CA1126939A - Method and tool for producing a bushing structure having a polygonal flange - Google Patents
Method and tool for producing a bushing structure having a polygonal flangeInfo
- Publication number
- CA1126939A CA1126939A CA344,393A CA344393A CA1126939A CA 1126939 A CA1126939 A CA 1126939A CA 344393 A CA344393 A CA 344393A CA 1126939 A CA1126939 A CA 1126939A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- flange
- projections
- tool
- angles
- bushing structure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K23/00—Making other articles
- B21K23/04—Making other articles flanged articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/64—Making machine elements nuts
- B21K1/70—Making machine elements nuts of special shape, e.g. self-locking nuts, wing nuts
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A method and tool for producing a bushing structure having a polygonal flange.
The invention relates to a method and a tool (6,8) for producing a bushing structure (1,2) having a bushing (1) and a polygonal flange (2) said flange initially being formed with a circular circumference (5) having an outer diameter equalling the diameter of the inscribed circle (5) of the polygon to be made whereafter by means of cold deformation the material of the flange at the location of the angles of the polygon to be made is forced to flow outwards by means of a die (8) having projections (9) the inner surfaces (10) of which are steep with respect to the axis of the die and the bottom surface (11) of which run obliquely and arching by upwards and outwards the radial width of said projections decreasing from the center to both sides.
A method and tool for producing a bushing structure having a polygonal flange.
The invention relates to a method and a tool (6,8) for producing a bushing structure (1,2) having a bushing (1) and a polygonal flange (2) said flange initially being formed with a circular circumference (5) having an outer diameter equalling the diameter of the inscribed circle (5) of the polygon to be made whereafter by means of cold deformation the material of the flange at the location of the angles of the polygon to be made is forced to flow outwards by means of a die (8) having projections (9) the inner surfaces (10) of which are steep with respect to the axis of the die and the bottom surface (11) of which run obliquely and arching by upwards and outwards the radial width of said projections decreasing from the center to both sides.
Description
~Zfi~9 A method and tool for producing a bushing structure having a polygonal flange.
The invention relates to a method for producing a bushing structure having a polygonal flange. An example of such a bushing structure having a polygonal flange has for instance been disclosed in the U.S. Patent Specification nr. 1,513,638 5 and the U.S. Patent Specification nr. 1,982,145, respectively.
Usually such a bushing structure is provided with an internal thread for a screw plug and is used in the wall of a barrel in which a polygonal impression has been made for receiving the polygonal flange. The flange and the impression cooperate in order to keep the bushing in a fixed position when sorewing the sorew plug in its place.
When producing such a bushing structure having a flange the flange portion will always be made by starting from a blank punched out of sheet metal, whereby in view of technical reasons when machining it i8 necessary that the dimensions of the blank are somewhat bigger than the final dimensions of the flange portion. Successive machining operations are utilized for forming the bushing and the flange portion and for imparting the correct dimensions whereby the polygonal flange is obtained by punching away the edge portions.
~ he above deecribed way of manufucture lcad~ to material losses and the invention thereforo onvisages to provide a method wherein material losses are avoided.
Punching operations entail the drawback that sharp edges may be formed which detrimentally affect the adhesion of a coating if the bushing is provided with a coating. Sharp edges may be avoided by frequent and accurate maintenance of the punch dies and/or additional operations. ~ho invention furthermore envisages to provide a method in which the development of sharp edges, particularly at the periphery of the polygonal flange portion is completely eliminated in a more simple manner.
According to the invention this object is attained by initially forming the flange of the bushing structure at an outer diameter substantially equalling the diameter of the ~k ....
1~2~ 9 inscribed circle of the polygon to be made and subsequently cold working the material of the flange at the location of the angles of the polygon to be made by means of a tool acting transversally on the plane of the flange in order to impart a forced outward flow to the material to an extent that is the largest at the location of the angles and decreases in the direction of the points lying between said angles. Hence the invention is based on the conception of starting from a circular flange of too small a size followed by imparting thereto a polygonal shape by local impression.
Otherwise than upon punching this operation i9 not conducive to sharp edges. Moreover the material is strengthened by the cold working operation.
~ he bu~hing portion running from the flange i8 made by removing a circular center portion from the blank punched out of sheet metal and converting the inner edges into a cylindrical sleeve which at a later step is provided with a screw thread.
These are known operations it being novel however that out of the sheet metal there i8 punched a blank which is ~maller than the blank employed by the known method whereas the final product is just as large.
~ he tool for applying the invention preferably comprises a cavity formed by a polygonal rece~s for receiving the flange and a die provided with pro~ections directed towards ~aid oavity at the location of the angles of ~ald rece~ though wi~hin the inscribed circle, the inner surface of said projections being steep, i.e. being parallel to or appoximately parallel to the axis of the cavity and die, the bottom surface of said projections running obliquely and archingly upward~ and outwards, respectively, and the radial width of said projection~ decreasing from the Cellter to both sides thereof. In essence a tool is thus forced into the material of the flange at the location of an angle of the polygon to be made said implement having such a shape that the material of the flange is made to flow from the circular shape into the angular shape.
~ he invention will now be elucidated in further detail wi-th reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a cross section of the bushing structure provided with a flange to be manufactured.
Fig. 2 shows the location of the blank within the cavity and Fig. 3 shows a plan view likewise in diagrammatical representation.
With reference to Fig. 1 there has been shown a bushing 1 having a flange 2, which bushing has been provided with an internal screw thread 3. Within the lower side of the flange there have been indica-ted recesses 4. The bottom view of this flange represented in this figure is of hexagonal shape although it may also have a different number of angles, preferably eight.
From Figs. 2 and 3 it is apparent that the blank has a circular shape determined by the periphery 5 of the flange 2.
Upon stamping the circular blank having the periphery 5 and the manufacture of the bushing portion 1 in a known manner the work piece as shown in Fig. 2 is positioned within a cavity 6 whereby the flange 2 is received in a recess 7 of the cavity the height of which corresponds approximately to the thickness of the flange 2. As shown in Fig. 3 this recess 7 is of a hexagonal shape.
The circular flange 2 is forced into the hexagonal shape by means of die 8 provided with projections 9. ~he dimensions of these projections are such that upon foroing said pro~ections into the material of the flan~e thia materlal ia diaplaced outwardly in such a manner that the arcuate ahape is oonverted into an angle.
Conaequently the:re will have to be diaplaced a larger amount of material in the centre accompanied by a gradual decreaae of the material displacement towards the sides. For effectuating the outward diaplacement the pro~ection has an inner face running parallel or substantially parallel, respectively, to the axis of the die, i.e. running steeply in such a manner that the angle with respect to the axi~ is very acute whereas the bottom surface runs obliquely upwards in outward direction which bottom surface may have a flat or arcuate plane. The inner face has been indicated with the reference 10, the bottom surface with the reference 11.
~2Ç~
In ~ig. 1 the shape of the impression has been indicated at 12 in cross section.
~ rom Fig. 3 the shape of the impression in plan view will be apparent. ~rom the latter figure it will also be evident how the radial width of the projections and consequently of the impressions decreases in the middles of the sides of the polygon.
Each one of the projections serves to displace such an amount of material that the free space 13 between the periphery 5 of the flange and the side wall 14 of the recess 7 within thebcavity 6 will be completely filled, which condition will have to/reached when the cavity 6 and the die 8 come to rest on each other.
It will be clear that the impression does not necessarily have to be made on the lower side of the flange but that such impresslon may also be made on the upper side or on both sides, recpectively.
_________
The invention relates to a method for producing a bushing structure having a polygonal flange. An example of such a bushing structure having a polygonal flange has for instance been disclosed in the U.S. Patent Specification nr. 1,513,638 5 and the U.S. Patent Specification nr. 1,982,145, respectively.
Usually such a bushing structure is provided with an internal thread for a screw plug and is used in the wall of a barrel in which a polygonal impression has been made for receiving the polygonal flange. The flange and the impression cooperate in order to keep the bushing in a fixed position when sorewing the sorew plug in its place.
When producing such a bushing structure having a flange the flange portion will always be made by starting from a blank punched out of sheet metal, whereby in view of technical reasons when machining it i8 necessary that the dimensions of the blank are somewhat bigger than the final dimensions of the flange portion. Successive machining operations are utilized for forming the bushing and the flange portion and for imparting the correct dimensions whereby the polygonal flange is obtained by punching away the edge portions.
~ he above deecribed way of manufucture lcad~ to material losses and the invention thereforo onvisages to provide a method wherein material losses are avoided.
Punching operations entail the drawback that sharp edges may be formed which detrimentally affect the adhesion of a coating if the bushing is provided with a coating. Sharp edges may be avoided by frequent and accurate maintenance of the punch dies and/or additional operations. ~ho invention furthermore envisages to provide a method in which the development of sharp edges, particularly at the periphery of the polygonal flange portion is completely eliminated in a more simple manner.
According to the invention this object is attained by initially forming the flange of the bushing structure at an outer diameter substantially equalling the diameter of the ~k ....
1~2~ 9 inscribed circle of the polygon to be made and subsequently cold working the material of the flange at the location of the angles of the polygon to be made by means of a tool acting transversally on the plane of the flange in order to impart a forced outward flow to the material to an extent that is the largest at the location of the angles and decreases in the direction of the points lying between said angles. Hence the invention is based on the conception of starting from a circular flange of too small a size followed by imparting thereto a polygonal shape by local impression.
Otherwise than upon punching this operation i9 not conducive to sharp edges. Moreover the material is strengthened by the cold working operation.
~ he bu~hing portion running from the flange i8 made by removing a circular center portion from the blank punched out of sheet metal and converting the inner edges into a cylindrical sleeve which at a later step is provided with a screw thread.
These are known operations it being novel however that out of the sheet metal there i8 punched a blank which is ~maller than the blank employed by the known method whereas the final product is just as large.
~ he tool for applying the invention preferably comprises a cavity formed by a polygonal rece~s for receiving the flange and a die provided with pro~ections directed towards ~aid oavity at the location of the angles of ~ald rece~ though wi~hin the inscribed circle, the inner surface of said projections being steep, i.e. being parallel to or appoximately parallel to the axis of the cavity and die, the bottom surface of said projections running obliquely and archingly upward~ and outwards, respectively, and the radial width of said projection~ decreasing from the Cellter to both sides thereof. In essence a tool is thus forced into the material of the flange at the location of an angle of the polygon to be made said implement having such a shape that the material of the flange is made to flow from the circular shape into the angular shape.
~ he invention will now be elucidated in further detail wi-th reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a cross section of the bushing structure provided with a flange to be manufactured.
Fig. 2 shows the location of the blank within the cavity and Fig. 3 shows a plan view likewise in diagrammatical representation.
With reference to Fig. 1 there has been shown a bushing 1 having a flange 2, which bushing has been provided with an internal screw thread 3. Within the lower side of the flange there have been indica-ted recesses 4. The bottom view of this flange represented in this figure is of hexagonal shape although it may also have a different number of angles, preferably eight.
From Figs. 2 and 3 it is apparent that the blank has a circular shape determined by the periphery 5 of the flange 2.
Upon stamping the circular blank having the periphery 5 and the manufacture of the bushing portion 1 in a known manner the work piece as shown in Fig. 2 is positioned within a cavity 6 whereby the flange 2 is received in a recess 7 of the cavity the height of which corresponds approximately to the thickness of the flange 2. As shown in Fig. 3 this recess 7 is of a hexagonal shape.
The circular flange 2 is forced into the hexagonal shape by means of die 8 provided with projections 9. ~he dimensions of these projections are such that upon foroing said pro~ections into the material of the flan~e thia materlal ia diaplaced outwardly in such a manner that the arcuate ahape is oonverted into an angle.
Conaequently the:re will have to be diaplaced a larger amount of material in the centre accompanied by a gradual decreaae of the material displacement towards the sides. For effectuating the outward diaplacement the pro~ection has an inner face running parallel or substantially parallel, respectively, to the axis of the die, i.e. running steeply in such a manner that the angle with respect to the axi~ is very acute whereas the bottom surface runs obliquely upwards in outward direction which bottom surface may have a flat or arcuate plane. The inner face has been indicated with the reference 10, the bottom surface with the reference 11.
~2Ç~
In ~ig. 1 the shape of the impression has been indicated at 12 in cross section.
~ rom Fig. 3 the shape of the impression in plan view will be apparent. ~rom the latter figure it will also be evident how the radial width of the projections and consequently of the impressions decreases in the middles of the sides of the polygon.
Each one of the projections serves to displace such an amount of material that the free space 13 between the periphery 5 of the flange and the side wall 14 of the recess 7 within thebcavity 6 will be completely filled, which condition will have to/reached when the cavity 6 and the die 8 come to rest on each other.
It will be clear that the impression does not necessarily have to be made on the lower side of the flange but that such impresslon may also be made on the upper side or on both sides, recpectively.
_________
Claims (2)
1. A method for producing a bushing structure having a polygonal flange characterized by initially forming the flange of the bushing structure at an outer diameter substantially equalling the diameter of the inscribed circle of the polygon to be made and subsequently cold working the material of the flange at the location of the angles of the polygon to be made by means of a tool acting transversally on the plane of the flange in order to impart a forced outward flow to the material to an extent that is the largest at the location of the angles and decreases in the direction of the points lying between said angles.
2. A tool for performing the method of claim 1 characterized in that said tool comprises a cavity formed by a polygonal recess for receiving the flange and a die provided with projections directed towards said cavity at the location of the angles of said recess though within the inscribed circle, the inner surface of said projections being steep, i.e. being parallel to or approximately parallel to the axis of the cavity and die, the bottom surface of said projections running obliquely and archingly upwards and outwards, respectively, and the radial width of said projections decreasing from the center to both aides thereof.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL79.00689 | 1979-01-29 | ||
| NLAANVRAGE7900689,A NL169042C (en) | 1979-01-29 | 1979-01-29 | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A THREADED FLANGE BUSHING BUSH |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1126939A true CA1126939A (en) | 1982-07-06 |
Family
ID=19832539
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA344,393A Expired CA1126939A (en) | 1979-01-29 | 1980-01-25 | Method and tool for producing a bushing structure having a polygonal flange |
Country Status (32)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US4319477A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS55103245A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR218191A1 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT370651B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU514536B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE881401A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8000533A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1126939A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH646622A5 (en) |
| CS (1) | CS229629B2 (en) |
| DD (1) | DD160098A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3001420C2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK152705C (en) |
| ES (2) | ES259606Y (en) |
| FI (1) | FI80221C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2447241A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2040740B (en) |
| GR (1) | GR74027B (en) |
| HU (1) | HU182063B (en) |
| IE (1) | IE49250B1 (en) |
| IN (1) | IN152342B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1147704B (en) |
| LU (1) | LU82113A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX151169A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL169042C (en) |
| NO (1) | NO152966C (en) |
| PL (1) | PL129681B1 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT70739A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE436547B (en) |
| TR (1) | TR20349A (en) |
| YU (1) | YU44311B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA80530B (en) |
Families Citing this family (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4637766A (en) * | 1985-06-17 | 1987-01-20 | Textron Inc. | Clinch type fastener |
| US5299860A (en) * | 1992-05-07 | 1994-04-05 | Anderson Lynn J | Snowmobile stud fastener |
| US5405404A (en) * | 1993-10-07 | 1995-04-11 | Intermedics Orthopedics, Inc. | Instrument for disassembling a bipolar hip prosthesis |
| US6018828A (en) * | 1997-10-14 | 2000-02-01 | Moen Incorporated | Reversible extension nut for side spray escutcheons |
| US5934135A (en) * | 1998-04-24 | 1999-08-10 | Msp Industries Corporation | Apparatus and method for near net warm forging of complex parts from axi-symmetrical workpieces |
| US20030007844A1 (en) * | 2001-05-31 | 2003-01-09 | Terry Sydney Lee | Anti-loosening nut for threaded fasteners |
| CN1318766C (en) * | 2001-08-15 | 2007-05-30 | 钢制产品公司 | Self-attaching fastener |
| WO2003062651A1 (en) | 2002-01-22 | 2003-07-31 | Fabristeel Products, Inc. | Self-piercing female fastener, method of forming a selaed female fastener and panel assembly and panel assembly |
| KR20040093690A (en) * | 2002-01-22 | 2004-11-08 | 파브리스틸 프로덕트 인코포레이티드 | Method of cold forming a self-attaching female fastener element |
| GB2388413B (en) * | 2002-05-11 | 2005-05-18 | Wagon Ind Ltd | Improvements relating to vehicle bumber assemblies and associated towing assemblies |
| US20040042871A1 (en) * | 2002-09-04 | 2004-03-04 | Wojciechowski Stanley E. | Self-attaching female fastener element, sealed fastener and panel assembly and method of forming same |
| JP2006183798A (en) * | 2004-12-28 | 2006-07-13 | Nagayama Denshi Kogyo Kk | T-nut |
| WO2007126478A1 (en) * | 2006-02-22 | 2007-11-08 | Catlin Bryan L | Internally threaded connector |
| DE102008058229A1 (en) * | 2008-11-19 | 2010-06-10 | Kenersys Gmbh | Attachment for attachment of attachments to the tower inner wall of a wind turbine |
| CA2789018C (en) | 2009-02-04 | 2017-07-04 | Thomas M. Espinosa | Concrete anchor |
| US20110064540A1 (en) | 2009-09-17 | 2011-03-17 | Mirco Walther | Screw having underside cutters and pockets |
| US8591159B2 (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2013-11-26 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Screw having underside pockets |
| DE102011108224A1 (en) * | 2011-07-21 | 2013-01-24 | Profil Verbindungstechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Functional element with anti-rotation features and assembly component consisting of the functional element and a sheet metal part |
| DE102020003744A1 (en) | 2020-06-23 | 2021-12-23 | Diehl Metall Stiftung & Co. Kg | Base part for producing a cartridge case and cartridge case, method for producing a base part for a cartridge case and method for producing a cartridge case |
Family Cites Families (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US28212A (en) * | 1860-05-08 | Compensating spring-balance | ||
| US1142782A (en) * | 1914-12-03 | 1915-06-08 | Rockwood Sprinkler Co | Set of dies. |
| US1513638A (en) * | 1923-05-12 | 1924-10-28 | Winnifred B Parish | Bushing structure |
| US1905621A (en) * | 1930-10-28 | 1933-04-25 | Helen Margaret Cole | Method of producing self-locking nuts |
| US2138404A (en) * | 1934-10-12 | 1938-11-29 | Baldwin Southwark Corp | Method for inserting and holding closure plugs |
| US2158434A (en) * | 1937-01-21 | 1939-05-16 | Schwartz Sol | Apparatus for making a bung ring |
| US2205871A (en) * | 1937-10-18 | 1940-06-25 | Leonard A Young | Method of making nuts |
| US2157354A (en) * | 1938-02-11 | 1939-05-09 | Smith Corp A O | Embossing metal plates |
| US2539899A (en) * | 1945-07-18 | 1951-01-30 | Boots Aircraft Nut Corp | Method of forming lock nuts |
| US2551102A (en) * | 1945-07-18 | 1951-05-01 | Boots Aircraft Nut Corp | Lock nut |
| US2939160A (en) * | 1957-07-19 | 1960-06-07 | Nat Lock Co | Polygonal bolt head forming punch |
| US3001214A (en) * | 1958-12-19 | 1961-09-26 | Lamson & Sessions Co | Method and apparatus for forming welding projections on a nut blank |
| AT240142B (en) * | 1963-02-13 | 1965-05-10 | Ni I Exi Awtomobilnovo Elektro | Process for the production of hollow bodies made of metal with a polygonal screw-in socket |
| DE1452669A1 (en) * | 1965-12-09 | 1969-03-27 | Golde Gmbh H T | Process for the production of nuts for screw connections from sheet metal material and device for its implementation |
| JPS5143445B2 (en) * | 1972-07-31 | 1976-11-22 | ||
| JPS4954757A (en) * | 1973-05-04 | 1974-05-28 | ||
| FR2283354A1 (en) * | 1974-07-30 | 1976-03-26 | Beltoise Marguet Et Cie | PROCESS FOR IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF NUTS OBTAINED BY DEFORMATION AND NUT RESULTING FROM THE PROCESS |
| NL169513C (en) * | 1978-01-13 | 1982-07-16 | Nedschroef Octrooi Maats | SELF-SECURING FASTENING ELEMENT AND A STAMP FOR MAKING THAT ELEMENT. |
-
1979
- 1979-01-29 NL NLAANVRAGE7900689,A patent/NL169042C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1980
- 1980-01-16 DE DE3001420A patent/DE3001420C2/en not_active Expired
- 1980-01-22 AU AU54819/80A patent/AU514536B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1980-01-24 HU HU80149A patent/HU182063B/en unknown
- 1980-01-24 AR AR279729A patent/AR218191A1/en active
- 1980-01-25 CA CA344,393A patent/CA1126939A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-01-25 US US06/115,363 patent/US4319477A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1980-01-26 TR TR20349A patent/TR20349A/en unknown
- 1980-01-26 ES ES1980259606U patent/ES259606Y/en not_active Expired
- 1980-01-28 SE SE8000659A patent/SE436547B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-01-28 CH CH67380A patent/CH646622A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-01-28 IT IT67113/80A patent/IT1147704B/en active
- 1980-01-28 MX MX180972A patent/MX151169A/en unknown
- 1980-01-28 IN IN98/CAL/80A patent/IN152342B/en unknown
- 1980-01-28 PT PT70739A patent/PT70739A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-01-28 AT AT0045080A patent/AT370651B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-01-28 LU LU82113A patent/LU82113A1/en unknown
- 1980-01-28 CS CS80587A patent/CS229629B2/en unknown
- 1980-01-28 FI FI800233A patent/FI80221C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-01-28 IE IE162/80A patent/IE49250B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-01-28 GB GB8002812A patent/GB2040740B/en not_active Expired
- 1980-01-28 NO NO800191A patent/NO152966C/en unknown
- 1980-01-28 BR BR8000533A patent/BR8000533A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-01-28 DK DK035580A patent/DK152705C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-01-29 JP JP925080A patent/JPS55103245A/en active Granted
- 1980-01-29 FR FR8001890A patent/FR2447241A1/en active Granted
- 1980-01-29 PL PL1980221652A patent/PL129681B1/en unknown
- 1980-01-29 GR GR61069A patent/GR74027B/el unknown
- 1980-01-29 DD DD80218710A patent/DD160098A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-01-29 YU YU227/80A patent/YU44311B/en unknown
- 1980-01-29 ZA ZA00800530A patent/ZA80530B/en unknown
- 1980-01-29 BE BE0/199150A patent/BE881401A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1981
- 1981-12-30 ES ES1981262762U patent/ES262762Y/en not_active Expired
-
1982
- 1982-01-25 US US06/342,499 patent/US4470736A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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