CA1103867A - Vascular prosthesis produced from electrostatically spun fibres - Google Patents
Vascular prosthesis produced from electrostatically spun fibresInfo
- Publication number
- CA1103867A CA1103867A CA271,362A CA271362A CA1103867A CA 1103867 A CA1103867 A CA 1103867A CA 271362 A CA271362 A CA 271362A CA 1103867 A CA1103867 A CA 1103867A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fibres
- mat
- prosthesis according
- vascular prosthesis
- spun
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003872 anastomosis Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 36
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 24
- 206010052428 Wound Diseases 0.000 description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 18
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 17
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 6
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 206010053567 Coagulopathies Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000035602 clotting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920004933 Terylene® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000007536 Thrombosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005686 electrostatic field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010041 electrostatic spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-3-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)CC FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 101150034533 ATIC gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 101150077012 BEL1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100445050 Caenorhabditis elegans elt-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004405 Collectins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000909 Collectins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UOACKFBJUYNSLK-XRKIENNPSA-N Estradiol Cypionate Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H](C4=CC=C(O)C=C4CC3)CC[C@@]21C)C(=O)CCC1CCCC1 UOACKFBJUYNSLK-XRKIENNPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002061 L-isoleucyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])[C@]([H])(C(=O)[*])[C@](C([H])([H])[H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 240000000233 Melia azedarach Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010039509 Scab Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920004890 Triton X-100 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002421 anti-septic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000709 aorta Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002473 artificial blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013405 beer Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000023555 blood coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002808 connective tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005421 electrostatic potential Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000411 inducer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002751 lymph Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- BALXUFOVQVENIU-KXNXZCPBSA-N pseudoephedrine hydrochloride Chemical compound [H+].[Cl-].CN[C@@H](C)[C@@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1 BALXUFOVQVENIU-KXNXZCPBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008279 sol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029663 wound healing Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/14—Macromolecular materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/04—Hollow or tubular parts of organs, e.g. bladders, tracheae, bronchi or bile ducts
- A61F2/06—Blood vessels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/14—Macromolecular materials
- A61L27/18—Macromolecular materials obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB440776A GB1577221A (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1976-02-04 | Vascular prosthesis |
| GB4407/76 | 1976-02-04 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1103867A true CA1103867A (en) | 1981-06-30 |
Family
ID=9776627
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA271,362A Expired CA1103867A (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1977-02-04 | Vascular prosthesis produced from electrostatically spun fibres |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS52110977A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| CA (1) | CA1103867A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE2704771C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FR (1) | FR2340079A2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB1577221A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| NL (1) | NL7701137A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Families Citing this family (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4340091A (en) * | 1975-05-07 | 1982-07-20 | Albany International Corp. | Elastomeric sheet materials for heart valve and other prosthetic implants |
| DE2806030C2 (de) * | 1978-02-14 | 1984-02-02 | B. Braun Melsungen Ag, 3508 Melsungen | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer schlauchförmigen Blutgefäßprothese |
| DE2960875D1 (en) * | 1978-04-19 | 1981-12-10 | Ici Plc | A method of preparing a tubular product by electrostatic spinning |
| EP0010865B1 (en) * | 1978-10-10 | 1984-09-12 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Product adapted for transcutaneous use |
| EP0009941B2 (en) * | 1978-10-10 | 1987-05-27 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Production of electrostatically spun products |
| DE2965756D1 (en) * | 1978-11-20 | 1983-07-28 | Ici Plc | A process for setting a product comprising electrostatically spun fibres, and products prepared according to this process |
| FR2499848B1 (fr) * | 1981-02-18 | 1985-07-05 | Biotrol Sa Lab | Prothese vasculaire et dispositif pour sa mise en place |
| FR2522696B1 (fr) * | 1982-03-05 | 1986-04-11 | Ontario Research Foundation | Materiau polymere poreux de forme tubulaire utilisable notamment comme prothese vasculaire et son procede de fabrication |
| GB2181207B (en) * | 1985-10-04 | 1990-05-23 | Ethicon Inc | Improvements in electrostatically produced structures and methods of manufacturing thereof |
| JPS6464649A (en) * | 1987-09-04 | 1989-03-10 | Ube Industries | Artificial blood vessel |
| JPH05161708A (ja) | 1991-12-18 | 1993-06-29 | Terumo Corp | 人工血管 |
| FR2737664B1 (fr) * | 1995-08-08 | 1998-12-24 | Vascor Inc | Procede pour la production d'un dispositif implantable hemocompatible, et dispositif implantable ainsi produit |
| CA2520958C (en) | 2003-03-31 | 2011-08-09 | Teijin Limited | Composite of support matrix and collagen, and method for production of support matrix and composite |
| BR112012010678A2 (pt) * | 2009-11-05 | 2019-09-24 | Nonwotecc Medical Gmbh | tecido não tecido para uso médico e processo para sua preparação |
| US11541154B2 (en) | 2012-09-19 | 2023-01-03 | Merit Medical Systems, Inc. | Electrospun material covered medical appliances and methods of manufacture |
| EP4417225A3 (en) | 2015-02-26 | 2024-11-13 | Merit Medical Systems, Inc. | Layered medical appliances and methods |
| EP4297813A4 (en) | 2021-02-26 | 2025-01-15 | Merit Medical Systems, Inc. | FIBER CONSTRUCTS WITH PARTICLES OF THERAPEUTIC MATERIAL |
| CN114832162B (zh) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-12-13 | 浙江大学 | 一种基于顺应性匹配的双层小口径人工血管的制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3588920A (en) * | 1969-09-05 | 1971-06-29 | Sigmund A Wesolowski | Surgical vascular prostheses formed of polyester fiber paper |
| JPS5320049B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1973-12-25 | 1978-06-24 | ||
| AR205110A1 (es) * | 1974-04-02 | 1976-04-05 | Gore & Ass | Protesis vascular artificial |
-
1976
- 1976-02-04 GB GB440776A patent/GB1577221A/en not_active Expired
-
1977
- 1977-02-03 FR FR7703079A patent/FR2340079A2/fr active Granted
- 1977-02-03 NL NL7701137A patent/NL7701137A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-02-04 DE DE19772704771 patent/DE2704771C2/de not_active Expired
- 1977-02-04 JP JP1152177A patent/JPS52110977A/ja active Granted
- 1977-02-04 CA CA271,362A patent/CA1103867A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL7701137A (nl) | 1977-08-08 |
| DE2704771A1 (de) | 1977-08-18 |
| GB1577221A (en) | 1980-10-22 |
| JPS52110977A (en) | 1977-09-17 |
| FR2340079A2 (fr) | 1977-09-02 |
| DE2704771C2 (de) | 1986-09-04 |
| FR2340079B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1981-04-30 |
| JPS6211861B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1987-03-14 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |