CA1111264A - Downward vortex dissipator basin - Google Patents
Downward vortex dissipator basinInfo
- Publication number
- CA1111264A CA1111264A CA341,474A CA341474A CA1111264A CA 1111264 A CA1111264 A CA 1111264A CA 341474 A CA341474 A CA 341474A CA 1111264 A CA1111264 A CA 1111264A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- basin
- fluid
- flowpath
- water
- vortex
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/06—Spillways; Devices for dissipation of energy, e.g. for reducing eddies also for lock or dry-dock gates
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Sewage (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A dissipator basin for reducing the kinetic energy of water exiting from steeply sloped highway culverts, spillways and the like which is especially useful in mountainous country.
A substantially rectangular basin is provided with a massive impact block shaped so that water from the culvert strikes the underside of an upwardly and rearwardly facing projection which causes the water to be swept downwardly and rearwardly as a downward vortex which tends to dissipate the kinetic energy as heat.
A dissipator basin for reducing the kinetic energy of water exiting from steeply sloped highway culverts, spillways and the like which is especially useful in mountainous country.
A substantially rectangular basin is provided with a massive impact block shaped so that water from the culvert strikes the underside of an upwardly and rearwardly facing projection which causes the water to be swept downwardly and rearwardly as a downward vortex which tends to dissipate the kinetic energy as heat.
Description
s~
This invention relates to a dissipator basin for use in culverts, spillways and the li~e, par-ticularly in mountainous country, in order to minimize erosion in the downstream channel.
It is, of course, well known that in any situation where water empties from a steeply inclined channel into a natural water-way, the water has considerable kinetic energy which must be dissipated quickly if damage to the downstream water~ay and particularly the stream bed is to be avoided or at least minimized.
Many forms of energy dissipators have been suggested such as deepened water cushions to receive the shock of the fall of water, reinforced hard surfaced aprons, grill shaped sills and deep concrete basins, all of which serve to reduce the velocity of the downwardly rapidly flowing water, which often has a velocity as high as 8 m/sec, to something approaching the rate of flow in the natural stream, by reducing the considerable kinetic energy contained in the stream to thermal energy. The prior art devices are not, however, without their disadvantages. Iocal scouring is often a problem, and removal of sediments from the relatively costly precast structures can be difficult.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention tQ~
provide an improved device for dissipating the kinetic energy of - rapidly moving fluid stream5, partlcularly water from highway culverts in mountainous regions.
; Thus, by one aspect of this invention there is provided a device for reducing the kinetic energy of a fluid freely flow-; ing along a fluid flowpath, comprising:
(a~ basin means having an upstream fluid inlet and a down-stream fluid outlet, for placement in said flow path;
(b) an impact surface in said basin and angularly traversing ` i~
.
- . ' . ~ ' ' ' ' :
at::Least a portion o~ sai~ ~luid flowpath and arranged to create vortex in said fluid in s~id basin adjacent the ~luid inlet thereo:~; and (c) flowpath means in said basin adjacent said impact surface to permit fluid flow between said vortex and said fluid outlet.
ThP invention will be described in more detail hereinafter with reference to the drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a sectional view of a dissipator basin according to one embodiment of the invention;
Figure 2 is a plan view of the embodiment of Figure l;
and Figure 3 is a sectional view of the impact block shown in Figure 1.
At the lower exit of one or more steeply inclined culverts or conduits 1, there is provided a preferably substantially rect-angular catch basin 2, which is generally, but not necessarily, fab-ricated in concrete either in situ or precast, having an upstream wall 3 between D and 2D and preferably 1.3D high, where D is the diameter of the culvert 1 and generally varies from about 20mm to about 1200mm, and a downstream wall or sill 4 between 0.50D and D, preferably 0.75d. The sidewalls 5 of the basin 2 are between D and 2D, and preferably 1.5D high. A specially shaped impact block 6, generally in concrete which.may be cast in situ or precast and broughtto the site is secured to the basin by any conventional means such as bolting. The impact block 6 is provided with a massive, substantially rhomboidal base 7 about D wide and 2D
long axially aligned with a culvert 1 about 2-3D and preferably
This invention relates to a dissipator basin for use in culverts, spillways and the li~e, par-ticularly in mountainous country, in order to minimize erosion in the downstream channel.
It is, of course, well known that in any situation where water empties from a steeply inclined channel into a natural water-way, the water has considerable kinetic energy which must be dissipated quickly if damage to the downstream water~ay and particularly the stream bed is to be avoided or at least minimized.
Many forms of energy dissipators have been suggested such as deepened water cushions to receive the shock of the fall of water, reinforced hard surfaced aprons, grill shaped sills and deep concrete basins, all of which serve to reduce the velocity of the downwardly rapidly flowing water, which often has a velocity as high as 8 m/sec, to something approaching the rate of flow in the natural stream, by reducing the considerable kinetic energy contained in the stream to thermal energy. The prior art devices are not, however, without their disadvantages. Iocal scouring is often a problem, and removal of sediments from the relatively costly precast structures can be difficult.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention tQ~
provide an improved device for dissipating the kinetic energy of - rapidly moving fluid stream5, partlcularly water from highway culverts in mountainous regions.
; Thus, by one aspect of this invention there is provided a device for reducing the kinetic energy of a fluid freely flow-; ing along a fluid flowpath, comprising:
(a~ basin means having an upstream fluid inlet and a down-stream fluid outlet, for placement in said flow path;
(b) an impact surface in said basin and angularly traversing ` i~
.
- . ' . ~ ' ' ' ' :
at::Least a portion o~ sai~ ~luid flowpath and arranged to create vortex in said fluid in s~id basin adjacent the ~luid inlet thereo:~; and (c) flowpath means in said basin adjacent said impact surface to permit fluid flow between said vortex and said fluid outlet.
ThP invention will be described in more detail hereinafter with reference to the drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a sectional view of a dissipator basin according to one embodiment of the invention;
Figure 2 is a plan view of the embodiment of Figure l;
and Figure 3 is a sectional view of the impact block shown in Figure 1.
At the lower exit of one or more steeply inclined culverts or conduits 1, there is provided a preferably substantially rect-angular catch basin 2, which is generally, but not necessarily, fab-ricated in concrete either in situ or precast, having an upstream wall 3 between D and 2D and preferably 1.3D high, where D is the diameter of the culvert 1 and generally varies from about 20mm to about 1200mm, and a downstream wall or sill 4 between 0.50D and D, preferably 0.75d. The sidewalls 5 of the basin 2 are between D and 2D, and preferably 1.5D high. A specially shaped impact block 6, generally in concrete which.may be cast in situ or precast and broughtto the site is secured to the basin by any conventional means such as bolting. The impact block 6 is provided with a massive, substantially rhomboidal base 7 about D wide and 2D
long axially aligned with a culvert 1 about 2-3D and preferably
2.5D from the rear wall 3 of the basin, with an angularly upwardly :
~ .
.. . ~ ~.
, . .
. ~ ~ . ' ' ' .
~ 3~
extending projectlOn 8 pointing towards the exit o~ the culvert 1. The impact block Eor a small culvert may be about a metre high bu-t for a lar~e culvert may be several metres high. The heigh-t of the projection ~ is between D and 2D, preferably about 1.5D, and extends to within about D of the culvert exit. The height of the base block 7 is 0.4-0.8D, preferably 0.6D, so that a water jet exiting from culvert 1 strikes the projection 8 at a point above the junction 9 of the projection 8 with base 7. The angle ~ is between about 65 and 80, preferably 72, and the angle ~ is between about 30~ and 40, preferably 35, so as to cause water exiting from the culvert and striking the face o~
the impact block to swirl downwardly and back along the bottom of the basin, in efEect creating a downward vortex, which serves to dissipate at least a portion of the kinetic energy of the water as heat. The water also swirls around the sides of the impact block and leaves the basin over the low downstream sill ~, to enter the natural stream or waterway with kine-tic energy decreased virtually to zero. ~s noted above the impact block may be bolted to a heavily built, rigid basin or, in an alternative embodiment, using natural materials, may be cast on a flat base plate and lowered into a basin lined wi-th care~ully selected boulders that will withstand the erosive forces. It will, o~ course, be appreciated that although the invention has been described herein with reference to a particular embodiment having two conduit pipes, it is generally applicable to single and multiple conduits, and appropriately placed impact block5- In some circumstances two or more conduïts may be served by a single impact block. ~enerally as the number of pipes increases the wider the basin ~ecomes although the length does not necessarily ïncrease. It has been .
.- - . :
:
- ' ' ' Eound tha~ the di.mensions of the basin can be expressed gerlerally as:
No. of pipes1 2 n (>2) Width 4D 5D 2.2nD
Length 6D 6D 6D
~leiyht 1.2D 1.5D 1.5D
Many o-ther variations and modifications within the scope of the present invention will be readily apparent to persons skilled in -the art. For example, although specific reference has been made to culverts for the passage of water it will be appreciated that other liquids, and even gases, may equally well be treated according to the principles of the present invention. Similarly, al-though the impact block has been illustrated as being secured to or located adjacent the bottom of the bas:in so as to provide an impact surface which produces a downward vor-tex about a horlzontal axis, it could equally well be secured to the side walls of the basin so that the impact surface produces a vortex about a vertical axis, or even in such a way that an upward vortex about a horizontal axis is produced.
, . : ' ' ~ .
` . ' : : ` :-: .
.
.
~ .
.. . ~ ~.
, . .
. ~ ~ . ' ' ' .
~ 3~
extending projectlOn 8 pointing towards the exit o~ the culvert 1. The impact block Eor a small culvert may be about a metre high bu-t for a lar~e culvert may be several metres high. The heigh-t of the projection ~ is between D and 2D, preferably about 1.5D, and extends to within about D of the culvert exit. The height of the base block 7 is 0.4-0.8D, preferably 0.6D, so that a water jet exiting from culvert 1 strikes the projection 8 at a point above the junction 9 of the projection 8 with base 7. The angle ~ is between about 65 and 80, preferably 72, and the angle ~ is between about 30~ and 40, preferably 35, so as to cause water exiting from the culvert and striking the face o~
the impact block to swirl downwardly and back along the bottom of the basin, in efEect creating a downward vortex, which serves to dissipate at least a portion of the kinetic energy of the water as heat. The water also swirls around the sides of the impact block and leaves the basin over the low downstream sill ~, to enter the natural stream or waterway with kine-tic energy decreased virtually to zero. ~s noted above the impact block may be bolted to a heavily built, rigid basin or, in an alternative embodiment, using natural materials, may be cast on a flat base plate and lowered into a basin lined wi-th care~ully selected boulders that will withstand the erosive forces. It will, o~ course, be appreciated that although the invention has been described herein with reference to a particular embodiment having two conduit pipes, it is generally applicable to single and multiple conduits, and appropriately placed impact block5- In some circumstances two or more conduïts may be served by a single impact block. ~enerally as the number of pipes increases the wider the basin ~ecomes although the length does not necessarily ïncrease. It has been .
.- - . :
:
- ' ' ' Eound tha~ the di.mensions of the basin can be expressed gerlerally as:
No. of pipes1 2 n (>2) Width 4D 5D 2.2nD
Length 6D 6D 6D
~leiyht 1.2D 1.5D 1.5D
Many o-ther variations and modifications within the scope of the present invention will be readily apparent to persons skilled in -the art. For example, although specific reference has been made to culverts for the passage of water it will be appreciated that other liquids, and even gases, may equally well be treated according to the principles of the present invention. Similarly, al-though the impact block has been illustrated as being secured to or located adjacent the bottom of the bas:in so as to provide an impact surface which produces a downward vor-tex about a horlzontal axis, it could equally well be secured to the side walls of the basin so that the impact surface produces a vortex about a vertical axis, or even in such a way that an upward vortex about a horizontal axis is produced.
, . : ' ' ~ .
` . ' : : ` :-: .
.
.
Claims (14)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A device for reducing the kinetic energy of a fluid freely flowing along a fluid flowpath, comprising:
(a) basin means having an upstream fluid inlet and a downstream fluid outlet, for placement in said flowpath;
(b) an impact surface in said basin and angularly traversing at least a portion of said fluid flowpath and arranged to create a vortex in said fluid in said basin adjacent the fluid inlet thereof; and (c) flowpath means in said basin adjacent said impact surface to permit fluid flow between said vortex and said fluid outlet.
(a) basin means having an upstream fluid inlet and a downstream fluid outlet, for placement in said flowpath;
(b) an impact surface in said basin and angularly traversing at least a portion of said fluid flowpath and arranged to create a vortex in said fluid in said basin adjacent the fluid inlet thereof; and (c) flowpath means in said basin adjacent said impact surface to permit fluid flow between said vortex and said fluid outlet.
2. A device as claimed in claim 1 wherein said fluid is a liquid.
3. A device as claimed in claim 2 wherein said liquid is water.
4. A device as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein said basin includes weir means adjacent said fluid outlet.
5. A device as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein said impact surface is provided on an impact block mounted in said basin.
6. A device as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein said impact surface is provided on an impact block mounted on a lower surface of said basin so as to create a vortex having a horizontal axis of rotation.
7. A device for reducing the kinetic energy of water freely flowing along a flowpath between conduit means and a natural waterway, comprising:
(a) basin means having an upstream fluid inlet and a downstream fluid outlet, for placement in said flowpath adjacent said conduit means;
(b) an impact block mounted in said basin and having an impact surface angularly traversing at least a portion of said flowpath and arranged so as to create a vortex in said water in said basin upstream of said impact block; and (c) passage means between said impact block and said basin to permit said water to flow from said vortex to said downstream fluid outlet.
(a) basin means having an upstream fluid inlet and a downstream fluid outlet, for placement in said flowpath adjacent said conduit means;
(b) an impact block mounted in said basin and having an impact surface angularly traversing at least a portion of said flowpath and arranged so as to create a vortex in said water in said basin upstream of said impact block; and (c) passage means between said impact block and said basin to permit said water to flow from said vortex to said downstream fluid outlet.
8. A device as claimed in claim 7 wherein said basin has sidewalls and a rearwall between D and 2D and a front wall between 0.5 and D high, is about 4D wide and about 6D long, where D is the diamter of the conduit.
9. A device as claimed in claim 1 wherein said impact block has a substantially rhomboidal base axially aligned with said culvert and an angularly upwardly extending projection directed towards said conduit.
10. A device as claimed in claim 9 wherein a lower face of said upwardly extending projection provides said impact surface.
11. A device as claimed in claim 10 wherein said impact block is mounted on a horizontally disposed base of said basin so as to produce a downward vortex in said water between said base and said projection.
12. A device as claimed in claim 11 wherein said impact surface is at an angle between 30 and 40° to a horizontally disposed base of said basin.
13. A device as claimed in claim 12 wherein said impact surface is at an angle of about 35° to said horizontally disposed base.
14. A device as claimed in claim 11 or 12 wherein a rear face of said rhomboidal base is inclined at an angle between 65° and 80° relative to said horizontally disposed base.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA341,474A CA1111264A (en) | 1979-12-07 | 1979-12-07 | Downward vortex dissipator basin |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA341,474A CA1111264A (en) | 1979-12-07 | 1979-12-07 | Downward vortex dissipator basin |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1111264A true CA1111264A (en) | 1981-10-27 |
Family
ID=4115782
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA341,474A Expired CA1111264A (en) | 1979-12-07 | 1979-12-07 | Downward vortex dissipator basin |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1111264A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4978247A (en) * | 1986-05-05 | 1990-12-18 | Lenson Walter J | Erosion control device |
| EP2098641A2 (en) * | 2008-03-06 | 2009-09-09 | Ediltravet SRL | Mouthpiece for discharge of water and regulation of the level thereof for rice fields and water basins in general |
| CN104746489A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-07-01 | 三峡大学 | Plunge pool with efficient flushing preventing and energy dissipating structure and building method thereof |
| CN105256877A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-01-20 | 上海市政工程设计研究总院（集团）有限公司 | Drop device, rainwater collecting system and exhaust method of rainwater collecting system |
| CN116219973A (en) * | 2022-12-16 | 2023-06-06 | 中国市政工程西南设计研究总院有限公司 | Force dissipation water diversion structure suitable for mountain area water delivery engineering |
-
1979
- 1979-12-07 CA CA341,474A patent/CA1111264A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4978247A (en) * | 1986-05-05 | 1990-12-18 | Lenson Walter J | Erosion control device |
| EP2098641A2 (en) * | 2008-03-06 | 2009-09-09 | Ediltravet SRL | Mouthpiece for discharge of water and regulation of the level thereof for rice fields and water basins in general |
| EP2098641A3 (en) * | 2008-03-06 | 2009-11-04 | Ediltravet SRL | Mouthpiece for discharge of water and regulation of the level thereof for rice fields and water basins in general |
| CN104746489A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-07-01 | 三峡大学 | Plunge pool with efficient flushing preventing and energy dissipating structure and building method thereof |
| CN105256877A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-01-20 | 上海市政工程设计研究总院（集团）有限公司 | Drop device, rainwater collecting system and exhaust method of rainwater collecting system |
| CN105256877B (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2024-03-22 | 上海市政工程设计研究总院（集团）有限公司 | Drop device, rainwater collection system and exhaust method of rainwater collection system |
| CN116219973A (en) * | 2022-12-16 | 2023-06-06 | 中国市政工程西南设计研究总院有限公司 | Force dissipation water diversion structure suitable for mountain area water delivery engineering |
| CN116219973B (en) * | 2022-12-16 | 2023-11-24 | 中国市政工程西南设计研究总院有限公司 | Force dissipation water diversion structure suitable for mountain area water delivery engineering |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |