CA1096811A - High breakdown voltage electrodes for bromide containing electrolytes - Google Patents
High breakdown voltage electrodes for bromide containing electrolytesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1096811A CA1096811A CA277,210A CA277210A CA1096811A CA 1096811 A CA1096811 A CA 1096811A CA 277210 A CA277210 A CA 277210A CA 1096811 A CA1096811 A CA 1096811A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- anode
- ppm
- electrolyte
- titanium
- amounts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- -1 nitrate ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 45
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N technetium atom Chemical compound [Tc] GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 18
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 18
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 26
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229940037395 electrolytes Drugs 0.000 description 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 229940075581 sodium bromide Drugs 0.000 description 11
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001622 calcium bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WGEFECGEFUFIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dibromide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Br-].[Br-] WGEFECGEFUFIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021585 Nickel(II) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001362 Ta alloys Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001649 bromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005363 electrowinning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IPLJNQFXJUCRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);dibromide Chemical compound [Ni+2].[Br-].[Br-] IPLJNQFXJUCRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 101100352919 Caenorhabditis elegans ppm-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000531897 Loma Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910015206 MoBr2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007832 Na2SO4 Substances 0.000 description 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBSYFVAKXHOPQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Ti+4].[Ru+]=O Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[Ru+]=O XBSYFVAKXHOPQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010407 anodic oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M bromate Inorganic materials [O-]Br(=O)=O SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromic acid Chemical compound OBr(=O)=O SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZLCCLBKPLLUIJC-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium tetrasulfane-1,4-diide Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-]SS[S-] ZLCCLBKPLLUIJC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001623 magnesium bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OTCKOJUMXQWKQG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].[Br-] OTCKOJUMXQWKQG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QHGVXILFMXYDRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyraclofos Chemical compound C1=C(OP(=O)(OCC)SCCC)C=NN1C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 QHGVXILFMXYDRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/24—Halogens or compounds thereof
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US68098476A | 1976-04-28 | 1976-04-28 | |
| US789,216 | 1985-10-18 | ||
| US680,984 | 1991-04-05 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1096811A true CA1096811A (en) | 1981-03-03 |
Family
ID=24733296
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA277,210A Expired CA1096811A (en) | 1976-04-28 | 1977-04-28 | High breakdown voltage electrodes for bromide containing electrolytes |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4110180A (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JPS52131991A (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA1096811A (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE2719051A1 (enExample) |
| FR (1) | FR2349664A1 (enExample) |
| GB (1) | GB1517904A (enExample) |
| IT (1) | IT1202365B (enExample) |
| SE (1) | SE437387B (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (46)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5538951A (en) * | 1978-09-13 | 1980-03-18 | Permelec Electrode Ltd | Electrode substrate alloy for electrolysis |
| US4203813A (en) * | 1978-11-01 | 1980-05-20 | United Technologies Corporation | Method for producing HBr |
| DE2928910A1 (de) * | 1979-06-29 | 1981-01-29 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Elektrode fuer die wasserelektrolyse |
| US4263111A (en) * | 1979-12-17 | 1981-04-21 | United Technologies Corporation | Hydrogen generation utilizing semiconducting platelets suspended in a divergent vertically flowing electrolyte solution |
| US4263110A (en) * | 1979-12-17 | 1981-04-21 | United Technologies Corporation | Hydrogen-bromine generation utilizing semiconducting platelets suspended in a vertically flowing electrolyte solution |
| JPS6021232B2 (ja) * | 1981-05-19 | 1985-05-25 | ペルメレツク電極株式会社 | 耐久性を有する電解用電極及びその製造方法 |
| US4487669A (en) * | 1983-01-31 | 1984-12-11 | Koppers Company, Inc. | Method for oxidation of an element in both compartments of an electrolytic cell |
| US5607619A (en) * | 1988-03-07 | 1997-03-04 | Great Lakes Chemical Corporation | Inorganic perbromide compositions and methods of use thereof |
| US5039383A (en) * | 1989-04-20 | 1991-08-13 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Halogen generation |
| CA2050201C (en) * | 1990-09-04 | 2001-11-06 | Ahmad Dadgar | Electrogeneration of bromine and use thereof in recovery of precious metals and water treatment |
| ZA962117B (en) * | 1995-03-27 | 1996-09-26 | Electrocatalytic Inc | Process and apparatus for generating bromine |
| DE19624024A1 (de) * | 1996-06-17 | 1997-12-18 | Verein Fuer Kernverfahrenstech | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Halogenen, Oxoverbindungen der Halogene sowie zur Herstellung von Peroxyverbindungen durch Elektrolyse |
| AUPQ891500A0 (en) * | 2000-07-21 | 2000-08-17 | Iodine Technologies Australia Pty Ltd | Process, method and apparatus for recovery of halogens |
| RU2190700C1 (ru) * | 2001-01-09 | 2002-10-10 | Государственное унитарное предприятие "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт химической технологии" | Способ извлечения иода и брома из природных вод |
| US7838708B2 (en) | 2001-06-20 | 2010-11-23 | Grt, Inc. | Hydrocarbon conversion process improvements |
| US7114566B2 (en) * | 2001-10-24 | 2006-10-03 | Shell Oil Company | In situ thermal processing of a hydrocarbon containing formation using a natural distributed combustor |
| RU2316616C2 (ru) * | 2003-03-31 | 2008-02-10 | Каунсел Оф Сайнтифик Энд Индастриал Рисерч | Способ электрохимического окисления бромида до брома |
| JP2006522213A (ja) * | 2003-03-31 | 2006-09-28 | カウンシィル オブ サイアンティフィック アンド インダストリアル リサーチ | 臭化物の臭素への電気化学酸化工程 |
| US20050171393A1 (en) | 2003-07-15 | 2005-08-04 | Lorkovic Ivan M. | Hydrocarbon synthesis |
| AU2004268935B2 (en) | 2003-07-15 | 2010-12-02 | Grt, Inc. | Hydrocarbon synthesis |
| US7244867B2 (en) | 2004-04-16 | 2007-07-17 | Marathon Oil Company | Process for converting gaseous alkanes to liquid hydrocarbons |
| US20080275284A1 (en) | 2004-04-16 | 2008-11-06 | Marathon Oil Company | Process for converting gaseous alkanes to liquid hydrocarbons |
| US20060100469A1 (en) * | 2004-04-16 | 2006-05-11 | Waycuilis John J | Process for converting gaseous alkanes to olefins and liquid hydrocarbons |
| US8642822B2 (en) | 2004-04-16 | 2014-02-04 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Processes for converting gaseous alkanes to liquid hydrocarbons using microchannel reactor |
| US8173851B2 (en) | 2004-04-16 | 2012-05-08 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Processes for converting gaseous alkanes to liquid hydrocarbons |
| US7674941B2 (en) | 2004-04-16 | 2010-03-09 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Processes for converting gaseous alkanes to liquid hydrocarbons |
| UA95943C2 (ru) | 2006-02-03 | 2011-09-26 | ДжиАрТи, ИНК. | Отделение легких газов от галогенов |
| AP2012006510A0 (en) | 2006-02-03 | 2012-10-31 | Grt Inc | Continuous process for converting natural gas to liquid hydrocarbons |
| CA2687589A1 (en) | 2007-05-24 | 2008-12-04 | Grt, Inc. | Zone reactor incorporating reversible hydrogen halide capture and release |
| US8282810B2 (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2012-10-09 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Bromine-based method and system for converting gaseous alkanes to liquid hydrocarbons using electrolysis for bromine recovery |
| US20090312586A1 (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2009-12-17 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Hydrogenation of multi-brominated alkanes |
| SG192538A1 (en) | 2008-07-18 | 2013-08-30 | Grt Inc | Continuous process for converting natural gas to liquid hydrocarbons |
| US20110015458A1 (en) * | 2009-07-15 | 2011-01-20 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Conversion of hydrogen bromide to elemental bromine |
| US8198495B2 (en) * | 2010-03-02 | 2012-06-12 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Processes and systems for the staged synthesis of alkyl bromides |
| US8367884B2 (en) | 2010-03-02 | 2013-02-05 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Processes and systems for the staged synthesis of alkyl bromides |
| US8815050B2 (en) | 2011-03-22 | 2014-08-26 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Processes and systems for drying liquid bromine |
| US8436220B2 (en) | 2011-06-10 | 2013-05-07 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Processes and systems for demethanization of brominated hydrocarbons |
| US8829256B2 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2014-09-09 | Gtc Technology Us, Llc | Processes and systems for fractionation of brominated hydrocarbons in the conversion of natural gas to liquid hydrocarbons |
| US8802908B2 (en) | 2011-10-21 | 2014-08-12 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Processes and systems for separate, parallel methane and higher alkanes' bromination |
| US9193641B2 (en) | 2011-12-16 | 2015-11-24 | Gtc Technology Us, Llc | Processes and systems for conversion of alkyl bromides to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons in circulating catalyst reactor-regenerator systems |
| US10172360B2 (en) | 2014-12-09 | 2019-01-08 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Methods for the direct electrolytic production of stable, high concentration aqueous halosulfamate or halosulfonamide solutions |
| US20220162761A1 (en) | 2019-03-13 | 2022-05-26 | Eastman Chemical Company | Processes useful in the manufacture of cyclododecasulfur |
| CN113518757A (zh) * | 2019-03-13 | 2021-10-19 | 伊士曼化工公司 | 可用于制造环十二硫的方法 |
| US20220169505A1 (en) | 2019-03-13 | 2022-06-02 | Eastman Chemical Company | Processes useful in the manufacture of cyclododecasulfur |
| CN113518756A (zh) | 2019-03-13 | 2021-10-19 | 伊士曼化工公司 | 可用于制造环十二硫的方法 |
| CN115466971A (zh) * | 2022-09-28 | 2022-12-13 | 成都大学 | 一种连续电解工业溴盐制备溴素的工艺及装置 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US511682A (en) * | 1893-12-26 | Thenin | ||
| GB785723A (en) * | 1955-04-20 | 1957-11-06 | Makhtsavei Israel | Process of electrolysis of aqueous electrolytes for producing bromine and iodine |
| FR77065E (fr) * | 1957-07-17 | 1962-01-12 | Ici Ltd | Perfectionnements aux électrodes et à leurs applications |
| NL235848A (enExample) * | 1959-02-06 | |||
| US3809630A (en) * | 1970-06-20 | 1974-05-07 | Oronzio De Nora Impianti | Electrolysis cell with permeable valve metal anode and diaphragms on both the anode and cathode |
-
1977
- 1977-04-20 US US05/789,216 patent/US4110180A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1977-04-21 JP JP4522077A patent/JPS52131991A/ja active Granted
- 1977-04-26 FR FR7712616A patent/FR2349664A1/fr active Granted
- 1977-04-27 IT IT7722876A patent/IT1202365B/it active
- 1977-04-27 GB GB17629/77A patent/GB1517904A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-04-28 DE DE19772719051 patent/DE2719051A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1977-04-28 CA CA277,210A patent/CA1096811A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-04-28 SE SE7704905A patent/SE437387B/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE437387B (sv) | 1985-02-25 |
| SE7704905L (sv) | 1977-10-29 |
| GB1517904A (en) | 1978-07-19 |
| JPS52131991A (en) | 1977-11-05 |
| US4110180A (en) | 1978-08-29 |
| JPS5637315B2 (enExample) | 1981-08-29 |
| DE2719051A1 (de) | 1977-11-17 |
| FR2349664B1 (enExample) | 1982-06-18 |
| IT1202365B (it) | 1989-02-09 |
| FR2349664A1 (fr) | 1977-11-25 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |