CA1128334A - Apparatus and system for measuring power of heat radiation - Google Patents
Apparatus and system for measuring power of heat radiationInfo
- Publication number
- CA1128334A CA1128334A CA316,126A CA316126A CA1128334A CA 1128334 A CA1128334 A CA 1128334A CA 316126 A CA316126 A CA 316126A CA 1128334 A CA1128334 A CA 1128334A
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- heat radiation
- power
- filament
- sensitive element
- measuring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940102098 revolution Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000002730 additional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002844 continuous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/38—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using extension or expansion of solids or fluids
- G01J5/40—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using extension or expansion of solids or fluids using bimaterial elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/0014—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry for sensing the radiation from gases, flames
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/02—Constructional details
- G01J5/04—Casings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/02—Constructional details
- G01J5/04—Casings
- G01J5/048—Protective parts
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/02—Constructional details
- G01J5/08—Optical arrangements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/02—Constructional details
- G01J5/08—Optical arrangements
- G01J5/0865—Optical arrangements having means for replacing an element of the arrangement by another of the same type, e.g. an optical filter
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/02—Constructional details
- G01J5/08—Optical arrangements
- G01J5/0896—Optical arrangements using a light source, e.g. for illuminating a surface
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/10—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using electric radiation detectors
- G01J5/20—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using electric radiation detectors using resistors, thermistors or semiconductors sensitive to radiation, e.g. photoconductive devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/38—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using extension or expansion of solids or fluids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/0014—Monitoring arrangements not otherwise provided for
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)
- Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
- Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
Abstract
APPARATUS AND SYSTEM FOR MEASURING POWER OF
HEAT RADIATION
Abstract of the Disclosure An apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radia-tion, comprising a sensitive element implemented, for exam-ple, as an electrically conductive filament adapted to be displaced in a heat radiation flux at a stabilized speed.
Connected to the sensitive element is a meter for register-ing the variations of the temperature of the sensitive ele-ment, resulted from the heat radiation.
A system for measuring the power of a heat radiation, comprising at least three such apparatuses.
The invention provides for a continuous operation of the proposed apparatus.
HEAT RADIATION
Abstract of the Disclosure An apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radia-tion, comprising a sensitive element implemented, for exam-ple, as an electrically conductive filament adapted to be displaced in a heat radiation flux at a stabilized speed.
Connected to the sensitive element is a meter for register-ing the variations of the temperature of the sensitive ele-ment, resulted from the heat radiation.
A system for measuring the power of a heat radiation, comprising at least three such apparatuses.
The invention provides for a continuous operation of the proposed apparatus.
Description
~` z~
This invention relates to measurement engineering, and more particularly to apparatuses for measuring the power of a heat radiation and systems based on such apparatuses.
The invention is suitable for use in such branches of economy which are concerned with the measurement of the temperature of flame jets, plasma fluxes, gaseous and liquid jets and with the measurement of the power of laser radiation as well~
At present, there are a number of production processes dealing with laser beams used for welding, cutting, thermal treatment and so on. To effect these processes adequately, it is necessary in many cases to determine pre-cisely the amount of the power of the laser beam, which requires, in turn, that the power of the laser radiation be controlled without interruption of the laser beam, Known in the art is a device for measuring the power of a heat radiation (cf. U,S. Pat. No. 3,282,100, cl. 73-190, 1966), which device comprises a sensitive element introduced in a heat radiation flux and connected to a meter for register-ing the variations of the temperature of the sensitive element, resulted from the heat radiation. The sensitive element of the device is implemented as a mass of tangled electrically conductive filament which is fixed immovably and is irradiated by a heat radiation ~lux obtainable, for example, from a laser beam. -The known device is disadvantageous in that the measurement of the power of the laser beam is accompanied by a complete interruption of the latter, a feature not per-missible in many cases due to the fact that the production process is to be stopped during the measurement.
In addition, the device can measure laser beams of a low power only since the filament is subject to overheat with the result that the sensitive element fails to operate.
.
:, `','~. - 1- ~
3~
Moreover, external conditions such as currents of air or ingress of dirt give influen~e on the sensitive element, - thereby resulting in reduced measurement accuracy and low effectiveness of the known device.
Finally, the device cannot determine the distribution of the density of the power of a heat radiation in the cross-section of the laser beam.
An object of the invention is to provide for improved checking of the production processes utilizing heat radiation techniques.
Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radiation with greater accuracy.
Still another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radiation having greater reliability.
A still further object of the invention is to pro-vide for measuring the power of a heat radiation in a contin-uous mode.
In accordance with a specific embodiment, an apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radiation, comprises a sensitive element disposed in a heat radiation flux and adapted to be displaced relative to the latter at a stabilized speed, a meter for registering the variations of the temperature of said sensitive element, resulted from the heat radiation.
Preferably, an apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radiation comprises a drive means with an output shaft having an axis of revolution disposed in a lateral or a longi-tudinal relation to the heat radiation flux, the sensitive element being disposed on the drive means.
Advantageously, an apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radiation comprises a main disc mounting the sensitive element and installed on the output shaft of the drive means at right angles to the axis of revolution of the shaft. ~;
- . . : .. . ., ............ ~ , ,. . , . , . . !
` " ' '. ' ` ' ' ' '.'., : . .'. - . "' ~ ' ' ' ' ~' ,. . , ." ' ' ' ,: ~ ` '' ' ~ ' ' ' , ; ' ~8~
Preferably, an apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radiation comprises a sensitive element implemented as an electrically conductive filament bent in a wavelike fashion in the plane of revolution of the main disc and disposed in a ~ixed relation to the periphery of the latter.
Advantageously, in an apparatus for measuring the power of a hea~ radiation there is a tubing adapted to contain the heat radiation flux in the case where the axis of revolu-tion of the output shaft of the drive means is arranged in a lateral relation to the heat radiation flux, the tubing mounting an element allowed to be rotated relative to the latter, and a bracket being rigidly coupled with the element and the drive means.
Preferably, in an apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radiation, in the case where the axis of revolution of the output shaft of the drive means is arranged in a lateral relation to the heat radiation flux, there is an additional disc disposed on the output shaft in a parallel relation to the main disc, a distance between the main disc and the addi-tional disc being selected to be more than the cross-section of the heat radiation flux.
Advantageously, an apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radiation comprises a sensitive element implemented as an electrically conductive filament arranged in a tense zigzaglike fashion between the main and the additional disc Preferably, the main disc and the additional disc are made each of a dielectric material.
Advantageously, an apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radiation comprises, in the case where the axis of revolution of the output shaft of the drive means is arranged in a longitudinal relation to the heat radiation flux, a sensitive element implemented in the form of at least one strip made of a material which tends to vary its linear dimensions with temperature, the width of the strip being selected to be less than the cross-section of the heat radiation flux, the length of the strip being selected to be _ 3 _ .
`I ' ' ' ' ', '' ` . ~ , ,: ,. . . , , ~ . . :.
:
- : :, : : .
::
~2~
; more than the cross-section of the heat radiation flux, the strip having its plane disposed at right angles to the axis of revolution of the output shaft of the drive means, and the meter for registering the variations of the temperature of the sensitive element resulted from the heat radiation being implemented as a linear displacement pickup that measures a deformation of the strip along the axis of revolution of the output shaft.
Preferably, in an apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radiation the strip is made of a bimetallic material.
Advantageously, an apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radiation in which, in the case where the sensitive element is implemented as a single strip, the latter is affixed to the output shaft of the drive means by virtue of a clamp rigidly attached to the output shaft in a manner that the ends of the strip are attached to the clamp and the mid portion of the strip, which is the center of revolution of the latter, is kept in contact with an input of the linear displacement pickup, the strip providing a thermal shield for the clamp so that the heat radiation flux does not impinge on the latter.
Preferably, apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radiation in which, in the case where the sensitive element is implemented as a strip or a plurality of strips, the strip(s) each having one end connected with the output shaft of the drive means, the linear displacement pickup having a mirror member attached to the other end of a respective strip and irradiated by a light beam from a light source, and having a readout scale inserted in the path of a reflected light beam.
Advantageously, an apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radiation in which the mirror member is implemented as a polished flat portion on the other end of a respective strip.
Preferably, a system for measuring the power of a heat radiation comprises at least three apparatuses for measur ing the power of a heat radiation, according to the invention, which system can determine the distribution of the density of the power of heat radiation across the heat flow.
~; . :
~ 4 -' ' ~ ' ' ~ . '' 1, :
39~
In accordance with a specific embodiment of the latter aspect, there is provided a system for measuring the power of heat radiation comprised of at least three apparatuses for measuring the power of a heat radiation, said apparatuses being located at 120 to one another, and each of them com-prising a sensitive element inserted in said heat radiation flux and adapted to be displaced therein at a stabilized speed:
a meter for registering the variations of the temperature of said sensitive element, resulted from said heat radiation, said meter being coupled to said sensitive element.
m e instant invention provides for a continuous operating mode of the proposed apparatus.
With the invention, the time during which the sensitive element is held within the zone of the heat radiation is reduced and the sensitive element is cooled more effectively with the result that the reliability of the proposed apparatus is increased.
In the proposed apparatus, the speed of rotation of the sensitive element is selected so that the currents of air and variations of the ambient temperature at the place of installation of the apparatus do not affect the measurement accuracy.
The speed of rotation of the sensitive element can be varied and the power of a heat radiation can therefore be '~
measured within wide limits.
The invention will now be described,by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIGURE 1 is a generaL diagrammatic representation of an apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radiation with a main disc and a sensitive element in the form of an electric-ally conductive filament, the axis of revolution of the output shaft of a drive means mounting the main disc being disposed in a lateral relation to the heat radiation flux, according to the invention;
,. ..
. . , . , . . , , ., , 3~L
FIGURE 2 is a view in the direction of a~row ~ of Fig. 1, according to the invention;
FIGURE 3 shows an embodiment of the apparatus of Fig. 1 in which the axis of revolution of the output shaft of the drive means is located in a longitudinal relation to the heat radiation flux, according to the invention;
FIGURE 4 is a view in the direction of arrow B of Fig. 1, according to the invention, FIGURE 5 shows an embodiment of the apparatus of Fig. 1 having a tubing in which the heat radiation flux is contained and about which an element connected with the drive means is rotated, FIGURE 6 is a view in the direction of arrow C of Fig. 5, according to the invention;
FIGURE 7 shows an embodiment of the apparatus of Fig. 1 having an additional disc, according to the invention;
FIGURE 8 is a view in the direction of arrow D of Fig. 7, according to the invention, FIGURE 9 is a general diagrammatic representation of an apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radiation in which the sensitive element is implemented as a strip attached to a clamp, according to the invention, FIGURE 10 is a view in the direction of arrow E of -Fig. 9, according to the invention;
FIGURE 11 shows the embodiment of Fig. 9 in which the strip has one end attached to the output shaft of the drive means, according to the invention, ~-FIGURE 12 is a view in the direction of arrow F of Fig. 10, according to the invention, FIGURE 13 is a general diagrammatic representation of a system for measuring the power of a heat radiation, based on three apparatuses of Fig. 3, according to the invention, FIGURE 14 is a view in the direction of arrow G of Fig. 13, according to the invention.
. ~
, r 3~
The apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radiation, according to the invention, comprises a drive means (Fig, 1) with an output shaft 2 having an axis of revolution 3 disposed in a lateral relation to a heat radiation flux 4. In the described embodiment, a main disc 5 is mounted on the out-put shaft 2 at right angles to the axis of revolution 3, the main disc 5 being made of a dielectric material. Introduced in the heat radiation flux 4 is a sensitive element implemented, according to the given embodiment, in the form of an electrically conductive filament 6 (Fig. 1,2) which is bent in a wavelike fashion in the plane of revolution of the main disc 5 (Fig, 2) and is disposed in a fixed relation relative to the periphery of the latter. The apparatus also comprises a meter 7 for registering the variation of the temperature of the sensitive element, resulted from the heat radiation, and the inputs of the meter 7 connect to ends 9 of the filament 6 through slip rings 8.
Figures 3 and 4 illustrate an embodiment of the apparatus of the invention analogous to that shown in Figs. 1 and 2 with the exception that the axis of revolution 3 of the output shaft 2 of the drive means l~is located in a longitudinal relation to the heat radiation flux 4.
In another embodiment the apparatus of the invention comprises a tubing 11 (Fig. 5) attached to a prop 10 and con-taining the heat radiation flux 4. The prop 10 is affixed toa base plate 12. An element 13 is the form of a ring (herein-after referred to as a ring 13) is mounted on the tubing 11 and is allowed to be rotated about the latter. The ring 13 is coupled with an electric motor 14 on the base plate 12 by `~
virtue of a belt transmission 15. The latter comprises a drive pulley 16, a transmission rope 17 and a driven pulley 18.
The ring 13 and the drive means 1 are rigidly coupled with each other by virtue of a bracket 19 (Figc, 5,6) and the axis of revolution of the output shaft 2 is disposed in a lateral relation to the heat radiation flux 4. The drive means 1 is connected to outputs 20 of a power supply (not shown in the :
, 3~
drawing) by means of slip rings 21 (Fig. 5) mounted on the ring 13. The 91ip rings 8 (Figs. 5,6) are connected to the inputs of the meter 7 by means of another pair of slip rings 22 mounted on the ring 13.
A still another embodiment of the apparatus of the invention comprises an additional disc 23 (Figs, 7,8) attached to the output shaft 2 in a parallel relation to the main disc 5. The additional disc 23 is made of dielectric material.
The distance between the main disc 5 and the additional disc 23 (Fig. 7~ must exceed the cross-section of the heat radiation flux 4. In this embodiment the sensitive element is implemented as an electrically conductive filament 6 which is stretched tight in a zigzaglike fashion between the discs 5 and 23 (Fig, 7) and is fixed over the peripheries of the discs. As to the remaining features, the embodiment is analogous to that shown in Fig. 3.
A yet another embodiment of the apparatus of the invention deals with a sensitive element implemented in the form of a strip 24 (Figs. 9,10) made of a bimetallic material.
The width of the strip 24 (Fig. 10) must be less than the ~`
cross-section of the heat radiation~flux 4, while the length of the strip 24 must be more than the cross-section of the heat radiation flux 4. The apparatus of this embodiment com-prises a clamp 25 (Fig. 9) mounted on the output shaft 2, The ends of the strip 24 are attached to the ends of the clamp 24 so that the latter protects the clamp 25 from the heat radi-ation flux 4. The meter 7 (Figs. 3,5,6,7) is a conventional linear displacement pickup 26 (Fig. 9) having an input 27 brought into a contact with the said portion of the strip 24, which is the center of revolution of the latter.
In another embodiment of the apparatus of the invention, the sensitive element comprises two strips 28, 29 (Figs. 11,12) each having one end attached to the output shaft
This invention relates to measurement engineering, and more particularly to apparatuses for measuring the power of a heat radiation and systems based on such apparatuses.
The invention is suitable for use in such branches of economy which are concerned with the measurement of the temperature of flame jets, plasma fluxes, gaseous and liquid jets and with the measurement of the power of laser radiation as well~
At present, there are a number of production processes dealing with laser beams used for welding, cutting, thermal treatment and so on. To effect these processes adequately, it is necessary in many cases to determine pre-cisely the amount of the power of the laser beam, which requires, in turn, that the power of the laser radiation be controlled without interruption of the laser beam, Known in the art is a device for measuring the power of a heat radiation (cf. U,S. Pat. No. 3,282,100, cl. 73-190, 1966), which device comprises a sensitive element introduced in a heat radiation flux and connected to a meter for register-ing the variations of the temperature of the sensitive element, resulted from the heat radiation. The sensitive element of the device is implemented as a mass of tangled electrically conductive filament which is fixed immovably and is irradiated by a heat radiation ~lux obtainable, for example, from a laser beam. -The known device is disadvantageous in that the measurement of the power of the laser beam is accompanied by a complete interruption of the latter, a feature not per-missible in many cases due to the fact that the production process is to be stopped during the measurement.
In addition, the device can measure laser beams of a low power only since the filament is subject to overheat with the result that the sensitive element fails to operate.
.
:, `','~. - 1- ~
3~
Moreover, external conditions such as currents of air or ingress of dirt give influen~e on the sensitive element, - thereby resulting in reduced measurement accuracy and low effectiveness of the known device.
Finally, the device cannot determine the distribution of the density of the power of a heat radiation in the cross-section of the laser beam.
An object of the invention is to provide for improved checking of the production processes utilizing heat radiation techniques.
Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radiation with greater accuracy.
Still another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radiation having greater reliability.
A still further object of the invention is to pro-vide for measuring the power of a heat radiation in a contin-uous mode.
In accordance with a specific embodiment, an apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radiation, comprises a sensitive element disposed in a heat radiation flux and adapted to be displaced relative to the latter at a stabilized speed, a meter for registering the variations of the temperature of said sensitive element, resulted from the heat radiation.
Preferably, an apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radiation comprises a drive means with an output shaft having an axis of revolution disposed in a lateral or a longi-tudinal relation to the heat radiation flux, the sensitive element being disposed on the drive means.
Advantageously, an apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radiation comprises a main disc mounting the sensitive element and installed on the output shaft of the drive means at right angles to the axis of revolution of the shaft. ~;
- . . : .. . ., ............ ~ , ,. . , . , . . !
` " ' '. ' ` ' ' ' '.'., : . .'. - . "' ~ ' ' ' ' ~' ,. . , ." ' ' ' ,: ~ ` '' ' ~ ' ' ' , ; ' ~8~
Preferably, an apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radiation comprises a sensitive element implemented as an electrically conductive filament bent in a wavelike fashion in the plane of revolution of the main disc and disposed in a ~ixed relation to the periphery of the latter.
Advantageously, in an apparatus for measuring the power of a hea~ radiation there is a tubing adapted to contain the heat radiation flux in the case where the axis of revolu-tion of the output shaft of the drive means is arranged in a lateral relation to the heat radiation flux, the tubing mounting an element allowed to be rotated relative to the latter, and a bracket being rigidly coupled with the element and the drive means.
Preferably, in an apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radiation, in the case where the axis of revolution of the output shaft of the drive means is arranged in a lateral relation to the heat radiation flux, there is an additional disc disposed on the output shaft in a parallel relation to the main disc, a distance between the main disc and the addi-tional disc being selected to be more than the cross-section of the heat radiation flux.
Advantageously, an apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radiation comprises a sensitive element implemented as an electrically conductive filament arranged in a tense zigzaglike fashion between the main and the additional disc Preferably, the main disc and the additional disc are made each of a dielectric material.
Advantageously, an apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radiation comprises, in the case where the axis of revolution of the output shaft of the drive means is arranged in a longitudinal relation to the heat radiation flux, a sensitive element implemented in the form of at least one strip made of a material which tends to vary its linear dimensions with temperature, the width of the strip being selected to be less than the cross-section of the heat radiation flux, the length of the strip being selected to be _ 3 _ .
`I ' ' ' ' ', '' ` . ~ , ,: ,. . . , , ~ . . :.
:
- : :, : : .
::
~2~
; more than the cross-section of the heat radiation flux, the strip having its plane disposed at right angles to the axis of revolution of the output shaft of the drive means, and the meter for registering the variations of the temperature of the sensitive element resulted from the heat radiation being implemented as a linear displacement pickup that measures a deformation of the strip along the axis of revolution of the output shaft.
Preferably, in an apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radiation the strip is made of a bimetallic material.
Advantageously, an apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radiation in which, in the case where the sensitive element is implemented as a single strip, the latter is affixed to the output shaft of the drive means by virtue of a clamp rigidly attached to the output shaft in a manner that the ends of the strip are attached to the clamp and the mid portion of the strip, which is the center of revolution of the latter, is kept in contact with an input of the linear displacement pickup, the strip providing a thermal shield for the clamp so that the heat radiation flux does not impinge on the latter.
Preferably, apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radiation in which, in the case where the sensitive element is implemented as a strip or a plurality of strips, the strip(s) each having one end connected with the output shaft of the drive means, the linear displacement pickup having a mirror member attached to the other end of a respective strip and irradiated by a light beam from a light source, and having a readout scale inserted in the path of a reflected light beam.
Advantageously, an apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radiation in which the mirror member is implemented as a polished flat portion on the other end of a respective strip.
Preferably, a system for measuring the power of a heat radiation comprises at least three apparatuses for measur ing the power of a heat radiation, according to the invention, which system can determine the distribution of the density of the power of heat radiation across the heat flow.
~; . :
~ 4 -' ' ~ ' ' ~ . '' 1, :
39~
In accordance with a specific embodiment of the latter aspect, there is provided a system for measuring the power of heat radiation comprised of at least three apparatuses for measuring the power of a heat radiation, said apparatuses being located at 120 to one another, and each of them com-prising a sensitive element inserted in said heat radiation flux and adapted to be displaced therein at a stabilized speed:
a meter for registering the variations of the temperature of said sensitive element, resulted from said heat radiation, said meter being coupled to said sensitive element.
m e instant invention provides for a continuous operating mode of the proposed apparatus.
With the invention, the time during which the sensitive element is held within the zone of the heat radiation is reduced and the sensitive element is cooled more effectively with the result that the reliability of the proposed apparatus is increased.
In the proposed apparatus, the speed of rotation of the sensitive element is selected so that the currents of air and variations of the ambient temperature at the place of installation of the apparatus do not affect the measurement accuracy.
The speed of rotation of the sensitive element can be varied and the power of a heat radiation can therefore be '~
measured within wide limits.
The invention will now be described,by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIGURE 1 is a generaL diagrammatic representation of an apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radiation with a main disc and a sensitive element in the form of an electric-ally conductive filament, the axis of revolution of the output shaft of a drive means mounting the main disc being disposed in a lateral relation to the heat radiation flux, according to the invention;
,. ..
. . , . , . . , , ., , 3~L
FIGURE 2 is a view in the direction of a~row ~ of Fig. 1, according to the invention;
FIGURE 3 shows an embodiment of the apparatus of Fig. 1 in which the axis of revolution of the output shaft of the drive means is located in a longitudinal relation to the heat radiation flux, according to the invention;
FIGURE 4 is a view in the direction of arrow B of Fig. 1, according to the invention, FIGURE 5 shows an embodiment of the apparatus of Fig. 1 having a tubing in which the heat radiation flux is contained and about which an element connected with the drive means is rotated, FIGURE 6 is a view in the direction of arrow C of Fig. 5, according to the invention;
FIGURE 7 shows an embodiment of the apparatus of Fig. 1 having an additional disc, according to the invention;
FIGURE 8 is a view in the direction of arrow D of Fig. 7, according to the invention, FIGURE 9 is a general diagrammatic representation of an apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radiation in which the sensitive element is implemented as a strip attached to a clamp, according to the invention, FIGURE 10 is a view in the direction of arrow E of -Fig. 9, according to the invention;
FIGURE 11 shows the embodiment of Fig. 9 in which the strip has one end attached to the output shaft of the drive means, according to the invention, ~-FIGURE 12 is a view in the direction of arrow F of Fig. 10, according to the invention, FIGURE 13 is a general diagrammatic representation of a system for measuring the power of a heat radiation, based on three apparatuses of Fig. 3, according to the invention, FIGURE 14 is a view in the direction of arrow G of Fig. 13, according to the invention.
. ~
, r 3~
The apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radiation, according to the invention, comprises a drive means (Fig, 1) with an output shaft 2 having an axis of revolution 3 disposed in a lateral relation to a heat radiation flux 4. In the described embodiment, a main disc 5 is mounted on the out-put shaft 2 at right angles to the axis of revolution 3, the main disc 5 being made of a dielectric material. Introduced in the heat radiation flux 4 is a sensitive element implemented, according to the given embodiment, in the form of an electrically conductive filament 6 (Fig. 1,2) which is bent in a wavelike fashion in the plane of revolution of the main disc 5 (Fig, 2) and is disposed in a fixed relation relative to the periphery of the latter. The apparatus also comprises a meter 7 for registering the variation of the temperature of the sensitive element, resulted from the heat radiation, and the inputs of the meter 7 connect to ends 9 of the filament 6 through slip rings 8.
Figures 3 and 4 illustrate an embodiment of the apparatus of the invention analogous to that shown in Figs. 1 and 2 with the exception that the axis of revolution 3 of the output shaft 2 of the drive means l~is located in a longitudinal relation to the heat radiation flux 4.
In another embodiment the apparatus of the invention comprises a tubing 11 (Fig. 5) attached to a prop 10 and con-taining the heat radiation flux 4. The prop 10 is affixed toa base plate 12. An element 13 is the form of a ring (herein-after referred to as a ring 13) is mounted on the tubing 11 and is allowed to be rotated about the latter. The ring 13 is coupled with an electric motor 14 on the base plate 12 by `~
virtue of a belt transmission 15. The latter comprises a drive pulley 16, a transmission rope 17 and a driven pulley 18.
The ring 13 and the drive means 1 are rigidly coupled with each other by virtue of a bracket 19 (Figc, 5,6) and the axis of revolution of the output shaft 2 is disposed in a lateral relation to the heat radiation flux 4. The drive means 1 is connected to outputs 20 of a power supply (not shown in the :
, 3~
drawing) by means of slip rings 21 (Fig. 5) mounted on the ring 13. The 91ip rings 8 (Figs. 5,6) are connected to the inputs of the meter 7 by means of another pair of slip rings 22 mounted on the ring 13.
A still another embodiment of the apparatus of the invention comprises an additional disc 23 (Figs, 7,8) attached to the output shaft 2 in a parallel relation to the main disc 5. The additional disc 23 is made of dielectric material.
The distance between the main disc 5 and the additional disc 23 (Fig. 7~ must exceed the cross-section of the heat radiation flux 4. In this embodiment the sensitive element is implemented as an electrically conductive filament 6 which is stretched tight in a zigzaglike fashion between the discs 5 and 23 (Fig, 7) and is fixed over the peripheries of the discs. As to the remaining features, the embodiment is analogous to that shown in Fig. 3.
A yet another embodiment of the apparatus of the invention deals with a sensitive element implemented in the form of a strip 24 (Figs. 9,10) made of a bimetallic material.
The width of the strip 24 (Fig. 10) must be less than the ~`
cross-section of the heat radiation~flux 4, while the length of the strip 24 must be more than the cross-section of the heat radiation flux 4. The apparatus of this embodiment com-prises a clamp 25 (Fig. 9) mounted on the output shaft 2, The ends of the strip 24 are attached to the ends of the clamp 24 so that the latter protects the clamp 25 from the heat radi-ation flux 4. The meter 7 (Figs. 3,5,6,7) is a conventional linear displacement pickup 26 (Fig. 9) having an input 27 brought into a contact with the said portion of the strip 24, which is the center of revolution of the latter.
In another embodiment of the apparatus of the invention, the sensitive element comprises two strips 28, 29 (Figs. 11,12) each having one end attached to the output shaft
2 so that the plane of each of the strips 28, 29 is disposed at right angles to the heat radiation flux 4.
.
- . .
:, . . ~, : . . . .::
~128~3~
The linear displacement pickup 26 comprises mirror members 30,31 attached to the other ends o~ respective strips 28, 29, As the output shaft 2 rotates, a light beam 32 from a light source 33 impinges alternately on the mirror members 30, 31, for example, on the mirror member 30. A readout scale is inserted in the path of a reflected light beam 34, According to the invention there is provided a system (Fig, 13) for measuring the power of a heat radiation, based on three apparatuses 36 of Fig. 3. The apparatuses 36 (Figs, 13,14) are located at 120 to one another so that their elec- `
trically conductive filaments 6 tend to overlap the cross-section of the heat radiation flux 4.
The apparatus of the invention operates in the following manner. The sensitive element introduced in a heat radiation flux absorbs a portion of the heat energy thereof with the result that the temperature of the sensitive element is increased. The latter rotates at a stabilized speed and its temperature is therefore maintained at a preset level.
In the case wherethe sensitive element is an electrically conductive filament 6 (Fig, 1), the ends 9 of the latter are connected to the meter 7 calibrated in terms of the power o~ heat radiation and adapted to measure the variations of the resistance of the filament 6.
In the case where the filament 6 (Figs, 1,2) is fixed over the periphery of the main disc 5 and the axis of revolu-tion 3 of the output shaft 2 of the drive means 1 is located in a lateral relation to the heat radiation flux 4, the apparatus of the invention measures the power of the latter -so that an even distribution of the density of the power over the cross-section of the heat radiation flux 4 is obtained, In the case where the axis of revolution 3 (Figs~
.
- . .
:, . . ~, : . . . .::
~128~3~
The linear displacement pickup 26 comprises mirror members 30,31 attached to the other ends o~ respective strips 28, 29, As the output shaft 2 rotates, a light beam 32 from a light source 33 impinges alternately on the mirror members 30, 31, for example, on the mirror member 30. A readout scale is inserted in the path of a reflected light beam 34, According to the invention there is provided a system (Fig, 13) for measuring the power of a heat radiation, based on three apparatuses 36 of Fig. 3. The apparatuses 36 (Figs, 13,14) are located at 120 to one another so that their elec- `
trically conductive filaments 6 tend to overlap the cross-section of the heat radiation flux 4.
The apparatus of the invention operates in the following manner. The sensitive element introduced in a heat radiation flux absorbs a portion of the heat energy thereof with the result that the temperature of the sensitive element is increased. The latter rotates at a stabilized speed and its temperature is therefore maintained at a preset level.
In the case wherethe sensitive element is an electrically conductive filament 6 (Fig, 1), the ends 9 of the latter are connected to the meter 7 calibrated in terms of the power o~ heat radiation and adapted to measure the variations of the resistance of the filament 6.
In the case where the filament 6 (Figs, 1,2) is fixed over the periphery of the main disc 5 and the axis of revolu-tion 3 of the output shaft 2 of the drive means 1 is located in a lateral relation to the heat radiation flux 4, the apparatus of the invention measures the power of the latter -so that an even distribution of the density of the power over the cross-section of the heat radiation flux 4 is obtained, In the case where the axis of revolution 3 (Figs~
3,4) is located in a longitudinal relation to the heat radiation flux 4, the apparatus of the invention measures the total power of the heat radiation flux 4.
_ g _ "
-:~
~12~3~
The two embodiments are advantageous in that an increase in the number of revolutions of the output shaft 2, at a minimal magnitude of the heat radiation flux 4 (Figs, 1,2,3,4), makes the wave sections of the filament 6 more stable due to the fact that the stacking plane of the wave section of the filament 6 coincides with the plane in which the external forces tend to act which are centrifugal ones in nature.
Such an optimum configuration allows for the use of the filament 6 having a minimum cross-section with the result that the delay property of the apparatus is kept at a minimum, In the case where the drive means 1 is joined rigidly, by virtue of the bracket 19 (Figs, 5,6), with the ring 13 mounted on the tubing 11, the filament 6 is allowed to be rotated additionally about the heat radiation flux 4 continued in the tubing 11, In this case, the apparatus of the inven-tion measures a spatial distribution of the power of heat radiation in any of the sections through the heat radiation flux 4, In the case where the filament 6 (Figs. 7,8) is stretched tight in a zigzaglike fashion between the discs 5 and Z3, the apparatus of the invention measures the total power of the heat radiation flux 4, In tha case where the sensitive element is made in the form of the strip 24 (Figs, 9,10) or two strips 28, 29 (Figs, 11,12), the meter 7 is the linear displacement pickup 26 calibrated in terms of the power of heat radiation, When activated by a heat radiation, the strip 24 (Figs, 9,10) or the strips 28, 29 (Figs, 11,12) are subject to a deformation whose magnitude, after a proper calibration, is representative of the power of the heat radiation flux 4.
The mid portion of the strip 24 (Figs, 9,10) having its ends attached to the clamp 25 is in direct contact with the input 27 of the pickup 26 which measures the deformation magnitude, ~ . . ..
1 0 -- -::
The heat radiation flux 4 passes through the strips 28, 29 (Figs. 11,12) and the latter are subject to a deform-ation with the result that the position of the mirror members 30, 31 is changed relative to a rather narrow light beam 32, This causes a change in the position of the reflected light beam 34 and the change is read against the readout scale 35 of the pickup 26 A polished flat portion (not shown in the drawing) can be used instead of any of the mirror members 30, 31, said flat portion being implem~nted on each of the other ends of the strips 28, 29, To determine the position of the power peak of the heat radiation flux 4, a system incorporating three apparatuses 36 (Figs. 13,14) is used. l'he relative positions of the apparatuses 36 at 120 to one another allows for concurrent determination of the total power and the position of the power peak in any cross-section of the heat radiation flux 4.
The instant inven~ion features high technicoeconomical characteristics since the power of a heat radiation can be measured in a wide range without introducing any construction modifications in the apparatus of the invention' in addition, the apparatus of the invention utilizes mass-production instruments and materials.
The invention is also advantageous in that its apparatuses, if failed, can be replaced easily. Since the apparatus of the invention has small dimensions, it can be installed at any desirable point of a heat radiation flux under measurement' this feature also provides for improved operational qualities and reduced fabrication cost.
..
~ - :
, '' : , ~ , :
_ g _ "
-:~
~12~3~
The two embodiments are advantageous in that an increase in the number of revolutions of the output shaft 2, at a minimal magnitude of the heat radiation flux 4 (Figs, 1,2,3,4), makes the wave sections of the filament 6 more stable due to the fact that the stacking plane of the wave section of the filament 6 coincides with the plane in which the external forces tend to act which are centrifugal ones in nature.
Such an optimum configuration allows for the use of the filament 6 having a minimum cross-section with the result that the delay property of the apparatus is kept at a minimum, In the case where the drive means 1 is joined rigidly, by virtue of the bracket 19 (Figs, 5,6), with the ring 13 mounted on the tubing 11, the filament 6 is allowed to be rotated additionally about the heat radiation flux 4 continued in the tubing 11, In this case, the apparatus of the inven-tion measures a spatial distribution of the power of heat radiation in any of the sections through the heat radiation flux 4, In the case where the filament 6 (Figs. 7,8) is stretched tight in a zigzaglike fashion between the discs 5 and Z3, the apparatus of the invention measures the total power of the heat radiation flux 4, In tha case where the sensitive element is made in the form of the strip 24 (Figs, 9,10) or two strips 28, 29 (Figs, 11,12), the meter 7 is the linear displacement pickup 26 calibrated in terms of the power of heat radiation, When activated by a heat radiation, the strip 24 (Figs, 9,10) or the strips 28, 29 (Figs, 11,12) are subject to a deformation whose magnitude, after a proper calibration, is representative of the power of the heat radiation flux 4.
The mid portion of the strip 24 (Figs, 9,10) having its ends attached to the clamp 25 is in direct contact with the input 27 of the pickup 26 which measures the deformation magnitude, ~ . . ..
1 0 -- -::
The heat radiation flux 4 passes through the strips 28, 29 (Figs. 11,12) and the latter are subject to a deform-ation with the result that the position of the mirror members 30, 31 is changed relative to a rather narrow light beam 32, This causes a change in the position of the reflected light beam 34 and the change is read against the readout scale 35 of the pickup 26 A polished flat portion (not shown in the drawing) can be used instead of any of the mirror members 30, 31, said flat portion being implem~nted on each of the other ends of the strips 28, 29, To determine the position of the power peak of the heat radiation flux 4, a system incorporating three apparatuses 36 (Figs. 13,14) is used. l'he relative positions of the apparatuses 36 at 120 to one another allows for concurrent determination of the total power and the position of the power peak in any cross-section of the heat radiation flux 4.
The instant inven~ion features high technicoeconomical characteristics since the power of a heat radiation can be measured in a wide range without introducing any construction modifications in the apparatus of the invention' in addition, the apparatus of the invention utilizes mass-production instruments and materials.
The invention is also advantageous in that its apparatuses, if failed, can be replaced easily. Since the apparatus of the invention has small dimensions, it can be installed at any desirable point of a heat radiation flux under measurement' this feature also provides for improved operational qualities and reduced fabrication cost.
..
~ - :
, '' : , ~ , :
Claims (7)
1. An apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radia-tion, comprising:
a sensitive element made as a zigzaglike electrically conducting filament, whereby it is possible for the filament to intersect the heat radiation flux, a meter for registering the variations of the temperature of the said electrically conducting filament due to the effect of the said heat radiation, coupled to the said filament.
a sensitive element made as a zigzaglike electrically conducting filament, whereby it is possible for the filament to intersect the heat radiation flux, a meter for registering the variations of the temperature of the said electrically conducting filament due to the effect of the said heat radiation, coupled to the said filament.
2. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, comprising a first disc, set on a drive shaft, the axis of rotation of which is dis-posed in a longitudinal relation to the heat radiation flux, the said filament being disposed in the plane of the disc and is secured along the perimeter thereof.
3. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 2, comprising a second disc, set on the said shaft, the axis of rotation of which is at a right angle to the heat radiation flux, the said filament being dis-posed between the first and second discs and secured at the bend points alternately along the perimeter of the said first and second discs.
4. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 2, wherein said sensitive element comprises rows of even and odd bend points the dis-tance between the rows of even and odd bend points determined by the filament exceeds the greatest lateral magnitude of the said heat radiation flux.
5. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 3, wherein the distance between the first and second discs exceeds the greatest lateral magnitude of the heat radiation.
6. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 2, wherein the first disc is made of dielectrical material.
7. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 3, wherein the second disc is made of dielectric material.
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SU2558811 | 1977-12-26 | ||
| SU2558811 | 1977-12-26 | ||
| SU2562050 | 1977-12-29 | ||
| SU2562050 | 1977-12-29 | ||
| SU2594201 | 1978-04-06 | ||
| SU2594201 | 1978-04-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1128334A true CA1128334A (en) | 1982-07-27 |
Family
ID=27356325
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA316,126A Expired CA1128334A (en) | 1977-12-26 | 1978-11-10 | Apparatus and system for measuring power of heat radiation |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE873037A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1128334A (en) |
| CS (1) | CS214998B1 (en) |
| DD (1) | DD141200A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2851879A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2412828A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2011612B (en) |
| HU (1) | HU177855B (en) |
| PL (1) | PL127845B1 (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7812981L (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS56147023A (en) * | 1980-04-18 | 1981-11-14 | Hitachi Ltd | Method and device for measurement of laser beam |
| DE3510937A1 (en) * | 1985-03-26 | 1986-10-02 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., 8000 München | Laser-beam measuring instrument for high-power lasers |
| DE3942293A1 (en) * | 1989-12-21 | 1991-07-04 | Thyssen Stahl Ag | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MEASURING LASER POWER |
| EP0711410B1 (en) * | 1993-07-06 | 1997-03-26 | International Business Machines Corporation | Calorimetric sensor |
| CZ304034B6 (en) * | 2012-07-16 | 2013-08-28 | Lenam, S.R.O. | Method of measuring density of flow of heat or temperature field of at least one infrared heater, apparatus for making the same and frame of the apparatus |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL6706006A (en) * | 1967-04-28 | 1968-10-29 |
-
1978
- 1978-11-10 CA CA316,126A patent/CA1128334A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-11-30 DE DE19782851879 patent/DE2851879A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1978-12-06 GB GB7847367A patent/GB2011612B/en not_active Expired
- 1978-12-11 CS CS788174A patent/CS214998B1/en unknown
- 1978-12-18 SE SE7812981A patent/SE7812981L/en unknown
- 1978-12-22 BE BE192534A patent/BE873037A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-12-22 DD DD78210126A patent/DD141200A1/en unknown
- 1978-12-22 HU HU78LU236A patent/HU177855B/en unknown
- 1978-12-26 FR FR7836347A patent/FR2412828A1/en active Granted
- 1978-12-27 PL PL1978212182A patent/PL127845B1/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2851879A1 (en) | 1979-07-26 |
| PL212182A1 (en) | 1979-08-27 |
| HU177855B (en) | 1981-12-28 |
| GB2011612A (en) | 1979-07-11 |
| DD141200A1 (en) | 1980-04-16 |
| SE7812981L (en) | 1979-06-27 |
| FR2412828A1 (en) | 1979-07-20 |
| GB2011612B (en) | 1982-12-08 |
| FR2412828B1 (en) | 1981-03-27 |
| PL127845B1 (en) | 1983-11-30 |
| CS214998B1 (en) | 1982-06-25 |
| BE873037A (en) | 1979-06-22 |
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