CA1124021A - Multilobed feed yarn for texturing - Google Patents
Multilobed feed yarn for texturingInfo
- Publication number
- CA1124021A CA1124021A CA317,827A CA317827A CA1124021A CA 1124021 A CA1124021 A CA 1124021A CA 317827 A CA317827 A CA 317827A CA 1124021 A CA1124021 A CA 1124021A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- filaments
- yarn
- angstroms
- polyester
- texturing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002074 melt spinning Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000535 Tan II Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 Polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001988 small-angle X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004736 wide-angle X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/253—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a non-circular cross section; Spinnerette packs therefor
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
- D02G1/02—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist
- D02G1/0286—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist characterised by the use of certain filaments, fibres or yarns
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A multilobed polyester filament for texturing wherein the filament cross-section deforms less than commercial yarns having typical elongations of 70 - 140° elongation, and dyes more deeply than commercial yarns having elongations below 50%, during texturing, produced by melt spinning at a sufficient spinning stress to produce an elongation less than 62%, a crystallite volume of at least 3 X 105 cubic angstroms and an average crystalline lateral dimension of at least 50 angstroms.
A multilobed polyester filament for texturing wherein the filament cross-section deforms less than commercial yarns having typical elongations of 70 - 140° elongation, and dyes more deeply than commercial yarns having elongations below 50%, during texturing, produced by melt spinning at a sufficient spinning stress to produce an elongation less than 62%, a crystallite volume of at least 3 X 105 cubic angstroms and an average crystalline lateral dimension of at least 50 angstroms.
Description
2~2~
The invention relates to the art of spinning polyester multilobed filaments which are to be -textured. More particu-larly, it relates to such filaments wherein the filamentsi cross sec-tions are deformed less during the texturing operation than multilobed filaments made by known prior art processes.
Multilobed filaments having particular cross-sections to achieve various functions are known in the art. Typical disclosures in various U.S. patents may be found in U.S.
2,939,201 and U.S. 2,939,202 to Holland, U.S. 3,256,607 to Strachan, U.S. 3,~25,893 to Sims, U.S. Re~ 29,363 to McKay, and U.S. 4,041,689 to Duncan et al. When such multilobed filaments are textured, their cross-sections frequently become deformed sufficien-tly to reduce or defeat attainment of the desired function of the cross-section. In the case of poly-ester filaments, these and other difficulties are avoided by the present invention, wherein are provided novel polyester yarns which deform less during texturing and a process for making such novel yarns.
According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided'a process for spinning a multifilament polyester yarn for draw-false-twist texturizing, comprising extruding molten polyester polymer streams through a plurality of non-round spinneret orifices and downwardly into a quench zone wherein the streams are cooled to become filaments, the spinneret orifice shapes and quenching conditions being selected such that the filaments have multilobal cross-sections, withdrawing the filaments from the molten streams C-14-54-0298 ~ Z ~ 2 ~
at a speed selected such that the filaments have an elongation less than 62%, a stress-induced crystalline structure having an average crystallite volume of at least 3 X 105 cubic angstroms, and an average lateral minimum crystallite dimension as determined by X-ray diffraction of more than 50 angstroms, and collecting the filaments in an orderly fashion. According to another aspect of the invention, the orifice shapes and quenching conditions are selected such that the filaments have modification ratios between 1.13 and 1.85.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a multifilament polyester yarn for draw-false-; twist ~exturing comprising multilobal filaments having an elongation less than 62%, a stress-induced crystalline structure having an average crystallite volume of at least 3 X 105 cubic angstroms and an average lateral minimum crystallite dimension as determined by X-ray diffraction of more than 50 angstroms.
According to another aspect of the invention, the filaments have 3 lobes. According to another aspect of the invention, the filaments have from 6 to 10 lobes. According to another aspect of the invention, the ~ilaments have modification ratios between 1.13 and 1.85.
Other aspects of the invention will be disclosed in the following détailed disclosure of the invention. While the following detailed disclosure is direc~ed for exemplary purposes to filaments having cross-sections selected to reduce glitter, in its broader aspects it is generally applicable to the class of multi-lobal filaments.
Example .:
Polyethylene terephthalate polymer of normal molecular weight for apparel yarns is extruded at a melt temperature of ~90C. through 34 spinneret orifices and downwardly through a 1.5 meter quench zone supplied with 20C.
quenching air moving transversely at lS meters per minute. The solidified filaments are withdrawn from the molten streams at a spinning speed of 5500 meters per minute, a conventional spin finish is applied, and the filaments are wound on a bobbin.
Each spinneret orifice consists of eight slots 0.089 mm wide and 0.285 mm long arranged radially about and intersecting at a central point. The polymer metering rate is adjusted such that the spun test yarn collected on the bobbin has a denier of 180. The yarn properties are compared with prior art yarns in the following table.
C- 14- 5 4- 0~ 9 8 3 C
.,1 o C~-~
rl U,~
o h U o ~ o ~ C~l ~1 ~ C~l ~j Ei ~In a)l .,~ x 0 ~1 ~ O ~o V C~
~ ~d E~
~0 ~1 ,~ o U~ o oo ~ Ln U~
`I
o ~ ~ 1;~ ~ ~
Cl o~ O
U
a U ~ ¢ ~ C~
U
C-14-54-0298 ~ 2~
In Table 1, all items have substantially the same cross-sectional shapes. Item A is a partially oriented yarn spun at 3109 meters per minute, Item B is a spin-draw coupled-process yarn with a drawing speed of about 3100 meters per minute, and Item C is a yarn made by the split process (conventionally spun and wound, followed by a separate drawing operation). The feed yarns of the invention are accordingly readily distinguished rom those o the prior art by the elongation below 62% and by the crystallite dimensions as specified above and in the claims.
The yarns in Table 1 are textured on a Barmag FK6 machine using a conventional friction false twist device (aggregate~ at 350 meters per minute with a primary heater temperature of 200C. and a second heater temperature of 195C. Draw ratios while texturing appropriate to reduce the elongations to 25-30% are applied to the test item and to Item A (draw ratios of 1.097 and 1.57, respectively). For Items B
and C, which already have elongations in this range, the ratio of speed o withdrawal from the texturing zone to that of feed into the texturing zone are selected to give good operating performance and good textured yarn properties. ~arn cxoss-section photomicrographs are prepared with the following results:
C-1~-54-0298 ~ ~ 2~ ~ 2~
Table 2 Item Distortion of Cross-section Test relatively little distortion, no filaments flattened sufficiently to be twice as wide as thick.
A relatively severe distortion of most filaments, 11 of 34 filaments flattened sufficiently to be twice as wide as thick.
B similar to test.
C similar to test.
The yarns are knit into tubes and dyed in the same dyebath with the following results:
Table 3 Comparative Fabric Item Dye Depth Glitter Test deep nil A intermediate occasional B light nil light nil It may be seen therefore that the test yarn (made according to the present invention) dyes deeper than Items A, B or C, and that retention o~ the non-glitter function of the cross section is superior to that of yarns made according to Duncan U.S. 4,041~689. The process of the invention provides somewhat higher productivity ~han that for Item A, and considerably higher productivity than those for Items B and C.
As a further advantage, the non-glitter function in yarns ac~ording to the invention is present over a wider C-14-54-02~8 denier-per-filament range than those disclosed as essential in ~cKay U.S. P~e. 29,363 and Duncan U.S. 4,041,689.
TEST PROCEDURES
The following procedures are used to determine the average crystallite dimensions and volumes of polyester feed yarn fibers.
X-Ray Patterns Wide and small angle X-ray diffraction patterns are obtained using Statton flat film vacuum cameras. Three Kodak*~-Screen Medical X-ray films are used in each film cassette: the front film receives the most intense exposure and reveals weak di~fraction maxima. The second and third films are successively lighter by factors of about 3.8 and 14.4 and show increasing detail in the strong maxima and provide reference intensities for estimation of crystallite dimensions and other structural parameters. 0.5 mm. diameter pinholes are used with Statton yarn holders, providing a 0.5 mm. thick sheath of mutually aligned yarn filaments. The yarn is wound on to the holder with just enough tension to remove most of the visible crimp in the case of textured yarn. A fine focus copper target X-ray tube (1200 watts maximum load, 0.4 X 0.8 mm. spot focus as observed at 6 take-off angle) is used with a nickel beta filter and a take-off angle of 4.5. ~ide angle patterns of the polyester feed yarn fibers are taken with a three inch collimator, 24 minute exposure times, a five centimeter speciman-to-film distance, 40 I~V and 26 25 MA (87.5% of the maximum load) under vacuum. Small angle patterns of the polyester draw-textured yarn fibers are taken with a six inch collimator, a 32 centimeter specimen-to-film distance, the same tube loading, sixteen hour exposure times under vacuum.
* Trademark r:~
I
C-14-54 02g~ ~ 2 ~ ~ 2 ~
Avera~ Crystallite Dimenslons and Volumes - Wide Angle Patterns The diameter between diffraction peak centers ~Z and widths Wz at which the intensity has fallen to approximately 1/3.8 of the maximum value are measured ~or the principal diffraction maxima: 010, 1l0, 100 and 103. The next lighter film, lighter by about 1/3.8 is used for intensity references. A bow divider is used to measure these distances. The divider is adjusted to simultaneously fit the width on the darkest film using the second film as a reference, and the width on the second film using the third film as a reference. Occasionally the intensi-ties are such that only one pair of films are usable for a particular maximum. One estimate of the diameter, ~Z, is made and two estimates of the less precise width, Wz, are made using different but equivalent maxima for each principal maximum. The tendency to overestimate the width of intense maxima and underestimate that of weak maxima is minimized by practicing making the same width fit simultaneously the first film relative to the second and the second film relative to the third, learning to use the reference intensity of the lighter film more critically.
The d-spacing is calculated by Bragg's relation:
d = ~/2 sin ~ (1) where ~ = 1.5418 for CuK~ radiation and the Bragg angle ~ is given by the camera geometry:
tan 2~ = ~Z/2r. ~2) The specimen-to-film distance, r, is 50 mm. The measured diffraction width, Wz , is corrected for instrumental broaden-ing by Warren's method:
w2 = W 2 _ ~2 (3) .
_ 9 _ C-14-54-0298 ~ 2 ~
where ~2 = 0.154 mm2 obtained from the line width of inorganic references. The peak width in degrees 2 is calculated from the camera geometry:
~ 1/3.8 = 2~D ~ 2~C~
where tan 2~D ~ (~Z + W)/2r, ~5) tan 23C - (~Z - W)/2r. (6) The peak width is converted to the average crystallite dimension in the associated crystallographic direction by Scherrer's relation:
D K~/~1/3.8 cos ~, (7) 102.5/~1/3.8 cos 9, (8) in angstroms where K = 1.16 is adopted for the width at 1/3.8 height. The crystallite dimension is also calculated in terms of the number of crystallographic repeats, N = D/d. (9) In this fashion the average lateral crystallite dimensions in angstroms Dolo~ Dllo~ and Dloo are obtained, and likewise the average longitudinal crystallite dimension D103. In addition, the corresponding dimensions in crystallographic repeats are obtained (equation 9):
Nolo, Nllo, Nloo and N103 The average length of the crystallites along the polymer chain direction, ~, is estimated as ~c = cos (c, dlo3) D103 (10) = 0.9403 D103 (11) where (c, dlo3) is the angle between the crystallographic c axis (the polymer chain direction) and the normal to the 103 crystallographic planes. The average cross-sectional area of the crystallites, Ac, is estimated as C~ 5~~029~
Ac = N2/a*b* sin y* (12) = 20.37 N2 (13) where N2 is the average product of the crystallographic repeats in two principal lateral directions; namely, N (NlOON010 + NlOONllO + NOlONllO)/3 (14) a*, b* are the reciprocal unit cell lattice vectors perpen-dicular to the c axis and ~* is the angle between them.
Finally, the average crystallite volume, Vc, is calculated as the product of the length, Qc~ and the cross-sectional area, Ac.
Specifically, Vc = Qc Ac (15) = 19.16 D103 N2 The term "polyester" as used herein refers to polymers of fiber-forming molecular weight composed o~ at least 85% by weight of an ester of a dihydric alcohol and terephthalic acid.
The invention relates to the art of spinning polyester multilobed filaments which are to be -textured. More particu-larly, it relates to such filaments wherein the filamentsi cross sec-tions are deformed less during the texturing operation than multilobed filaments made by known prior art processes.
Multilobed filaments having particular cross-sections to achieve various functions are known in the art. Typical disclosures in various U.S. patents may be found in U.S.
2,939,201 and U.S. 2,939,202 to Holland, U.S. 3,256,607 to Strachan, U.S. 3,~25,893 to Sims, U.S. Re~ 29,363 to McKay, and U.S. 4,041,689 to Duncan et al. When such multilobed filaments are textured, their cross-sections frequently become deformed sufficien-tly to reduce or defeat attainment of the desired function of the cross-section. In the case of poly-ester filaments, these and other difficulties are avoided by the present invention, wherein are provided novel polyester yarns which deform less during texturing and a process for making such novel yarns.
According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided'a process for spinning a multifilament polyester yarn for draw-false-twist texturizing, comprising extruding molten polyester polymer streams through a plurality of non-round spinneret orifices and downwardly into a quench zone wherein the streams are cooled to become filaments, the spinneret orifice shapes and quenching conditions being selected such that the filaments have multilobal cross-sections, withdrawing the filaments from the molten streams C-14-54-0298 ~ Z ~ 2 ~
at a speed selected such that the filaments have an elongation less than 62%, a stress-induced crystalline structure having an average crystallite volume of at least 3 X 105 cubic angstroms, and an average lateral minimum crystallite dimension as determined by X-ray diffraction of more than 50 angstroms, and collecting the filaments in an orderly fashion. According to another aspect of the invention, the orifice shapes and quenching conditions are selected such that the filaments have modification ratios between 1.13 and 1.85.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a multifilament polyester yarn for draw-false-; twist ~exturing comprising multilobal filaments having an elongation less than 62%, a stress-induced crystalline structure having an average crystallite volume of at least 3 X 105 cubic angstroms and an average lateral minimum crystallite dimension as determined by X-ray diffraction of more than 50 angstroms.
According to another aspect of the invention, the filaments have 3 lobes. According to another aspect of the invention, the filaments have from 6 to 10 lobes. According to another aspect of the invention, the ~ilaments have modification ratios between 1.13 and 1.85.
Other aspects of the invention will be disclosed in the following détailed disclosure of the invention. While the following detailed disclosure is direc~ed for exemplary purposes to filaments having cross-sections selected to reduce glitter, in its broader aspects it is generally applicable to the class of multi-lobal filaments.
Example .:
Polyethylene terephthalate polymer of normal molecular weight for apparel yarns is extruded at a melt temperature of ~90C. through 34 spinneret orifices and downwardly through a 1.5 meter quench zone supplied with 20C.
quenching air moving transversely at lS meters per minute. The solidified filaments are withdrawn from the molten streams at a spinning speed of 5500 meters per minute, a conventional spin finish is applied, and the filaments are wound on a bobbin.
Each spinneret orifice consists of eight slots 0.089 mm wide and 0.285 mm long arranged radially about and intersecting at a central point. The polymer metering rate is adjusted such that the spun test yarn collected on the bobbin has a denier of 180. The yarn properties are compared with prior art yarns in the following table.
C- 14- 5 4- 0~ 9 8 3 C
.,1 o C~-~
rl U,~
o h U o ~ o ~ C~l ~1 ~ C~l ~j Ei ~In a)l .,~ x 0 ~1 ~ O ~o V C~
~ ~d E~
~0 ~1 ,~ o U~ o oo ~ Ln U~
`I
o ~ ~ 1;~ ~ ~
Cl o~ O
U
a U ~ ¢ ~ C~
U
C-14-54-0298 ~ 2~
In Table 1, all items have substantially the same cross-sectional shapes. Item A is a partially oriented yarn spun at 3109 meters per minute, Item B is a spin-draw coupled-process yarn with a drawing speed of about 3100 meters per minute, and Item C is a yarn made by the split process (conventionally spun and wound, followed by a separate drawing operation). The feed yarns of the invention are accordingly readily distinguished rom those o the prior art by the elongation below 62% and by the crystallite dimensions as specified above and in the claims.
The yarns in Table 1 are textured on a Barmag FK6 machine using a conventional friction false twist device (aggregate~ at 350 meters per minute with a primary heater temperature of 200C. and a second heater temperature of 195C. Draw ratios while texturing appropriate to reduce the elongations to 25-30% are applied to the test item and to Item A (draw ratios of 1.097 and 1.57, respectively). For Items B
and C, which already have elongations in this range, the ratio of speed o withdrawal from the texturing zone to that of feed into the texturing zone are selected to give good operating performance and good textured yarn properties. ~arn cxoss-section photomicrographs are prepared with the following results:
C-1~-54-0298 ~ ~ 2~ ~ 2~
Table 2 Item Distortion of Cross-section Test relatively little distortion, no filaments flattened sufficiently to be twice as wide as thick.
A relatively severe distortion of most filaments, 11 of 34 filaments flattened sufficiently to be twice as wide as thick.
B similar to test.
C similar to test.
The yarns are knit into tubes and dyed in the same dyebath with the following results:
Table 3 Comparative Fabric Item Dye Depth Glitter Test deep nil A intermediate occasional B light nil light nil It may be seen therefore that the test yarn (made according to the present invention) dyes deeper than Items A, B or C, and that retention o~ the non-glitter function of the cross section is superior to that of yarns made according to Duncan U.S. 4,041~689. The process of the invention provides somewhat higher productivity ~han that for Item A, and considerably higher productivity than those for Items B and C.
As a further advantage, the non-glitter function in yarns ac~ording to the invention is present over a wider C-14-54-02~8 denier-per-filament range than those disclosed as essential in ~cKay U.S. P~e. 29,363 and Duncan U.S. 4,041,689.
TEST PROCEDURES
The following procedures are used to determine the average crystallite dimensions and volumes of polyester feed yarn fibers.
X-Ray Patterns Wide and small angle X-ray diffraction patterns are obtained using Statton flat film vacuum cameras. Three Kodak*~-Screen Medical X-ray films are used in each film cassette: the front film receives the most intense exposure and reveals weak di~fraction maxima. The second and third films are successively lighter by factors of about 3.8 and 14.4 and show increasing detail in the strong maxima and provide reference intensities for estimation of crystallite dimensions and other structural parameters. 0.5 mm. diameter pinholes are used with Statton yarn holders, providing a 0.5 mm. thick sheath of mutually aligned yarn filaments. The yarn is wound on to the holder with just enough tension to remove most of the visible crimp in the case of textured yarn. A fine focus copper target X-ray tube (1200 watts maximum load, 0.4 X 0.8 mm. spot focus as observed at 6 take-off angle) is used with a nickel beta filter and a take-off angle of 4.5. ~ide angle patterns of the polyester feed yarn fibers are taken with a three inch collimator, 24 minute exposure times, a five centimeter speciman-to-film distance, 40 I~V and 26 25 MA (87.5% of the maximum load) under vacuum. Small angle patterns of the polyester draw-textured yarn fibers are taken with a six inch collimator, a 32 centimeter specimen-to-film distance, the same tube loading, sixteen hour exposure times under vacuum.
* Trademark r:~
I
C-14-54 02g~ ~ 2 ~ ~ 2 ~
Avera~ Crystallite Dimenslons and Volumes - Wide Angle Patterns The diameter between diffraction peak centers ~Z and widths Wz at which the intensity has fallen to approximately 1/3.8 of the maximum value are measured ~or the principal diffraction maxima: 010, 1l0, 100 and 103. The next lighter film, lighter by about 1/3.8 is used for intensity references. A bow divider is used to measure these distances. The divider is adjusted to simultaneously fit the width on the darkest film using the second film as a reference, and the width on the second film using the third film as a reference. Occasionally the intensi-ties are such that only one pair of films are usable for a particular maximum. One estimate of the diameter, ~Z, is made and two estimates of the less precise width, Wz, are made using different but equivalent maxima for each principal maximum. The tendency to overestimate the width of intense maxima and underestimate that of weak maxima is minimized by practicing making the same width fit simultaneously the first film relative to the second and the second film relative to the third, learning to use the reference intensity of the lighter film more critically.
The d-spacing is calculated by Bragg's relation:
d = ~/2 sin ~ (1) where ~ = 1.5418 for CuK~ radiation and the Bragg angle ~ is given by the camera geometry:
tan 2~ = ~Z/2r. ~2) The specimen-to-film distance, r, is 50 mm. The measured diffraction width, Wz , is corrected for instrumental broaden-ing by Warren's method:
w2 = W 2 _ ~2 (3) .
_ 9 _ C-14-54-0298 ~ 2 ~
where ~2 = 0.154 mm2 obtained from the line width of inorganic references. The peak width in degrees 2 is calculated from the camera geometry:
~ 1/3.8 = 2~D ~ 2~C~
where tan 2~D ~ (~Z + W)/2r, ~5) tan 23C - (~Z - W)/2r. (6) The peak width is converted to the average crystallite dimension in the associated crystallographic direction by Scherrer's relation:
D K~/~1/3.8 cos ~, (7) 102.5/~1/3.8 cos 9, (8) in angstroms where K = 1.16 is adopted for the width at 1/3.8 height. The crystallite dimension is also calculated in terms of the number of crystallographic repeats, N = D/d. (9) In this fashion the average lateral crystallite dimensions in angstroms Dolo~ Dllo~ and Dloo are obtained, and likewise the average longitudinal crystallite dimension D103. In addition, the corresponding dimensions in crystallographic repeats are obtained (equation 9):
Nolo, Nllo, Nloo and N103 The average length of the crystallites along the polymer chain direction, ~, is estimated as ~c = cos (c, dlo3) D103 (10) = 0.9403 D103 (11) where (c, dlo3) is the angle between the crystallographic c axis (the polymer chain direction) and the normal to the 103 crystallographic planes. The average cross-sectional area of the crystallites, Ac, is estimated as C~ 5~~029~
Ac = N2/a*b* sin y* (12) = 20.37 N2 (13) where N2 is the average product of the crystallographic repeats in two principal lateral directions; namely, N (NlOON010 + NlOONllO + NOlONllO)/3 (14) a*, b* are the reciprocal unit cell lattice vectors perpen-dicular to the c axis and ~* is the angle between them.
Finally, the average crystallite volume, Vc, is calculated as the product of the length, Qc~ and the cross-sectional area, Ac.
Specifically, Vc = Qc Ac (15) = 19.16 D103 N2 The term "polyester" as used herein refers to polymers of fiber-forming molecular weight composed o~ at least 85% by weight of an ester of a dihydric alcohol and terephthalic acid.
Claims (6)
1. A process for spinning a multifilament polyester yarn for draw-false-twist texturizing, characterized by:
a. extruding molten polyester polymer streams through a plurality of non-round spinneret orifices and downwardly into a quench zone wherein said streams are cooled to become filaments, the spinneret orifice shapes and quenching conditions being selected such that said filaments have multilobal cross-sections, and wherein said polyester is a polymer of fiber-forming molecular weight composed of at least 85% by weight of an ester of a dihydric alcohol and terephthalic acid, b. withdrawing said filaments from said molten streams at a speed selected such that said filaments have an elongation less than 62% and a stress-induced crystalline structure having an average crystallite volume of at least 3 X 105 cubic angstroms and an average lateral minimum dimension as determined by X-ray diffraction of more than 50 angstroms, and c. collecting said filaments as a yarn.
a. extruding molten polyester polymer streams through a plurality of non-round spinneret orifices and downwardly into a quench zone wherein said streams are cooled to become filaments, the spinneret orifice shapes and quenching conditions being selected such that said filaments have multilobal cross-sections, and wherein said polyester is a polymer of fiber-forming molecular weight composed of at least 85% by weight of an ester of a dihydric alcohol and terephthalic acid, b. withdrawing said filaments from said molten streams at a speed selected such that said filaments have an elongation less than 62% and a stress-induced crystalline structure having an average crystallite volume of at least 3 X 105 cubic angstroms and an average lateral minimum dimension as determined by X-ray diffraction of more than 50 angstroms, and c. collecting said filaments as a yarn.
2. The process of claim 1, characterized in that said orifice shapes and quenching conditions are selected such that said filaments have modification ratios between 1.13 and 1.85.
3. A multifilament polyester yarn for draw-false-twist texturing characterized by multilobal filaments having an elongation less than 62%, a stress-induced crystalline struc-ture having an average crystallite volume of at least 3 X 105 cubic angstroms and an average lateral minimum dimension as determined by X-ray diffraction of more than 50 angstroms.
4. The yarn of claim 3, characterized in that said filaments have 3 lobes.
5. The yarn of claim 3 characterized in that said filaments have from 6 to 10 lobes.
6. The yarn of claim 5, characterized in that said filaments have modification ratios between 1.13 and 1.85.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US85949477A | 1977-12-12 | 1977-12-12 | |
| US859,494 | 1977-12-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1124021A true CA1124021A (en) | 1982-05-25 |
Family
ID=25331062
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA317,827A Expired CA1124021A (en) | 1977-12-12 | 1978-12-11 | Multilobed feed yarn for texturing |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5488321A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1124021A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2853352A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2411254A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2009666B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1100613B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT1112985B (en) * | 1978-03-31 | 1986-01-20 | Monsanto Co | IMPROVED DYEING FILAMENT SPINNING PROCEDURE |
| DE3115759A1 (en) * | 1981-04-18 | 1982-11-04 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | "METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED PROFILE YARN AND THE YARNS OBTAINED THEREFOR" |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2939201A (en) * | 1959-06-24 | 1960-06-07 | Du Pont | Trilobal textile filament |
| JPS5812372B2 (en) * | 1974-12-27 | 1983-03-08 | 東洋紡績株式会社 | Trilobal polyester |
| GB1524473A (en) * | 1975-05-08 | 1978-09-13 | Teijin Ltd | Process for producing textured polyester multilament yarn |
| JPS5828371B2 (en) * | 1975-10-20 | 1983-06-15 | 帝人株式会社 | Polyester polyester |
| JPS5249324A (en) * | 1975-10-20 | 1977-04-20 | Teijin Ltd | Process for poducing crimped polyester flament yarns |
| JPS51133526A (en) * | 1975-05-13 | 1976-11-19 | Teijin Ltd | Process for manufacturing textured polyester filament yarns |
| US4041689A (en) * | 1975-11-11 | 1977-08-16 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Multilobal polyester yarn |
| US4128989A (en) * | 1977-04-04 | 1978-12-12 | Monsanto Company | Deep-dyeing polyester spinning process |
-
1978
- 1978-12-11 FR FR7834810A patent/FR2411254A1/en active Granted
- 1978-12-11 GB GB7847881A patent/GB2009666B/en not_active Expired
- 1978-12-11 CA CA317,827A patent/CA1124021A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-12-11 IT IT30700/78A patent/IT1100613B/en active
- 1978-12-11 JP JP15214678A patent/JPS5488321A/en active Pending
- 1978-12-11 DE DE19782853352 patent/DE2853352A1/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2411254B1 (en) | 1983-06-17 |
| IT7830700A0 (en) | 1978-12-11 |
| IT1100613B (en) | 1985-09-28 |
| GB2009666A (en) | 1979-06-20 |
| GB2009666B (en) | 1982-03-24 |
| DE2853352A1 (en) | 1979-06-13 |
| FR2411254A1 (en) | 1979-07-06 |
| JPS5488321A (en) | 1979-07-13 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 19990525 |