CA1105991A - Porous carbon foam gas distribution layer for fuel cells - Google Patents
Porous carbon foam gas distribution layer for fuel cellsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1105991A CA1105991A CA309,268A CA309268A CA1105991A CA 1105991 A CA1105991 A CA 1105991A CA 309268 A CA309268 A CA 309268A CA 1105991 A CA1105991 A CA 1105991A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- gas distribution
- gas
- foam
- catalyst
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 92
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 81
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229960004838 phosphoric acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007775 late Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0289—Means for holding the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/96—Carbon-based electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0234—Carbonaceous material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0241—Composites
- H01M8/0245—Composites in the form of layered or coated products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
- H01M4/861—Porous electrodes with a gradient in the porosity
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/824,759 US4125676A (en) | 1977-08-15 | 1977-08-15 | Carbon foam fuel cell components |
| US824,759 | 1977-08-15 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1105991A true CA1105991A (en) | 1981-07-28 |
Family
ID=25242247
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA309,268A Expired CA1105991A (en) | 1977-08-15 | 1978-08-14 | Porous carbon foam gas distribution layer for fuel cells |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4125676A (en, 2012) |
| JP (1) | JPS5431536A (en, 2012) |
| CA (1) | CA1105991A (en, 2012) |
| DE (1) | DE2834619A1 (en, 2012) |
| FR (1) | FR2400777A1 (en, 2012) |
| GB (1) | GB2002570B (en, 2012) |
| IL (1) | IL55311A (en, 2012) |
Families Citing this family (40)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS54137642A (en) * | 1978-04-12 | 1979-10-25 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Electrode for reversible fuel cell* and method of and apparatus for producing same |
| US4374906A (en) * | 1981-09-29 | 1983-02-22 | United Technologies Corporation | Ribbed electrode substrates |
| US4505992A (en) * | 1983-04-11 | 1985-03-19 | Engelhard Corporation | Integral gas seal for fuel cell gas distribution assemblies and method of fabrication |
| JPS6132361A (ja) * | 1984-07-23 | 1986-02-15 | Hitachi Ltd | 燃料電池 |
| US4548876A (en) * | 1984-10-17 | 1985-10-22 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Integrated current collector and catalyst support |
| JPS6345188U (en, 2012) * | 1986-09-12 | 1988-03-26 | ||
| US4756898A (en) * | 1987-04-30 | 1988-07-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Low density microcellular carbon or catalytically impregnated carbon foams and process for their prepartion |
| JPH01101381U (en, 2012) * | 1987-12-28 | 1989-07-07 | ||
| JPH01258365A (ja) * | 1988-04-06 | 1989-10-16 | Hitachi Ltd | 燃料電池 |
| US5773162A (en) | 1993-10-12 | 1998-06-30 | California Institute Of Technology | Direct methanol feed fuel cell and system |
| US6703150B2 (en) * | 1993-10-12 | 2004-03-09 | California Institute Of Technology | Direct methanol feed fuel cell and system |
| US5599638A (en) | 1993-10-12 | 1997-02-04 | California Institute Of Technology | Aqueous liquid feed organic fuel cell using solid polymer electrolyte membrane |
| US6312845B1 (en) * | 1995-10-06 | 2001-11-06 | The Dow Chemical Company | Macroporous flow field assembly |
| US6033506A (en) | 1997-09-02 | 2000-03-07 | Lockheed Martin Engery Research Corporation | Process for making carbon foam |
| US6780505B1 (en) * | 1997-09-02 | 2004-08-24 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Pitch-based carbon foam heat sink with phase change material |
| US6673328B1 (en) * | 2000-03-06 | 2004-01-06 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Pitch-based carbon foam and composites and uses thereof |
| US6037032A (en) | 1997-09-02 | 2000-03-14 | Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corp. | Pitch-based carbon foam heat sink with phase change material |
| US6030718A (en) * | 1997-11-20 | 2000-02-29 | Avista Corporation | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell power system |
| US6197442B1 (en) * | 1998-06-16 | 2001-03-06 | International Fuel Cells Corporation | Method of using a water transport plate |
| US7147214B2 (en) * | 2000-01-24 | 2006-12-12 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Humidifier for fuel cell using high conductivity carbon foam |
| FR2809384B1 (fr) * | 2000-05-26 | 2003-04-11 | Thomson Csf | Procede de fabrication de mousse de carbone et pile a combustible utilisant cette mousse |
| SE522666C2 (sv) * | 2000-07-07 | 2004-02-24 | Volvo Ab | Gasfördelningselement för bränsleceller, bränslecell samt metod för att tillverka ett gasfördelningselement |
| US7592089B2 (en) * | 2000-08-31 | 2009-09-22 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Fuel cell with variable porosity gas distribution layers |
| US6663994B1 (en) * | 2000-10-23 | 2003-12-16 | General Motors Corporation | Fuel cell with convoluted MEA |
| US6566004B1 (en) | 2000-08-31 | 2003-05-20 | General Motors Corporation | Fuel cell with variable porosity gas distribution layers |
| US6531238B1 (en) | 2000-09-26 | 2003-03-11 | Reliant Energy Power Systems, Inc. | Mass transport for ternary reaction optimization in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell assembly and stack assembly |
| US6969563B1 (en) * | 2002-03-01 | 2005-11-29 | Angstrom Power | High power density fuel cell stack using micro structured components |
| US20040002006A1 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2004-01-01 | Caterpillar Inc. | Battery including carbon foam current collectors |
| US6979513B2 (en) | 2002-06-28 | 2005-12-27 | Firefly Energy Inc. | Battery including carbon foam current collectors |
| JP3912249B2 (ja) * | 2002-09-30 | 2007-05-09 | 日本電気株式会社 | 燃料電池の運転方法および燃料電池を搭載した携帯機器 |
| JP3821081B2 (ja) * | 2002-09-30 | 2006-09-13 | 日本電気株式会社 | 燃料電池およびこれを搭載した携帯機器ならびに燃料電池の運転方法 |
| US7005209B1 (en) | 2002-10-04 | 2006-02-28 | The Texas A&M University System | Fuel cell stack assembly |
| US7001687B1 (en) | 2002-10-04 | 2006-02-21 | The Texas A&M University System | Unitized MEA assemblies and methods for making same |
| US7282291B2 (en) | 2002-11-25 | 2007-10-16 | California Institute Of Technology | Water free proton conducting membranes based on poly-4-vinylpyridinebisulfate for fuel cells |
| US7033703B2 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2006-04-25 | Firefly Energy, Inc. | Composite material and current collector for battery |
| US7341806B2 (en) | 2002-12-23 | 2008-03-11 | Caterpillar Inc. | Battery having carbon foam current collector |
| DE102008013134A1 (de) * | 2008-03-07 | 2009-09-10 | Audi Ag | Wärmetauschvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Wärmetauschelements für eine Wärmetauschvorrichtung |
| US8153328B2 (en) * | 2007-07-17 | 2012-04-10 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | Carbon fuel cells with carbon corrosion suppression |
| US8399134B2 (en) | 2007-11-20 | 2013-03-19 | Firefly Energy, Inc. | Lead acid battery including a two-layer carbon foam current collector |
| JP5261043B2 (ja) * | 2008-06-27 | 2013-08-14 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 車両用の組電池 |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2924634A (en) * | 1957-07-11 | 1960-02-09 | Fischbach Adolph | Carbon diffuser for gas activated batteries |
| US2997518A (en) * | 1958-06-16 | 1961-08-22 | Union Carbide Corp | Activation accelerators |
| BE714639A (en, 2012) * | 1967-06-19 | 1968-09-30 | ||
| FR1599959A (en, 2012) * | 1968-12-23 | 1970-07-20 | ||
| FR2027985A1 (en) * | 1969-01-09 | 1970-10-02 | Dunlop Co Ltd | Porous structure for fuel cells and their - electrodes |
| DE2017702A1 (de) * | 1969-04-16 | 1970-12-03 | Dunlop Australia Ltd., Melbourne, Victoria (Australien) | Elektrode |
| BE785804A (fr) * | 1971-07-03 | 1973-01-03 | Philips Nv | Pile electrochimique |
| US3871922A (en) * | 1971-07-12 | 1975-03-18 | Licentia Gmbh | Gas diffusion electrode for electrochemical cells |
| US3922334A (en) * | 1973-01-31 | 1975-11-25 | Airco Inc | Foam carbonization and resulting foam structures |
| US3927186A (en) * | 1973-02-28 | 1975-12-16 | Chemotronics International Inc | Method for the preparation of carbon structures |
| US4007058A (en) * | 1973-04-04 | 1977-02-08 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Matrix construction for fuel cells |
| JPS5817319B2 (ja) * | 1974-03-13 | 1983-04-06 | 呉羽化学工業株式会社 | タコウシツカ−ボンシ−ト ノ セイゾウホウ |
| DE2453204A1 (de) * | 1974-11-09 | 1976-05-13 | Philips Patentverwaltung | Verfahren zum herstellen eines ganz oder teilweise poroesen koerpers aus glasartigem kohlenstoff |
| US4038463A (en) * | 1976-09-01 | 1977-07-26 | United Technologies Corporation | Electrode reservoir for a fuel cell |
-
1977
- 1977-08-15 US US05/824,759 patent/US4125676A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1978
- 1978-08-07 DE DE19782834619 patent/DE2834619A1/de active Granted
- 1978-08-08 FR FR7823318A patent/FR2400777A1/fr active Granted
- 1978-08-08 IL IL55311A patent/IL55311A/xx unknown
- 1978-08-09 GB GB7832689A patent/GB2002570B/en not_active Expired
- 1978-08-09 JP JP9714978A patent/JPS5431536A/ja active Granted
- 1978-08-14 CA CA309,268A patent/CA1105991A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2400777B1 (en, 2012) | 1984-01-06 |
| FR2400777A1 (fr) | 1979-03-16 |
| JPS6130384B2 (en, 2012) | 1986-07-12 |
| US4125676A (en) | 1978-11-14 |
| GB2002570B (en) | 1982-04-28 |
| DE2834619A1 (de) | 1979-03-01 |
| GB2002570A (en) | 1979-02-21 |
| IL55311A (en) | 1982-01-31 |
| JPS5431536A (en) | 1979-03-08 |
| DE2834619C2 (en, 2012) | 1987-09-10 |
| IL55311A0 (en) | 1978-10-31 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |