CA1097099A - Metal and brick chimney liner - Google Patents
Metal and brick chimney linerInfo
- Publication number
- CA1097099A CA1097099A CA311,411A CA311411A CA1097099A CA 1097099 A CA1097099 A CA 1097099A CA 311411 A CA311411 A CA 311411A CA 1097099 A CA1097099 A CA 1097099A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- chimney
- breeching
- tubular element
- column
- lining
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F17/00—Vertical ducts; Channels, e.g. for drainage
- E04F17/02—Vertical ducts; Channels, e.g. for drainage for carrying away waste gases, e.g. flue gases; Building elements specially designed therefor, e.g. shaped bricks or sets thereof
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT;
An insulated metal chimney lining, having constant loading spring suspension from the chimney column, is pro-vided at the lower portion of a brick chimney lining to form the breeching entry. To provide additional thermal expansion capacity, an expansion joint may be incorporated in the metal liner.
An insulated metal chimney lining, having constant loading spring suspension from the chimney column, is pro-vided at the lower portion of a brick chimney lining to form the breeching entry. To provide additional thermal expansion capacity, an expansion joint may be incorporated in the metal liner.
Description
~097099 This invention relates to chimneys having an outer co]umn, usually of reinforced concrete and an inner liner. In particular it relates to the provision of metal hreeching entries to be used with inner brick liners.
The present requirements for pollution control often require flue gas scrubbing techniques. Any unprotecte-l steel chimney liners may be subject to corrosion and therefore, coated steel liners are required. To avoid the need for such coated liners acid brick constru;ction has been employed for tall 1~ chimney linings. However, the design and construction of brick linings is not too satisfactory, especially where there are large breeching openings. Severe cracking and structural problems are caused by the discontinuities occasioned by the presence of the breeching openings and stresses in the brick piers due to non-uniform thermal gradients. In addition the differential temperature effects cause large lateral displacements at the top of the chimney, which are difficult to - restrain because of the high forces involved.
The present invention overcomes the problems of the -~ 20 brick liners while retaining the advantages thereo by combinin~
~ the brick liner with an insulated steel breeching entry and liner. As a result, rational steel construction design can be used instead of largely empirical brickwork design in the :
, , ~ :
~: .
1 .
~ 1-f ~
.
breeching region, lateral deflection at the top of the brick lining caused by non-uniform thermal expansion is reduced, high compressive stresses at the side of the breech openings are eliminated, a smaller chimney foundation is required sincc ~le overall chimney is lighter in weight, and useable space is made available at the base of the chimney.
The present invention suspends a steel liner and breeching entry at the lower part of the brick liner by fasteners which are connected to a circular ring beam supported on the chimney column, and by constant load spring hangers located at the top of the breeching duct where it passes through the concrete c!himney column. The purpose of these spring hangers is to load the ring beam as uniformly as possible.
Since most of the gas temperature imbalance exists in the vicinity of the suspended breeching, the lateral deflections at the top of the brick lining are greatly reduced. The portion of ; the liner in the vicinity of the breeching opening is in tension, eliminating high compressive stresses thereat. An expansion joint may be included to give additional thermal ~ 20 expansion capacity to the liner.
,~
In this parent application the invention comprehends an improved liner for a chimney having an outer column ~ith an ~:
.~
.
~097i~99 exterior and inner surface. The inner lining has a lower end, and breeching means joined to the lining. A breeching member comprised of an upright tubular element generally in line with the lining, and at least one lateral tubular element is provided. The lateral element extends through the outer chimney column to form a breeching entry. Sus~ensioll means coacting with the outer chimney column and the upright tubular element are provided for suspending the breeching member within the chimney at the lower end of the lining. Further a constant loading hanger means for suspending the lateral tubular element from the outer chimney column adjacent the breeching entry is also provided. Further the breeching member may be insulated and may have at least two lateral tubular elements disposed generally horizontally or at a slight obtuse angle io the tubular elements. Additionally the breeching member can be symmetrical or substantially evenly balanced about its vertical axis.
~ ' .
In the accompanying drawing:
- Figure 1 is a cross sectional view of the lower 20~ portion of the chimney.
; ~ ~
Figure 2 is a cross sectional view similar to Figure 1 but showing a modification of the breeching portion only.
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109709~
Figure 3 is a cross sectional view of a portion oE the upper part of the liner showing a modification incorporating an expansion section.
Figure 4 shows in section a modification of the joint portion.
i The present invention, as seen from Figure 1, includes a conventional chimney column 1, generally of reinforced concrete, having at its lower portion a breeching opening 2.
Above opening 2 is a reinforced concrete circular ring beam or base 3 which is seated on ~ circular corbel 4 as shown in the figure. A chimney liner 5 of acid brick construction is built on the ring beam or base 3, separated from chimney column 1 by space 6 which may be pressurized or kept at ambient conditions, as desired.
Fastened to circular ring beam 3 is a steel liner and breeching entry 7 consisting of a vertical portion 8 and ~ lateral breeching duct element 9 which extends through breeching opening 2 in chimney column 1. The upper encl of 8 is flared out to form a collar as shown at 10, and its diameter is somewhat less than that of the inner diameter of the circular ring beam and seats over portion 19 of the ring beam.
From the figure it will be seen that the upper end of 10 is slightly below the top of the circular ring beam. A ring plate 12 is fastened near the upper portion of 8, as by , welding, and is attached to anchor bolts 13, cast in ring beam 3. The bolts pass through corresponding holes in ring plate 1~, which is fastened by nuts and washers 14. The diameters of the holes are made sufficiently larger than the bolt diameters and the nuts are so tightened as to permit a degree of sliding movement between ring plate 12 and the underside of ring beàm 3 to permit radial thermal expansion.
Lead or similar flashing 15 overlap the top of the flared portion 10, the upper part of the circular ring beam and has 109709~
its end embedded in the inner wall of the ch~mney column as shown in the figure, It will be noted that the brick liner is laid on top of the flashing, It is apparent that some motion of the upper portion of 8 relative to ring beam 3 and brick liner 5 may take place and thus accolluno(late tl~erlllal strains, Lateral portion 9 is suspended at location 16 from the concrete chimney column 1 at the upper part of the bre-eching opening 2 by constant load spring hangers 17 (only one shown~, The hangers are attached to 1 and 9 by means (not shown) which permit pivoting motion, such as ~ clevis or the like, whereby motion of the steel liner 7 due to temperature changes may be accom~odated and reduce ~ccentric loads on the circular beam caused by the weight of the breeching, The outer portion of 7 is coated with insulation such as fiberglass, mineral wcol or the l~ke shown as 18, Similarly, the space between the inner portion of ring beam 3, ring plate 13 and the upper part of 8 is filled with insulation, :~ 20 The liner shown is generally constructed of carbon : steel, but other steels may be employed, For strength and ri$idity it is externally stiffened as by having angles or :: other structural shapes Cnot shown~ welded thereon, Instead . of steel, other material may be employed to meet special re-: quirements, such as plastics or other materials which are corrosion resistant and can withstand the other conditions of operation, While the lateral portion 9 is shown as being at a slight angle from the horizontal, this may be varied to from `~s I -5-substantially horizontal to a steeper incline. Altllough Figure 1 shows a single breeching entry, more than one entry may be provided. This is illustrated by Figure 2, where two opposing lateral breeching duct element 9 and 9' are shown, Duct 9~ is shown connected to column 1 by a spring hanger 17' which is identical with element 17, While this ~igure shows two breeching entries, it should be obvious to one skilled in the art that additional entries may be provided as needed, No eccentric loading is placed on the circular ring beam, when the liner and beaching entries form a unit which is symmetrical or substantially evenly balanced about its vertical axis, In these cases the spring hangers are not required, but may be employed, if desîred, to reduce the load on the ring beam, : When additional thermal expansion capacity is desired this can be readily accomplished by introducing an expansion joint and spring hangers in the vertical portion o steel liner 8, near the underside of ring beam 3. This modi-fication is shown in Figure 3 wherein expansion joint ~0 is provided at the upper portion of steel liner 8, below ring plate 12, Joint 20 consists of a plurality of shaped cor~
rugations which taken together form a bellows, Arm 21 is rigidly attached to 8 below the lowermost corrugation and extends laterally therefrom~ Expansible hangers indicated generally by reference numeral 22 connects arm 21 to circular .
ring beam 3~ as will be described in greater detail herein-after, An upper connecting bracket 23 is rigidly attached to the underside of beam 3, as by an anchor bolt, ~097099 A clevis 24 having a dependent portion 25 is pivot-al:Ly attached to bracket 23 by a pin or bolt, and has- an internally threaded bore in the dependent portion. Arm 21 has pivotally attached thereto at its outer end an enclosed spring expansible means 26. The upper portion of 26 has an internally threaded portion. Rod 27 having threaded ends 28 and 29 are screwed into 26 and 25 and secured in plac~ ~
nuts 30 and 31. The hangers are sized and spaced so that the dead load of the suspended liner compresses the springs to their median position. While spring means are shown, other expansible hanger means may be employed, e.g. hydraulic or pneumatic. Similarly other types of expansion joints can be used such as viton-teflon, neoprene, etc.
. . . .
This method of suspension conserves the capacity of ; joint for expansion and rotation. The suspended portion of the liner can articulate in any direction, absorb vibration ~ and take up differential expansion. In view of this arti-- cuIating capacity, the joint between the brick and steel portion can be rigid. This is shown in Figure 4 where the 20~ flared end 10' is imbedded in the brick liner.
~:
. :
~ 7
The present requirements for pollution control often require flue gas scrubbing techniques. Any unprotecte-l steel chimney liners may be subject to corrosion and therefore, coated steel liners are required. To avoid the need for such coated liners acid brick constru;ction has been employed for tall 1~ chimney linings. However, the design and construction of brick linings is not too satisfactory, especially where there are large breeching openings. Severe cracking and structural problems are caused by the discontinuities occasioned by the presence of the breeching openings and stresses in the brick piers due to non-uniform thermal gradients. In addition the differential temperature effects cause large lateral displacements at the top of the chimney, which are difficult to - restrain because of the high forces involved.
The present invention overcomes the problems of the -~ 20 brick liners while retaining the advantages thereo by combinin~
~ the brick liner with an insulated steel breeching entry and liner. As a result, rational steel construction design can be used instead of largely empirical brickwork design in the :
, , ~ :
~: .
1 .
~ 1-f ~
.
breeching region, lateral deflection at the top of the brick lining caused by non-uniform thermal expansion is reduced, high compressive stresses at the side of the breech openings are eliminated, a smaller chimney foundation is required sincc ~le overall chimney is lighter in weight, and useable space is made available at the base of the chimney.
The present invention suspends a steel liner and breeching entry at the lower part of the brick liner by fasteners which are connected to a circular ring beam supported on the chimney column, and by constant load spring hangers located at the top of the breeching duct where it passes through the concrete c!himney column. The purpose of these spring hangers is to load the ring beam as uniformly as possible.
Since most of the gas temperature imbalance exists in the vicinity of the suspended breeching, the lateral deflections at the top of the brick lining are greatly reduced. The portion of ; the liner in the vicinity of the breeching opening is in tension, eliminating high compressive stresses thereat. An expansion joint may be included to give additional thermal ~ 20 expansion capacity to the liner.
,~
In this parent application the invention comprehends an improved liner for a chimney having an outer column ~ith an ~:
.~
.
~097i~99 exterior and inner surface. The inner lining has a lower end, and breeching means joined to the lining. A breeching member comprised of an upright tubular element generally in line with the lining, and at least one lateral tubular element is provided. The lateral element extends through the outer chimney column to form a breeching entry. Sus~ensioll means coacting with the outer chimney column and the upright tubular element are provided for suspending the breeching member within the chimney at the lower end of the lining. Further a constant loading hanger means for suspending the lateral tubular element from the outer chimney column adjacent the breeching entry is also provided. Further the breeching member may be insulated and may have at least two lateral tubular elements disposed generally horizontally or at a slight obtuse angle io the tubular elements. Additionally the breeching member can be symmetrical or substantially evenly balanced about its vertical axis.
~ ' .
In the accompanying drawing:
- Figure 1 is a cross sectional view of the lower 20~ portion of the chimney.
; ~ ~
Figure 2 is a cross sectional view similar to Figure 1 but showing a modification of the breeching portion only.
.: .
. :
: D ~ i -3- `
109709~
Figure 3 is a cross sectional view of a portion oE the upper part of the liner showing a modification incorporating an expansion section.
Figure 4 shows in section a modification of the joint portion.
i The present invention, as seen from Figure 1, includes a conventional chimney column 1, generally of reinforced concrete, having at its lower portion a breeching opening 2.
Above opening 2 is a reinforced concrete circular ring beam or base 3 which is seated on ~ circular corbel 4 as shown in the figure. A chimney liner 5 of acid brick construction is built on the ring beam or base 3, separated from chimney column 1 by space 6 which may be pressurized or kept at ambient conditions, as desired.
Fastened to circular ring beam 3 is a steel liner and breeching entry 7 consisting of a vertical portion 8 and ~ lateral breeching duct element 9 which extends through breeching opening 2 in chimney column 1. The upper encl of 8 is flared out to form a collar as shown at 10, and its diameter is somewhat less than that of the inner diameter of the circular ring beam and seats over portion 19 of the ring beam.
From the figure it will be seen that the upper end of 10 is slightly below the top of the circular ring beam. A ring plate 12 is fastened near the upper portion of 8, as by , welding, and is attached to anchor bolts 13, cast in ring beam 3. The bolts pass through corresponding holes in ring plate 1~, which is fastened by nuts and washers 14. The diameters of the holes are made sufficiently larger than the bolt diameters and the nuts are so tightened as to permit a degree of sliding movement between ring plate 12 and the underside of ring beàm 3 to permit radial thermal expansion.
Lead or similar flashing 15 overlap the top of the flared portion 10, the upper part of the circular ring beam and has 109709~
its end embedded in the inner wall of the ch~mney column as shown in the figure, It will be noted that the brick liner is laid on top of the flashing, It is apparent that some motion of the upper portion of 8 relative to ring beam 3 and brick liner 5 may take place and thus accolluno(late tl~erlllal strains, Lateral portion 9 is suspended at location 16 from the concrete chimney column 1 at the upper part of the bre-eching opening 2 by constant load spring hangers 17 (only one shown~, The hangers are attached to 1 and 9 by means (not shown) which permit pivoting motion, such as ~ clevis or the like, whereby motion of the steel liner 7 due to temperature changes may be accom~odated and reduce ~ccentric loads on the circular beam caused by the weight of the breeching, The outer portion of 7 is coated with insulation such as fiberglass, mineral wcol or the l~ke shown as 18, Similarly, the space between the inner portion of ring beam 3, ring plate 13 and the upper part of 8 is filled with insulation, :~ 20 The liner shown is generally constructed of carbon : steel, but other steels may be employed, For strength and ri$idity it is externally stiffened as by having angles or :: other structural shapes Cnot shown~ welded thereon, Instead . of steel, other material may be employed to meet special re-: quirements, such as plastics or other materials which are corrosion resistant and can withstand the other conditions of operation, While the lateral portion 9 is shown as being at a slight angle from the horizontal, this may be varied to from `~s I -5-substantially horizontal to a steeper incline. Altllough Figure 1 shows a single breeching entry, more than one entry may be provided. This is illustrated by Figure 2, where two opposing lateral breeching duct element 9 and 9' are shown, Duct 9~ is shown connected to column 1 by a spring hanger 17' which is identical with element 17, While this ~igure shows two breeching entries, it should be obvious to one skilled in the art that additional entries may be provided as needed, No eccentric loading is placed on the circular ring beam, when the liner and beaching entries form a unit which is symmetrical or substantially evenly balanced about its vertical axis, In these cases the spring hangers are not required, but may be employed, if desîred, to reduce the load on the ring beam, : When additional thermal expansion capacity is desired this can be readily accomplished by introducing an expansion joint and spring hangers in the vertical portion o steel liner 8, near the underside of ring beam 3. This modi-fication is shown in Figure 3 wherein expansion joint ~0 is provided at the upper portion of steel liner 8, below ring plate 12, Joint 20 consists of a plurality of shaped cor~
rugations which taken together form a bellows, Arm 21 is rigidly attached to 8 below the lowermost corrugation and extends laterally therefrom~ Expansible hangers indicated generally by reference numeral 22 connects arm 21 to circular .
ring beam 3~ as will be described in greater detail herein-after, An upper connecting bracket 23 is rigidly attached to the underside of beam 3, as by an anchor bolt, ~097099 A clevis 24 having a dependent portion 25 is pivot-al:Ly attached to bracket 23 by a pin or bolt, and has- an internally threaded bore in the dependent portion. Arm 21 has pivotally attached thereto at its outer end an enclosed spring expansible means 26. The upper portion of 26 has an internally threaded portion. Rod 27 having threaded ends 28 and 29 are screwed into 26 and 25 and secured in plac~ ~
nuts 30 and 31. The hangers are sized and spaced so that the dead load of the suspended liner compresses the springs to their median position. While spring means are shown, other expansible hanger means may be employed, e.g. hydraulic or pneumatic. Similarly other types of expansion joints can be used such as viton-teflon, neoprene, etc.
. . . .
This method of suspension conserves the capacity of ; joint for expansion and rotation. The suspended portion of the liner can articulate in any direction, absorb vibration ~ and take up differential expansion. In view of this arti-- cuIating capacity, the joint between the brick and steel portion can be rigid. This is shown in Figure 4 where the 20~ flared end 10' is imbedded in the brick liner.
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Claims (10)
1. In a chimney having an outer column with an exterior and inner surface, an inner lining spaced therefrom and having a lower end, and breeching means joined to said lining, the improvement comprising: a breeching member comprising an upright tubular element generally in line with the lining, and at least one lateral tubular element, said lateral element extending through the outer chimney column to form a breeching entry; suspension means coacting with the outer chimney column and the upright tubular element for suspending the breeching member within the chimney at the lower end of the lining, and constant loading hanger means for suspending said lateral tubular element from the outer chimney column adjacent the breeching entry.
2. The chimney of claim 1 having a ring shaped circular beam supported at the inner surface of the column comprising supporting means for the inner lining, and means suspending the breeching member from said circular beam.
3. The chimney of claim 2 wherein the breeching member is suspended from the circular beam by means comprising lateral shoulder means securely fastened to the upper part of the upright tubular element and attaching means fastening said shoulder means to the underside of said circular beam.
4. The chimney of claim 1 wherein said upright tubular element has an expansion section below the suspension means.
5. The chimney of claim 2 wherein said upright tubular element has an expansion section below the suspension means.
6. The chimney of claim 3 wherein said upright tubular element has an expansion section below the suspension means.
7. The chimney of claim 3 wherein said upright tubular element has an expansion section below the suspension means and wherein the upper end of the tubular element is rigidly attached to the inner liner to form a rigid joint therewith,
8. The chimney of claim 3 wherein said means sus-pending the breeching member from the circular beam is adapted to permit relative movement between the inner liner and the breeching member.
9. In a chimney having an outer column with an exterior and inner surface, and inner lining spaced therefrom and having a lower end, and breeching means communicating with said lining, the improvement comprising: an insulated breeching member comprising a tubular element generally in line with the inner lining, at least two lateral tubular elements disposed generally horizontally or at a slight obtuse angle to said tubular elements; said breeching member being symmetrical or substantially evenly balanced about its vertical axis; said lateral tubular elements extending through the outer chimney column to form breeching (claim 9 cont'd) entries; and suspension means coacting with the outer chimney column and the tubular elements for suspending the breeching member within the chimney at the lower end of the brick lining.
10. In a chimney having an outer column with an exterior and inner surface, an inner lining spaced therefrom and having a lower end, and breeching means joined to said lining, the improvement comprising:
a breeching member comprising an upright tubular element generally in line with the inner lining, and at least one lateral tubular element, said lateral element extending through the outer chimney column to form a breeching entry; and suspension means coacting with the outer chimney column and the upright tubular element for suspending the breeching member within the chimney at the lower end of the inner lining.
a breeching member comprising an upright tubular element generally in line with the inner lining, and at least one lateral tubular element, said lateral element extending through the outer chimney column to form a breeching entry; and suspension means coacting with the outer chimney column and the upright tubular element for suspending the breeching member within the chimney at the lower end of the inner lining.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA355,264A CA1097100A (en) | 1977-09-23 | 1980-07-02 | Metal and brick chimney liner |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US83590077A | 1977-09-23 | 1977-09-23 | |
| US835,900 | 1986-03-04 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1097099A true CA1097099A (en) | 1981-03-10 |
Family
ID=25270748
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA311,411A Expired CA1097099A (en) | 1977-09-23 | 1978-09-15 | Metal and brick chimney liner |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5459638A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1097099A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2841387C2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES473600A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2004632B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1106067B (en) |
| MX (1) | MX5722E (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6073556U (en) * | 1983-10-28 | 1985-05-23 | タキロン株式会社 | Medical magnetic sheet |
| JPS60135141U (en) * | 1984-02-20 | 1985-09-07 | 新神戸電機株式会社 | health magnet |
| JPS63290582A (en) * | 1987-05-23 | 1988-11-28 | Tsuneo Mikado | Flat magnet piece for magnetic treatment |
| JPH0357250Y2 (en) * | 1989-03-15 | 1991-12-26 |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1212710B (en) * | 1958-06-07 | 1966-03-17 | Didier Werke Ag | A chimney or washing or reaction tower curved around its longitudinal axis |
-
1978
- 1978-09-15 CA CA311,411A patent/CA1097099A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-09-20 MX MX787402U patent/MX5722E/en unknown
- 1978-09-21 GB GB7837632A patent/GB2004632B/en not_active Expired
- 1978-09-22 JP JP11736878A patent/JPS5459638A/en active Granted
- 1978-09-22 DE DE2841387A patent/DE2841387C2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-09-22 IT IT51212/78A patent/IT1106067B/en active
- 1978-09-22 ES ES473600A patent/ES473600A1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES473600A1 (en) | 1979-04-16 |
| GB2004632A (en) | 1979-04-04 |
| DE2841387C2 (en) | 1986-05-07 |
| MX5722E (en) | 1983-12-28 |
| JPS5459638A (en) | 1979-05-14 |
| IT1106067B (en) | 1985-11-11 |
| GB2004632B (en) | 1982-03-17 |
| DE2841387A1 (en) | 1979-04-05 |
| IT7851212A0 (en) | 1978-09-22 |
| JPS5611850B2 (en) | 1981-03-17 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |