CA1105848A - Vortical cyclone cluster apparatus - Google Patents
Vortical cyclone cluster apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- CA1105848A CA1105848A CA349,140A CA349140A CA1105848A CA 1105848 A CA1105848 A CA 1105848A CA 349140 A CA349140 A CA 349140A CA 1105848 A CA1105848 A CA 1105848A
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- Prior art keywords
- hydrocyclone
- defining
- outlet
- apex
- wall
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Abstract
Docket 6172 VORTICAL CYCLONE CLUSTER APPARATUS
Abstract of the Disclosure A cluster of closely spaced cyclones are arranged with their axis in parallel spaced relation, and cylindrical portions of the cyclones form rigid connections between parallel walls which define a chamber for directing fluid into corresponding tangential inlets within the cyclones. In one embodiment, the walls are formed by flanges molded as integral parts of the plastic cyclone bodies, and the flanges are interconnected by key members. In another embodiment, the walls are formed by flat plates which are rigidly connected by independently removable molded plastic bodies having integral threads. Each of the cyclones includes a replaceable apex cone section which may be ceramic and has an externally threaded portion projecting into an apex discharge chamber defined between an inner wall and a parallel spaced transparent outer wall. Each apex cone section is secured to the inner wall by a nut member, and the transparent outer wall is provided with an axially aligned opening and valve for each cyclone for introducing a back flushing fluid or to produce a vacuum at the apex end. The apex cone sections may be secured to the apex discharge housing by threaded sleeves which also form spacers between the walls of the housing and which support corresponding transparent rings. A ceramic probe is Docket 6172 adjustable axially within each ring and has a conical inner end which cooperates with the apex end of the corresponding cyclone to define an adjustable annular discharge orifice. The opposite ends of the cyclones have molded plastic closures with vortex finders which project into a vortex chamber defined by a removable cover member. The vortex finders may also project into a tank connected to a vacuum source for deaerating liquid which is received within the tank.
Abstract of the Disclosure A cluster of closely spaced cyclones are arranged with their axis in parallel spaced relation, and cylindrical portions of the cyclones form rigid connections between parallel walls which define a chamber for directing fluid into corresponding tangential inlets within the cyclones. In one embodiment, the walls are formed by flanges molded as integral parts of the plastic cyclone bodies, and the flanges are interconnected by key members. In another embodiment, the walls are formed by flat plates which are rigidly connected by independently removable molded plastic bodies having integral threads. Each of the cyclones includes a replaceable apex cone section which may be ceramic and has an externally threaded portion projecting into an apex discharge chamber defined between an inner wall and a parallel spaced transparent outer wall. Each apex cone section is secured to the inner wall by a nut member, and the transparent outer wall is provided with an axially aligned opening and valve for each cyclone for introducing a back flushing fluid or to produce a vacuum at the apex end. The apex cone sections may be secured to the apex discharge housing by threaded sleeves which also form spacers between the walls of the housing and which support corresponding transparent rings. A ceramic probe is Docket 6172 adjustable axially within each ring and has a conical inner end which cooperates with the apex end of the corresponding cyclone to define an adjustable annular discharge orifice. The opposite ends of the cyclones have molded plastic closures with vortex finders which project into a vortex chamber defined by a removable cover member. The vortex finders may also project into a tank connected to a vacuum source for deaerating liquid which is received within the tank.
Description
This is a divi~ional of Canadian Patent ~pplication Serial No. 238,474 filed Octo~er 28, 1975.
Bac~gro~nd of the rn~ention ~
In the art of hydrocyclones, commonly referred . to as cyclones, a free vortex principle i~ uced for ~eparating and classifying suspended solids, for example, to separate qolids fr~m water so that ~he water may ~e reused or for separati~g mNd and sl~me from pulverized coal or for classifying oil drilling mud~.
Cy~lone~ are also commonly used to separate sand, grit, bar~ particles and shives rom cellulose fibers in the production of a paper making slurry.
In an effort to utilize more of the cellulose in tree~, t~ere- is a trend in the paper making industry to chip whole trees including the tru~ks, ~ranche~
and twigs. SinGe it is ~ot practical to debar~ the ~ranches and twigs, the bark is cooked with the chips . and must.be remo~ed aft~r cooking, even for grad~3 of paper not generally requiring such cleani~g. Since a cyclone ~ecomes more efficient with ~espect to the ; re~oval of fine p?~ticles as the major diameter o~ the cyclone decreases, it ~as become desirable to employ a larger number of smaller cyclones such as cyclones having an inner diameter of six i~ches or less. The improved efficiency of the smaller cyclones may be . partially sacrific~d to permit a much lower pressure drop across ~e cyclones, and the lower pressure drop `~ pro~ides for a significant decrease in the energy required for operating t~e cyclones so that there is a , , Docket 6172 ~ ~ ~ 5 ~ 4 ~
significant savings in the C05t of operating the cyclones, especially when millions of gallons of liquid or fluid are treated per day.
There have ~een a number o methods either usea or proposed for assembling a group of relatively small cyclones into a cluster so as to minimize the space required by the assembly and to provîde for a more com~act and economic construction. For example, U.S.
Patents No. 3,335,860 dîsclose a cluster arrangement of cyclones which are arranged in a spoke type manner within a circular cast metal housing. Preferably, the cyclones dis~losed in this patent are each formed of a ceramic material for obtaining a maximum service lîfe.
U.S. Patent No. 3,415,374 discloses other cluster arrangements of hydrocyclones which are arranged either radially within an annular pattern or in a rectangular !' pattern with the axes of the cyclones in parallel relation. U.S. Patent No. 3,543,931, which issued to the applicant of khe present invention, shows another form of arr~nging cyclones Ln parallel spaced relation.
In addîtîon, a cluster arrangement of hydrocyclones i5 manufactured b~ A. B. Fractionator of Stockho~, Sweden and marketed under the trademark "Albia 100~.
This cleaning de~ice incorporates a cluster arrangement of tu~ular cyclones arranged in parallel relation.
Each cyelone ex~ends through a set of resilient ring seals m~unted within aligned holes formed in parallel ç~
,. .
, ~s~
spaced plates or walls which define chambers therebetween in a manner similar to that shown in above Patent No. 3,415,374.
Summary of the Invention The invention in one aspect provides a cyclone assembly comprising at least one elongated hydrocyclone including a rigid tubular inlet portion and a generally conical portion having an apex end portion defining an outlet, wall means connected to said hydrocyclone at axially spaced locations and defining a liquid supply chamber therebetween, means for directing a liquid into said supply chamber, means forming an axially ex~
tending vortex passage for said hydrocyclone, means defining a generally tangential inlet within said inlet portion of said hydrocyclone for directing the liquid from said supply chamber : into said inlet portion of said hydrocyclone, housing means . ~
enclosing said apex end portion of said hydrocyclone and defining an outlet chamber for receiving the fluid discharged from said outlet, means supported by said housing means in generally axial alignment with said apex end portion of said hydrocyclone and defining a passage for injecting a fluid through the correspond-ing said outlet of said hydrocyclone, and means for closingsaid passage.
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The invention in a further aspect provides a cyclone assembl.y comprisinq a cluster arrangement of elongated hydrocyclones each including a rigid tubular inlet portion and a generally conical portion having an apex end portion defining an outlet, wall means connected to said hydrocyclones at axially spaced locations, a casing cooperating with said wall means to de-fine a liquid supply chamber, means for directing a liquid into said supply chamber, means forming an axially extending vortex passage for each of said hydrocyclones, means deflning a generally tangential inlet within said inlet. portion of each said hydro-cyclone for directing the liquid from said supply chamber into said inlet portion of each said hydrocyclone, housing means enclosing said apex end portions of said hydrocyclones and de-fining an outlet chamber for receiving the fluid discharged from said outlets, means supported by said housing means in generally axial alignment with said apex end portion of each said hydro-cyclone and defining a passage for injecting a fluid through the corresponding said outlet of each said hydrocyclone, and means for closing each said passage.
Other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description, the accompanying drawing and the appended claims.
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Brief Description of the Drawing Fig. 1 is a plan view of one cluster cyclone assembly constructed in accordance with the invention and a fragment of an adjacent second assembly, with the common fluid supply manifold removed;
Fig. 2 is an enlarged vertical section taken generally on the line 2-2 of Fig.l;
Fig. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary section showing 'che assembly of an apex cone portion to the apex discharge housing;
Docket 6172 -7~ 5~4~
Fig. 4 i~ an exploded view of a portion taken generally on the line 4 - 4 of Fig. 2 and illustrating the use of interfitting key members for interconnecting the cyclone ~odies in a compact assem~ly;
S Fig. 5 is an enlarged section similar to Fig. 3 and showing a modification of the in~ention~
Fig. 6 is an elevational ~iew of a cyclone asse~bly constructed in accordance wîth ~e in~ention ana illustratîng its use ~ith a deaeratîon tank; and Fig. 7 îs a partially exploded fragmentary section illustratîng another form of cyclone cluster assem~ly in accordance with the in~ention.
Descriptîon of the Pxeferred Embodiment Referring to Fîg. 1, each of the cyclone cluster assemblîes or unîts 15 includes a cluster of hydro-cyclones or cyclones 16. Since the units are identified in construction, only one wîll ~e explained in detail.
Each of the cyclones 16 includes a hollow cyclone body formed by cylindrîcal portion 18 and a frusto-conical portîon 24 and which îs molded of a thermoplastios ~` material such ~s nylon. A pair oE axially spaced flanges 26 are molded as an integral part of each cyclone body at the opposite ends of the cylindrical - portion 18, and each of the flanges 26 has a polygonal or hexagonal outer surface formed with a peripherally ..
extending slot or groove 28.
A set of elongated generally flat and interfitting , .. .
.
Docket 6172 ~1~'5~4B
key mem~ers ~l (Fig. 4~ form a rigid connection between the cluster of closely spaced cyclone ~odie~.
Each key member 31 projects into a set of opposing slots 28 formed within the abutting straight outer surfaces of the corresponding hexagonal flanges 26 of the adjacent cone bod~es 18, as shown in Fig~ 2. Ag the cone bodies are progressively assembled r a fluid sealant material or plastics cement may be coated ~ithin the grooves 28 and on the ~ey members 31 so that 1~ after all of the cone bodies are assembled, the mating corresponding hexagonal flanges 26 form two parallel spaced walls ~hich are integrally and rigidly connected ~y the cylindrical portions 18 of the cone ; bodies. The fluid sealant and cement also cooperate with the ~ey mem~ers to form a fluid-tight chamber between the ax;ally æpaced flanges 26 of the cone bodieY.
In the embodLment illustrated în Figs. 1~4, the cyclone bodles are assembled to form a cluster having a generally square or rectangular configuration. The flanges 26 of the outermost cyclone ~odies within the cluQter are connected ~y key members 31 and fîller pieces ~not shown~ to provide ~he parallel spaced walls formed by the flanges 26 with either a square or rectangular outer peripheral surface. It is also within the æcope of the in~ention to arrange the cluster of parallel cyclone ~odies In a generally circular Docket 6172 -9~ 5~
configuratiQn, although the square or rectangular configuration is preferred for obtaining a more efficient use of the floor space.
The cylîndrical portions 18 of the cluster assembly of cyclone bodies are surrounded by a correspondingly shaped four sided canister or housing 34 formed by four 1at plates rlgidly connected to~
gether. The plate~ may ~e of a heavy sheet plastîcs material or ~tainless steel clad metal plates. The upper plate 36 of each housîng 34 is provided with a circular inlet 38 ~Fig. 1~, and the inlets 38 are connected to a manifold supply line or conduit ~not shown~
through wh~ch t~e fluid to be separated or classifie~
is supplied to the cyclone cluster units 15. The walls of the canister housing 34 are connected to the flanges 26 of the outermost cyclone ~odies and the filler pieces by a set of perîp~erally extending frame-like plates 41 and 42 and correspondîngly adjacent angle strips 44.
A set of perîph~rally spaced bolts 47 rigidly connect each of the frames 41 and 42 to tha corresponding adjacent angle strips 44. The bolts 47 whish extend through the retaining frame 41 also secure the peripheral flange 48 of a cover member 50.
The cover mem~er 50 has a part cylLndrical configuration and defînes a `'overflo~" chamber 52 for receîvinq the fluid having t~e separated lighter fractions Docket 6172 -lO~ 5~ B
commonly referred to as "acceptsn. Each of ~he cover mem~ers 50 ~as a flanged outlet portion 54, and the outlet portions 54 are connected by a common discharge line or ~anifold 55.
s The left end of each cyclone ~ody 18 ~Fig. 2) is prov~ded with internal thread~ for receivîng a correspond~ng closure mem~er or plug 56 prefera~ly also molded of a t~ermoplastics material such as nylon.
Each of the closure plugs 56 has a centrally located ~ortex finder or "overflow" nozzle tube 5B wh;ch projects out~ardly into the chamber 52 and ;nwardly into the center of the cylindrical portion 18 of the corresponding cyclone body. A set of diametrically oppo~ed and tangentially extending slot-like inlets 62 are formed within the ~ylindri.cal porti.on 18 of each cyclone ~ody adjacent th2 end flange 26 and provide for initiating the tangential flo~ of the supply fluid into each of the cyclones 16 from a supply cham~er 64 define~ ~etween the cylindrical portions 18 of the cyclones, the axîally spaced flanges 26 and the surrounding canister or housing 34.
Eac~ of the cyclones 16 also includes an apex ~one por~ion 68 which is prefera~ly formed of an abrasi~e resi`stan~ material such as cast ceramic. Each of the cone portions 68 forms an extension of the frusto-conic~l portion 24, and an outwardly projecting flange is cast as an integral part of each apex cone ' ~, , ' Docket 6172 ~ 5848 :
portion 68 for receiving an annular internally threaded coupling nut 72~ The coupling nut 72 engages external threads molded as an lntegral part of the corresponding cyclone body or cemented onto the end of the body.
The apex cone portions 68 of the cyclones 16 project into corresponding circular openings or holes 74 formed within the flat inner wall 76 of a generally square or rectangular housing 80 defining an apex discharge chamber 82. The housing 80 includes an outer wall 84 which is preferably formed of a transparent plastics material and is positîoned in parallel spaced : relation to the inner ~all 76. As shown in Fig. 3, ~an annular shoulder 86 is formed on each of the apex . cone portions 68 and abuts the ~^nner ~all 76 of the : 15 discharge housing 80. A nut 88 engages threads : formed as an integral part of the apex cone portion 68 and provides for r~gidly securing the apex cone portion to the inner ~all 76 of the discharge housing 80.
If the apex cone portion 68 ïs formed of ceramic, t~e threads may be formed on a sleeve which is made - of a material ~uch as nylon and is cemented to the cer d c.
A plurality of spacer rods 92 tFîg. 3) extend between the inner wall 76 and the outer wall 84 o the apex discharge housing 80. Eac~ of the spacer rods 92 ^~ncludes a pair of rigidly connected collars 93 and îs secured to the walls by a pair of Docket 6172 -12- ~ 1~ 5 8 ~
nuts 94 to provide for a rigid connection between the walls of the ~ousing and to maintain the parallel spaced rela~ion in response to a differential pressure ~ithin the apex di~charge chamber 82.
As is apparent from Fîgs. Z and 3, the apex ends of the cyclone 16 terminate within the cham~er 82, and an axially aligned threaded opening 97 is formed wit~in the outer wall 84 for each of the cyclones 16. A val~e unit 98 is mounted wlt~in each of the openings 97 and preferably is in the form of either a check valve or a plug ~alve. In the event that the apex ends of a cyclone ~ecomas clogged or blocked, the corresponding ~alve 98 may ~e opened, and compressed air or water i5 directed inwardl~ into the end portion of the cyclone for releasing the blockage. The valves 98 may also ~e connected to a partial vacuum or suction source when it is desîrable to apply a suction at the apex ends of the cyclones in a particular installation.
Referring to a modiication shown in Fig. S, the apex cone portion 68 of the cyclones 16 are each `~ secured to t~e inner ~all 76 of the d;scharge housing 30' by means of a tubular connecting cup or sleeve lOS
which replaces the nut 88 referred to in connection with ~he embodiment shown in Fig. 3. Each of the cylindrical sleeves 105 has an outer threaded end portion 107 which projects from an annular shoulder 108 through a corresponding cylLndxical opening within an outer wall , ~ .
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112 preferably formed of a thermoplastics material such as nylon ~n the same manner as the inner wall 76.
, A n~t 113 secures the outer end portion 107 to th~
~all 112 so that the ~lee~e 105 not only ~erves ~o secure the apex cone portion 68 of each cyclone to the inner ~all 76, but also serves to form a rigid connection and spacer between t~e inner wall 76 and the outer wall 112 of the apex discharge housing.
An opening or outlet 116 is formed within the bottom of each of the slee~es 105 to permlt the fluid discharge from the apex end of the corresponding cyclone 16 to be directed into the apex discharge ; chamber 82 defined betwaen the walls 76 and 112. A
cylindrical cone r^~ng 118 is formed of a transparent plastics material and is cemented ~ithin the ou~er end portion of the sleeve 105. The cone ring 118 has an internally threaded ~ore which receî~es an externally threaded tu~ular slee~e 121 preferably .
formed of a plas~îcs mater;al suc~ as nylon. An elongated cyllndrical pro~e 122 is preferably form~d of a ceramic materîal and i~ secured to the sleeve 121 by a suitable cement. The probe 122 has an ~^nner ~onical end sur-face 124 which cooperates wîth the circular opening within the end of the apex cone : 2~ portion 68 to define an annular discharge orifice which may ~e ~arîed by adjustîng ~he probe 122 and slee~e 121 axîally.
.
Docke~ 6172 -14~ S~8 An axially extending passage 126 extends through the center of the probe 122 and has an outer end whiah is normally closed by a valve (not shown) sim~^lar to the valve 98 referred to above in connection with Fig. 3.
S The passage 126 provides for înjecting a fluid such a~
water into the apex cone portion 68 in the event o~ a blockage or to pro~îde for creating a partial vacuum ~ithin the apex end of the cyclone ~y connecting ~he passage 126 to a suction source.
~eferr^~ng to ~îg. 6, a cluster of cyclones 16 are arranged ~ith their axes ~ertically instead of horizontally as îllustrated în Figs. 1-5, and t~e vortex fînder tubes 58' project upwardly into a vacuum chamber 128 defined by a part cylindrical vacuum tank 130. A
vertical dam member 132 pro~ides for colleating lî~uid within the tank 130 to a level ~here the li~uid o~erfl~ws the dam member 132. The tank 130 i5 connected by line 136 to a ~acuum source and is maintained at a negative pressure whîch îs substantially near the boilîng point of the lîquid, for example 69 cm. ~g. so that the Yacuum chamber 128 functions to deaerate the lîquîd which is sprayed agaînst the upper wall of the tank from the ~oxtex fî~der tu~es 58'. The deaerated liquid is directed through a discharge line 138 to a receivîng apparatus, as for example, the head bo~ of a paper making machine. T~e lîquîd ~hich o~erflo~s the dam member 132 îs collected J' Docket 6172 -15~ 5~4~
within the bottom end portion of the tank 13C and ~
dîxected by a line 142 ~ack to the su~tion o~ a pump which supplies the fluid to the can;ster inlet 38 of the cyclone cluster assembly 15.
A ~odified form of cyclone clu~ter assembly 15 is illustrated in ~ig. 7. In this em~odiment, the feed or supply chamber 64 is defined between parallel spaced plates 148 and 152 w~ich may be formed of a noncorrosîve pla~t~cs material such as nylon. The walls or plates 148 and 152 are rîgidly connected together by the cylîndrical body port;ons 181 of the cyclone 16'. The plate 148 is provided w;th a threaded opening 154 for each of the cyclones 16' and corresponding mating threads are molded as an integral part o~ a cyclone body portion 18r. An outwardly projecting peripheral flange 156 is also molded as an integral part of each cyclone body and is provided w;th internal threads for recei~ing a closure plug 158 also preferably molded of t~ermoplastics material such as nylon, and haYing an integral vortex finder tube 159.
The opposite end of the cylindrical ~ody portion 18' projects throug~ a corresponding cylindrical opening 161 within the wall or plate 152 and ha~ an annular shoulder 162 which abuts the wall 152. Thread~ 163 are molded as an integral part of the cyclone ~ody .: portion 18' and receive a nut 164 which cooperate~ with the s~oulder 162 to secure the cyclone 16' rigîdly to the wall or plate 152. Thus the cylindrical Docket 6172 -16~ ~ 5 ~ ~
portions 1~' of the cyclone bodies form a combined spacing and coupling member for rigidly connecting and positioning the walls or plates 148 and 152 so that the supply chamber 64 defined between the plates 148 and 152 can withstand substantial pressure.
From the drawing and the above description, it is apparent that a cyclone cluster assembly construction in accordance ~Ith the present invention, provide~
desira~le features and advantages. For example, ~y constructing the cyclones 16 as shown in Figs. 2 and 4 or as shown in Fig. 7, the cyclones may be arranged in a closely spaced compact relation so that a large number of cyclones may be assem~led within a minimum of space. The parallel spaced walls formed by the inter connected flanges 26 of the embodim~nt sho~n in Figs. 2 and 4 or the walls formed by the plates 148 and 152 of the embodLment shown ;n Fig. 7 are rigidly connected or coupled toget~er by the cyclones 18 or 18'. As a result, there is no need to pro~ide for separat~ tie bolts and spacer members, and the cyclones may be arranged closer together.
In a sLmilar manner, the connecting cups or slee~e~ 105 illus~rated in Fig. 5 serve not only to form a rigid connection between the cyclone bodies and the inner wall 75 of the discharge housing 80, but also form spacers and rigid connections between the inner wall 76 and the outer wall 112.
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Docket 6172 ~ $~48 ~ t is also apparent that each compact cluster unit of cyclones may be reasse~bled and ~ressure tested at the manufacturing plant and then shipped to the user's plant where the units may be quickly connected to the proper manifolds. As mentioned above, the cluster cone units may also ~e stacked to conserva floor space.
Another feature ~s prov~ded ~y the use of the axially adjustable ceramîc probe 122 with eaah cyclone, as descr~^~ed Ln connection with ~ig. 5. This probe provides for prec~seIy controll~ng t~e size of the discharge orifice 125, especially as the apex end wears, and thereby pro~ides for precisely controlling t~e discharge from the apex of each cyclone. In add~ion, the transparent cone ring 118 pro~ides for ~isually inspecting the discharge flow from eac~ cyclone în the same manner as provided by the transparent outer wall 84 of the apex d~scharge housing 80. As illustrated in Fîg. 6, the compact c~clone cluster assembly 15 of the inventîon îs also adapted for use în combînation with a deaerating device or tank 130, and the size of the tank is minimized a~ a result of the compact arrangement of .the cyclones 16.
Whîle the forms of apparatus herein described constitute preferred em~odiments of the inYention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to these precîse forms of apparatus, and that change ; ~ may be made therein w;thout departing from the scop~
Docket 6172 -18~ 5~4~
and spirit of the invention as dafined in the appended claim~.
The in~ention having thu~ ~een described, the follo~ing is cla~ed:
Bac~gro~nd of the rn~ention ~
In the art of hydrocyclones, commonly referred . to as cyclones, a free vortex principle i~ uced for ~eparating and classifying suspended solids, for example, to separate qolids fr~m water so that ~he water may ~e reused or for separati~g mNd and sl~me from pulverized coal or for classifying oil drilling mud~.
Cy~lone~ are also commonly used to separate sand, grit, bar~ particles and shives rom cellulose fibers in the production of a paper making slurry.
In an effort to utilize more of the cellulose in tree~, t~ere- is a trend in the paper making industry to chip whole trees including the tru~ks, ~ranche~
and twigs. SinGe it is ~ot practical to debar~ the ~ranches and twigs, the bark is cooked with the chips . and must.be remo~ed aft~r cooking, even for grad~3 of paper not generally requiring such cleani~g. Since a cyclone ~ecomes more efficient with ~espect to the ; re~oval of fine p?~ticles as the major diameter o~ the cyclone decreases, it ~as become desirable to employ a larger number of smaller cyclones such as cyclones having an inner diameter of six i~ches or less. The improved efficiency of the smaller cyclones may be . partially sacrific~d to permit a much lower pressure drop across ~e cyclones, and the lower pressure drop `~ pro~ides for a significant decrease in the energy required for operating t~e cyclones so that there is a , , Docket 6172 ~ ~ ~ 5 ~ 4 ~
significant savings in the C05t of operating the cyclones, especially when millions of gallons of liquid or fluid are treated per day.
There have ~een a number o methods either usea or proposed for assembling a group of relatively small cyclones into a cluster so as to minimize the space required by the assembly and to provîde for a more com~act and economic construction. For example, U.S.
Patents No. 3,335,860 dîsclose a cluster arrangement of cyclones which are arranged in a spoke type manner within a circular cast metal housing. Preferably, the cyclones dis~losed in this patent are each formed of a ceramic material for obtaining a maximum service lîfe.
U.S. Patent No. 3,415,374 discloses other cluster arrangements of hydrocyclones which are arranged either radially within an annular pattern or in a rectangular !' pattern with the axes of the cyclones in parallel relation. U.S. Patent No. 3,543,931, which issued to the applicant of khe present invention, shows another form of arr~nging cyclones Ln parallel spaced relation.
In addîtîon, a cluster arrangement of hydrocyclones i5 manufactured b~ A. B. Fractionator of Stockho~, Sweden and marketed under the trademark "Albia 100~.
This cleaning de~ice incorporates a cluster arrangement of tu~ular cyclones arranged in parallel relation.
Each cyelone ex~ends through a set of resilient ring seals m~unted within aligned holes formed in parallel ç~
,. .
, ~s~
spaced plates or walls which define chambers therebetween in a manner similar to that shown in above Patent No. 3,415,374.
Summary of the Invention The invention in one aspect provides a cyclone assembly comprising at least one elongated hydrocyclone including a rigid tubular inlet portion and a generally conical portion having an apex end portion defining an outlet, wall means connected to said hydrocyclone at axially spaced locations and defining a liquid supply chamber therebetween, means for directing a liquid into said supply chamber, means forming an axially ex~
tending vortex passage for said hydrocyclone, means defining a generally tangential inlet within said inlet portion of said hydrocyclone for directing the liquid from said supply chamber : into said inlet portion of said hydrocyclone, housing means . ~
enclosing said apex end portion of said hydrocyclone and defining an outlet chamber for receiving the fluid discharged from said outlet, means supported by said housing means in generally axial alignment with said apex end portion of said hydrocyclone and defining a passage for injecting a fluid through the correspond-ing said outlet of said hydrocyclone, and means for closingsaid passage.
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The invention in a further aspect provides a cyclone assembl.y comprisinq a cluster arrangement of elongated hydrocyclones each including a rigid tubular inlet portion and a generally conical portion having an apex end portion defining an outlet, wall means connected to said hydrocyclones at axially spaced locations, a casing cooperating with said wall means to de-fine a liquid supply chamber, means for directing a liquid into said supply chamber, means forming an axially extending vortex passage for each of said hydrocyclones, means deflning a generally tangential inlet within said inlet. portion of each said hydro-cyclone for directing the liquid from said supply chamber into said inlet portion of each said hydrocyclone, housing means enclosing said apex end portions of said hydrocyclones and de-fining an outlet chamber for receiving the fluid discharged from said outlets, means supported by said housing means in generally axial alignment with said apex end portion of each said hydro-cyclone and defining a passage for injecting a fluid through the corresponding said outlet of each said hydrocyclone, and means for closing each said passage.
Other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description, the accompanying drawing and the appended claims.
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Brief Description of the Drawing Fig. 1 is a plan view of one cluster cyclone assembly constructed in accordance with the invention and a fragment of an adjacent second assembly, with the common fluid supply manifold removed;
Fig. 2 is an enlarged vertical section taken generally on the line 2-2 of Fig.l;
Fig. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary section showing 'che assembly of an apex cone portion to the apex discharge housing;
Docket 6172 -7~ 5~4~
Fig. 4 i~ an exploded view of a portion taken generally on the line 4 - 4 of Fig. 2 and illustrating the use of interfitting key members for interconnecting the cyclone ~odies in a compact assem~ly;
S Fig. 5 is an enlarged section similar to Fig. 3 and showing a modification of the in~ention~
Fig. 6 is an elevational ~iew of a cyclone asse~bly constructed in accordance wîth ~e in~ention ana illustratîng its use ~ith a deaeratîon tank; and Fig. 7 îs a partially exploded fragmentary section illustratîng another form of cyclone cluster assem~ly in accordance with the in~ention.
Descriptîon of the Pxeferred Embodiment Referring to Fîg. 1, each of the cyclone cluster assemblîes or unîts 15 includes a cluster of hydro-cyclones or cyclones 16. Since the units are identified in construction, only one wîll ~e explained in detail.
Each of the cyclones 16 includes a hollow cyclone body formed by cylindrîcal portion 18 and a frusto-conical portîon 24 and which îs molded of a thermoplastios ~` material such ~s nylon. A pair oE axially spaced flanges 26 are molded as an integral part of each cyclone body at the opposite ends of the cylindrical - portion 18, and each of the flanges 26 has a polygonal or hexagonal outer surface formed with a peripherally ..
extending slot or groove 28.
A set of elongated generally flat and interfitting , .. .
.
Docket 6172 ~1~'5~4B
key mem~ers ~l (Fig. 4~ form a rigid connection between the cluster of closely spaced cyclone ~odie~.
Each key member 31 projects into a set of opposing slots 28 formed within the abutting straight outer surfaces of the corresponding hexagonal flanges 26 of the adjacent cone bod~es 18, as shown in Fig~ 2. Ag the cone bodies are progressively assembled r a fluid sealant material or plastics cement may be coated ~ithin the grooves 28 and on the ~ey members 31 so that 1~ after all of the cone bodies are assembled, the mating corresponding hexagonal flanges 26 form two parallel spaced walls ~hich are integrally and rigidly connected ~y the cylindrical portions 18 of the cone ; bodies. The fluid sealant and cement also cooperate with the ~ey mem~ers to form a fluid-tight chamber between the ax;ally æpaced flanges 26 of the cone bodieY.
In the embodLment illustrated în Figs. 1~4, the cyclone bodles are assembled to form a cluster having a generally square or rectangular configuration. The flanges 26 of the outermost cyclone ~odies within the cluQter are connected ~y key members 31 and fîller pieces ~not shown~ to provide ~he parallel spaced walls formed by the flanges 26 with either a square or rectangular outer peripheral surface. It is also within the æcope of the in~ention to arrange the cluster of parallel cyclone ~odies In a generally circular Docket 6172 -9~ 5~
configuratiQn, although the square or rectangular configuration is preferred for obtaining a more efficient use of the floor space.
The cylîndrical portions 18 of the cluster assembly of cyclone bodies are surrounded by a correspondingly shaped four sided canister or housing 34 formed by four 1at plates rlgidly connected to~
gether. The plate~ may ~e of a heavy sheet plastîcs material or ~tainless steel clad metal plates. The upper plate 36 of each housîng 34 is provided with a circular inlet 38 ~Fig. 1~, and the inlets 38 are connected to a manifold supply line or conduit ~not shown~
through wh~ch t~e fluid to be separated or classifie~
is supplied to the cyclone cluster units 15. The walls of the canister housing 34 are connected to the flanges 26 of the outermost cyclone ~odies and the filler pieces by a set of perîp~erally extending frame-like plates 41 and 42 and correspondîngly adjacent angle strips 44.
A set of perîph~rally spaced bolts 47 rigidly connect each of the frames 41 and 42 to tha corresponding adjacent angle strips 44. The bolts 47 whish extend through the retaining frame 41 also secure the peripheral flange 48 of a cover member 50.
The cover mem~er 50 has a part cylLndrical configuration and defînes a `'overflo~" chamber 52 for receîvinq the fluid having t~e separated lighter fractions Docket 6172 -lO~ 5~ B
commonly referred to as "acceptsn. Each of ~he cover mem~ers 50 ~as a flanged outlet portion 54, and the outlet portions 54 are connected by a common discharge line or ~anifold 55.
s The left end of each cyclone ~ody 18 ~Fig. 2) is prov~ded with internal thread~ for receivîng a correspond~ng closure mem~er or plug 56 prefera~ly also molded of a t~ermoplastics material such as nylon.
Each of the closure plugs 56 has a centrally located ~ortex finder or "overflow" nozzle tube 5B wh;ch projects out~ardly into the chamber 52 and ;nwardly into the center of the cylindrical portion 18 of the corresponding cyclone body. A set of diametrically oppo~ed and tangentially extending slot-like inlets 62 are formed within the ~ylindri.cal porti.on 18 of each cyclone ~ody adjacent th2 end flange 26 and provide for initiating the tangential flo~ of the supply fluid into each of the cyclones 16 from a supply cham~er 64 define~ ~etween the cylindrical portions 18 of the cyclones, the axîally spaced flanges 26 and the surrounding canister or housing 34.
Eac~ of the cyclones 16 also includes an apex ~one por~ion 68 which is prefera~ly formed of an abrasi~e resi`stan~ material such as cast ceramic. Each of the cone portions 68 forms an extension of the frusto-conic~l portion 24, and an outwardly projecting flange is cast as an integral part of each apex cone ' ~, , ' Docket 6172 ~ 5848 :
portion 68 for receiving an annular internally threaded coupling nut 72~ The coupling nut 72 engages external threads molded as an lntegral part of the corresponding cyclone body or cemented onto the end of the body.
The apex cone portions 68 of the cyclones 16 project into corresponding circular openings or holes 74 formed within the flat inner wall 76 of a generally square or rectangular housing 80 defining an apex discharge chamber 82. The housing 80 includes an outer wall 84 which is preferably formed of a transparent plastics material and is positîoned in parallel spaced : relation to the inner ~all 76. As shown in Fig. 3, ~an annular shoulder 86 is formed on each of the apex . cone portions 68 and abuts the ~^nner ~all 76 of the : 15 discharge housing 80. A nut 88 engages threads : formed as an integral part of the apex cone portion 68 and provides for r~gidly securing the apex cone portion to the inner ~all 76 of the discharge housing 80.
If the apex cone portion 68 ïs formed of ceramic, t~e threads may be formed on a sleeve which is made - of a material ~uch as nylon and is cemented to the cer d c.
A plurality of spacer rods 92 tFîg. 3) extend between the inner wall 76 and the outer wall 84 o the apex discharge housing 80. Eac~ of the spacer rods 92 ^~ncludes a pair of rigidly connected collars 93 and îs secured to the walls by a pair of Docket 6172 -12- ~ 1~ 5 8 ~
nuts 94 to provide for a rigid connection between the walls of the ~ousing and to maintain the parallel spaced rela~ion in response to a differential pressure ~ithin the apex di~charge chamber 82.
As is apparent from Fîgs. Z and 3, the apex ends of the cyclone 16 terminate within the cham~er 82, and an axially aligned threaded opening 97 is formed wit~in the outer wall 84 for each of the cyclones 16. A val~e unit 98 is mounted wlt~in each of the openings 97 and preferably is in the form of either a check valve or a plug ~alve. In the event that the apex ends of a cyclone ~ecomas clogged or blocked, the corresponding ~alve 98 may ~e opened, and compressed air or water i5 directed inwardl~ into the end portion of the cyclone for releasing the blockage. The valves 98 may also ~e connected to a partial vacuum or suction source when it is desîrable to apply a suction at the apex ends of the cyclones in a particular installation.
Referring to a modiication shown in Fig. S, the apex cone portion 68 of the cyclones 16 are each `~ secured to t~e inner ~all 76 of the d;scharge housing 30' by means of a tubular connecting cup or sleeve lOS
which replaces the nut 88 referred to in connection with ~he embodiment shown in Fig. 3. Each of the cylindrical sleeves 105 has an outer threaded end portion 107 which projects from an annular shoulder 108 through a corresponding cylLndxical opening within an outer wall , ~ .
, .
i Docket 6172 -13~ 5~4~
112 preferably formed of a thermoplastics material such as nylon ~n the same manner as the inner wall 76.
, A n~t 113 secures the outer end portion 107 to th~
~all 112 so that the ~lee~e 105 not only ~erves ~o secure the apex cone portion 68 of each cyclone to the inner ~all 76, but also serves to form a rigid connection and spacer between t~e inner wall 76 and the outer wall 112 of the apex discharge housing.
An opening or outlet 116 is formed within the bottom of each of the slee~es 105 to permlt the fluid discharge from the apex end of the corresponding cyclone 16 to be directed into the apex discharge ; chamber 82 defined betwaen the walls 76 and 112. A
cylindrical cone r^~ng 118 is formed of a transparent plastics material and is cemented ~ithin the ou~er end portion of the sleeve 105. The cone ring 118 has an internally threaded ~ore which receî~es an externally threaded tu~ular slee~e 121 preferably .
formed of a plas~îcs mater;al suc~ as nylon. An elongated cyllndrical pro~e 122 is preferably form~d of a ceramic materîal and i~ secured to the sleeve 121 by a suitable cement. The probe 122 has an ~^nner ~onical end sur-face 124 which cooperates wîth the circular opening within the end of the apex cone : 2~ portion 68 to define an annular discharge orifice which may ~e ~arîed by adjustîng ~he probe 122 and slee~e 121 axîally.
.
Docke~ 6172 -14~ S~8 An axially extending passage 126 extends through the center of the probe 122 and has an outer end whiah is normally closed by a valve (not shown) sim~^lar to the valve 98 referred to above in connection with Fig. 3.
S The passage 126 provides for înjecting a fluid such a~
water into the apex cone portion 68 in the event o~ a blockage or to pro~îde for creating a partial vacuum ~ithin the apex end of the cyclone ~y connecting ~he passage 126 to a suction source.
~eferr^~ng to ~îg. 6, a cluster of cyclones 16 are arranged ~ith their axes ~ertically instead of horizontally as îllustrated în Figs. 1-5, and t~e vortex fînder tubes 58' project upwardly into a vacuum chamber 128 defined by a part cylindrical vacuum tank 130. A
vertical dam member 132 pro~ides for colleating lî~uid within the tank 130 to a level ~here the li~uid o~erfl~ws the dam member 132. The tank 130 i5 connected by line 136 to a ~acuum source and is maintained at a negative pressure whîch îs substantially near the boilîng point of the lîquid, for example 69 cm. ~g. so that the Yacuum chamber 128 functions to deaerate the lîquîd which is sprayed agaînst the upper wall of the tank from the ~oxtex fî~der tu~es 58'. The deaerated liquid is directed through a discharge line 138 to a receivîng apparatus, as for example, the head bo~ of a paper making machine. T~e lîquîd ~hich o~erflo~s the dam member 132 îs collected J' Docket 6172 -15~ 5~4~
within the bottom end portion of the tank 13C and ~
dîxected by a line 142 ~ack to the su~tion o~ a pump which supplies the fluid to the can;ster inlet 38 of the cyclone cluster assembly 15.
A ~odified form of cyclone clu~ter assembly 15 is illustrated in ~ig. 7. In this em~odiment, the feed or supply chamber 64 is defined between parallel spaced plates 148 and 152 w~ich may be formed of a noncorrosîve pla~t~cs material such as nylon. The walls or plates 148 and 152 are rîgidly connected together by the cylîndrical body port;ons 181 of the cyclone 16'. The plate 148 is provided w;th a threaded opening 154 for each of the cyclones 16' and corresponding mating threads are molded as an integral part o~ a cyclone body portion 18r. An outwardly projecting peripheral flange 156 is also molded as an integral part of each cyclone body and is provided w;th internal threads for recei~ing a closure plug 158 also preferably molded of t~ermoplastics material such as nylon, and haYing an integral vortex finder tube 159.
The opposite end of the cylindrical ~ody portion 18' projects throug~ a corresponding cylindrical opening 161 within the wall or plate 152 and ha~ an annular shoulder 162 which abuts the wall 152. Thread~ 163 are molded as an integral part of the cyclone ~ody .: portion 18' and receive a nut 164 which cooperate~ with the s~oulder 162 to secure the cyclone 16' rigîdly to the wall or plate 152. Thus the cylindrical Docket 6172 -16~ ~ 5 ~ ~
portions 1~' of the cyclone bodies form a combined spacing and coupling member for rigidly connecting and positioning the walls or plates 148 and 152 so that the supply chamber 64 defined between the plates 148 and 152 can withstand substantial pressure.
From the drawing and the above description, it is apparent that a cyclone cluster assembly construction in accordance ~Ith the present invention, provide~
desira~le features and advantages. For example, ~y constructing the cyclones 16 as shown in Figs. 2 and 4 or as shown in Fig. 7, the cyclones may be arranged in a closely spaced compact relation so that a large number of cyclones may be assem~led within a minimum of space. The parallel spaced walls formed by the inter connected flanges 26 of the embodim~nt sho~n in Figs. 2 and 4 or the walls formed by the plates 148 and 152 of the embodLment shown ;n Fig. 7 are rigidly connected or coupled toget~er by the cyclones 18 or 18'. As a result, there is no need to pro~ide for separat~ tie bolts and spacer members, and the cyclones may be arranged closer together.
In a sLmilar manner, the connecting cups or slee~e~ 105 illus~rated in Fig. 5 serve not only to form a rigid connection between the cyclone bodies and the inner wall 75 of the discharge housing 80, but also form spacers and rigid connections between the inner wall 76 and the outer wall 112.
~ ' .J
" ' ~
Docket 6172 ~ $~48 ~ t is also apparent that each compact cluster unit of cyclones may be reasse~bled and ~ressure tested at the manufacturing plant and then shipped to the user's plant where the units may be quickly connected to the proper manifolds. As mentioned above, the cluster cone units may also ~e stacked to conserva floor space.
Another feature ~s prov~ded ~y the use of the axially adjustable ceramîc probe 122 with eaah cyclone, as descr~^~ed Ln connection with ~ig. 5. This probe provides for prec~seIy controll~ng t~e size of the discharge orifice 125, especially as the apex end wears, and thereby pro~ides for precisely controlling t~e discharge from the apex of each cyclone. In add~ion, the transparent cone ring 118 pro~ides for ~isually inspecting the discharge flow from eac~ cyclone în the same manner as provided by the transparent outer wall 84 of the apex d~scharge housing 80. As illustrated in Fîg. 6, the compact c~clone cluster assembly 15 of the inventîon îs also adapted for use în combînation with a deaerating device or tank 130, and the size of the tank is minimized a~ a result of the compact arrangement of .the cyclones 16.
Whîle the forms of apparatus herein described constitute preferred em~odiments of the inYention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to these precîse forms of apparatus, and that change ; ~ may be made therein w;thout departing from the scop~
Docket 6172 -18~ 5~4~
and spirit of the invention as dafined in the appended claim~.
The in~ention having thu~ ~een described, the follo~ing is cla~ed:
Claims (10)
1. A cyclone assembly comprising at least one elongated hydrocyclone including a rigid tubular inlet portion and a generally conical portion having an apex end portion defining an outlet, wall means connected to said hydrocyclone at axially spaced locations and defining a liquid supply chamber therebetween, means for directing a liquid into said supply chamber, means forming an axially extending vortex passage for said hydrocyclone, means defining a generally tangential inlet within said inlet portion of said hydrocyclone for directing the liquid from said supply chamber into said inlet portion of said hydrocyclone, housing means enclosing said apex end portion of said hydrocyclone and defining an outlet chamber for receiving the fluid discharged from said outlet, means supported by said housing means in generally axial alignment with said apex end portion of said hydrocyclone and defining a passage for injecting a fluid through the corresponding said outlet of said hydrocyclone, and means for closing said passage.
2. A cyclone assembly as defined in claim 1 wherein said means defining said passage comprise a tubular probe member having an inner end surface cooperating with said apex end portion to define an annular said outlet, and means for adjusting said probe member axially for precisely selecting the size of said outlet.
3. A cyclone assembly as defined in claim 1 wherein said housing means include an outer wall spaced from said apex end portion of said hydrocyclone, and said means defining said passage comprise a sleeve member having one end secured to said hydrocyclone in enclosing relation with said apex end portion thereof and the other end secured to said outer wall of said housing, and means defining a port in said sleeve member connecting the interior thereof with said outlet chamber.
4. A cyclone assembly comprising a cluster arrangement of elongated hydrocyclones each including a rigid tubular inlet portion and a generally conical portion having an apex end portion defining an outlet, wall means connected to said hydrocyclones at axially spaced locations, a casing cooperating with said wall means to define a liquid supply chamber, means for directing a liquid into said supply chamber, means forming an axially extending vortex passage for each of said hydrocyclones, means defining a generally tangential inlet within said inlet portion of each said hydrocyclone for directing the liquid from said supply chamber into said inlet portion of each said hydrocyclone, housing means enclosing said apex end portions of said hydrocyclones and defining an outlet chamber for receiving the fluid discharged from said outlets, means supported by said housing means in generally axial alignment with said apex end portion of each said hydrocyclone and defining a passage for injecting a fluid through the corresponding said outlet of each said hydrocyclone, and means for closing each said passage.
5. A cyclone assembly as defined in claim 4 wherein said means defining said passage for each said hydrocyclone comprise a valve having a movable valve member.
6. A cyclone assembly as defined in claim 4 wherein said means defining said passage for each said hydrocyclone comprise a tubular probe member having an inner end surface cooperating with said apex end portion to define a corresponding annular said outlet, and means for adjusting said probe member axially for precisely selecting the size of said outlet.
7. A cyclone assembly as defined in claim 1 wherein said housing means include an outer wall spaced from said apex end portions of said hydrocyclones, and further comprising a tubular sleeve member for each said hydrocyclone secured to said apex end portion of the corresponding said hydrocyclone, each said sleeve member including means for rigidly connecting said sleeve member to said outer wall of said housing, and means defining a port in each said sleeve member connecting the interior thereof with said outlet chamber.
8. A cyclone assembly as defined in claim 7 wherein each said sleeve member includes axially spaced circumferential threads for connecting said sleeve member to said hydrocyclone and said outer wall.
9. A cyclone assembly as defined in claim 7 and including a transparent closure element connected to each said sleeve member.
10. A cyclone assembly as defined in claim 7 including means within each said closure element for defining a passage aligned generally axially with said outlet of the corresponding said hydrocyclone.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA349,140A CA1105848A (en) | 1974-11-01 | 1980-04-03 | Vortical cyclone cluster apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/519,810 US3940331A (en) | 1974-11-01 | 1974-11-01 | Vortical cyclone cluster apparatus |
| US519,810 | 1974-11-01 | ||
| CA238,474A CA1081622A (en) | 1974-11-01 | 1975-10-28 | Vortical cyclone cluster apparatus |
| US05/650,436 US3984308A (en) | 1974-11-01 | 1976-01-19 | Vortical cyclone cluster apparatus |
| CA349,140A CA1105848A (en) | 1974-11-01 | 1980-04-03 | Vortical cyclone cluster apparatus |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1105848A true CA1105848A (en) | 1981-07-28 |
Family
ID=27425871
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA349,140A Expired CA1105848A (en) | 1974-11-01 | 1980-04-03 | Vortical cyclone cluster apparatus |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1105848A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6003683A (en) * | 1996-06-20 | 1999-12-21 | Thermo Black Clawson Inc. | Forward or reverse hydrocyclone systems and methods |
-
1980
- 1980-04-03 CA CA349,140A patent/CA1105848A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6003683A (en) * | 1996-06-20 | 1999-12-21 | Thermo Black Clawson Inc. | Forward or reverse hydrocyclone systems and methods |
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