CA1124130A - Method and device for the improvement of the feed value of especially plant stems - Google Patents
Method and device for the improvement of the feed value of especially plant stemsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1124130A CA1124130A CA293,366A CA293366A CA1124130A CA 1124130 A CA1124130 A CA 1124130A CA 293366 A CA293366 A CA 293366A CA 1124130 A CA1124130 A CA 1124130A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- bag
- pipe
- ammonia
- stems
- stub
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N17/00—Apparatus specially adapted for preparing animal feeding-stuffs
- A23N17/001—Apparatus specially adapted for preparing animal feeding-stuffs by treating with chemicals, e.g. ammoniac, sodium hydroxide
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
- A23K50/15—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants containing substances which are metabolically converted to proteins, e.g. ammonium salts or urea
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
- Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
- Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Feeding And Watering For Cattle Raising And Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Vacuum Packaging (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The invention relates to a method for the improvement of the feed value of especially plant stems, i.e. straw, through influence by ammonia vapours and means for the performance of the method. The object of the invention is to obtain a large percentage of nitrogen by treatment of the straw and thus a large percentage of total protein and with the possibility of supplying much ammonia to the feeding stuff. This gives a uniform feeding stuff with a low percentage of ash and without a residual lye which would be noxious to the animals. For the performance of the method the plant stems are confined in an airtight bag which is them evacuated of air, whereafter a suitable amount of ammonia is supplied. After a suitable time the stems are removed and can them be used as feeding stuff, if necessary, after a mechanical comminution. Further the invention relates to some advantageous mans for use in connection with the application of a plastic bag as a container for the straw during the treatment.
Finally the invention may be sued for treating other vegetable raw materials such as paper to be used as a feeding stuff.
The invention relates to a method for the improvement of the feed value of especially plant stems, i.e. straw, through influence by ammonia vapours and means for the performance of the method. The object of the invention is to obtain a large percentage of nitrogen by treatment of the straw and thus a large percentage of total protein and with the possibility of supplying much ammonia to the feeding stuff. This gives a uniform feeding stuff with a low percentage of ash and without a residual lye which would be noxious to the animals. For the performance of the method the plant stems are confined in an airtight bag which is them evacuated of air, whereafter a suitable amount of ammonia is supplied. After a suitable time the stems are removed and can them be used as feeding stuff, if necessary, after a mechanical comminution. Further the invention relates to some advantageous mans for use in connection with the application of a plastic bag as a container for the straw during the treatment.
Finally the invention may be sued for treating other vegetable raw materials such as paper to be used as a feeding stuff.
Description
~ ~ ,f~,~9 3~
MEqlHOD AND DEVI~E FOR I'HE IMPROVEME~q' O~ ~HE F~ED
VALUE 0~ ~SP~CIAL~Y PIANq' Sq'EMS.
~he inverltion relates to a method for the improvement of the feed value of especially plant s-tems, such as straw, plant uni-ts and maybe granulated vegetable paper through influence by ammonia vapours and a device for the performance of the me~hod.
.
It is generally known to improve the feed value of straw by placing the straw in a closed room and supply ammonia in such a way that.
the straw is surrounded by an ammonia containing atmosphere for a period of time which is normally 8 weeks. I'his so-called lixiviation of s-traw improves the feed value of the s-traw corresponding to about 2,4 kg. straw per feed unitO
. ^~ , ' ~
It is the object of the invention to improve this known method and this is achieved according tothe invention, when the stems are confined in a hermetic flexible bag which is then partly evacuated of air, whereafter ammonia is supplied until the sub-atmospheric pressure is counter-balanced, whereafter the stems are removed after a suitable time. By khis a feed value is achieved corresponding to about 1.5 kg. straw per feed unit after a stay of only 4 days and nights in the bag. By using a method in which the ammonia in the bag has a certain super-atmospheric pressure at least in periods, the efficiency ofthe process is considerably improved. By using the method wherein the ammonia is exhausted/blown off, before the stems are removed from the bag, the time of termination of the lixiviation and till the straw can be used as feeding stuff for animals is considerably increased. A bag which is made of plastic foil and provided with at least one opening for the insertion and removal of the stems, the opening being provisionally closed by means of a closing device, is parti-cularly suitable for the performance of the method. A bag having a valve at the top which opens up to the atmosphere when the pressure in the bag excedes maximum pressure until the working pressure is achieved whereafter it is closed, renders high security against breaking of the bag and the efficiency is thus constantly optimum.
A bag having a sloping bottom which slopes downward from the place or places of supply of the ammonia is suitable where, for example, fluid ammonia is supplied as this can thus seep through the straw at the bot-tom and give an effective dist-ribution of the vapours. By using a pipe stub which will be 3~
described more fully hereinaf-ter, a pipe stub arrangement is achieved in a simple and cheap way, which arrangement allows for the insertion of a pipe to the interior of the bag, which pipe on the outside may be connected to a vacuum source via a tube. The pipe stub may be mounted at any place which might be the most suitable for -the work and after use may be removed in order to be used in another bag. By using a clamp a safet~
valve is obtained in a simple way and simultaneously tightness is achieved both with an inserted pipe and when the pipe is removed from the stub.
c9~ups The e~ffl~may consist of two clamping jaws flexibly squeezed by means of two elastic strings. This is a simple as well as an effective security and closing device.
The invention will be further described with references to the drawings in which Fig. 1 shows a partly lntersected pipe stub wi-th an insextion pipe inserted, Fig. 2 shows the outermost part of the stub with the pipe pulled out, Fig. 3 shows the stub viewed from the end with inser-tion pipe, Fig. 4 shows a sectional view of an example of a bag-closing.
For the performance of the method a bag of any size is used, e.g.
consisting of a plastic tube which can be closed at both ends.
The plastic material is suitably flexible in order to be able to yield during the exhaustion of air. A vacuum source is connected to this bag and also a supply for ammonia. This may be accomplished by means of one or more tube stubs to which connection tubes may be fastened. The closing devices for the bag may be of any generally known form, e.g. the end of the plastic tube may be wound around a piece of flat iron and the winding may be squeezed by means of a removable clamp device.
These means will be described in a more detailed fashion herein-after.
Further the bag is provided at the top with a valve partly in the form of an automatically working super-atmospheric pressure valve which prevent an inadmissible super-atmospheric pressure in the bag so that this will not split during the presence of ammonia in the bag and partly in the form of a manually operated air escape valve. This method will be described hereafter.
Straw, usually in the form of bales of straw, is placed inside the bag which is then closed hermetically. By means of a vacuum source the air is evacuated until a sub-atmospheric pressure of about 600 mm Hg. is reached. By this evacuation the walls of the bag are squeezed around the straw to such an extent that the hollow straws are split in such a manner that there will be no closed cavities in the straws when these resume their normal form. Ammonia is then supplied to the interior of the bag via a tube connection either as liquid or vapour. Where fluid ammonia is supplied, the bottom of the bag must slope from the inlet towards the bottom in order to secure an even distribution of ammonia in the straw. By this supply of ammonia as a replacement for the alr, the bag expands again and con-currently ammonia is sucked in~o the cavities of the straw and into the space between -the straws. Thus, a previously unknown, hiyh supply of ammonia to the straws is achieved and a con-commitant acceleration of the process is also achieved. Thiscauses the higher feed value and the increased content of raw proteins of up to 15~ of the prepared feeding stuff.
The straw may be kept in the bag for some time dependent on the thickness of the straws, the moisture content and the temperature. Further, the pressure at which the ammonia vapours are kept is of significance to the process.
In order to accelerate the lixiviation process, air may be evacuated and thus cause squeezing of the straws several times in succession, before the ammonia is supplied.
Further,additional ammonia may be supplied and its pressure may be varied in order to insure best results. Further, the ammonia may be kept under a certain super-atmospheric pressure whereby the process is further accelerated as the ammonia i5 assimilated in the plant web.
When the process ln the bag is terminated after the required number of days and nights, e.g. 4 to 6 days and nights, the ammonia is lead out either by exudation through an upper outlet opening or by evaporation which removes the ammonia, whereafter fresh air may be supplied. The straw is ready to be used as feeding stuff immediately after the termination of the process.
In the usual way the plant is provided with safety devices for the protection of the staff, and where tubes are used, these are made flexible, so that they can follow the contraction and the ex~pansion oE the bag.
In the following an embodiment for the tube- or pipe-stub will be further described.
As shown in Fig. 1 the pipe stub 1 consists of a pipe piece 6 which is threaded at one end. The threaded piece is inserted through a hole in the bag-wall 2 which may be reinforced around the hole in order to build a double wall, as shown if Fig. 1.
The pipe piece 6 is jammed to the bag-wall by means of a couple of nuts 11 and 12, and as another security against leakages an O-ring 13 and 14 may be placed between the nuts andthe bag-wall.
When the nuts are tightened against each other a completely airtight and safe connection between bag and stub is created.
At the projecting end of the pipe 6 a flexible tube 5 is furthermore placed with a diameter which is smaller than that of the pipe 6 in order to build a sleeve which is elastic, so that it squeezes tightly around the two pipes with different diameter.
Further the tube may be fastened to the pipe by means of e.g.
a clamping string 15 or a tightening string of a suitable kind.
Hereby an airtight connection is furthermore secured.
Through the opening of the tube 5 an insertion pipe 4 may be inserted which can pass through the interior of the pipe 6 and into the interior of the bag. The tube 5 shuts tightly to the insertion pipe 4 and thus builds an airtight sleeve between the outer of the pipe 4 and the outer of the pipe stub 1.
. ~
~L~.2~
Finally a couple of clamping jaws 7 and 8 are placed on the outside of -the s~eeve 5, which clamping jaws squeeze against the insertion pipe 4 b~ means oE a couple of elastic strings 9 and 10, which is most obviously seen in Fig. 3. These elas-tic strings 9 and 10 are suitably strong in order to squeeze the sleeve 5, when the insertion pipe is not inserted, as it is seen from Fig. 2.
While the elastic strings 9 and 10 close hermetically for the pipe stub, they make sure that a -too high super-atmospheric pressure does not occur in the bag, as such a super-atmospheric pressure will be ventilated through the sleeve, as the clamps will yield and let out -the super-atmospheric pressure.
Fig. 4 shows a suitable closing device for the ends of the plastic tube which is to constitute the bag. It may be made of a rigid rail 16 which has a box section with a longitudinal slot.
The end of the tube is lead into the section 16 and and is kept there by means of a string 17 with a suitable diameter. When -~the string and the plastic foil has been depressed into the rail as shown in Fig. 4, a disconnecting hermetic closing for the end of the plastic tube is hereby achieved by simple means.
sy means of such a rail at each end of the plastic tube, the plastic bag is easy to make and easy to take apart after use for removal of the prepared straw. Then the closing device can be used for makin~ a new bag.
MEqlHOD AND DEVI~E FOR I'HE IMPROVEME~q' O~ ~HE F~ED
VALUE 0~ ~SP~CIAL~Y PIANq' Sq'EMS.
~he inverltion relates to a method for the improvement of the feed value of especially plant s-tems, such as straw, plant uni-ts and maybe granulated vegetable paper through influence by ammonia vapours and a device for the performance of the me~hod.
.
It is generally known to improve the feed value of straw by placing the straw in a closed room and supply ammonia in such a way that.
the straw is surrounded by an ammonia containing atmosphere for a period of time which is normally 8 weeks. I'his so-called lixiviation of s-traw improves the feed value of the s-traw corresponding to about 2,4 kg. straw per feed unitO
. ^~ , ' ~
It is the object of the invention to improve this known method and this is achieved according tothe invention, when the stems are confined in a hermetic flexible bag which is then partly evacuated of air, whereafter ammonia is supplied until the sub-atmospheric pressure is counter-balanced, whereafter the stems are removed after a suitable time. By khis a feed value is achieved corresponding to about 1.5 kg. straw per feed unit after a stay of only 4 days and nights in the bag. By using a method in which the ammonia in the bag has a certain super-atmospheric pressure at least in periods, the efficiency ofthe process is considerably improved. By using the method wherein the ammonia is exhausted/blown off, before the stems are removed from the bag, the time of termination of the lixiviation and till the straw can be used as feeding stuff for animals is considerably increased. A bag which is made of plastic foil and provided with at least one opening for the insertion and removal of the stems, the opening being provisionally closed by means of a closing device, is parti-cularly suitable for the performance of the method. A bag having a valve at the top which opens up to the atmosphere when the pressure in the bag excedes maximum pressure until the working pressure is achieved whereafter it is closed, renders high security against breaking of the bag and the efficiency is thus constantly optimum.
A bag having a sloping bottom which slopes downward from the place or places of supply of the ammonia is suitable where, for example, fluid ammonia is supplied as this can thus seep through the straw at the bot-tom and give an effective dist-ribution of the vapours. By using a pipe stub which will be 3~
described more fully hereinaf-ter, a pipe stub arrangement is achieved in a simple and cheap way, which arrangement allows for the insertion of a pipe to the interior of the bag, which pipe on the outside may be connected to a vacuum source via a tube. The pipe stub may be mounted at any place which might be the most suitable for -the work and after use may be removed in order to be used in another bag. By using a clamp a safet~
valve is obtained in a simple way and simultaneously tightness is achieved both with an inserted pipe and when the pipe is removed from the stub.
c9~ups The e~ffl~may consist of two clamping jaws flexibly squeezed by means of two elastic strings. This is a simple as well as an effective security and closing device.
The invention will be further described with references to the drawings in which Fig. 1 shows a partly lntersected pipe stub wi-th an insextion pipe inserted, Fig. 2 shows the outermost part of the stub with the pipe pulled out, Fig. 3 shows the stub viewed from the end with inser-tion pipe, Fig. 4 shows a sectional view of an example of a bag-closing.
For the performance of the method a bag of any size is used, e.g.
consisting of a plastic tube which can be closed at both ends.
The plastic material is suitably flexible in order to be able to yield during the exhaustion of air. A vacuum source is connected to this bag and also a supply for ammonia. This may be accomplished by means of one or more tube stubs to which connection tubes may be fastened. The closing devices for the bag may be of any generally known form, e.g. the end of the plastic tube may be wound around a piece of flat iron and the winding may be squeezed by means of a removable clamp device.
These means will be described in a more detailed fashion herein-after.
Further the bag is provided at the top with a valve partly in the form of an automatically working super-atmospheric pressure valve which prevent an inadmissible super-atmospheric pressure in the bag so that this will not split during the presence of ammonia in the bag and partly in the form of a manually operated air escape valve. This method will be described hereafter.
Straw, usually in the form of bales of straw, is placed inside the bag which is then closed hermetically. By means of a vacuum source the air is evacuated until a sub-atmospheric pressure of about 600 mm Hg. is reached. By this evacuation the walls of the bag are squeezed around the straw to such an extent that the hollow straws are split in such a manner that there will be no closed cavities in the straws when these resume their normal form. Ammonia is then supplied to the interior of the bag via a tube connection either as liquid or vapour. Where fluid ammonia is supplied, the bottom of the bag must slope from the inlet towards the bottom in order to secure an even distribution of ammonia in the straw. By this supply of ammonia as a replacement for the alr, the bag expands again and con-currently ammonia is sucked in~o the cavities of the straw and into the space between -the straws. Thus, a previously unknown, hiyh supply of ammonia to the straws is achieved and a con-commitant acceleration of the process is also achieved. Thiscauses the higher feed value and the increased content of raw proteins of up to 15~ of the prepared feeding stuff.
The straw may be kept in the bag for some time dependent on the thickness of the straws, the moisture content and the temperature. Further, the pressure at which the ammonia vapours are kept is of significance to the process.
In order to accelerate the lixiviation process, air may be evacuated and thus cause squeezing of the straws several times in succession, before the ammonia is supplied.
Further,additional ammonia may be supplied and its pressure may be varied in order to insure best results. Further, the ammonia may be kept under a certain super-atmospheric pressure whereby the process is further accelerated as the ammonia i5 assimilated in the plant web.
When the process ln the bag is terminated after the required number of days and nights, e.g. 4 to 6 days and nights, the ammonia is lead out either by exudation through an upper outlet opening or by evaporation which removes the ammonia, whereafter fresh air may be supplied. The straw is ready to be used as feeding stuff immediately after the termination of the process.
In the usual way the plant is provided with safety devices for the protection of the staff, and where tubes are used, these are made flexible, so that they can follow the contraction and the ex~pansion oE the bag.
In the following an embodiment for the tube- or pipe-stub will be further described.
As shown in Fig. 1 the pipe stub 1 consists of a pipe piece 6 which is threaded at one end. The threaded piece is inserted through a hole in the bag-wall 2 which may be reinforced around the hole in order to build a double wall, as shown if Fig. 1.
The pipe piece 6 is jammed to the bag-wall by means of a couple of nuts 11 and 12, and as another security against leakages an O-ring 13 and 14 may be placed between the nuts andthe bag-wall.
When the nuts are tightened against each other a completely airtight and safe connection between bag and stub is created.
At the projecting end of the pipe 6 a flexible tube 5 is furthermore placed with a diameter which is smaller than that of the pipe 6 in order to build a sleeve which is elastic, so that it squeezes tightly around the two pipes with different diameter.
Further the tube may be fastened to the pipe by means of e.g.
a clamping string 15 or a tightening string of a suitable kind.
Hereby an airtight connection is furthermore secured.
Through the opening of the tube 5 an insertion pipe 4 may be inserted which can pass through the interior of the pipe 6 and into the interior of the bag. The tube 5 shuts tightly to the insertion pipe 4 and thus builds an airtight sleeve between the outer of the pipe 4 and the outer of the pipe stub 1.
. ~
~L~.2~
Finally a couple of clamping jaws 7 and 8 are placed on the outside of -the s~eeve 5, which clamping jaws squeeze against the insertion pipe 4 b~ means oE a couple of elastic strings 9 and 10, which is most obviously seen in Fig. 3. These elas-tic strings 9 and 10 are suitably strong in order to squeeze the sleeve 5, when the insertion pipe is not inserted, as it is seen from Fig. 2.
While the elastic strings 9 and 10 close hermetically for the pipe stub, they make sure that a -too high super-atmospheric pressure does not occur in the bag, as such a super-atmospheric pressure will be ventilated through the sleeve, as the clamps will yield and let out -the super-atmospheric pressure.
Fig. 4 shows a suitable closing device for the ends of the plastic tube which is to constitute the bag. It may be made of a rigid rail 16 which has a box section with a longitudinal slot.
The end of the tube is lead into the section 16 and and is kept there by means of a string 17 with a suitable diameter. When -~the string and the plastic foil has been depressed into the rail as shown in Fig. 4, a disconnecting hermetic closing for the end of the plastic tube is hereby achieved by simple means.
sy means of such a rail at each end of the plastic tube, the plastic bag is easy to make and easy to take apart after use for removal of the prepared straw. Then the closing device can be used for makin~ a new bag.
Claims (8)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. Method for improvement of the feed value of especially plant stems such as straws through influence by am-omonia vapours, characterized in that the stems are confined in a hermetic flexible bag which is then partly evacuated-of air, whereafter ammonia is supplied until the sub-atmospheric pressure is counterbalanced, whereafter the stems are removed after a suitable time.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ammonia in the bag at least in periods has a certain super-atmospheric pressure.
3. Method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the ammonia is exhausted/blown off, before the stems are removed from the bag.
4. A device for use in performing the method as claimed in claim 1, comprising a flexible plastic bag having an opening for the insertion of plant stems, a closing device hermetically closing said opening, and a pipe connector in the wall of said bag, the pipe connector including a pipe stub which is air-tightly fitted to the bag wall and which has an internal opening, an insertion pipe which extends through said opening and which has an external diameter significantly smaller than the internal diameter of said stub, whereby a space is provided between the stub and pipe, and a flexible sleeve fitted to said stub and pipe and closing said space.
5. A device as claimed in claim 4 wherein the bag is further provided at the top with a pressure relief valve adapted to provide communication between the interior of the bag and atmosphere when the pressure in the bag exceeds a maximum working pressure.
6. A device according to claim 4, wherein the bottom of the bag slopes downwardly from the location of said pipe connector.
7. A device as claimed in claim 4, wherein said insertion pipe is removable from the pipe connector, and wherein the con-nector further comprises a flexible clamp which normally clamps said flexible sleeve to said pipe hut which is adapted to hermetically close the opening in the stub when the pipe is removed.
8. A device as claimed in claim 7, wherein said clamp comprises two clamping jaws disposed at respectively opposite sides of said sleeve, and two elastic bands extending around said jaws and biassing the same towards one another.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK5732/76 | 1976-12-20 | ||
| DK573276A DK573276A (en) | 1976-12-20 | 1976-12-20 | PROCEDURE AND MEASURE FOR IMPROVING THE FEED VALUE OF PLANT STICKS |
| DK541977A DK541977A (en) | 1977-12-06 | 1977-12-06 | APPARATUS FOR IMPROVING THE FEED VALUE OF PLANT STARS |
| DK5419/77 | 1977-12-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1124130A true CA1124130A (en) | 1982-05-25 |
Family
ID=26067841
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA293,366A Expired CA1124130A (en) | 1976-12-20 | 1977-12-19 | Method and device for the improvement of the feed value of especially plant stems |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU516750B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1124130A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH625679A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2756564A1 (en) |
| EG (1) | EG12948A (en) |
| FI (1) | FI773818A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2373973A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1591638A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7714146A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO149056C (en) |
| PL (1) | PL203160A1 (en) |
| SE (1) | SE442810B (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3209930A1 (en) * | 1982-03-18 | 1983-09-22 | Rudolf 8034 Germering Schanze | Process for degrading aflatoxin in food products |
| DE3675720D1 (en) * | 1985-08-17 | 1991-01-03 | Brotherton Chemicals Ltd | TREATMENT OF LIGNOCELLULOSE MATERIAL. |
| FR2592554A1 (en) * | 1986-01-07 | 1987-07-10 | Jacob Sa Ets | Movable device for dispensing nitrogenous material for mulches intended for feeding cattle |
| GB8621830D0 (en) * | 1986-09-10 | 1986-10-15 | Hi Qual Mfg Ltd | Bale processing |
| WO1992017071A1 (en) * | 1991-04-04 | 1992-10-15 | Eighth Milieu Nominees Pty. Ltd. | Method and apparatus relating to improvements in the manufacture of silage fodder |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| USRE22477E (en) * | 1944-05-09 | Ammoniated agricultural material | ||
| US2789906A (en) * | 1954-12-01 | 1957-04-23 | Francis G Zick | Method of ammoniating cattle feed |
| FR1575327A (en) * | 1967-08-01 | 1969-07-18 | ||
| CH479457A (en) * | 1967-08-01 | 1969-10-15 | Ici Ltd | Plastic film container |
| CH481808A (en) * | 1968-01-23 | 1969-11-30 | Goglio Spa Luigi Milano | Process for packing perishable products and flexible valve container to carry out the process |
| ES379848A1 (en) * | 1969-05-21 | 1973-02-01 | Univ Michigan State | Method of introducing ammonia into a ruminant animal feed and feed obtained thereby |
-
1977
- 1977-12-09 EG EG699/77A patent/EG12948A/en active
- 1977-12-16 NO NO774349A patent/NO149056C/en unknown
- 1977-12-16 FI FI773818A patent/FI773818A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-12-19 CA CA293,366A patent/CA1124130A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-19 DE DE19772756564 patent/DE2756564A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1977-12-19 CH CH1560577A patent/CH625679A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-12-19 SE SE7714400A patent/SE442810B/en unknown
- 1977-12-19 AU AU31694/77A patent/AU516750B2/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-20 FR FR7738486A patent/FR2373973A1/en active Granted
- 1977-12-20 NL NL7714146A patent/NL7714146A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-12-20 PL PL20316077A patent/PL203160A1/en unknown
- 1977-12-20 GB GB53022/77A patent/GB1591638A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE442810B (en) | 1986-02-03 |
| AU3169477A (en) | 1979-06-28 |
| CH625679A5 (en) | 1981-10-15 |
| SE7714400L (en) | 1978-06-21 |
| FI773818A (en) | 1978-06-21 |
| NL7714146A (en) | 1978-06-22 |
| DE2756564A1 (en) | 1978-06-22 |
| PL203160A1 (en) | 1978-10-23 |
| EG12948A (en) | 1980-10-31 |
| FR2373973B1 (en) | 1984-08-24 |
| GB1591638A (en) | 1981-06-24 |
| NO774349L (en) | 1978-06-21 |
| NO149056B (en) | 1983-10-31 |
| FR2373973A1 (en) | 1978-07-13 |
| NO149056C (en) | 1988-12-22 |
| AU516750B2 (en) | 1981-06-18 |
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