CA1088029A - Hydrocyclone separator with flow opposing helical guide vanes - Google Patents
Hydrocyclone separator with flow opposing helical guide vanesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1088029A CA1088029A CA298,405A CA298405A CA1088029A CA 1088029 A CA1088029 A CA 1088029A CA 298405 A CA298405 A CA 298405A CA 1088029 A CA1088029 A CA 1088029A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- heavy fraction
- fraction
- outlet
- heavy
- separator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
- B04C5/08—Vortex chamber constructions
- B04C5/103—Bodies or members, e.g. bulkheads, guides, in the vortex chamber
Landscapes
- Cyclones (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The separation chamber has a circular cylindrical part with a tangential inlet for the mixture and a central outlet for the light separated fraction, the chamber also having a conical part forming an outlet for the separated heavy fraction.
A first guide bar on the wall of said conical part gives the heavy fraction a component of movement directed radially inward, and a second guide bar on said wall between the first bar and the heavy fraction outlet gives the heavy fraction a component of movement directed axially toward the light fraction outlet. In this way the problems of fiber loss and plugging of the discharge outlet for the heavy fraction are easily solved.
The separation chamber has a circular cylindrical part with a tangential inlet for the mixture and a central outlet for the light separated fraction, the chamber also having a conical part forming an outlet for the separated heavy fraction.
A first guide bar on the wall of said conical part gives the heavy fraction a component of movement directed radially inward, and a second guide bar on said wall between the first bar and the heavy fraction outlet gives the heavy fraction a component of movement directed axially toward the light fraction outlet. In this way the problems of fiber loss and plugging of the discharge outlet for the heavy fraction are easily solved.
Description
10~0'~9 This invention relates to a hydrocyclone separator for separating a mixture into a light first fraction of rela-tively low density and a heavy second fraction of relatively high density, the separator comprising a separation chamber 5 having a circular cylindrical part provided with a tangential inlet for the feed mixture and a central outlet for the light fraction and also having a conical part forming an outlet for the heavy fraction, at least one guide bar being provided to give the heavy fraction (flowing helically along the wall 10 of the conical part) a component of movement directed radial-ly inwards.
Hydrocyclone separators have many uses. A major one is in the cellulose industry for the purification of cellulose fiber suspensions. Generally, a hydrocyclone 15 separator system includes several stages coupled in series, with every stage comprising several hydrocyclone separators connected in parallel, having inlet and outlet chambers in common. Such a hydrocyclone separator system separates the r original, highly diluted cellulose suspension into diluted, 20 purified fibers, called the "light fraction", and thickened impurities, called the "heavy fraction". As modern process technology has advanced, cellulose suspension temperatures have increased, causing viscosities to decrease. With de-creasing viscosities and the same number of stages, the 25 separating power of a hydrocyclone separator system decreases and more cellulose fibers are discarded with the heavy frac-tion. It is, of course, desirable to have onl~ the smallest possible amount of cellulose fibers in the heavy fraction.
At the same time, from an environmental point of view, it is 30 desirable to keep the volume flow of the heavy fraction at a -1- ~
1~)880Z~
low level, which means that the concentration of impurities in this fraction will be high.
The problem is to provide a hydrocyclone separator which separates the feed mixture efficiently into a light first fraction of relatively low density and a heavy second fraction of relatively high density, the latter being allowed to be discharged from the hydrocyclone separator in a minimal volume flow with a high concentration.
Many attempts have been made, some on a commercial scale, to solve the problems of fiber loss ana plugging of the discharge outlet of the relatively heavy fraction. Most of the attempts entail supplying water under pressure to the individual hydrocyclone separators to dilute the heavy frac-tion and to wash out the valuable fibers. Generally, water is supplied tangentially near the heavy fraction outlet end of the hydrocyclone separator, or through a channel ending at a radial distance from the wall of the hydrocyclone separator within the heavy fraction outlet end. Discharge chambers, formed like cylinders or cones and provided with a tangential inlet for diluting water, and directly connected to the heavy fraction outlet of the hydrocyclone separator, have also been used. At best, these attempts have solved the plugging problems and reduced the fiber loss to some ex-tent.
Attempts have been made to provide the conical part of hydrocyclone separators with axially directed guide bars, designed to give the heavy fraction, flowing helically along the wall of the conical part, a component of movement directed radially inwards, thus to some extent transferring light components from the heavy fraction to the light frac-tion whîch flows towards its outlet. The desired result 1C)880'~9 has not been obtained by using the arrangements mentioned above.
It might seem obvious to make the discharge outlet of the heavy fraction larger than it has been generally hitherto.
This, however, is not possible because such a design would result in too large a flow of the heavy fraction. Furthermore, said axially directed guide bars occupy part of the separation space in the conical part of the separation chamber. Considering the wear that these guide bars are subject to, they have to be designed with a greater radial extension than that functionally needed. Elimination of this drawback, regarding the separation space, would mean reduction of the cone angle. This would mean that the conical part of the separation chamber would converge less abruptly, which is not easily possible, since the conical part of the separation chamber would be very long if the diameter of the heavy fraction discharge outlet opening were kept.
According to the present invention there is provided a hydrocyclone separator for separating a liquids/solids mixture into a light firs-t fraction of relatively low density and a heavy second fraction of relatively high density, the separator comprising means forming a separation chamber having a circular cylindrical part provided with a tangential inlet for said mixture and with a central outlet for said light fraction, the separation chamber also having a conical part forming an outlet for said ~; heavy fraction, a first guide bar located on the wall of said conical chamber part and positioned and dimensoned to give the heavy fraction, flowing helically along said wall, a component of movement directed radially inward, and guide means including a second guide bar extending along said wall between said first guide bar and said heavy fraction outlet and positioned and dimensioned to give the heavy fraction, flowing toward the heavy fraction outlet, a component of movement directed axially toward said light fraction outlet.
. ~
:, -3~1-According to the invention, the above-mentioned problems of fiber loss and plugging of the discharge outlet of the heavy fraction are solved in a surprisingly easy way by providing, in a hydrocyclone separator of the kind mentioned by way of introduction and in the vicinity of the discharge outlet of the conical part, a guide means which may be designed as a screw path along the inner wall of the conical part, and which gives the heavy fraction, flowing towards the discharge outlet of the conical part, a component of movement directed ;
axially inwards toward the separation chamber.
This arrangement allows the cone angle of the conical - part of the hydrocyclone separator to be reduced to give space for the guide bar or the guide bars without occupying the : separation space available, since the discharge ~ J
~ -3a-., ,~
1~880Z9 outlet opening for the heavy fraction may be rather large without making the heavy fraction flow too large.
The advantages of the invention are thus obtained by combining the axial guide bars, known per se, and said guide means.
According to the invention, compared to common hydro-cyclone separators for cellulose fiber suspensions, the loss of cellulose fiber in the discharged heavy fraction may be reduced by more than half of the amounts that have been usual hitherto, without increasing the content of impurities in the purified cellulose suspension (i.e. the light fraction). As a reduced content of cellulose fibers goes with the heavy fraction, this fraction will flow more easily through its discharge outlet.
Furthermore, as mentioned abo~e, this discharge outlet may be designed with a larger opening. Thus, the risks of plugging have been practically eliminated.
One embodiment of tne invention will now be described more in detail, as an example, reference being made to the enclosed drawing. In the drawing, Fig. 1 is a longitudinal ~0 sectional view of a hydrocyclone separator according to the invention, with a guide means in a perspective view. Fig. 2 is a sectional view along line II-II in Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a sectional view along line III-III in Fig. 1, with a perspective view of the guide means.
As shown in Fig. 1, a hydrocyclone separator with a circular cylindrical part 1 and a conical part 2 has a tangential inlet 3 for the mixture feed to be separated, a central discharge outlet 4 for the light fraction, and a dis-charge outlet 5 from the conical part for the heavy fraction.
In the conical part 2 are four guide bars 6 which are axially directed and evenly distributed around the circumference of the conical part. These guide bars are designed to appear, in a cross-sectional view (Fig. 2), as symmetrical ridges.
The height of these ridges increases in the direction towards the discharge outlet 5. Between the guide bars 6 and the discharge outlet 5 there is provided a guide means 7 in the form of a screw path running 1-1/2 turns along the inner wall of the conical part 2. The screw path is designed to give the heavy fraction, flowing towards the discharge outlet 5, an axial component of movement against the flow (i.e., in the direction of the central discharge outlet 4 for the light fraction). If the hydrocyclone separator is regarded from the feed inlet end, the flow moves clockwise, whereas the screw path of the guide means 7 is arranged to run counter-clockwise.
In the embodiment shown, the screw path plane also inclines (in relation to the horizontal plane) towards the discharge outlet 5, whereby the heavy fraction flowing to-wards the discharge outlet 5 is also given a component of movement directed radially inward.
As is shown in the drawing, the guide means 7 is a spiral-shaped ramp designed in such a way that the dis-charge area is relatively large, which means that free passage remains for the heavy fraction.
The illustrated hydrocyclone operates as follows.
The feed mixture (to be separated into a light first fraction of relatively low density and a heavy second fraction of 10880~9 relatively high density) is fed through the inlet 3 and flows helically toward the conical part 2 of the hydrocyclone separator. The constituents of the heavy fraction tend to move close to the wall, whereas the constituents of the light fraction tend to move in the direction towards the symmetry axis of the hydrocyclone separator. Some light constituents, however, will remain in the flow close to the wall. When the flow has reached the guide means 7, a major part of it (the light fraction) will change its direction of movement and will flow, with its direction of rotation unaltered, toward the discharge outlet 4, while a minor part of it (the heavy fraction) is discharged through the discharge outlet 5. In passing the guide bars 6, the flow is forced to bend inwards toward the symmetry axis of the hydrocyclone separator, light constituents being brought into contact with the light fraction flowing towards the discharge outlet 4. The guide means 7 prevents an excessively large part of the flow from being discharged through the discharge outlet 5. In the em-bodiment shown, where the guide means 7 is provided with a screw path inclined in relation to the horizontal plane, favorable flow conditions are obtained in the vicinity of the guide means 7, which contributes to an advantageous separation result.
Hydrocyclone separators have many uses. A major one is in the cellulose industry for the purification of cellulose fiber suspensions. Generally, a hydrocyclone 15 separator system includes several stages coupled in series, with every stage comprising several hydrocyclone separators connected in parallel, having inlet and outlet chambers in common. Such a hydrocyclone separator system separates the r original, highly diluted cellulose suspension into diluted, 20 purified fibers, called the "light fraction", and thickened impurities, called the "heavy fraction". As modern process technology has advanced, cellulose suspension temperatures have increased, causing viscosities to decrease. With de-creasing viscosities and the same number of stages, the 25 separating power of a hydrocyclone separator system decreases and more cellulose fibers are discarded with the heavy frac-tion. It is, of course, desirable to have onl~ the smallest possible amount of cellulose fibers in the heavy fraction.
At the same time, from an environmental point of view, it is 30 desirable to keep the volume flow of the heavy fraction at a -1- ~
1~)880Z~
low level, which means that the concentration of impurities in this fraction will be high.
The problem is to provide a hydrocyclone separator which separates the feed mixture efficiently into a light first fraction of relatively low density and a heavy second fraction of relatively high density, the latter being allowed to be discharged from the hydrocyclone separator in a minimal volume flow with a high concentration.
Many attempts have been made, some on a commercial scale, to solve the problems of fiber loss ana plugging of the discharge outlet of the relatively heavy fraction. Most of the attempts entail supplying water under pressure to the individual hydrocyclone separators to dilute the heavy frac-tion and to wash out the valuable fibers. Generally, water is supplied tangentially near the heavy fraction outlet end of the hydrocyclone separator, or through a channel ending at a radial distance from the wall of the hydrocyclone separator within the heavy fraction outlet end. Discharge chambers, formed like cylinders or cones and provided with a tangential inlet for diluting water, and directly connected to the heavy fraction outlet of the hydrocyclone separator, have also been used. At best, these attempts have solved the plugging problems and reduced the fiber loss to some ex-tent.
Attempts have been made to provide the conical part of hydrocyclone separators with axially directed guide bars, designed to give the heavy fraction, flowing helically along the wall of the conical part, a component of movement directed radially inwards, thus to some extent transferring light components from the heavy fraction to the light frac-tion whîch flows towards its outlet. The desired result 1C)880'~9 has not been obtained by using the arrangements mentioned above.
It might seem obvious to make the discharge outlet of the heavy fraction larger than it has been generally hitherto.
This, however, is not possible because such a design would result in too large a flow of the heavy fraction. Furthermore, said axially directed guide bars occupy part of the separation space in the conical part of the separation chamber. Considering the wear that these guide bars are subject to, they have to be designed with a greater radial extension than that functionally needed. Elimination of this drawback, regarding the separation space, would mean reduction of the cone angle. This would mean that the conical part of the separation chamber would converge less abruptly, which is not easily possible, since the conical part of the separation chamber would be very long if the diameter of the heavy fraction discharge outlet opening were kept.
According to the present invention there is provided a hydrocyclone separator for separating a liquids/solids mixture into a light firs-t fraction of relatively low density and a heavy second fraction of relatively high density, the separator comprising means forming a separation chamber having a circular cylindrical part provided with a tangential inlet for said mixture and with a central outlet for said light fraction, the separation chamber also having a conical part forming an outlet for said ~; heavy fraction, a first guide bar located on the wall of said conical chamber part and positioned and dimensoned to give the heavy fraction, flowing helically along said wall, a component of movement directed radially inward, and guide means including a second guide bar extending along said wall between said first guide bar and said heavy fraction outlet and positioned and dimensioned to give the heavy fraction, flowing toward the heavy fraction outlet, a component of movement directed axially toward said light fraction outlet.
. ~
:, -3~1-According to the invention, the above-mentioned problems of fiber loss and plugging of the discharge outlet of the heavy fraction are solved in a surprisingly easy way by providing, in a hydrocyclone separator of the kind mentioned by way of introduction and in the vicinity of the discharge outlet of the conical part, a guide means which may be designed as a screw path along the inner wall of the conical part, and which gives the heavy fraction, flowing towards the discharge outlet of the conical part, a component of movement directed ;
axially inwards toward the separation chamber.
This arrangement allows the cone angle of the conical - part of the hydrocyclone separator to be reduced to give space for the guide bar or the guide bars without occupying the : separation space available, since the discharge ~ J
~ -3a-., ,~
1~880Z9 outlet opening for the heavy fraction may be rather large without making the heavy fraction flow too large.
The advantages of the invention are thus obtained by combining the axial guide bars, known per se, and said guide means.
According to the invention, compared to common hydro-cyclone separators for cellulose fiber suspensions, the loss of cellulose fiber in the discharged heavy fraction may be reduced by more than half of the amounts that have been usual hitherto, without increasing the content of impurities in the purified cellulose suspension (i.e. the light fraction). As a reduced content of cellulose fibers goes with the heavy fraction, this fraction will flow more easily through its discharge outlet.
Furthermore, as mentioned abo~e, this discharge outlet may be designed with a larger opening. Thus, the risks of plugging have been practically eliminated.
One embodiment of tne invention will now be described more in detail, as an example, reference being made to the enclosed drawing. In the drawing, Fig. 1 is a longitudinal ~0 sectional view of a hydrocyclone separator according to the invention, with a guide means in a perspective view. Fig. 2 is a sectional view along line II-II in Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a sectional view along line III-III in Fig. 1, with a perspective view of the guide means.
As shown in Fig. 1, a hydrocyclone separator with a circular cylindrical part 1 and a conical part 2 has a tangential inlet 3 for the mixture feed to be separated, a central discharge outlet 4 for the light fraction, and a dis-charge outlet 5 from the conical part for the heavy fraction.
In the conical part 2 are four guide bars 6 which are axially directed and evenly distributed around the circumference of the conical part. These guide bars are designed to appear, in a cross-sectional view (Fig. 2), as symmetrical ridges.
The height of these ridges increases in the direction towards the discharge outlet 5. Between the guide bars 6 and the discharge outlet 5 there is provided a guide means 7 in the form of a screw path running 1-1/2 turns along the inner wall of the conical part 2. The screw path is designed to give the heavy fraction, flowing towards the discharge outlet 5, an axial component of movement against the flow (i.e., in the direction of the central discharge outlet 4 for the light fraction). If the hydrocyclone separator is regarded from the feed inlet end, the flow moves clockwise, whereas the screw path of the guide means 7 is arranged to run counter-clockwise.
In the embodiment shown, the screw path plane also inclines (in relation to the horizontal plane) towards the discharge outlet 5, whereby the heavy fraction flowing to-wards the discharge outlet 5 is also given a component of movement directed radially inward.
As is shown in the drawing, the guide means 7 is a spiral-shaped ramp designed in such a way that the dis-charge area is relatively large, which means that free passage remains for the heavy fraction.
The illustrated hydrocyclone operates as follows.
The feed mixture (to be separated into a light first fraction of relatively low density and a heavy second fraction of 10880~9 relatively high density) is fed through the inlet 3 and flows helically toward the conical part 2 of the hydrocyclone separator. The constituents of the heavy fraction tend to move close to the wall, whereas the constituents of the light fraction tend to move in the direction towards the symmetry axis of the hydrocyclone separator. Some light constituents, however, will remain in the flow close to the wall. When the flow has reached the guide means 7, a major part of it (the light fraction) will change its direction of movement and will flow, with its direction of rotation unaltered, toward the discharge outlet 4, while a minor part of it (the heavy fraction) is discharged through the discharge outlet 5. In passing the guide bars 6, the flow is forced to bend inwards toward the symmetry axis of the hydrocyclone separator, light constituents being brought into contact with the light fraction flowing towards the discharge outlet 4. The guide means 7 prevents an excessively large part of the flow from being discharged through the discharge outlet 5. In the em-bodiment shown, where the guide means 7 is provided with a screw path inclined in relation to the horizontal plane, favorable flow conditions are obtained in the vicinity of the guide means 7, which contributes to an advantageous separation result.
Claims (4)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A hydrocyclone separator for separating a liquids/
solids mixture into a light first fraction of relatively low density and a heavy second fraction of relatively high density, the separator comprising means forming a separation chamber having a circular cylindrical part provided with a tangential inlet for said mixture and with a central outlet for said light fraction, the separation chamber also having a conical part forming an outlet for said heavy fraction, a first guide bar located on the wall of said conical chamber part and positioned and dimensioned to give the heavy fraction, flowing helically along said wall, a component of movement directed radially inward, and guide means including a second guide bar extending along said wall between said first guide bar and said heavy fraction outlet and positioned and dimensioned to give the heavy fraction, flowing toward the heavy fraction outlet, a component of movement directed axially toward said light fraction outlet.
solids mixture into a light first fraction of relatively low density and a heavy second fraction of relatively high density, the separator comprising means forming a separation chamber having a circular cylindrical part provided with a tangential inlet for said mixture and with a central outlet for said light fraction, the separation chamber also having a conical part forming an outlet for said heavy fraction, a first guide bar located on the wall of said conical chamber part and positioned and dimensioned to give the heavy fraction, flowing helically along said wall, a component of movement directed radially inward, and guide means including a second guide bar extending along said wall between said first guide bar and said heavy fraction outlet and positioned and dimensioned to give the heavy fraction, flowing toward the heavy fraction outlet, a component of movement directed axially toward said light fraction outlet.
2. The separator of claim 1, in which said guide means are slanted to also give the heavy fraction, flowing toward the heavy fraction outlet, a component of movement directed radially inward.
3. The separator of claim 1, in which said second guide bar forms a screw path running toward the heavy fraction outlet in the direction of rotation opposite to the direction in which the mixture from said tangential inlet rotates.
4. The separator of claim 3, in which said screw path, in extending radially inward from said wall of the conical part, slants toward the heavy fraction outlet, thereby also giving the heavy fraction a component of movement directed radially inward.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE7702500-5 | 1977-03-07 | ||
| SE7702500A SE412529B (en) | 1977-03-07 | 1977-03-07 | DEVICE OF A HYDROCYCLYCLONE Separator TO REDUCE THE RISK OF LOSS OF EASY FRACTION AND SETTLEMENT OF THE HEAVY FRACTION OUTPUT |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1088029A true CA1088029A (en) | 1980-10-21 |
Family
ID=20330634
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA298,405A Expired CA1088029A (en) | 1977-03-07 | 1978-03-07 | Hydrocyclone separator with flow opposing helical guide vanes |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS53112560A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1088029A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2809575C2 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI62775C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2382943A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1562073A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO148059C (en) |
| SE (1) | SE412529B (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1203779A (en) * | 1981-11-19 | 1986-04-29 | David E. Chupka | Noncircular rejects outlet for cyclone separator |
| SE434709B (en) * | 1981-12-04 | 1984-08-13 | Celleco Ab | HYDROCYCLONE CLONER FOR PURPOSING PENSION SUSPENSION WITH HIGH FIBER CONTENT |
| SE435582B (en) * | 1982-09-02 | 1984-10-08 | Karl Arvid Skardal | SPIRIT CLEANER FOR SEPARATION OF FIBER-FLUID SUSPENSIONS, SPECIFICALLY OF PAPER MASS |
| JPS6151955U (en) * | 1984-09-10 | 1986-04-08 | ||
| JPS6333638Y2 (en) * | 1985-08-12 | 1988-09-07 | ||
| JPH0541274A (en) * | 1991-08-06 | 1993-02-19 | Sharp Corp | Electromagnetic induction heating cooker |
| SE469511B (en) * | 1991-12-02 | 1993-07-19 | Celleco Hedemora Ab | HYDROCYCLON WITH TURBULENCING ORGAN |
| GB2485251B (en) * | 2010-11-04 | 2013-03-20 | Aker Process Systems As | Method for separating gas and liquid and cyclone separators therefore |
| DE102022130081A1 (en) | 2022-11-14 | 2024-05-16 | Syntegon Technology Gmbh | Centrifugal separator |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE426877A (en) * | 1936-03-11 | |||
| BE422126A (en) * | 1936-06-16 | |||
| GB667963A (en) * | 1949-01-24 | 1952-03-12 | Humphreys & Glasgow Ltd | Separation of liquid or liquid-suspensions from gas |
| US3399770A (en) * | 1966-01-19 | 1968-09-03 | Beloit Corp | Method for centrifugal separation of particles from a mixture |
| FR1507938A (en) * | 1967-01-19 | 1967-12-29 | Beloit Corp | Method and device for centrifugal separation of particles in a fluid mixture |
| CA941753A (en) * | 1970-09-28 | 1974-02-12 | Elast-O-Cor Products And Engineering Limited | Hydrocyclones |
-
1977
- 1977-03-07 SE SE7702500A patent/SE412529B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1978
- 1978-02-17 NO NO780548A patent/NO148059C/en unknown
- 1978-02-21 FI FI780581A patent/FI62775C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-02-28 GB GB7941/78A patent/GB1562073A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-03-06 FR FR7806283A patent/FR2382943A1/en active Granted
- 1978-03-06 DE DE2809575A patent/DE2809575C2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-03-07 JP JP2504678A patent/JPS53112560A/en active Granted
- 1978-03-07 CA CA298,405A patent/CA1088029A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE412529B (en) | 1980-03-10 |
| DE2809575C2 (en) | 1987-03-19 |
| FR2382943A1 (en) | 1978-10-06 |
| FR2382943B1 (en) | 1982-08-06 |
| NO780548L (en) | 1978-09-08 |
| FI780581A (en) | 1978-09-08 |
| FI62775B (en) | 1982-11-30 |
| JPS6136987B2 (en) | 1986-08-21 |
| JPS53112560A (en) | 1978-10-02 |
| GB1562073A (en) | 1980-03-05 |
| SE7702500L (en) | 1978-09-08 |
| NO148059C (en) | 1983-08-03 |
| FI62775C (en) | 1983-03-10 |
| DE2809575A1 (en) | 1978-09-14 |
| NO148059B (en) | 1983-04-25 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |