CA1087051A - Four stroke engine with two valves per cylinder - Google Patents
Four stroke engine with two valves per cylinderInfo
- Publication number
- CA1087051A CA1087051A CA277,209A CA277209A CA1087051A CA 1087051 A CA1087051 A CA 1087051A CA 277209 A CA277209 A CA 277209A CA 1087051 A CA1087051 A CA 1087051A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- injector
- chamber
- head
- axis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
- F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
- F02B23/0645—Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray
- F02B23/0669—Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray having multiple fuel spray jets per injector nozzle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
- F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
- F02B23/0696—W-piston bowl, i.e. the combustion space having a central projection pointing towards the cylinder head and the surrounding wall being inclined towards the cylinder wall
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
- F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
- F02B2075/027—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F02B2275/14—Direct injection into combustion chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
- F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
- F02B23/0618—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston having in-cylinder means to influence the charge motion
- F02B23/0621—Squish flow
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
- F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
- F02B23/0645—Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray
- F02B23/066—Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray the injector being located substantially off-set from the cylinder centre axis
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The invention provides a four-stroke diesel engine having two valves per cylinder, wherein each injector is located in the cylinder head in such a way as to project at least three jets of fuel in the direction of a combustion chamber formed in a corresponding piston head, the eccentricity of each injector in its cylinder being at most equal to 0.15 times the diameter of the cylinder, the height of the combustion chamber formed in the head of each piston being at least equal to 0.55 times the maximum diameter of the chamber, the eccentricity of the injector being defined as being the distance between the point of intersection of the axis of the cylinder with the plane containing the lower flat face of the cylinder head and the point of intersection of the axis of the injector with the same plane,the height of the chamber being defined as being the greatest depth of the chamber measured parallel to the axis of the cylinder, and the maximum diameter of the chamber being the greatest diameter measured parallel to the lower face of the cylinder head.
The invention provides a four-stroke diesel engine having two valves per cylinder, wherein each injector is located in the cylinder head in such a way as to project at least three jets of fuel in the direction of a combustion chamber formed in a corresponding piston head, the eccentricity of each injector in its cylinder being at most equal to 0.15 times the diameter of the cylinder, the height of the combustion chamber formed in the head of each piston being at least equal to 0.55 times the maximum diameter of the chamber, the eccentricity of the injector being defined as being the distance between the point of intersection of the axis of the cylinder with the plane containing the lower flat face of the cylinder head and the point of intersection of the axis of the injector with the same plane,the height of the chamber being defined as being the greatest depth of the chamber measured parallel to the axis of the cylinder, and the maximum diameter of the chamber being the greatest diameter measured parallel to the lower face of the cylinder head.
Description
05~L
The present invention relates to a four-stroke engine ~
with two valves per cylinder. ~;
Known four-stroke diesel engines with two valves per cylinder and with a combustion chamber incorporated in the piston can be classifled into three main categories:
The first category which is practically obsolete comprises a lateral injector remote from the centre and only able to open into the piston chamber because of the use of a piston having a head which is not flat or which includes an inlet channel to the chamber which itself is not symmetrical.
Alternatively, an injector transfer channel to the chamber situated in the piston is included in the cylinder head. The combustion chamber is then not totally incorporated in the piston.
The second and third categories provide the majority o~ engines which are now manufactured inclustrially with the chamber incorporated in the piston.
The engines of the second category have relatively open, shallow combustion chambers in the piston head and injectors relatively near to the axes of the cylinders, each injector emitting several jets distributed around the periphery of the correspondinc3 chamber.
The perEormAnce of khese en~Ji.nes is excellent, ~or they give good output wlth A low fuel consumption over the whole range of use, and lower temperatures in the critical zones;
they start well ;Erom cold, And give low pollution (liktle smoke) exhaust.
On the other hand, each injec-tor is very near to the inlet and outlet ~penings in the cylinder head, so that the eorJ7 ~a c f 3~ cylinder head~leaving little room to provide sufficiently large cooling water ducts.
~a~87~)5~L ~
The third category concerns enginès which are referred to as having "parietal injection". These engines carry in the piston heads relatively deep combustion chambers .:
wikh f~irly restricted throats which are generally symmetrical, but sometimes include a small channel facilitating the passage of the jets from the injector to the combustion chamber.
The injectors have jets directed in such a way as to spread :
over the surface of the combustion chamber, hence the term ".parietal injector".
Each injector may have a smaller number of jets than the corresponding number for an engine of the second category and in addition, it is, fairly remote from the centre of the corresponding cylinder. ~.
These engines therefore have more accessible injectors, which is advantageous for maintenance and repairs, and it is easier to provide large passages in the cylinder head for the flow o cooling water.
Accordlngly, the invention provides a four-stroke ;
diesel engine having two valves per cylinder, wherein 20 each injector is located in the cylinder head in such a way as to project at least three jets of fuel in the direction of a combustion chamber formed in a corresponding piston head, the eccentricity of each injec-to.r in its cylinder being at least equal to O.lS times the d.iameter o.E the cylinde.r, the height oE the combustion chamber formed in the head of ~nos~
each piston being at 14a~ equal to 0.55 times the maximum diameter oE the chamber, the eccentricity of the injector being deined as beiny the distance between the point of intersection of the axis of the cylinder with the plane containing the lower flat face of the cylinder head and the point of intersection of the axis of the injector with the same plane, the height of :
the chamber beiny defined as being the greatest depth of the 5~
chamber measured parallel to the axis of the cylinder, and the maximum diameter of the chamber being the greatest diameter measured parallel to the lower face of the cylinder head.
~s the injector is generally inc].ined in relation to the axis ofthe cylinder, its position in relation to the latter demands accurate positioning of the intersection of its axis with the lower flat face of the cylinder head, preferably, -~:
each injector has at least three jets of which the impact zones are distributed all around the chamber, these chambers forming a cone of which the apex angle is greater than 90.
The invention will now be descrlbed in more detail, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying : ....
drawings, in which:- :
Figure 1 is an axial section of an engine cylinder according to the invention, and Fiyure 2 is a plan view of the cylinder shown in Fic3ure 1.
In the clrawings, an engine cylinder comprises a liner 1 and a cylinder head 2 provided with avalve 3 mounted in an inlet port, and a vaLve 4 mounted in an exhaust port and an iniector 5.
A combustion chamber 6 is defined within the head o a piston 7 which slides vertically inside the cylinder. This chamber 6 is toroidal, or cylindrical with a ~lat or curved bottom, and has a maximumdiameter 8 and a maximum heigh-t or depth 9.
The cylinder i~ bored to a diameter 10, and the injector is eccentric by a distance 11 in relation to the cylinder, the degree of eccentr.icity being defined as the distance between the point of intersection of the axis of the .~ cylinder with the plane containing the lower flat face of the cylinder and the point of intersection of the axis of the injector with the same plane.
The injector is designed to emit three jets of fuel 12 ~87~
of which the zones of impact are distributed all around the chamber 6 along a cone of which the apex angle is greater than 90.
It can be seen that the described engine has a flat piston and a symmetrical combustion chamber situated in the ~-piston. The eccentricity 11 of the injector in the cylinder is at least 0.15 times and should be between 0.18 and 0.3 times the bore diameter 10 of the said cylinder for optimum performance.
The maximum depth 9 of the combustion chamber 6 of the piston head should be less than 0.55 times the maximum diameter 8 of the said chamber.
Tests have shown that this diesel engine has qualities at least equal and sometimes superior to those oE an engine with direct injection, as regards output, low consumption, stArtiny or reduced pollution, whilst linking the performance with a better distribution oE components in -the cylinder head.
In fact, the injector 5 is sufficiently far away from the valves 3 and 4 for it to be possible to provide large cooling channels for the flow of water and the injectors are.very Accessible .
I'he ~cope oE the invention will not be exceeded by u~lny in~cc~ors capable oE emtttincJ a numbex oE jets oE Euel other than three, or by giving the axis oE the injectors a larger or smaller inclination with regard to the axis oE each cylinder.
I
1.
The present invention relates to a four-stroke engine ~
with two valves per cylinder. ~;
Known four-stroke diesel engines with two valves per cylinder and with a combustion chamber incorporated in the piston can be classifled into three main categories:
The first category which is practically obsolete comprises a lateral injector remote from the centre and only able to open into the piston chamber because of the use of a piston having a head which is not flat or which includes an inlet channel to the chamber which itself is not symmetrical.
Alternatively, an injector transfer channel to the chamber situated in the piston is included in the cylinder head. The combustion chamber is then not totally incorporated in the piston.
The second and third categories provide the majority o~ engines which are now manufactured inclustrially with the chamber incorporated in the piston.
The engines of the second category have relatively open, shallow combustion chambers in the piston head and injectors relatively near to the axes of the cylinders, each injector emitting several jets distributed around the periphery of the correspondinc3 chamber.
The perEormAnce of khese en~Ji.nes is excellent, ~or they give good output wlth A low fuel consumption over the whole range of use, and lower temperatures in the critical zones;
they start well ;Erom cold, And give low pollution (liktle smoke) exhaust.
On the other hand, each injec-tor is very near to the inlet and outlet ~penings in the cylinder head, so that the eorJ7 ~a c f 3~ cylinder head~leaving little room to provide sufficiently large cooling water ducts.
~a~87~)5~L ~
The third category concerns enginès which are referred to as having "parietal injection". These engines carry in the piston heads relatively deep combustion chambers .:
wikh f~irly restricted throats which are generally symmetrical, but sometimes include a small channel facilitating the passage of the jets from the injector to the combustion chamber.
The injectors have jets directed in such a way as to spread :
over the surface of the combustion chamber, hence the term ".parietal injector".
Each injector may have a smaller number of jets than the corresponding number for an engine of the second category and in addition, it is, fairly remote from the centre of the corresponding cylinder. ~.
These engines therefore have more accessible injectors, which is advantageous for maintenance and repairs, and it is easier to provide large passages in the cylinder head for the flow o cooling water.
Accordlngly, the invention provides a four-stroke ;
diesel engine having two valves per cylinder, wherein 20 each injector is located in the cylinder head in such a way as to project at least three jets of fuel in the direction of a combustion chamber formed in a corresponding piston head, the eccentricity of each injec-to.r in its cylinder being at least equal to O.lS times the d.iameter o.E the cylinde.r, the height oE the combustion chamber formed in the head of ~nos~
each piston being at 14a~ equal to 0.55 times the maximum diameter oE the chamber, the eccentricity of the injector being deined as beiny the distance between the point of intersection of the axis of the cylinder with the plane containing the lower flat face of the cylinder head and the point of intersection of the axis of the injector with the same plane, the height of :
the chamber beiny defined as being the greatest depth of the 5~
chamber measured parallel to the axis of the cylinder, and the maximum diameter of the chamber being the greatest diameter measured parallel to the lower face of the cylinder head.
~s the injector is generally inc].ined in relation to the axis ofthe cylinder, its position in relation to the latter demands accurate positioning of the intersection of its axis with the lower flat face of the cylinder head, preferably, -~:
each injector has at least three jets of which the impact zones are distributed all around the chamber, these chambers forming a cone of which the apex angle is greater than 90.
The invention will now be descrlbed in more detail, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying : ....
drawings, in which:- :
Figure 1 is an axial section of an engine cylinder according to the invention, and Fiyure 2 is a plan view of the cylinder shown in Fic3ure 1.
In the clrawings, an engine cylinder comprises a liner 1 and a cylinder head 2 provided with avalve 3 mounted in an inlet port, and a vaLve 4 mounted in an exhaust port and an iniector 5.
A combustion chamber 6 is defined within the head o a piston 7 which slides vertically inside the cylinder. This chamber 6 is toroidal, or cylindrical with a ~lat or curved bottom, and has a maximumdiameter 8 and a maximum heigh-t or depth 9.
The cylinder i~ bored to a diameter 10, and the injector is eccentric by a distance 11 in relation to the cylinder, the degree of eccentr.icity being defined as the distance between the point of intersection of the axis of the .~ cylinder with the plane containing the lower flat face of the cylinder and the point of intersection of the axis of the injector with the same plane.
The injector is designed to emit three jets of fuel 12 ~87~
of which the zones of impact are distributed all around the chamber 6 along a cone of which the apex angle is greater than 90.
It can be seen that the described engine has a flat piston and a symmetrical combustion chamber situated in the ~-piston. The eccentricity 11 of the injector in the cylinder is at least 0.15 times and should be between 0.18 and 0.3 times the bore diameter 10 of the said cylinder for optimum performance.
The maximum depth 9 of the combustion chamber 6 of the piston head should be less than 0.55 times the maximum diameter 8 of the said chamber.
Tests have shown that this diesel engine has qualities at least equal and sometimes superior to those oE an engine with direct injection, as regards output, low consumption, stArtiny or reduced pollution, whilst linking the performance with a better distribution oE components in -the cylinder head.
In fact, the injector 5 is sufficiently far away from the valves 3 and 4 for it to be possible to provide large cooling channels for the flow of water and the injectors are.very Accessible .
I'he ~cope oE the invention will not be exceeded by u~lny in~cc~ors capable oE emtttincJ a numbex oE jets oE Euel other than three, or by giving the axis oE the injectors a larger or smaller inclination with regard to the axis oE each cylinder.
I
1.
Claims (3)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A four-stroke diesel engine having two valves per cylinder, wherein each injector is located in the cylinder head in such a way as to project at least three jets of fuel in the direction of a cylindrical combustion chamber formed in a corresponding piston head, the eccentricity of each injector in its cylinder being at least equal to 0.15 times the diameter of the cylinder, the height of the combustion chamber formed in the head of each piston being at most equal to 0.55 times the maximum diameter of the chamber, the eccentricity of the injector being defined as being the distance between the point of intersection of the axis of the cylinder with the plane containing the lower flat face of the cylinder head and the point of intersection of the axis of the injector with the same plane, the height of the chamber being defined as being the greatest depth of the chamber measured parallel to the axis of the cylinder, and the maximum diameter of the chamber being the greatest diameter measured parallel to the lower face of the cylinder head.
2. A diesel engine according to Claim 1, wherein each injector is eccentric in the corresponding cylinder by a distance between 0.18 and 0.3 times the bore of the cylinder.
3. A diesel engine according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, wherein each injector comprises at least three jets for which the impact zones are distributed all around the corresponding combustion chamber, these jets being distributed along a cone of which the apex angle is greater than 90°.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7613462 | 1976-04-28 | ||
| FR7613462A FR2349745A1 (en) | 1976-04-28 | 1976-04-28 | FOUR-STROKE DIESEL ENGINE WITH DIRECT INJECTION, WITH EXCENTER INJECTOR |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1087051A true CA1087051A (en) | 1980-10-07 |
Family
ID=9172729
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA277,209A Expired CA1087051A (en) | 1976-04-28 | 1977-04-28 | Four stroke engine with two valves per cylinder |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (2) | JPS52142109A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE853793A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1087051A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2717694A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES458170A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2349745A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1578457A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1077533B (en) |
| LU (1) | LU77198A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7704528A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL112363B1 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT66427B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7704858L (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS582423A (en) * | 1981-06-29 | 1983-01-08 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Cylinder injection system diesel engine |
| JPS59172226U (en) * | 1983-05-04 | 1984-11-17 | 日産自動車株式会社 | direct injection diesel engine |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB852984A (en) * | 1958-01-02 | 1960-11-02 | Daimler Benz Ag | Improvements relating to diesel engines with multi-jet injection |
| CH420723A (en) * | 1963-02-28 | 1966-09-15 | Tatra Np | Internal combustion engine with a multi-hole nozzle |
| DE1260858B (en) * | 1964-04-30 | 1968-02-08 | Daimler Benz Ag | Internal combustion engine with direct fuel injection |
-
1976
- 1976-04-28 FR FR7613462A patent/FR2349745A1/en active Granted
-
1977
- 1977-04-12 PT PT66427A patent/PT66427B/en unknown
- 1977-04-14 IT IT22459/77A patent/IT1077533B/en active
- 1977-04-15 JP JP4401377A patent/JPS52142109A/en active Pending
- 1977-04-18 GB GB16056/77A patent/GB1578457A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-04-21 DE DE19772717694 patent/DE2717694A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1977-04-21 BE BE176875A patent/BE853793A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-04-26 LU LU77198A patent/LU77198A1/xx unknown
- 1977-04-26 PL PL1977197647A patent/PL112363B1/en unknown
- 1977-04-26 NL NL7704528A patent/NL7704528A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-04-26 ES ES458170A patent/ES458170A1/en not_active Expired
- 1977-04-27 SE SE7704858A patent/SE7704858L/en unknown
- 1977-04-28 CA CA277,209A patent/CA1087051A/en not_active Expired
-
1985
- 1985-09-30 JP JP1985149909U patent/JPS6163436U/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS52142109A (en) | 1977-11-26 |
| NL7704528A (en) | 1977-11-01 |
| FR2349745A1 (en) | 1977-11-25 |
| SE7704858L (en) | 1977-10-29 |
| BE853793A (en) | 1977-08-16 |
| JPS6163436U (en) | 1986-04-30 |
| PL112363B1 (en) | 1980-10-31 |
| PT66427A (en) | 1977-05-01 |
| ES458170A1 (en) | 1978-11-01 |
| FR2349745B1 (en) | 1981-08-21 |
| DE2717694A1 (en) | 1977-11-10 |
| GB1578457A (en) | 1980-11-05 |
| PT66427B (en) | 1978-09-20 |
| IT1077533B (en) | 1985-05-04 |
| LU77198A1 (en) | 1977-08-17 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |