CA1098826A - Chlorhexidine and/or salt thereof hydrophobic ointments - Google Patents
Chlorhexidine and/or salt thereof hydrophobic ointmentsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1098826A CA1098826A CA296,603A CA296603A CA1098826A CA 1098826 A CA1098826 A CA 1098826A CA 296603 A CA296603 A CA 296603A CA 1098826 A CA1098826 A CA 1098826A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- chlorhexidine
- surfactant
- salt
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0014—Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/26—Carbohydrates, e.g. sugar alcohols, amino sugars, nucleic acids, mono-, di- or oligo-saccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates, sorbitan fatty acid esters or glycyrrhizin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
- A61K8/43—Guanidines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q17/00—Barrier preparations; Preparations brought into direct contact with the skin for affording protection against external influences, e.g. sunlight, X-rays or other harmful rays, corrosive materials, bacteria or insect stings
- A61Q17/005—Antimicrobial preparations
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/08—Means for preventing radiation, e.g. with metal foil
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE:
The invention is concerned with a hydrophobic ointment composition, comprising a hydrophobic ointment base having dispersed therein a non-ionic, water-insoluble, non-antimicrobial surfactant having an HLB in the range of 1.0 to 9.0 and chlorhexidine and/or a salt thereof. The composition of the invention is particularly useful for the treatment of open wounds and burns.
The invention is concerned with a hydrophobic ointment composition, comprising a hydrophobic ointment base having dispersed therein a non-ionic, water-insoluble, non-antimicrobial surfactant having an HLB in the range of 1.0 to 9.0 and chlorhexidine and/or a salt thereof. The composition of the invention is particularly useful for the treatment of open wounds and burns.
Description
This invention relates to hydrophobic ointments containing antimicrobials.
In the treatment of open wounds and ~urns, it is commonly required to cover the exposed area with a hydrophobic ointment, often applied in the form of a tulle or like dressing impregnated with the ointment. In many cases, these ointments contain antimicrobial substances to cor~bat microbial infection.
Thus, for example, antibiotics such as framycetin, neomycin or ; fucidin are used in such ointments; however the widespread topical use of antibiotics may lead to the development of resistant strains of patho~ens and it is often thou~ht to be more desirable to use a synthetic antimicrobial substance.
On the other hand, a number o~ synthetic antimicrobial notably chlorhexidine and its salts, tend to be inactivated by serum so that their effectiveness in the treatment of open wounds and burns, where a great deal of serum is present~ is greatly reduced.
We have now found, however, that it is possible to `
potentiate the effectiveness of a hydrophobic ointment containing chlorhexidine and/or a salt thereof by incorporating into the ointment a non-ionic, water-insoluble, non-antimicrobial surfactant having an HLB in the range of 1.0 to 9Ø
Accordinglyr the present invention provides a hydro-phobic ointment base having dispersed therein a non-ionic, water-insoluble, non-antimicrobial suractant having an HLB in the range of 1.0 to 9.0 and chlorhexidine and/or a salt thereof.
Chlorhexidine and its salts (e.g. the mineral acid salts such as the dihydrochloride, and the organic acid salts such as the diacetate and digluconate) are known to be severely inactivated by serum and similar organic matter of the type abundantly present on the surfaces of burns and wounds.
We have found that chlorhexidine and its salts are in fact also reduced in activity by surfactants over a wide HLB (Hydrophilic, Lipolytic, Balance) range, as are many other ,-~
In the treatment of open wounds and ~urns, it is commonly required to cover the exposed area with a hydrophobic ointment, often applied in the form of a tulle or like dressing impregnated with the ointment. In many cases, these ointments contain antimicrobial substances to cor~bat microbial infection.
Thus, for example, antibiotics such as framycetin, neomycin or ; fucidin are used in such ointments; however the widespread topical use of antibiotics may lead to the development of resistant strains of patho~ens and it is often thou~ht to be more desirable to use a synthetic antimicrobial substance.
On the other hand, a number o~ synthetic antimicrobial notably chlorhexidine and its salts, tend to be inactivated by serum so that their effectiveness in the treatment of open wounds and burns, where a great deal of serum is present~ is greatly reduced.
We have now found, however, that it is possible to `
potentiate the effectiveness of a hydrophobic ointment containing chlorhexidine and/or a salt thereof by incorporating into the ointment a non-ionic, water-insoluble, non-antimicrobial surfactant having an HLB in the range of 1.0 to 9Ø
Accordinglyr the present invention provides a hydro-phobic ointment base having dispersed therein a non-ionic, water-insoluble, non-antimicrobial suractant having an HLB in the range of 1.0 to 9.0 and chlorhexidine and/or a salt thereof.
Chlorhexidine and its salts (e.g. the mineral acid salts such as the dihydrochloride, and the organic acid salts such as the diacetate and digluconate) are known to be severely inactivated by serum and similar organic matter of the type abundantly present on the surfaces of burns and wounds.
We have found that chlorhexidine and its salts are in fact also reduced in activity by surfactants over a wide HLB (Hydrophilic, Lipolytic, Balance) range, as are many other ,-~
2~;
, ~
drugs, so that an initial -test leads to the conclusion that incorporation of a surfactant in the formulation would increase the inactivation produced by the serum. Our experiments suggest however that the surfactant and serum act synergistically in releasing the chlorhexidine ~`rom the base and it is surprising that this enhanced release greatly outweighs the combined inactivating effects of the serum and the surfactant on the chlorhexidine~ Although theoretical studies of the in~luence of surfactants on the release of drugs has been reported, in the case of the drug most closely resembling chlorhexidine, namely the phenolic antimicrobiaI hexachlorophene, the release of the medicament was substantially unchanged by incorporation of surfactants over a wide ~B range and indeed on average was marginally decreased. The effect of serum on such release has not been reported. In contrast, the rate of release of chlorhexidine from the compositions according to the lnvention is very marked both in the presence and absence of serum.
;~ Thus, for example, the reIease of chlorhexidine diacetate from a 0.5% suspension in white soft paraE~in into serum in 24 hours was 14.6,ug/ml in the absence of surfactant and bet~een 80~0 and 334 ,ug/ml in the presence of various surfactants at a concentration of 1%. The results ~urther show that the effectiveness of the ointment compositions against Staphylococcus aureus and other microorganisms in the usual antimicrobical spectrum of chlorhexidine is greatly increased by the incorporation of surfactant. Thus, paraffin compositions containing chlorhexidine salts without surfactant tend to release the chlorhexidine at levels below the minimum inhibitory concentration relative to many common pathogenic ~ 30 microorganisms whereas by incorporation of surfactant in - accordance with the invention these minimum inhibitory concentrations can readily be exceeded.
The surfactants to be used in the compositions of the present invention have HI.B values varying ~rom 1.0 to 9Ø
The HLB of the surfactants used in the presen~ compositions is preferably greater than 2Ø Especially useful classes of surfactants are the long chain esters of sugars and sugar alcohols. In such surfactants, the sugar moiety may for example be sucrose or glucose while suitable sugar alcohols include mannitol and sorbitol. The acids from which the long chain esters may be formed preferably contain 12 to 20 carbon atoms, examples being lauric, oleic, stearic and palmitic acidsO
In general the esters are monoesters. The surfactant may be a single compound or a mixture. Also useful are the polyoxy-ethylene derivatives of such sugar alcohols and their esters;
these may, for example, have about 20 oxyethylene units. The surfactants of this type generally have higher HLB values than the simple esters of sugar alcohols~
.
The concentration of the surfactant in the composition is desirably less than 10% by weight. Higher concentrations may significantly reduce the hydrophobic character of the ointments and permit substantial water absorption, as in the absorption bases which are generally unsuitable for use in the same way as the present hydrophobic ointments. The concentration of surfactant is preferably below 5% by weight and is advantageously kept below 2% by weight. Surfactant concentrations as low as 0.1% by weight have proved effective, preferred concentrations however being above 0.5% by weight.
The concentrati-on of antimicrobial substance in the -~
OintmeDt will depend on its activity ~nd the physical charac-c~
.
teristics both of the antimicrobial substance and of theointment. In the case of chlorhexidine and it~ salts, the concentration in the ointment is preferably above 0.01% by weight, more preferably above 0.1% by weight and is preferably no-t greater than 2.0% by weight, more preferably not greater - than 1.0% by weight, although upper limits will be determined more by considerations of economy rather than physiological effect.
The ointment base is conveniently a soft paraffin base which in general will be a mixture of paraffin waxes and possibly oils having the re~uired ointment consistency. White soft paraffin is preferred. Other hydrophobic substances may also be present.
As indicated above, the ointment may conveniently be supported on a tulle or similar fabric so as to provide a continuous layer of ointment which can readily be handled and applied. The fabric will, of course, be sterile as will the whole composition. The material is conveniently provided in sterile sachets each containing a single sheet of impregnated fabric.
The ointment according to the invention may be prepared simply by stirring the various components into molten paraffin or other ointment base.
The following Examples are given by way of illustra-tion only:
Example 1 Chlorhexidine acetate 0.5% w/w Sorbitan mono-oleate 1.0% w/w White soft paraffin 98.5% w/w Example 2 Chlorhexidine hydrochloride1O0% w/w Sorbitan monopalmitate 2.0% w/w 2~
``
Yellow soft paraffin 97.0% w/w i:~:
Example 3 Chlorhexidine hydrochloride1.0% w/w Sorbitan monopalmitate 1.0% w/w White soft paraffin 98.0% w/w
, ~
drugs, so that an initial -test leads to the conclusion that incorporation of a surfactant in the formulation would increase the inactivation produced by the serum. Our experiments suggest however that the surfactant and serum act synergistically in releasing the chlorhexidine ~`rom the base and it is surprising that this enhanced release greatly outweighs the combined inactivating effects of the serum and the surfactant on the chlorhexidine~ Although theoretical studies of the in~luence of surfactants on the release of drugs has been reported, in the case of the drug most closely resembling chlorhexidine, namely the phenolic antimicrobiaI hexachlorophene, the release of the medicament was substantially unchanged by incorporation of surfactants over a wide ~B range and indeed on average was marginally decreased. The effect of serum on such release has not been reported. In contrast, the rate of release of chlorhexidine from the compositions according to the lnvention is very marked both in the presence and absence of serum.
;~ Thus, for example, the reIease of chlorhexidine diacetate from a 0.5% suspension in white soft paraE~in into serum in 24 hours was 14.6,ug/ml in the absence of surfactant and bet~een 80~0 and 334 ,ug/ml in the presence of various surfactants at a concentration of 1%. The results ~urther show that the effectiveness of the ointment compositions against Staphylococcus aureus and other microorganisms in the usual antimicrobical spectrum of chlorhexidine is greatly increased by the incorporation of surfactant. Thus, paraffin compositions containing chlorhexidine salts without surfactant tend to release the chlorhexidine at levels below the minimum inhibitory concentration relative to many common pathogenic ~ 30 microorganisms whereas by incorporation of surfactant in - accordance with the invention these minimum inhibitory concentrations can readily be exceeded.
The surfactants to be used in the compositions of the present invention have HI.B values varying ~rom 1.0 to 9Ø
The HLB of the surfactants used in the presen~ compositions is preferably greater than 2Ø Especially useful classes of surfactants are the long chain esters of sugars and sugar alcohols. In such surfactants, the sugar moiety may for example be sucrose or glucose while suitable sugar alcohols include mannitol and sorbitol. The acids from which the long chain esters may be formed preferably contain 12 to 20 carbon atoms, examples being lauric, oleic, stearic and palmitic acidsO
In general the esters are monoesters. The surfactant may be a single compound or a mixture. Also useful are the polyoxy-ethylene derivatives of such sugar alcohols and their esters;
these may, for example, have about 20 oxyethylene units. The surfactants of this type generally have higher HLB values than the simple esters of sugar alcohols~
.
The concentration of the surfactant in the composition is desirably less than 10% by weight. Higher concentrations may significantly reduce the hydrophobic character of the ointments and permit substantial water absorption, as in the absorption bases which are generally unsuitable for use in the same way as the present hydrophobic ointments. The concentration of surfactant is preferably below 5% by weight and is advantageously kept below 2% by weight. Surfactant concentrations as low as 0.1% by weight have proved effective, preferred concentrations however being above 0.5% by weight.
The concentrati-on of antimicrobial substance in the -~
OintmeDt will depend on its activity ~nd the physical charac-c~
.
teristics both of the antimicrobial substance and of theointment. In the case of chlorhexidine and it~ salts, the concentration in the ointment is preferably above 0.01% by weight, more preferably above 0.1% by weight and is preferably no-t greater than 2.0% by weight, more preferably not greater - than 1.0% by weight, although upper limits will be determined more by considerations of economy rather than physiological effect.
The ointment base is conveniently a soft paraffin base which in general will be a mixture of paraffin waxes and possibly oils having the re~uired ointment consistency. White soft paraffin is preferred. Other hydrophobic substances may also be present.
As indicated above, the ointment may conveniently be supported on a tulle or similar fabric so as to provide a continuous layer of ointment which can readily be handled and applied. The fabric will, of course, be sterile as will the whole composition. The material is conveniently provided in sterile sachets each containing a single sheet of impregnated fabric.
The ointment according to the invention may be prepared simply by stirring the various components into molten paraffin or other ointment base.
The following Examples are given by way of illustra-tion only:
Example 1 Chlorhexidine acetate 0.5% w/w Sorbitan mono-oleate 1.0% w/w White soft paraffin 98.5% w/w Example 2 Chlorhexidine hydrochloride1O0% w/w Sorbitan monopalmitate 2.0% w/w 2~
``
Yellow soft paraffin 97.0% w/w i:~:
Example 3 Chlorhexidine hydrochloride1.0% w/w Sorbitan monopalmitate 1.0% w/w White soft paraffin 98.0% w/w
Claims (11)
1. A hydrophobic ointment composition for the treatment of open wounds and burns, comprising a hydrophobic ointment base having dispersed therein a non-ionic, water-insoluble, non-antimicrobial surfactant having an HLB value in the range of 1.0 to 9.0 and chlorhexidine and/or salt thereof.
2. A composition as claimed in claim 1, in which the surfactant is a long chain ester of a sugar or sugar alcohol.
3. A composition as claimed in claim 2, in which the surfactant is a mono-ester of sorbitol or mannitol with fatty acid having 12 to 20 carbon atoms.
4. A composition as claimed in claims 1, 2 or 3, in which the concentration of surfactant is 0.1% to 10% by weight of the composition.
5. A composition as claimed in claims 1, 2 or 3, in which the concentration of surfactant is 0.1% to 2.0% by weight of the composition.
6. A composition as claimed in claims 1, 2 or 3, in which the chlorhexidine salt is the dihydrochloride, diacetate or digluconate.
7. A composition as claimed in claims 1, 2 or 3, in which the concentration of chlorhexidine and/or a salt thereof is 0.01% to 5% by weight of the composition.
8. A composition as claimed in claims 1, 2 or 3, in which the concentration of chlorhexidine and/or a salt thereof is 0.1% to 2.0% by weight of the composition.
9. A composition as claimed in claims 1, 2 or 3, in which the hydrophobic ointment base is soft paraffin.
10. A composition as claimed in claim 1, supported on fabric.
11. A composition as claimed in claim 10, in which the fabric is tulle.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB5159/77 | 1977-02-08 | ||
| GB5159/77A GB1599159A (en) | 1977-02-08 | 1977-02-08 | Pharmaceutical compositions containing chlorhexidine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1098826A true CA1098826A (en) | 1981-04-07 |
Family
ID=9790803
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA296,603A Expired CA1098826A (en) | 1977-02-08 | 1978-02-07 | Chlorhexidine and/or salt thereof hydrophobic ointments |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS53101520A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU3306478A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE863723A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1098826A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2805248A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK55378A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2379284A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1599159A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7801464A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA78387B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10016537B2 (en) | 2012-08-28 | 2018-07-10 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Chlorhexidine gluconate compositions, resin systems and article |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0053754B1 (en) * | 1980-12-06 | 1986-04-23 | Reichert, Dietrich, Dr. med. | Drug for antagonizing snore, and method for its application |
| CA1190854A (en) * | 1981-05-09 | 1985-07-23 | John Tharratt | Dressings, manufacture and use |
| ATE97440T1 (en) * | 1984-09-26 | 1993-12-15 | Gluck Bruno A | ANTISEPTIC DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS. |
| US4920145A (en) * | 1988-02-29 | 1990-04-24 | Gaf Chemical Corporation | Water-soluble complexes of water-insoluble pharmaceutical compounds and preparation thereof |
| FR2806629B1 (en) * | 2000-03-22 | 2003-01-24 | Lhd Lab Hygiene Dietetique | ANTISEPTIC COMPRESS |
| US20150238444A1 (en) * | 2012-08-28 | 2015-08-27 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Chlorhexidine gluconate solubilized in a hydrophobic monoacylglyceride |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB901659A (en) * | 1959-11-25 | 1962-07-25 | Carolina Julia Cornelia Vintge | Ointment for the treatment of acne vulgaris |
| GB1040733A (en) * | 1964-04-22 | 1966-09-01 | Monsanto Chemicals | Mycobacteriostatic compositions |
| US3856931A (en) * | 1972-08-01 | 1974-12-24 | Schering Ag | Medicated stick |
| US3919430A (en) * | 1974-01-28 | 1975-11-11 | Akzona Inc | Water absorption base |
-
1977
- 1977-02-08 GB GB5159/77A patent/GB1599159A/en not_active Expired
-
1978
- 1978-01-11 FR FR7800660A patent/FR2379284A1/en active Granted
- 1978-01-20 ZA ZA00780387A patent/ZA78387B/en unknown
- 1978-02-07 DK DK55378A patent/DK55378A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-02-07 AU AU33064/78A patent/AU3306478A/en active Pending
- 1978-02-07 CA CA296,603A patent/CA1098826A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-02-07 BE BE184962A patent/BE863723A/en unknown
- 1978-02-08 NL NL7801464A patent/NL7801464A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-02-08 DE DE19782805248 patent/DE2805248A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1978-02-08 JP JP1253678A patent/JPS53101520A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10016537B2 (en) | 2012-08-28 | 2018-07-10 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Chlorhexidine gluconate compositions, resin systems and article |
| US10232093B2 (en) | 2012-08-28 | 2019-03-19 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Chlorhexidine gluconate compositions, resin systems and article |
| US10456509B2 (en) | 2012-08-28 | 2019-10-29 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Chlorhexidine gluconate compositions, resin systems and articles |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE863723A (en) | 1978-08-07 |
| JPS53101520A (en) | 1978-09-05 |
| GB1599159A (en) | 1981-09-30 |
| ZA78387B (en) | 1979-02-28 |
| FR2379284A1 (en) | 1978-09-01 |
| DK55378A (en) | 1978-08-09 |
| NL7801464A (en) | 1978-08-10 |
| AU3306478A (en) | 1979-08-16 |
| DE2805248A1 (en) | 1978-08-10 |
| FR2379284B1 (en) | 1981-07-10 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |