CA1102165A - Liquid developer containing a crude rubber and a toner coated with two resins and a polarity imparting dye - Google Patents
Liquid developer containing a crude rubber and a toner coated with two resins and a polarity imparting dyeInfo
- Publication number
- CA1102165A CA1102165A CA290,711A CA290711A CA1102165A CA 1102165 A CA1102165 A CA 1102165A CA 290711 A CA290711 A CA 290711A CA 1102165 A CA1102165 A CA 1102165A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- dye
- crude rubber
- liquid
- carrier liquid
- polarity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- Liquid Developers In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Wet Developing In Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
LIQUID DEVELOPER
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A liquid developer suitable for use in electro-photography is composed of a highly insulating carrier liquid, toner particles comprising pigment particles that are coated with resin soluble in the carrier liquid and resin insoluble in the carrier liquid and dye functioning as a polarity impart-ing agent, and a crude rubber that is opposite in polarity to the dye. The toner particles and the crude rubber are mixed in the carrier liquid and the degree of charge and the charge characteristics of the liquid developer can be varied by controlling the relative amounts of dye and crude rubber.
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A liquid developer suitable for use in electro-photography is composed of a highly insulating carrier liquid, toner particles comprising pigment particles that are coated with resin soluble in the carrier liquid and resin insoluble in the carrier liquid and dye functioning as a polarity impart-ing agent, and a crude rubber that is opposite in polarity to the dye. The toner particles and the crude rubber are mixed in the carrier liquid and the degree of charge and the charge characteristics of the liquid developer can be varied by controlling the relative amounts of dye and crude rubber.
Description
This invention relates to a liquid developer for use in a liquid developing method as in electrophotography or the like. An object of an aspect of this invention is to provide a liquid developing method in which the degree of charge of the toner particles and the charge polarity of the toner particles may be altered in a controlled way.
In accordance with one aspect of this invention there is provided a liquid developer comprising a highly insulating carrier li~uid; toner particles comprising pigment particles coated with resin soluble in the carrier liquid, resin insoluble in the carrier liquid and dye functioning as a polarity imparting agent; and a crude rubber of opposite polarity to the polarity of the dye, said toner particles and crude rubber being mixed in said carrier liquid.
The resin soluble in the carrier liquid and the dye of the liquid developer thus constituted are solved in the toner surface from the interior of the toner particles so as to impart the polarity of the dye to the toner particles. On the other hand, the crude rubber is dissolved in the carrier liquid to surround the circumference of the toner particles because the crude rubber has an opposite polarity to that of the dye. As a consequence~ the degree of charge and the charge characteristic of the toner particles can be altered arbitrarily under control by controlling the amounts of dye and crude rubber employed. For e~ample, if the amount of crude rubber is maintained constant, while the amount of the dye is increased, the toner particles will adopt the charge characteristic imparted by the dye, whereas if the amount of the dye is decreased, the toner particles will adopt the charge characteristic imparted by the crude rubber. If the ~2- ~
1~3~;5 difference between the amount of rubber and the amount of dye is increased, the charge of the toner particles will become ~;; larger, while if the difference therebetween is decreased, the charge of the toner particles will become smaller.
The manufacturing process of the liquid develop-er of this invention now will be described.
The pigment particles, resin soluble in the carrier liquid, resin insoluble in the carrier liquid and dye ` are dissolved in a solvent consisting of liquid soluble in water for solving them and liquid insoluble in water for solvin~
them.
; The toner solution thus produced is poured into water or 5 to 10% v/v aqueous isopropyl alcohol solution, and ~` the mixture solution then is stirred.
Toner particles in small spherical state are formed in the liquid due to the hydrophobic property of the liquid that is insoluble in waterO The solution is filtered so as to remove these spherical toner particles which are pigment particles coated with resin soluble in carrier liquid, resin insoluble in carrier liquid and dye.
The toner particles and the crude rubber are mixed in the carrier liquid so as to form a liquid developer.
The carrier liquid is highly insulating and thus may have a high electric resistance of the order of greater than 1014 ~ cm. The carrier liquid also dissolves crude rubber and may employ liquid of fatty or alicyclic hydrocarbon group. For example, the carrier liquid may include *
ISOPAR-H (Esso S.A.F.) ISOPAR-G ( "
CHELLSOL (Shell Oil Company) * trade marks ~Z~6i5 :
.~., *
PEGASOL ~Mobil Oil Corp.) ~ *
SWASOL (Maruzen Oil Co., Ltd.) The pigment may be carbon black coated with resin insoluble in the carrier liquid. The pigment may be,for example, graphitic carbon and the like. Specifically, the pig-ment may include MICROLITH C-K (Ciba-Geigy AG) MICROLITH C-T ( "
As a resin functioning to accelerate the bonding of the pigment to the crude rubber is a substance soluble in the carxier liquid such as, for example, acrylic resins.
; Specifically, the resin may include ACRYBASE MM 2005 (Fujikura Kasei Co., Ltd.) As to the dye, there may be selected a substance exhibiting opposite polarity to that of the crude rubber in the carrier liquid. For example, the dye may include oil soluble dye such as:
oil black, nigrosine, crystal violet, Fast Black, etc.
The crude rubber may be the type called "pale crepe".
Some Examples now will be described by way of illustration only.
Example 1 ( 1) MICROLITH C--K 10 g
In accordance with one aspect of this invention there is provided a liquid developer comprising a highly insulating carrier li~uid; toner particles comprising pigment particles coated with resin soluble in the carrier liquid, resin insoluble in the carrier liquid and dye functioning as a polarity imparting agent; and a crude rubber of opposite polarity to the polarity of the dye, said toner particles and crude rubber being mixed in said carrier liquid.
The resin soluble in the carrier liquid and the dye of the liquid developer thus constituted are solved in the toner surface from the interior of the toner particles so as to impart the polarity of the dye to the toner particles. On the other hand, the crude rubber is dissolved in the carrier liquid to surround the circumference of the toner particles because the crude rubber has an opposite polarity to that of the dye. As a consequence~ the degree of charge and the charge characteristic of the toner particles can be altered arbitrarily under control by controlling the amounts of dye and crude rubber employed. For e~ample, if the amount of crude rubber is maintained constant, while the amount of the dye is increased, the toner particles will adopt the charge characteristic imparted by the dye, whereas if the amount of the dye is decreased, the toner particles will adopt the charge characteristic imparted by the crude rubber. If the ~2- ~
1~3~;5 difference between the amount of rubber and the amount of dye is increased, the charge of the toner particles will become ~;; larger, while if the difference therebetween is decreased, the charge of the toner particles will become smaller.
The manufacturing process of the liquid develop-er of this invention now will be described.
The pigment particles, resin soluble in the carrier liquid, resin insoluble in the carrier liquid and dye ` are dissolved in a solvent consisting of liquid soluble in water for solving them and liquid insoluble in water for solvin~
them.
; The toner solution thus produced is poured into water or 5 to 10% v/v aqueous isopropyl alcohol solution, and ~` the mixture solution then is stirred.
Toner particles in small spherical state are formed in the liquid due to the hydrophobic property of the liquid that is insoluble in waterO The solution is filtered so as to remove these spherical toner particles which are pigment particles coated with resin soluble in carrier liquid, resin insoluble in carrier liquid and dye.
The toner particles and the crude rubber are mixed in the carrier liquid so as to form a liquid developer.
The carrier liquid is highly insulating and thus may have a high electric resistance of the order of greater than 1014 ~ cm. The carrier liquid also dissolves crude rubber and may employ liquid of fatty or alicyclic hydrocarbon group. For example, the carrier liquid may include *
ISOPAR-H (Esso S.A.F.) ISOPAR-G ( "
CHELLSOL (Shell Oil Company) * trade marks ~Z~6i5 :
.~., *
PEGASOL ~Mobil Oil Corp.) ~ *
SWASOL (Maruzen Oil Co., Ltd.) The pigment may be carbon black coated with resin insoluble in the carrier liquid. The pigment may be,for example, graphitic carbon and the like. Specifically, the pig-ment may include MICROLITH C-K (Ciba-Geigy AG) MICROLITH C-T ( "
As a resin functioning to accelerate the bonding of the pigment to the crude rubber is a substance soluble in the carxier liquid such as, for example, acrylic resins.
; Specifically, the resin may include ACRYBASE MM 2005 (Fujikura Kasei Co., Ltd.) As to the dye, there may be selected a substance exhibiting opposite polarity to that of the crude rubber in the carrier liquid. For example, the dye may include oil soluble dye such as:
oil black, nigrosine, crystal violet, Fast Black, etc.
The crude rubber may be the type called "pale crepe".
Some Examples now will be described by way of illustration only.
Example 1 ( 1) MICROLITH C--K 10 g
(2) ACRYBASE MM 2005 0.6 g 30 (3) oil black 0.06 g ~4) crude rubber 0.2 g * trade marks z~L~s * *
-~ (1) MICROLITH C-K, (2) ACRYBASE MM 2005, and .~ .
: (3) oil black were dissolved in a mixed solution of 15 g of ` trichloroethylene and 300 g of tetrahydrofuran. Approximately 100 ml of the resulting solution was dispersed in a mixer containing 1,600 ml of 10% aqueous isopropyl alcohol solution.
The solution thus dispersed was poured into 2,000 ml of 10~
a~ueous isopropyl alcohol solution and agitated for approximate-ly l hour.
After agitation the solution was applied to a centrifugal separator and was centrifugally separated at an acceleration of 3,000 g for approximately 3 minute~. The supernatant liquid of the solution was removed, and the precip-` itate thereof was vacuum dried for several hours.
- The powder thus obtained by vacuum drying was kneaded with a spatula in OSOPAR-H liquid and crude rubber and was dispersed in the ISOP~R-H liquid to obtain a liquid developer.
The polarity of the developer thus obtained was negative. The curve of the surface potential versus the image 2-0 concentration showed a substantially rectilinear relationship between 0 and 100 volts. When the picture image was developed under conditions of distance between the opposi'ce developing electrodes o~ l mm and developing time of 10 sec., the image concentration or density was in high transmitting density, such as 0.8 in latent image of +50 volts and l.9 of +100 volts on the Mylar of 100 microns. The volumetric resistance of the image also exhihited high resistance, such as 1 X 10 ~cm - of the resistance value at one minute after 100 volts were applied thereto.
* trade marks 2~S
In addition, using a chamber employing CC14 liquid as an X-ray absorbent, the image was projected with X-ray of aluminum echelon grating of 1 mm. difference and 10 stages.
The chamber was composed of an aluminum electrode and an ` aluminum plate disposed oppositely to the aluminum electrode *
at an interval of 1 ~n coated with a Mylar film of 100 microns as an image receiving film together with CC14 liquid filled in the space of 1 mm. therebetween.
The aluminum electrode was grounded, and a high voltage of -8 KV was applied to the image receiving film. Then 75 KVP of tube voltage was applied to 1 m. from line voltage supply, and X-rays in the amo~nt of 10 MAS were projected to the ~ilm so as to produce a positive image of aluminum echelon grating on the film. When this latent image was developed with - the liquid developer produced according to this invention, the concentration difference of 10 stages could clearly be observed.
In addition, PET film 15 microns thick was provided on an electroconductive substrate, and 500 volts was applied between a needle electrode and the substrate. Thus, ~- 20 the image was investigated in recording with the needle electrode so that the image was developed with the above devel-oper with the result that the portion o~ the image of 150 volts as the image potential obtained 1~8 of optical image con~entra-tion with this developing.
Example 2 *
(1) MICROLITH C-K 10 g ; (2) ACRYBASE MM 2005 0u6 g
-~ (1) MICROLITH C-K, (2) ACRYBASE MM 2005, and .~ .
: (3) oil black were dissolved in a mixed solution of 15 g of ` trichloroethylene and 300 g of tetrahydrofuran. Approximately 100 ml of the resulting solution was dispersed in a mixer containing 1,600 ml of 10% aqueous isopropyl alcohol solution.
The solution thus dispersed was poured into 2,000 ml of 10~
a~ueous isopropyl alcohol solution and agitated for approximate-ly l hour.
After agitation the solution was applied to a centrifugal separator and was centrifugally separated at an acceleration of 3,000 g for approximately 3 minute~. The supernatant liquid of the solution was removed, and the precip-` itate thereof was vacuum dried for several hours.
- The powder thus obtained by vacuum drying was kneaded with a spatula in OSOPAR-H liquid and crude rubber and was dispersed in the ISOP~R-H liquid to obtain a liquid developer.
The polarity of the developer thus obtained was negative. The curve of the surface potential versus the image 2-0 concentration showed a substantially rectilinear relationship between 0 and 100 volts. When the picture image was developed under conditions of distance between the opposi'ce developing electrodes o~ l mm and developing time of 10 sec., the image concentration or density was in high transmitting density, such as 0.8 in latent image of +50 volts and l.9 of +100 volts on the Mylar of 100 microns. The volumetric resistance of the image also exhihited high resistance, such as 1 X 10 ~cm - of the resistance value at one minute after 100 volts were applied thereto.
* trade marks 2~S
In addition, using a chamber employing CC14 liquid as an X-ray absorbent, the image was projected with X-ray of aluminum echelon grating of 1 mm. difference and 10 stages.
The chamber was composed of an aluminum electrode and an ` aluminum plate disposed oppositely to the aluminum electrode *
at an interval of 1 ~n coated with a Mylar film of 100 microns as an image receiving film together with CC14 liquid filled in the space of 1 mm. therebetween.
The aluminum electrode was grounded, and a high voltage of -8 KV was applied to the image receiving film. Then 75 KVP of tube voltage was applied to 1 m. from line voltage supply, and X-rays in the amo~nt of 10 MAS were projected to the ~ilm so as to produce a positive image of aluminum echelon grating on the film. When this latent image was developed with - the liquid developer produced according to this invention, the concentration difference of 10 stages could clearly be observed.
In addition, PET film 15 microns thick was provided on an electroconductive substrate, and 500 volts was applied between a needle electrode and the substrate. Thus, ~- 20 the image was investigated in recording with the needle electrode so that the image was developed with the above devel-oper with the result that the portion o~ the image of 150 volts as the image potential obtained 1~8 of optical image con~entra-tion with this developing.
Example 2 *
(1) MICROLITH C-K 10 g ; (2) ACRYBASE MM 2005 0u6 g
(3) oil black 0.3 g
(4) crude rubber 0.1 g * trade marks .': ' -The liquid developer was produced in the same manneras that disclosed in the aforementioned Example 1 using the ; above components so as to obtain a developer of positive polarity. The properties of the developer thus produced also were measured by producing a negative image according to the method similar to that disclosed in Example 1, and substantial-ly the same results as those in Example 1 were obtained.
It should be understood from the foregoing descrip-tion that the degree of charge and the charge characteristic of the toner particles can be altered arbitrarily under control by increasing or decreasing the amounts of the dye and the crude rubber.
~' '
It should be understood from the foregoing descrip-tion that the degree of charge and the charge characteristic of the toner particles can be altered arbitrarily under control by increasing or decreasing the amounts of the dye and the crude rubber.
~' '
Claims
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A liquid developer comprising a highly insulating carrier liquid; toner particles comprising pigment particles coated with resin soluble in the carrier liquid, resin insoluble in the carrier liquid and dye functioning as a polarity imparting agent; and a crude rubber of opposite polarity to the polarity of the dye, said toner particles and crude rubber being mixed in said carrier liquid.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP51-137834 | 1976-11-18 | ||
| JP51137834A JPS5858665B2 (en) | 1976-11-18 | 1976-11-18 | liquid developer |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1102165A true CA1102165A (en) | 1981-06-02 |
Family
ID=15207911
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA290,711A Expired CA1102165A (en) | 1976-11-18 | 1977-11-14 | Liquid developer containing a crude rubber and a toner coated with two resins and a polarity imparting dye |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5858665B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1102165A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57162475A (en) * | 1981-03-31 | 1982-10-06 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Photoelectromotive element and manufacture thereof |
| JPS58208885A (en) * | 1982-05-31 | 1983-12-05 | Seikosha Co Ltd | Program card and its manufacture |
-
1976
- 1976-11-18 JP JP51137834A patent/JPS5858665B2/en not_active Expired
-
1977
- 1977-11-14 CA CA290,711A patent/CA1102165A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5858665B2 (en) | 1983-12-26 |
| JPS5363024A (en) | 1978-06-06 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4108786A (en) | Magnetic dry developer for electrostatic photography and process for preparation thereof | |
| EP0651894B1 (en) | Electrically stabilized liquid toners | |
| US4264698A (en) | Developer for electrostatic photography and process for preparation thereof | |
| US4564574A (en) | Liquid developer for development of electrostatic images | |
| US4663265A (en) | Liquid electrophoretic developer composition | |
| EP0176629B1 (en) | Liquid developer for development of electrostatic images | |
| US3438904A (en) | Liquid toner | |
| US4525446A (en) | Liquid developer for development of electrostatic images comprising onium salt polymer and an anion | |
| DE1928452A1 (en) | Liquid developer for electrophotography and electrostatic recording | |
| US3749670A (en) | Electrostatic liquid developer containing dye coated carbon particles | |
| GB1567824A (en) | Toner for developing latent electrostatic images and a process for the preparation thereof | |
| CA1102165A (en) | Liquid developer containing a crude rubber and a toner coated with two resins and a polarity imparting dye | |
| US4147812A (en) | Electrophoretic development | |
| US4138351A (en) | Electrophoretic liquid developer containing a metal alkyl sulphonate | |
| DE2461807B2 (en) | Polyester-containing toner for electrostatographic developers | |
| US4789613A (en) | Electrostatic image developing toner with high dielectric material | |
| EP0254436B1 (en) | Magnetic brush developer for electrophotography | |
| US3793234A (en) | Liquid developer composition | |
| US4061582A (en) | Resinous pigment toner and liquid developer containing polyvinyl acetate coated on the pigment | |
| US4123374A (en) | Electrophoretic development | |
| US5206107A (en) | Siloxane surfactants as liquid developer additives | |
| US4055684A (en) | Coated carrier particles for use in electrophotographic process | |
| US3505231A (en) | Liquid developer for xerography | |
| JP2001312136A (en) | Toner carrier and method for manufacturing the same | |
| US3674693A (en) | Reversal electrostatic toner composition |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |