CA1119622A - Refractory lining for a tundish - Google Patents
Refractory lining for a tundishInfo
- Publication number
- CA1119622A CA1119622A CA000304261A CA304261A CA1119622A CA 1119622 A CA1119622 A CA 1119622A CA 000304261 A CA000304261 A CA 000304261A CA 304261 A CA304261 A CA 304261A CA 1119622 A CA1119622 A CA 1119622A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tundish
- lining
- composition
- refractory
- plates
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/02—Linings
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Abstract
A COMPOSITION FOR THE LINING OF A
CASTING DISTRIBUTOR, A METHOD FOR
LINING SAID DISTRIBUTOR AND A
LINING THUS OBTAINED
Abstract of the Disclosure The composition for lining a tundish is applied directly against the permanent refractory lining and contains refractory particles embedded in a binder, the particles being sinterable in contact with the molten metal which is introduced into the tundish After sintering of the refractory particles, the lining thus obtained can be detached from the tundish simply by turning this latter upside-down. The composi-tion can be employed for all vessels which serve to transfer metal in the liquid state.
CASTING DISTRIBUTOR, A METHOD FOR
LINING SAID DISTRIBUTOR AND A
LINING THUS OBTAINED
Abstract of the Disclosure The composition for lining a tundish is applied directly against the permanent refractory lining and contains refractory particles embedded in a binder, the particles being sinterable in contact with the molten metal which is introduced into the tundish After sintering of the refractory particles, the lining thus obtained can be detached from the tundish simply by turning this latter upside-down. The composi-tion can be employed for all vessels which serve to transfer metal in the liquid state.
Description
Zz This invention relates to a composition for the lining of a h~ndishl said composition being intended to be applied against the permanent refractory lining of said tundish.
The invention is also directed to a method for lining the interior of a tundish and to the lining which is thus obtained.
Compositions consisting of mixtuTes of refractory particles embedded in an organic or inorganic binder are already known. Compositions of this type are employed especially for the fabrication of molds in ~oundry practice. The natuTe of the constituents of these compositions is chosen so as to ensure that the mold has a high degree of dimensional stability and so as to prevent any dange~ o adhesion bet~een the mold and the metal which has solidified within this latter. Such adhesion takes place in particular when the refractory particles of the mold composition are sintered or in other words welded to-gether under the action of heat of the metal.
This sintering process i5 prevented by means of refractory particles having a high melting point such as grains of sand and it is a customary practice to employ either a very small quantity of flux or no flux at all.
FurthermoreJ in order to limit the potential danger of sintering of particles, the particle dimensions are selected from relatively coarse values correspond-2Q ing to fineness indices within the range of 40 to 80 in accordance with the AFS standard.
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Sintering of the particles is also avoided in order -to permit re-use of the composition aEter a simple grinding of the mold residues.
Another known practice involves the use of water-molded refractory cements or clays of the type consistingof a magnesium or chromium magnesium coating compound or having a chamotte base which is spread in a layer of more or less substantial thickness over the surfaces of the vessels employed for transferring liquid metals.
Coating compounds of this type result in the formation of a hard layer which is comparable with cement.
However, these coatings have a poor heat-insulating capacity, with the result that the slag and the metal have a tendency to adhere thereto. Vessels lined with compounds of this type can consequently be cleaned after use only with very great difficulty. In the majority of instances, the cleaning process in fact entails the need for burning-off with a torch and this is a time-consuming and costly operation. Moreover, said coating compounds or clays are mixed with water and consequently call for preheating prior to casting of the metal, thus immobilizing the cast-ing vessels over long periods of time. The operations which consist of cleaning with a torch and preheating consequently set a considerable limitation on the effi-ciency of casting operations.
Another known method consists in covering thepermanent refractory lining of the transfer vessels with prefabricated plates of lightweight insulating refractory ` ~ .
material. This solution already represents an appreciable improvement over the use of the ~oating compounds mentioned above. However, by reason of the fact that the casting vessels generally have dif~erent shapes and sizes, it is found necessary to prefabricate a large series of plates having different shapes and dimensions. This requixement results in relatively high costs, relatively long periods of time devoted to the positioning of plates as well as risks of errors in positioning of these latter. It should further be mentioned that said plates must then be jointed with a refractory cement once they have been placed in position. This refractory cement has the disadvantage of adhering to the permanent refractory lining, thus gi~ing rise to difficul-ties in regard to cleaning of the casting vessel after use.
The aim of the pTesent invention is to provide a composi~ion for lining a tundish, which is very convenient to use, which does not call for any preheating and which considerably facilitates cleaning of the lining of the tundish after use.
Generally, in accordance with the invention, the aforesaid com-position for a tundish lining is characterized in that it contains particles and/or fibers of refractory material embedded in an inorganic and/or organic binder, the nature and effective size chosen for the particles of refractory material being such as to cause said particles to be sintered together as they come into contact with the liquid metal which is introduced into the tundish.
In particular, the present invention provides a composition for a sinterable lining of a tundish to be applied against the permanent refractory lin~
in~ of the said tundish" comprising by weight:
50-90% of particles of a refractory material having an AFS fineness between 100 and 220 and adapted to sinter in contact with the lten metal, .. . .
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0~2-15go of a carbonaceous material,
The invention is also directed to a method for lining the interior of a tundish and to the lining which is thus obtained.
Compositions consisting of mixtuTes of refractory particles embedded in an organic or inorganic binder are already known. Compositions of this type are employed especially for the fabrication of molds in ~oundry practice. The natuTe of the constituents of these compositions is chosen so as to ensure that the mold has a high degree of dimensional stability and so as to prevent any dange~ o adhesion bet~een the mold and the metal which has solidified within this latter. Such adhesion takes place in particular when the refractory particles of the mold composition are sintered or in other words welded to-gether under the action of heat of the metal.
This sintering process i5 prevented by means of refractory particles having a high melting point such as grains of sand and it is a customary practice to employ either a very small quantity of flux or no flux at all.
FurthermoreJ in order to limit the potential danger of sintering of particles, the particle dimensions are selected from relatively coarse values correspond-2Q ing to fineness indices within the range of 40 to 80 in accordance with the AFS standard.
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Sintering of the particles is also avoided in order -to permit re-use of the composition aEter a simple grinding of the mold residues.
Another known practice involves the use of water-molded refractory cements or clays of the type consistingof a magnesium or chromium magnesium coating compound or having a chamotte base which is spread in a layer of more or less substantial thickness over the surfaces of the vessels employed for transferring liquid metals.
Coating compounds of this type result in the formation of a hard layer which is comparable with cement.
However, these coatings have a poor heat-insulating capacity, with the result that the slag and the metal have a tendency to adhere thereto. Vessels lined with compounds of this type can consequently be cleaned after use only with very great difficulty. In the majority of instances, the cleaning process in fact entails the need for burning-off with a torch and this is a time-consuming and costly operation. Moreover, said coating compounds or clays are mixed with water and consequently call for preheating prior to casting of the metal, thus immobilizing the cast-ing vessels over long periods of time. The operations which consist of cleaning with a torch and preheating consequently set a considerable limitation on the effi-ciency of casting operations.
Another known method consists in covering thepermanent refractory lining of the transfer vessels with prefabricated plates of lightweight insulating refractory ` ~ .
material. This solution already represents an appreciable improvement over the use of the ~oating compounds mentioned above. However, by reason of the fact that the casting vessels generally have dif~erent shapes and sizes, it is found necessary to prefabricate a large series of plates having different shapes and dimensions. This requixement results in relatively high costs, relatively long periods of time devoted to the positioning of plates as well as risks of errors in positioning of these latter. It should further be mentioned that said plates must then be jointed with a refractory cement once they have been placed in position. This refractory cement has the disadvantage of adhering to the permanent refractory lining, thus gi~ing rise to difficul-ties in regard to cleaning of the casting vessel after use.
The aim of the pTesent invention is to provide a composi~ion for lining a tundish, which is very convenient to use, which does not call for any preheating and which considerably facilitates cleaning of the lining of the tundish after use.
Generally, in accordance with the invention, the aforesaid com-position for a tundish lining is characterized in that it contains particles and/or fibers of refractory material embedded in an inorganic and/or organic binder, the nature and effective size chosen for the particles of refractory material being such as to cause said particles to be sintered together as they come into contact with the liquid metal which is introduced into the tundish.
In particular, the present invention provides a composition for a sinterable lining of a tundish to be applied against the permanent refractory lin~
in~ of the said tundish" comprising by weight:
50-90% of particles of a refractory material having an AFS fineness between 100 and 220 and adapted to sinter in contact with the lten metal, .. . .
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0~2-15go of a carbonaceous material,
2-18% of a binder selected from the group consisting of synthetic resin, animal, vegetable or synthetic glue, refractory cement, silicate and phosphate binder~ and 0.2-20% of a sintering promoter selected from the group eonsisting of ealcium borate, sodium carbonate, feldspar, blast furnace slag, ferroehromium and glass powder.
Furthermore, the composition may also comprise 10-25% of an oxidizable material selected from the group consisting of aluminum-magnesium, silicon-aluminum alloy and silicon-aluminum-magnesium alloy, and 5-20% of an oxidizer seleeted from the group consisting of FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and MnO2, said partieles of a refraetory material being present in the amount of 50-80~ by weight.
The principal original feature of this composition ::
eonsequently lies in the faet that this latter is sinterable in eontaet with the metal, whieh is not the ease with the eompositions employed up to the present time for the fabrieation of foundry molds.
Surprisingly, it has been found that this sintering proeess endows the lining with outstanding meehanical strength and heat-insulating power and adheres neither to the east metal within the tundish nor to the subjaeent permanent refraetory lining.
On eompletion of the easting operation, the residual sintered lining ean eonsequently be detaehed ~rom the tundish as a single unit simply by turning said tundish upside-down. The .~ J
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problem of cleaning of the permanent lining of the tundish is thus effectively solved.
The present invention thus provides a lining comprising as a coating on the inside walls of a tundish, a composition as defined above, said particles of a refractory material being sintered together so as to ensure cohesion of the lining, said lining being detachable from the walls of the tundish simply by inverting the tundish.
The invention is also directed to a method for lining the interior of a tundish.
In one advantageous embodiment of said method, a com-position in accordance with the invention is directly applied in contact with the permanent refractory lining and said lining is allowed to harden prior to ~` -5a-.~
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introduction of the li~uid metal into the tundish.
The application of the composition in accordance with the invention can be caTried out by means of a trowel, by spraying, tamping, molding or the like.
After hardening o the compo~ition, there is thus obtained a con-tinuous lining uhich sinters in contact with the liquid me~al without adhering to the subjacent refractory lining.
In another embodiment of the method in accordance with the invention, prefabricated heat-insulating plates are first placed against thc lateral walls of the tundish and maintained in position by means of suitable packing elements and a composition in accordance with the invention is applied against the bottom wall of the tundish in oIder to coat the base of said heat-insulating plates with said composition and the lining obtained is allowed to harden prior to intxoduction of the liquid metal into the tundish.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, prefabricated heat-insulating plates having identical dimensions are applied against the lateral walls and the bottom wall of the tundish and the spaces ~ormed between the different plates are filled with a composition in accordance with the inven-tion.
The combined use of identical insulating plates with a composition in accordance with the invention permits an appreciable reduction in the cost of the lining, especially when the tundish has a relatively complex shape.
Preferably, the insulating plates e~ployed are obtained after hardening of a composition which is similar to the composition in accordance with the invention.
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~ xperience has sh~wn in this case that a perect welded joint is formed betw~en the plates and the composition in accordance witll tlle in-vention. This welded joint results from sintering of the refracto~y particles contained in said plates and in said composition. There is thus obtained on completion of the casting operation a continuous lining which can be detached from the tundish walls in a single unit.
Further distinctive features and aldvantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description~ reference being made to the accompanying drawings which are given by way of example without any limit-ation being implied, and in which:
- Figure 1 is a half-sectional plan view of the lateral walls of a continuous-casting tundish placed above two ingot-mOlds and provided with an internal lining obtained from a composition in accordance with the invention, in a first embodiment of the method;
- Figure 2 is a sectional view taken along the plane II-II of Figure l;
^ Pigure 3 is a view which is similar to Figure 1, the tundish being provided with a lining obtained in accordance with a second embodiment of the method acco~ding to the invention;
2a - FiguTe 4 is a sectional view taken along the plane I~-IV of Figure 3;
- Figure 5 is a sectional view taken along the .
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plane V-V of Figure 3;
- Figure 6 is a sectional view talcen along the plane VI-VI of Figure 3;
- Pigure 7 is a vi.ew which is sim:ilar to Figure 1, the tundish being provided with an internal lining obta:Lned in accordance with a third embodiment of the method according to the invention;
- Figure 8 is a sectional view taken along the plane VIII-VIII of FiguTe 7;
- Figure 9 is a sectional view taken a.long the plane IX-IX of Figure 7.
In the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2, the continuous-casting tundish 1 is made up of a central portion 2 having two end extensions 3 and 4 which are inclined at a certain angle with respect to said central portion. Said two end extensions 3 and 4 each have a casting outlet 5 placed above an ingot-mold 6. In comparison with a conventional tundish of rectangular cross-section, the tundish 1 permits of better visibility in the ingot-molds 6.
The tundish 1 comprises an outer casing 7, a peTmanent intermedia~e lining 8 of Tefractory cement or of refracto~y bricks and an internal lining 9 of consu~able heat-insulating material.
In accordance with the invention, the heat-insulating internal lininR 9 is obtained from a composition containing particles and/or fibers of refractory material which are embedded in an inorganic and/o~ organic ;' ` ` ;: :
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binder, the na-ture and effec-tive size of -the particles of refractory material being chosen in such a manner as to weld the particles together by sintering as these latter come into con-tact with the liquid me-tal which is intro-S duced into the casting distributor 1.
Two non-limita-tive e~amples of sinterc~ble compo-sitions for the fabrication of the consumable heat-insulating lining 9 are given hereunder.
10 Oxidizable Aluminum and/or magnesium and/or 10 to silico-aluminum and/or silico-material aluminum magnesium 25 %
Oxidizer FeO and/or Fe203 and/or Fe304 5 to and/or MnO2 20 %
15 sintering prolr~ters such as: .
Derivatives of boron, calcium borate, sodium, boric acid, blast 0.2 to furnace slag, ferrochromium, glass 20 powder, feldspar, etc 20 Carbona- Paper pulp, and/or sawdust, and/or ceous vegetable fibers, and/or vegetable 0.2 to material ashes, and/or synthetic fibers and 15 some other carbonaceous compound such as : graphite, coke, anthracite, etc 25 Refract- Silica and/or alumina and/or magnesia ory charge and their compounds, 50 to the refractory aluminous and silico- 80 aluminous products such as bauxite, and/or dolomite and/or rice ashes and/
or silicon carbide~
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sinder Liquid and/or solid binders.
Syn-the-tic resin with catalyst and hardening agen-t such as polyisocyana-te and/or hardening eatalyst such as a mixture of silieate and aluminate of alkaline-earth metals or basic salts and solvents such as :
tarolene, linseed oil, anthracene oil, 2 to or furfuryl aleohol, and/or animal 18 glue and/or vegetable glue and/or synthetic glue or refractory eement and/or mineral adhesives sueh as silieates or phosphate binders.
The effective size of the refractory particles of this eomposition is preferably within the range of the fineness indices 100 to 220 in accordance with the AFS
standard.
By reason of the presence both of oxidizable materials and of oxidizers, this eomposition has the property of being exothermic.
Carbonaeeous Paper pulp and/or sawdust and/or material vegetable fibers and/or vegetable 0.2 to ashes and/or synthetie fibers 15 %
and some other earbonaeeous eompound sueh as : graphite, coke, anthraeite Refraetory Siliea and/or alumina and/or magnesia eharge and their eompounds, the refraetory aluminous and silieo- 60 to aluminous produets sueh as bauxite, 90 %
and/or dolomite and/or riee ashes and/or silieon earbide ., . " . - -- . , ~ ., . , - ~
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Binders Liquid and/or solid binders : synthetic resins + catalyst -~ hardening agent such as polyisocyana-te and/or hardening catalys-t such as a mi~ture of silicate and aluminate of alkaline-earth metals 2 to or of basic salts and solvents such as : 18 %
tarolene, linseed oil, anthracene oil, or furfuryl alcohol,and/or animal ~lue and/or vegetable g]ue and/or synthetic glue and/or mineral glue such as silicate or phosphate binder Flux sintering promot~rs sucl~ ~s :
derivatives of boron, calci.um borate, sodium, boric acidr blast furnace slag, 0.2 ferrochromium, glass powder, feldspar, to 20 etc The effective size of the refrac-tory particles is preferably within the range of the fineness indices 100 to 220 in accordance with the AFS standard.
One e~ample of particle-size analysis of the refractory charge which satisfies the fineness indices aforesaid is given hereinafter :
Retained on a test sieve having a mesh size of 0.210mm: 1 - " " " " " " "" 0.177mm: 1 " " " " " " "" 0.149mm: 1 " " " " " " ", " 0.125mm: ~ %
" " " " " " " " 0.083mm: 10~
'~ ". " " " " " " 0.075mm: 13%
" " " " " " " " 0.053mm: 21%
30 Particles of higher fineness : 47%
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In the two compositions mentioned above, -the composition of the binder can be given by way of example as follows :
Binder furane resin, phenolic resin 3 to 12 % (with (of the Resol and/or Novolak respect to the type) or polyvinyl ace-tate total weight of the composition) Catalysts cobalt salt in relatively heavy organic solvents such as 2 to 6 %
paraffin or turpen-tine Hardening phosphoric acid or sulphonic agents parato:luene 0.1 to 5 %
Two detailed examples of preferred compositions are given hereunder :
EXAMPLE 3 (exothermic composition) aluminum yranules 10 %
iron oxide (Fe203) 5 %
sodium carbonate 5 %
coke dust 10 %
20 quartz sand (IF150) 64 %
phenol-formol resin 6 %
EXAMPLE_4 ~inert composition) sawdust 10 %
quartz sand (IF150) 82 %
25 phenol-formol resin 5 %
fluorspar 3 %
The compositions in accordance with Examples 1 and 2 given above are advantageously prepared in two separate packages, one package being intended to contain a pre-.': .. . : : :
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mixture of ~he binder with the other constituents whils-t the other package contains a premixture of -the constitu-ents as formed with the hardening agen-t alone. This accordingly prevents any possible reaction between the constituents of the compositions prior to use.
AEter mixing the different constituen-ts and compositions in accordance with Examples 1 or 2, there is obtained an oily material of clay consistency which ean be readily laid and hardens on exposure to the surrounding air.
The mean setting time of the compositions in aeeordanee with Examples 1 or 2 is of the order of 30 minutes.
The bending strength of a rod having a length of 17 cm and a diameter of 1.5 em obtained after hardening or the eomposition is within the range of 40 to 53 kg/em2.
In order to Eorm the heat-insula-ting lining 9, it is only neeessary to apply the mixture of the different eonstituents of the eomposition directly against the permanent refractory lining 8. This application can be per-formed by means of a trowel, by spraying, by tamping or the like. `
It can be advantageous in some cases to mold the lining 9 against the permanent lining 8 by means of a mold. The introduction of the composi-tion into a mold of this type ean be carried out by blowing or by suction.
The thickness of the heat-insulating lining 9 ean vary over a wide range sueh as, for example, between 1 and , .
-: ' - ~: , ;22 20 cm and preferably betl~een 1.5 and 6 cm~ depending Oll the dimensions of the casting tundish.
After hardening of the composition, the heat-insulating lining 9 has a density within the range of approximately 1 to l.S. Experience has shown that this heat-insulating lining 9 can readily withstand the pressure exerted by the molten metal. As they come into contact with this latter, the organic constituents of the heat-insulating lining 9 undergo decom-position but do not result in destruction of the lining by virtue of the sintering of the refractory particles. This sintering process occurs between temperatures within the range of 800C to 1450C, depending on the nature of the refractory particles and of the fluxes employed.
It is also noted that, on completion of the casting operation, the sintered residual heat-insulating linlng 9 is detached from the permanent lining 8 in a single unit simply after turnîng the tundish 1 upside-down, thus removing all the impurities which may have settled on the bottom of the tundish. The subjacent permanent lining ~ is thus free of any impurity and is ready to receive directly a fresh insulating lining 9 for a ~urther casting operation. The successive casting operations can accordingly take place with minimum idle periods between operations.
The fact that the lining does not adhere to the subjacent re-fractory lining can be explained as follows: the duration of con~act between the liquid metal and the '~3 : `
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lining in accordance with -the invention is limited -to appro~imately two hours and thirty minu-tes. ~nder these conditions and by virtue of the heat insulation provided by the lining in accordance with the invention, -the inter-face between refractory lininc~ and lining in accordancewith the invention is maintained at a temperature below the temperature of sintering of the inorganic particles contained in the lining in accordance with the invention.
Adhesion of the two coatings as a result of sintering is thus prevented.
In order to prevent said sintering process, the thickness of the lining in accordance with the invention must usually be greater than 30 mm.
Moreover, the temperature of the interface afore-said is nevertheless sufficient to suppress as a result ofthermal decomposition any possible adhesion between the organic constituents of the lining in accordance with the invention and the permanent refractory lining.
In the embodiment shown in Figs. 3 to 6, the inner hea-t-insulating lining of the continuous-casting tundish 1 comprises prefabricated plates 10 placed against the inner lateral face 8a of the permanent re-fractory lining 8. The plates 10 are fabricated from a refractory insulating material which is preferably obtained by hardening of a composition in accordance with the invention.
The base lOa of the plates 10 (as shown in Figs.
4 and 6) is embedded in a lining 11 which covers the bottom wall of the t~mdish. Said lining 11 is obtained by direct applicationof a composition in accordance with the inv~ention.
It is further appa~ent that the plates 10 are maintained applied against the pexmanent lining 8 by means of packing elements 10b and lOc placed respectively at the t~o corners of each end portion 3 and 4 and at the angles which form a junction between said two end portions and the centTal portion 2 of the tundish.
Said packing elements lOb and 10c can be constituted by rigid prefabricated elements of material which is identical with the material used for the plates. However, said packing elements ran be replaced by a filling produced by direct application of a composition in accordance with the invention in the unhardened state.
It is further apparent from Figures 3 and 4 that the bottom wall of the tundish is provided substantially at the mid-point of the central portion 2 with a plate 12 of refractory material which is capable of affording resistance to the orce of impact of the jet of metal which is pou~ed into the tundish. Said plate 12 is embedded in the lining 11.
Othe~ plates 13 of this type are also placed against the lateral wall 8a of the tundish in order to protect the permanent lining 8 against splashing 2Q caused by the jet of molten metal.
It can also be seen that pTOYiSion is made on each side of said impact plates 12 and 13 for barrier plates 14 and lS which are maintained in position by insertion of the lining 11 and/o~ in the plates 10 of -16~
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insulating material. The barrier plates 14 and 15 can be formed o re-fractory material or by a metallic grid embedded in a composition in accordance with the invention. Said barrier plates 14 and 15 constitute a casting impact container and perform the function of filter for re~aining impurities such as scoria and alumina contained in the lten metal.
In order to fabricate the internal heat-insulating lining of the tundish shown in Figure 3, the operation is performed as follows:
The heat~insulating plates 10 and the packing elements lOb and lOc are first placed against the lateral walls 8a of the tundish, whereupon the impact plates 12, 13 and the barrier plates 14 and 15 are placed in positionO
A composition in accordance with the invention is then applied against the bottom wall of the tundish.
After hardening of the lining 11 thu~ obtained, the complete assembly of plates 10, of packing elements lOb and lOc and of plates 12 to 15 is perfectly maintained in position within the tundish without making use of any fastening means such as nails, adhesive, cement, or p~ops.
The refracto~y particles of the lining 11 which come into contact with the liquid metal are sintered togethe~ as in the case of the lining 9 of the tundish shown in Fi~ure 1. Since the plates 10 and the packing elements lOb and lOc are fabricated frDm material which z is identical or very similar to that of the lining 11, said material also sinters in contact with the molten metal. l'his sintering process produces a remarkable result in that the lining 11 is weldPd to the plates 10 and to the packing elements lOb and lOc as well as to the baIrier plates 14 and 15 if these latter are fabricated from sinterable material which is si~ilar ~o that of the lining 11.
The lining 11 thus forms with the plates 10 a continuous and coherent coating which has the same properties as the lining 9 of the tundish shown in Figure 1. In particular, the heat-insulating lining thus formed is detachable from the subjacent permanent refractory lining 8 as a result of simple inversion of the tundish.
In the e~bodiment shown in Figures 7 to 9, the internal heat-insulating lining of the tundish comprises a set of prefabricated plates 16 having identical dimensions and obtained from a composition in accordance with the invention. The spaces formed between the different plates 16 are filled with a packing 17 formed by means of a composition in accordance with the invention.
The use o plates 16 having identical dimensions as mentioned above considerably facilitates the fabIication of the heat-insulating lining of the tundish, especially in the case of a tundish which has a complex shape of the type illustrated in thP drawings. This is made possible by the composition in accordance , i22 with the invention since the relatively large spaces between the different identical plates 16 can be readily filled-in. This solution consequently achieves a con-siderable economy of -time and labor in comparison wi-th the known solution which consis-ts in assembling to~ether a large number of pla-tes having differen-t shapes and dimen-sions. The invention also dispenses with the need to employ a refractory cement for jointing said plates.
Moreover, in order to compensate for surface irregularities of the permanent refractory lining 8, there can be applied on this latter a thin layer of the composi-tion in accordance with the invention or a layer of re-fractory material in powdered form as indicated at 18 in Fig. 8. It is also possible to cover the top edge 19 of the tundish with a composition in accordance with the invention which adheres to the adjacent edge of the plates 16 as shown at 20 in Fig. 8.
It also proves advantageous to cover the refract-ory brick 21 (as shown in Fig. 9) in which is formed the casting outlet 5, with a layer 22 obtained by application of a composition in accordance with the invention. Said layer 22 thus serves to achieve continuity with the adjacent packing 17. In addition, said la~er 22 serves to guard against abrasion of the refractory brick 21 as a result of casting of the metal and to remove any potential danger of solidification of the metal at the level of said casting orifice 5.
As will be readily understood, the invention is .
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not limited to the examples described in the foregoing and many modifications can accordingly be contemplated without thereby departing from the scope or the spirit of the invention.
~ lus the composition in accordance with the invention can be employed f~r lining a tundish and like vessels of any shape for transferring liquid metals.
It will also be Teadily appa~ent that the invention is not limited to the examples of compositions hereinbefore described since the nature and composition of the constituents can vary ovler a wide range. The essential requirement to be met is that the composition in accordance with the invention can be applied directly against the walls of the tundish and that sinteTing is achieved under the conditions of temperature of the molten metal which is intToduced into the casting vessel.
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Furthermore, the composition may also comprise 10-25% of an oxidizable material selected from the group consisting of aluminum-magnesium, silicon-aluminum alloy and silicon-aluminum-magnesium alloy, and 5-20% of an oxidizer seleeted from the group consisting of FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and MnO2, said partieles of a refraetory material being present in the amount of 50-80~ by weight.
The principal original feature of this composition ::
eonsequently lies in the faet that this latter is sinterable in eontaet with the metal, whieh is not the ease with the eompositions employed up to the present time for the fabrieation of foundry molds.
Surprisingly, it has been found that this sintering proeess endows the lining with outstanding meehanical strength and heat-insulating power and adheres neither to the east metal within the tundish nor to the subjaeent permanent refraetory lining.
On eompletion of the easting operation, the residual sintered lining ean eonsequently be detaehed ~rom the tundish as a single unit simply by turning said tundish upside-down. The .~ J
.
: .
,. . , - - - ~ :
problem of cleaning of the permanent lining of the tundish is thus effectively solved.
The present invention thus provides a lining comprising as a coating on the inside walls of a tundish, a composition as defined above, said particles of a refractory material being sintered together so as to ensure cohesion of the lining, said lining being detachable from the walls of the tundish simply by inverting the tundish.
The invention is also directed to a method for lining the interior of a tundish.
In one advantageous embodiment of said method, a com-position in accordance with the invention is directly applied in contact with the permanent refractory lining and said lining is allowed to harden prior to ~` -5a-.~
:
.
: .
introduction of the li~uid metal into the tundish.
The application of the composition in accordance with the invention can be caTried out by means of a trowel, by spraying, tamping, molding or the like.
After hardening o the compo~ition, there is thus obtained a con-tinuous lining uhich sinters in contact with the liquid me~al without adhering to the subjacent refractory lining.
In another embodiment of the method in accordance with the invention, prefabricated heat-insulating plates are first placed against thc lateral walls of the tundish and maintained in position by means of suitable packing elements and a composition in accordance with the invention is applied against the bottom wall of the tundish in oIder to coat the base of said heat-insulating plates with said composition and the lining obtained is allowed to harden prior to intxoduction of the liquid metal into the tundish.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, prefabricated heat-insulating plates having identical dimensions are applied against the lateral walls and the bottom wall of the tundish and the spaces ~ormed between the different plates are filled with a composition in accordance with the inven-tion.
The combined use of identical insulating plates with a composition in accordance with the invention permits an appreciable reduction in the cost of the lining, especially when the tundish has a relatively complex shape.
Preferably, the insulating plates e~ployed are obtained after hardening of a composition which is similar to the composition in accordance with the invention.
,:: . .
' ~
~ xperience has sh~wn in this case that a perect welded joint is formed betw~en the plates and the composition in accordance witll tlle in-vention. This welded joint results from sintering of the refracto~y particles contained in said plates and in said composition. There is thus obtained on completion of the casting operation a continuous lining which can be detached from the tundish walls in a single unit.
Further distinctive features and aldvantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description~ reference being made to the accompanying drawings which are given by way of example without any limit-ation being implied, and in which:
- Figure 1 is a half-sectional plan view of the lateral walls of a continuous-casting tundish placed above two ingot-mOlds and provided with an internal lining obtained from a composition in accordance with the invention, in a first embodiment of the method;
- Figure 2 is a sectional view taken along the plane II-II of Figure l;
^ Pigure 3 is a view which is similar to Figure 1, the tundish being provided with a lining obtained in accordance with a second embodiment of the method acco~ding to the invention;
2a - FiguTe 4 is a sectional view taken along the plane I~-IV of Figure 3;
- Figure 5 is a sectional view taken along the .
~ ' ~
2~
plane V-V of Figure 3;
- Figure 6 is a sectional view talcen along the plane VI-VI of Figure 3;
- Pigure 7 is a vi.ew which is sim:ilar to Figure 1, the tundish being provided with an internal lining obta:Lned in accordance with a third embodiment of the method according to the invention;
- Figure 8 is a sectional view taken along the plane VIII-VIII of FiguTe 7;
- Figure 9 is a sectional view taken a.long the plane IX-IX of Figure 7.
In the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2, the continuous-casting tundish 1 is made up of a central portion 2 having two end extensions 3 and 4 which are inclined at a certain angle with respect to said central portion. Said two end extensions 3 and 4 each have a casting outlet 5 placed above an ingot-mold 6. In comparison with a conventional tundish of rectangular cross-section, the tundish 1 permits of better visibility in the ingot-molds 6.
The tundish 1 comprises an outer casing 7, a peTmanent intermedia~e lining 8 of Tefractory cement or of refracto~y bricks and an internal lining 9 of consu~able heat-insulating material.
In accordance with the invention, the heat-insulating internal lininR 9 is obtained from a composition containing particles and/or fibers of refractory material which are embedded in an inorganic and/o~ organic ;' ` ` ;: :
.
.. :
;2'~
binder, the na-ture and effec-tive size of -the particles of refractory material being chosen in such a manner as to weld the particles together by sintering as these latter come into con-tact with the liquid me-tal which is intro-S duced into the casting distributor 1.
Two non-limita-tive e~amples of sinterc~ble compo-sitions for the fabrication of the consumable heat-insulating lining 9 are given hereunder.
10 Oxidizable Aluminum and/or magnesium and/or 10 to silico-aluminum and/or silico-material aluminum magnesium 25 %
Oxidizer FeO and/or Fe203 and/or Fe304 5 to and/or MnO2 20 %
15 sintering prolr~ters such as: .
Derivatives of boron, calcium borate, sodium, boric acid, blast 0.2 to furnace slag, ferrochromium, glass 20 powder, feldspar, etc 20 Carbona- Paper pulp, and/or sawdust, and/or ceous vegetable fibers, and/or vegetable 0.2 to material ashes, and/or synthetic fibers and 15 some other carbonaceous compound such as : graphite, coke, anthracite, etc 25 Refract- Silica and/or alumina and/or magnesia ory charge and their compounds, 50 to the refractory aluminous and silico- 80 aluminous products such as bauxite, and/or dolomite and/or rice ashes and/
or silicon carbide~
_g_ ,:
:
. .
' :~.' ''- '' . ' ' ' '': . ' ~' , - . ' . . : - . :
sinder Liquid and/or solid binders.
Syn-the-tic resin with catalyst and hardening agen-t such as polyisocyana-te and/or hardening eatalyst such as a mixture of silieate and aluminate of alkaline-earth metals or basic salts and solvents such as :
tarolene, linseed oil, anthracene oil, 2 to or furfuryl aleohol, and/or animal 18 glue and/or vegetable glue and/or synthetic glue or refractory eement and/or mineral adhesives sueh as silieates or phosphate binders.
The effective size of the refractory particles of this eomposition is preferably within the range of the fineness indices 100 to 220 in accordance with the AFS
standard.
By reason of the presence both of oxidizable materials and of oxidizers, this eomposition has the property of being exothermic.
Carbonaeeous Paper pulp and/or sawdust and/or material vegetable fibers and/or vegetable 0.2 to ashes and/or synthetie fibers 15 %
and some other earbonaeeous eompound sueh as : graphite, coke, anthraeite Refraetory Siliea and/or alumina and/or magnesia eharge and their eompounds, the refraetory aluminous and silieo- 60 to aluminous produets sueh as bauxite, 90 %
and/or dolomite and/or riee ashes and/or silieon earbide ., . " . - -- . , ~ ., . , - ~
i2~
Binders Liquid and/or solid binders : synthetic resins + catalyst -~ hardening agent such as polyisocyana-te and/or hardening catalys-t such as a mi~ture of silicate and aluminate of alkaline-earth metals 2 to or of basic salts and solvents such as : 18 %
tarolene, linseed oil, anthracene oil, or furfuryl alcohol,and/or animal ~lue and/or vegetable g]ue and/or synthetic glue and/or mineral glue such as silicate or phosphate binder Flux sintering promot~rs sucl~ ~s :
derivatives of boron, calci.um borate, sodium, boric acidr blast furnace slag, 0.2 ferrochromium, glass powder, feldspar, to 20 etc The effective size of the refrac-tory particles is preferably within the range of the fineness indices 100 to 220 in accordance with the AFS standard.
One e~ample of particle-size analysis of the refractory charge which satisfies the fineness indices aforesaid is given hereinafter :
Retained on a test sieve having a mesh size of 0.210mm: 1 - " " " " " " "" 0.177mm: 1 " " " " " " "" 0.149mm: 1 " " " " " " ", " 0.125mm: ~ %
" " " " " " " " 0.083mm: 10~
'~ ". " " " " " " 0.075mm: 13%
" " " " " " " " 0.053mm: 21%
30 Particles of higher fineness : 47%
, .
~- -'. - ~ ' ' -62~
In the two compositions mentioned above, -the composition of the binder can be given by way of example as follows :
Binder furane resin, phenolic resin 3 to 12 % (with (of the Resol and/or Novolak respect to the type) or polyvinyl ace-tate total weight of the composition) Catalysts cobalt salt in relatively heavy organic solvents such as 2 to 6 %
paraffin or turpen-tine Hardening phosphoric acid or sulphonic agents parato:luene 0.1 to 5 %
Two detailed examples of preferred compositions are given hereunder :
EXAMPLE 3 (exothermic composition) aluminum yranules 10 %
iron oxide (Fe203) 5 %
sodium carbonate 5 %
coke dust 10 %
20 quartz sand (IF150) 64 %
phenol-formol resin 6 %
EXAMPLE_4 ~inert composition) sawdust 10 %
quartz sand (IF150) 82 %
25 phenol-formol resin 5 %
fluorspar 3 %
The compositions in accordance with Examples 1 and 2 given above are advantageously prepared in two separate packages, one package being intended to contain a pre-.': .. . : : :
' '' ' :
. . ~. : ,, :
- - . , . . : ~ .
- .
62'~
mixture of ~he binder with the other constituents whils-t the other package contains a premixture of -the constitu-ents as formed with the hardening agen-t alone. This accordingly prevents any possible reaction between the constituents of the compositions prior to use.
AEter mixing the different constituen-ts and compositions in accordance with Examples 1 or 2, there is obtained an oily material of clay consistency which ean be readily laid and hardens on exposure to the surrounding air.
The mean setting time of the compositions in aeeordanee with Examples 1 or 2 is of the order of 30 minutes.
The bending strength of a rod having a length of 17 cm and a diameter of 1.5 em obtained after hardening or the eomposition is within the range of 40 to 53 kg/em2.
In order to Eorm the heat-insula-ting lining 9, it is only neeessary to apply the mixture of the different eonstituents of the eomposition directly against the permanent refractory lining 8. This application can be per-formed by means of a trowel, by spraying, by tamping or the like. `
It can be advantageous in some cases to mold the lining 9 against the permanent lining 8 by means of a mold. The introduction of the composi-tion into a mold of this type ean be carried out by blowing or by suction.
The thickness of the heat-insulating lining 9 ean vary over a wide range sueh as, for example, between 1 and , .
-: ' - ~: , ;22 20 cm and preferably betl~een 1.5 and 6 cm~ depending Oll the dimensions of the casting tundish.
After hardening of the composition, the heat-insulating lining 9 has a density within the range of approximately 1 to l.S. Experience has shown that this heat-insulating lining 9 can readily withstand the pressure exerted by the molten metal. As they come into contact with this latter, the organic constituents of the heat-insulating lining 9 undergo decom-position but do not result in destruction of the lining by virtue of the sintering of the refractory particles. This sintering process occurs between temperatures within the range of 800C to 1450C, depending on the nature of the refractory particles and of the fluxes employed.
It is also noted that, on completion of the casting operation, the sintered residual heat-insulating linlng 9 is detached from the permanent lining 8 in a single unit simply after turnîng the tundish 1 upside-down, thus removing all the impurities which may have settled on the bottom of the tundish. The subjacent permanent lining ~ is thus free of any impurity and is ready to receive directly a fresh insulating lining 9 for a ~urther casting operation. The successive casting operations can accordingly take place with minimum idle periods between operations.
The fact that the lining does not adhere to the subjacent re-fractory lining can be explained as follows: the duration of con~act between the liquid metal and the '~3 : `
:
;:
:
t;2~
lining in accordance with -the invention is limited -to appro~imately two hours and thirty minu-tes. ~nder these conditions and by virtue of the heat insulation provided by the lining in accordance with the invention, -the inter-face between refractory lininc~ and lining in accordancewith the invention is maintained at a temperature below the temperature of sintering of the inorganic particles contained in the lining in accordance with the invention.
Adhesion of the two coatings as a result of sintering is thus prevented.
In order to prevent said sintering process, the thickness of the lining in accordance with the invention must usually be greater than 30 mm.
Moreover, the temperature of the interface afore-said is nevertheless sufficient to suppress as a result ofthermal decomposition any possible adhesion between the organic constituents of the lining in accordance with the invention and the permanent refractory lining.
In the embodiment shown in Figs. 3 to 6, the inner hea-t-insulating lining of the continuous-casting tundish 1 comprises prefabricated plates 10 placed against the inner lateral face 8a of the permanent re-fractory lining 8. The plates 10 are fabricated from a refractory insulating material which is preferably obtained by hardening of a composition in accordance with the invention.
The base lOa of the plates 10 (as shown in Figs.
4 and 6) is embedded in a lining 11 which covers the bottom wall of the t~mdish. Said lining 11 is obtained by direct applicationof a composition in accordance with the inv~ention.
It is further appa~ent that the plates 10 are maintained applied against the pexmanent lining 8 by means of packing elements 10b and lOc placed respectively at the t~o corners of each end portion 3 and 4 and at the angles which form a junction between said two end portions and the centTal portion 2 of the tundish.
Said packing elements lOb and 10c can be constituted by rigid prefabricated elements of material which is identical with the material used for the plates. However, said packing elements ran be replaced by a filling produced by direct application of a composition in accordance with the invention in the unhardened state.
It is further apparent from Figures 3 and 4 that the bottom wall of the tundish is provided substantially at the mid-point of the central portion 2 with a plate 12 of refractory material which is capable of affording resistance to the orce of impact of the jet of metal which is pou~ed into the tundish. Said plate 12 is embedded in the lining 11.
Othe~ plates 13 of this type are also placed against the lateral wall 8a of the tundish in order to protect the permanent lining 8 against splashing 2Q caused by the jet of molten metal.
It can also be seen that pTOYiSion is made on each side of said impact plates 12 and 13 for barrier plates 14 and lS which are maintained in position by insertion of the lining 11 and/o~ in the plates 10 of -16~
~ :
insulating material. The barrier plates 14 and 15 can be formed o re-fractory material or by a metallic grid embedded in a composition in accordance with the invention. Said barrier plates 14 and 15 constitute a casting impact container and perform the function of filter for re~aining impurities such as scoria and alumina contained in the lten metal.
In order to fabricate the internal heat-insulating lining of the tundish shown in Figure 3, the operation is performed as follows:
The heat~insulating plates 10 and the packing elements lOb and lOc are first placed against the lateral walls 8a of the tundish, whereupon the impact plates 12, 13 and the barrier plates 14 and 15 are placed in positionO
A composition in accordance with the invention is then applied against the bottom wall of the tundish.
After hardening of the lining 11 thu~ obtained, the complete assembly of plates 10, of packing elements lOb and lOc and of plates 12 to 15 is perfectly maintained in position within the tundish without making use of any fastening means such as nails, adhesive, cement, or p~ops.
The refracto~y particles of the lining 11 which come into contact with the liquid metal are sintered togethe~ as in the case of the lining 9 of the tundish shown in Fi~ure 1. Since the plates 10 and the packing elements lOb and lOc are fabricated frDm material which z is identical or very similar to that of the lining 11, said material also sinters in contact with the molten metal. l'his sintering process produces a remarkable result in that the lining 11 is weldPd to the plates 10 and to the packing elements lOb and lOc as well as to the baIrier plates 14 and 15 if these latter are fabricated from sinterable material which is si~ilar ~o that of the lining 11.
The lining 11 thus forms with the plates 10 a continuous and coherent coating which has the same properties as the lining 9 of the tundish shown in Figure 1. In particular, the heat-insulating lining thus formed is detachable from the subjacent permanent refractory lining 8 as a result of simple inversion of the tundish.
In the e~bodiment shown in Figures 7 to 9, the internal heat-insulating lining of the tundish comprises a set of prefabricated plates 16 having identical dimensions and obtained from a composition in accordance with the invention. The spaces formed between the different plates 16 are filled with a packing 17 formed by means of a composition in accordance with the invention.
The use o plates 16 having identical dimensions as mentioned above considerably facilitates the fabIication of the heat-insulating lining of the tundish, especially in the case of a tundish which has a complex shape of the type illustrated in thP drawings. This is made possible by the composition in accordance , i22 with the invention since the relatively large spaces between the different identical plates 16 can be readily filled-in. This solution consequently achieves a con-siderable economy of -time and labor in comparison wi-th the known solution which consis-ts in assembling to~ether a large number of pla-tes having differen-t shapes and dimen-sions. The invention also dispenses with the need to employ a refractory cement for jointing said plates.
Moreover, in order to compensate for surface irregularities of the permanent refractory lining 8, there can be applied on this latter a thin layer of the composi-tion in accordance with the invention or a layer of re-fractory material in powdered form as indicated at 18 in Fig. 8. It is also possible to cover the top edge 19 of the tundish with a composition in accordance with the invention which adheres to the adjacent edge of the plates 16 as shown at 20 in Fig. 8.
It also proves advantageous to cover the refract-ory brick 21 (as shown in Fig. 9) in which is formed the casting outlet 5, with a layer 22 obtained by application of a composition in accordance with the invention. Said layer 22 thus serves to achieve continuity with the adjacent packing 17. In addition, said la~er 22 serves to guard against abrasion of the refractory brick 21 as a result of casting of the metal and to remove any potential danger of solidification of the metal at the level of said casting orifice 5.
As will be readily understood, the invention is .
.
:
-: .
- , .. . ~ . ~ , -. .
: . , z~
not limited to the examples described in the foregoing and many modifications can accordingly be contemplated without thereby departing from the scope or the spirit of the invention.
~ lus the composition in accordance with the invention can be employed f~r lining a tundish and like vessels of any shape for transferring liquid metals.
It will also be Teadily appa~ent that the invention is not limited to the examples of compositions hereinbefore described since the nature and composition of the constituents can vary ovler a wide range. The essential requirement to be met is that the composition in accordance with the invention can be applied directly against the walls of the tundish and that sinteTing is achieved under the conditions of temperature of the molten metal which is intToduced into the casting vessel.
' . ~ .
Claims (13)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A composition for a sinterable lining of a tundish to be applied against the permanent refractory lining of the said tundish, comprising by weight:
50-90% of particles of a refractory material having an AFS fineness between 100 and 220 and adapted to sinter in contact with the molten metal, 0.2-15% of a carbonaceous material, 2-18% of a binder selected from the group consisting of synthetic resin, animal, vegetable or synthetic glue, refractory cement, silicate and phosphate binder, and 0.2-20% of a sintering promoter selected from the group consisting of calcium borate, sodium carbonate, feldspar, blast furnace slag, ferrochromium and glass powder.
50-90% of particles of a refractory material having an AFS fineness between 100 and 220 and adapted to sinter in contact with the molten metal, 0.2-15% of a carbonaceous material, 2-18% of a binder selected from the group consisting of synthetic resin, animal, vegetable or synthetic glue, refractory cement, silicate and phosphate binder, and 0.2-20% of a sintering promoter selected from the group consisting of calcium borate, sodium carbonate, feldspar, blast furnace slag, ferrochromium and glass powder.
2. A composition as claimed in claim 1, comprising also by weight:
10-25% of an oxidizable material selected from the group consisting of aluminum-magnesium, silicon-aluminum alloy and silicon-aluminum-magnesium alloy, and 5-20% of an oxidizer selected from the group consisting of FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and MnO2, said particles of a refractory material being present in the amount of 50-80% by weight.
10-25% of an oxidizable material selected from the group consisting of aluminum-magnesium, silicon-aluminum alloy and silicon-aluminum-magnesium alloy, and 5-20% of an oxidizer selected from the group consisting of FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and MnO2, said particles of a refractory material being present in the amount of 50-80% by weight.
3. A composition as claimed in claim 1, in which said binder is a hardenable synthetic resin and a hardening agent for said synthetic resin, the composition being disposed in two separate packages one of which contains said synthetic resin and the other of which contains said hardening agent.
4. A lining comprising as a coating on the inside walls of a tundish, a composition as claimed in claim 1, said particles of a refractory material being sintered together so as to ensure cohesion of the lining, said lining being detachable from the walls of the tundish simply by inverting the tundish.
5. A lining comprising as a coating on the inside walls of a tundish, a composition as claimed in claim 2, said particles of a refractory material being sintered together so as to ensure cohesion of the lining, said lining being detachable from the walls of the tundish simply by inverting the tundish.
6. A method for lining the interior of a tundish, wherein a composition as defined in claim 1 is applied directly in contact with the permanent refractory lining and allowed to harden prior to introduction of molten metal into the tundish.
7. A method for lining the interior of a tundish in which prefabricated heat-insulating plates are applied against the lateral walls of said tundish and maintained in position by means of suitable packing elements, wherein a composition as defined in claim 1 is applied against the bottom wall of said tundish in order to coat the base of said heat-insulating plates with said com-position and the lining obtained is allowed to harden prior to introduction of molten metal into said tundish.
8. A method for lining the interior of a tundish in which prefabricated heat-insulating plates are applied against the lateral walls and the bottom wall of said tundish, wherein the prefabricated plates employed have identical dimensions and wherein the spaces formed between the different plates are filled with a composition according to claim 1.
9. A method as defined in claim 7, wherein the heat-insulating plates employed are fabricated from a composition which is similar to the composition according to claim 1.
10. A method as defined in claim 6 in which a plate is placed within the tundish for affording resistance to the impact of the jet of molten metal which is poured into said tundish, wherein said impact plate is covered with a composition according to claim 1.
11. A method as defined in claim 6 in which barrier plates are placed within the tundish in order to constitute a container for retaining the impurities present in the molten metal which is poured into the tundish, wherein said barrier plates are maintained in position by application of a composition according to claim 1.
12. A method as defined in claim 6, wherein the composition is applied against the permanent refractory lining by means of a mold, the introduction of the composition into said mold being carried out by tamping and/or by blowing, suction or vibration.
13. A composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said refractory material is silica, said carbonaceous material is selected from the group consisting of coke and sawdust and said binder is a phenolic resin.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7717392A FR2393637A1 (en) | 1977-06-07 | 1977-06-07 | Tundish for continuous casting - using consumable inner lining of refractory with an exothermic mixt. |
| FR7717392 | 1977-06-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1119622A true CA1119622A (en) | 1982-03-09 |
Family
ID=9191783
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000304261A Expired CA1119622A (en) | 1977-06-07 | 1978-05-29 | Refractory lining for a tundish |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE867340A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1119622A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2824773C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2393637A1 (en) |
| GR (1) | GR65308B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1105133B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA783184B (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU576910B2 (en) * | 1984-11-01 | 1988-09-08 | Foseco International Limited | Carbonizable intermediate layer in between refractory container linings |
| US4993692A (en) * | 1989-07-10 | 1991-02-19 | Brown William K | Unitary tundish linings with flow-control devices |
| US5318277A (en) * | 1989-07-10 | 1994-06-07 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Lined ladles, linings therefor, and method of forming the same |
| EP3015440A1 (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2016-05-04 | Magnesita Refractories GmbH | Binder for a grain mixture |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2451789A1 (en) * | 1979-03-22 | 1980-10-17 | Daussan & Co | THERMALLY INSULATING COATING FOR METALLURGICAL CONTAINERS AND METHOD THEREOF |
| JPS57184884A (en) * | 1981-05-08 | 1982-11-13 | Fuaizaa Kuiguree Kk | Protective layer for metallurgical vessel |
| DE3119548C1 (en) * | 1981-05-16 | 1982-12-09 | Chamotte- u. Tonwerk Kurt Hagenburger, 6719 Hettenleidelheim | Wear layer of a metallurgical vessel lined with permanent lining with a layer not sintered towards the permanent lining |
| FR2585273B1 (en) * | 1985-07-24 | 1988-05-13 | Daussan & Co | COATING FOR PROTECTING THE INTERIOR OF A METALLURGICAL CONTAINER AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME |
| FR2599651B1 (en) * | 1986-06-10 | 1989-10-27 | Daussan & Co | CONTAINER FOR RECEIVING LIQUID METAL |
| FR2717720A1 (en) * | 1994-03-23 | 1995-09-29 | Daussan & Co | Coating for protecting the interior of a metallurgical container, device and method for applying this coating. |
| NL1003885C2 (en) * | 1996-08-27 | 1998-03-03 | Hoogovens Tech Services | Gutter for a hot melt and gutter system. |
| US5885510A (en) * | 1997-02-07 | 1999-03-23 | Alcoa Chemie Gmbh | Methods of making refractory bodies |
| US6165926A (en) * | 1998-06-24 | 2000-12-26 | Alcoa Chemie Gmbh | Castable refractory composition and methods of making refractory bodies |
| US6537486B1 (en) * | 2000-03-17 | 2003-03-25 | Yesuvius Crucible Company | Anti-buildup liner |
| CN115106490B (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2024-06-04 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Hollow granular casting slag for continuous casting production and preparation method thereof |
-
1977
- 1977-06-07 FR FR7717392A patent/FR2393637A1/en active Granted
-
1978
- 1978-05-22 BE BE187926A patent/BE867340A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-05-25 GR GR56330A patent/GR65308B/en unknown
- 1978-05-29 CA CA000304261A patent/CA1119622A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-06-02 ZA ZA00783184A patent/ZA783184B/en unknown
- 1978-06-06 IT IT49733/78A patent/IT1105133B/en active
- 1978-06-06 DE DE2824773A patent/DE2824773C2/en not_active Expired
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU576910B2 (en) * | 1984-11-01 | 1988-09-08 | Foseco International Limited | Carbonizable intermediate layer in between refractory container linings |
| US4993692A (en) * | 1989-07-10 | 1991-02-19 | Brown William K | Unitary tundish linings with flow-control devices |
| US5318277A (en) * | 1989-07-10 | 1994-06-07 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Lined ladles, linings therefor, and method of forming the same |
| EP3015440A1 (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2016-05-04 | Magnesita Refractories GmbH | Binder for a grain mixture |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GR65308B (en) | 1980-08-01 |
| DE2824773A1 (en) | 1978-12-14 |
| FR2393637A1 (en) | 1979-01-05 |
| IT1105133B (en) | 1985-10-28 |
| IT7849733A0 (en) | 1978-06-06 |
| ZA783184B (en) | 1979-06-27 |
| DE2824773C2 (en) | 1983-01-20 |
| BE867340A (en) | 1978-11-22 |
| FR2393637B1 (en) | 1982-11-26 |
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| MKEX | Expiry |