
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