CA1076966A - Solute transfer technique - Google Patents
Solute transfer techniqueInfo
- Publication number
- CA1076966A CA1076966A CA288,922A CA288922A CA1076966A CA 1076966 A CA1076966 A CA 1076966A CA 288922 A CA288922 A CA 288922A CA 1076966 A CA1076966 A CA 1076966A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- solvent
- membrane
- solute
- along
- segments
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical group OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 13-cis retinol Natural products OCC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N Vitamin A Natural products OC/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930003316 Vitamin D Natural products 0.000 description 1
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N Vitamin D3 Natural products C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C/C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019166 vitamin D Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011710 vitamin D Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003710 vitamin D derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940046008 vitamin d Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/36—Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation
- B01D61/362—Pervaporation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/34—Purifying; Cleaning
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Transferring a solute from a first to a second liquid solvent, utilizing a membrane selectively permeable by a gas and impermeable by the liquids, which method includes the steps of: flowing the first liquid along said membrane, evaporating the first liquid across the membrane to dryness, said evaporation leaving a residue of the former solute on the membrane, and flowing the second liquid along the membrane for dissolving the residue.
Transferring a solute from a first to a second liquid solvent, utilizing a membrane selectively permeable by a gas and impermeable by the liquids, which method includes the steps of: flowing the first liquid along said membrane, evaporating the first liquid across the membrane to dryness, said evaporation leaving a residue of the former solute on the membrane, and flowing the second liquid along the membrane for dissolving the residue.
Description
107~;966 SOLUTE TRANSFER TECHN_QUE
This invention relates to the transfer of a solute from a first to a second liquid solvent, utillzing a membrane selectively permeable by gas and impermeable to such liquids.
It :lncludes the steps of flowing the first liquid along the membrane, evaporating the first liquid across the membrane to leave a residue from the solute and flowing the second liquid along the membrane for dissolving therein the residue. Heretofore it has been common to transfer a substance across a membrane from a donor stream to a recipient stream as in dialysis. The transferred substance tends toreach equilibrium across the membrane in such a dialysis process.
It is known to employ in dialysis a bundle of dialysis tubes which bundle is interposed in a sleeve such that the dialysate passing through a wall of the hollow tubing is conveyed away in the sleeve in which a recipient stream flows. It i8 also known, in solvent extraction techniques, that a sample in a solvent may be extracted into a smaller volume of a second solvent in which some concentration of the sample may occur. However, neither of these techniques involves evaporation of the first solvent. The present invention may include, as previously indicated, the evaporation step to leave the former solute as a residue on the membrane,:and flowing the second llquid along the membrane for dissolving therein the residue.
It is an object of the invention to provide an improved method and apparatus for solvent transfer.
In one particular aspect the present invention provides a method of transferring a solute from a first solvent to a second but different solvent, said method comprising the steps of: (a) flowing a first solvent containing a solute along a selectively .
.
`` 1~7~966 permeable tubular membrane being selective between said first solvent and said solute, and also between said first solvent and a second solvent; (b) evaporating said first solvent from said selectively permeable tubular membrane during flow along said tubular membrane to obtain a residue of solute within said tubular membrane; (c) flowing a second solvent different from said first solvent along said selectively permeable tubular membrane for dissolving said solute residue to form an effluent; and (d) analyzing said effluent.
In another particular aspect the present invention provides apparatus for transferring a solute from a first solvent to a second solvent, comprising: a selectively permeable tubular membrane said membrane being impermeable to said solute and to said second solvent, first means flowing said first solvent along said membrane for evaporation to dryness of said first solvent across said membrane to leave a residue of all of said solute along an inner surface of said membrane, second means for flowing said second solvent along said tubular membrane to dissolve said residue, and analyzing means for analyzing said second solvent containing said solute residue.
In a further particular aspect the present invention provides apparatus for transferring a solute from a first solvent to a second solvent along a tubular membrane comprising: a tubular membrane impermeable to said solute and said second solvent and selectively permeable to said first solvent, and means for flowing said first solvent along with said second solvent along said membrane for evaporation of said first solvent across said membrane to dryness.
Further objects of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the invention.
In the drawing:
2a-' ' ' " ~. ' . ' . , . ,.: . .. .: .
,, , ! . ~: : . ' , '. ' .. . . . . . .. .
10~f~966 Fig. 1 is a somewhat schematic fragmentary view illustrat-ing apparatus embod~ing the invention;
Fig. 2 is an enlarged view taken on line 2-2 of Fig. li Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 1 illustrating modified form and showing a fluid stream flowing through apparatus; and Fig. 4 is a fragmentary view illustrating a different fluid stream flowing through the apparatus.
As shown in Fig. 1, compressible pump tubes 10, 12 and 14 extend through a peristaltic pump 20. The pump tube 10 has an inlet connected to a nonillustrated source of a first solvent liquid. The inlet end of pump tube 12 is open to the ambient air for the supply of air to the tube 12. The inlet end of tube 14 is coupled in a nonillustrated manner to a source of a second solvent. The first solvent has a solute therein whi~h it is desired to transfer therefrom to the second solvent. The tubes 12 and 14 are coupled to the tube 10 downstream from the pump 20 in the illustrated manner. Thus, the continuous operation of the pump 20 effects flowing segments of the first solvent which segments are designated Sl and flowing segments of air, designated A, brack-eting each segment Sl in the tube 10. A pair of air segments A
also bracket each segment of the second solvent, which last-mentioned segments are designated S2, flowing in tube 10. The out-put of tube 10 flows along a membrane which is shown structured as a tube 16 having an inlet coupled to the outlet of tube 10. The tube 16 may be formed of silicone, for example, and is selectively permeable by a gas, but not air, and impermeable by the first and second liquid solvents. The outlet of the tube 16 is coupled to the inlet of tube 18 which may be structured of glass, and it is to be understood that the tubes 10 and 18 are not permeable by gas or liquids. The outlet of tube 18 may be coupled to an analyzer 40.
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107~9~6 The aforementioned supply of the first solvent liquid may be from a conventional sampler. The sample may be a fat-soluble vitamin, such as vitamin A or vitamin D, and the first solvent may be hexane while the second solvent may be methanol or water. The ultimate analysis of the sample by analyzer 40 may be by ultra-violet spectrophotometer or by colorimetèr for example. As in-dicated in Fig. 1 the first solvent segments Sl containing the solute flow along the tube 16 in such manner that, at the inter-face of these segments with the tube 16, segments Sl vaporize with the gas passing through the membrane or tube 16 to the ambient atmosphere. In this manner, the segments Sl become progressively smaller as they flow along the tube 16 to the extent that such segments disappear leaving a nonillustrated residue of the former solute on the membrane or tubing wall. The segments S2 of the second solvent dissolve such residue and the segments S2 flow from the tube 16 to the tube 18 as previously described. Other examples of the first solvent are pentane, chloroform, heptane, tetrahydrofuran, benzene and ethyl acetate. Such solvents evap-orate through the membrane of tube 16. It will be evident from the foregoing that the solute in the first solvent must be soluble in the second solvent in such a solute transfer technique.
~igs. 3 and 4 illustrate a modified form of the invention wherein glass tubes 22, 26 have their respective inlet ends coupled to sources of first and second solvents, respectively, and have their outlet ends connected to a three way valve 24. A solute is present in the first solvent. The valve has an output along glass tube 28 which has an inlet end coupled to the valve 24. A
tube 30 has an end exposed to ambient air and an end connected to the tube 28. Selectively operated pumps 32 are interposed in the tubes 22, 28 and 30, respectively. The tube 28 has an outlet jrc~ 7 . . . . . ..
. , : . , :
:, : . , :- ~ : :: . - .
- , :,: , ' :
:. ~- . .
~0'7~9~6 coupled to the inlet of a silicone tube or the like, indicated at 34, of the type similar to the previously-described tube 16. The outlet end of the tube 34 is coupled to an inlet of a glass tube 36, the outlet of which may be coupled to analyzer 40. The afore-mentioned construction of the apparatus of Figs. 3 and 4 is such that the valve 24 may be opened for passage therethrough of either the first solvent, containing the solute, or the second solvent.
In Fig. 3, there is shown the passage through the last-mentioned apparatus of the first solvent wherein air delivered from the tube 30 into the tube 28 segments the first solvent, with the pumps 32 interposed in the tubes 22, 30 in operation. The first solvent is progressively evaporated, passing ~hrough the tube 34 in a manner previously described with reference to the apparatus in Fig. 1.
However, if desired, the evaporation may be short of dryness. The evaporation may be such as to only concentrate the solute in the first solvént for later preparatory use or analysis in analyzer 40 on exit from the tube 36. In the form of Fig. 3, the first solvent may be completely evaporated to leave the solute as a nonillustrated residue on the internal wall structure of tube 34, with the air segments combining and flowing off through the tube 36. Subsequent to complete evaporation of the first solvent segments Sl the valve 24 is operated to place tube 26 in communication with the tube 34 for the flow of the second solvent segments S2 through the tube 34 as shown in Fig. 4. The pumps 32 interposed in the tubes 26, 30 are operated, with the pump 32 interposed in the tube 22 shut down.
The second solvent segments S2 dissolve the residue of the former solute on the in~ernal wall structure of the tube 34 to convey the solute through the tube 36. The apparatus of Fig. 3 is particularly well suited to receive through the tube 22 an e~fluent stream from a chromotography column but in no way is limited to such use.
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' : . ~
If desired, the first solvent may ~e mixed with a third solvent which may not evaporate through the membrane or tube 34.
In such case, an evaporation of the first solvent, the solute is concentrated ln the third solvent.
While several forms of the invention have been illustrated and described, it will be apparent, especially to those versed in the art, that the invention ma~ take other forms and is susceptible to various changes in details without departing from the principles of the invention.
~rc~
', '-' ' . ;. ' ' . ~' : '~ ' . :
:~: : . : . . . ~ .
: . :
' .: :- ~ ' : '' : ':
This invention relates to the transfer of a solute from a first to a second liquid solvent, utillzing a membrane selectively permeable by gas and impermeable to such liquids.
It :lncludes the steps of flowing the first liquid along the membrane, evaporating the first liquid across the membrane to leave a residue from the solute and flowing the second liquid along the membrane for dissolving therein the residue. Heretofore it has been common to transfer a substance across a membrane from a donor stream to a recipient stream as in dialysis. The transferred substance tends toreach equilibrium across the membrane in such a dialysis process.
It is known to employ in dialysis a bundle of dialysis tubes which bundle is interposed in a sleeve such that the dialysate passing through a wall of the hollow tubing is conveyed away in the sleeve in which a recipient stream flows. It i8 also known, in solvent extraction techniques, that a sample in a solvent may be extracted into a smaller volume of a second solvent in which some concentration of the sample may occur. However, neither of these techniques involves evaporation of the first solvent. The present invention may include, as previously indicated, the evaporation step to leave the former solute as a residue on the membrane,:and flowing the second llquid along the membrane for dissolving therein the residue.
It is an object of the invention to provide an improved method and apparatus for solvent transfer.
In one particular aspect the present invention provides a method of transferring a solute from a first solvent to a second but different solvent, said method comprising the steps of: (a) flowing a first solvent containing a solute along a selectively .
.
`` 1~7~966 permeable tubular membrane being selective between said first solvent and said solute, and also between said first solvent and a second solvent; (b) evaporating said first solvent from said selectively permeable tubular membrane during flow along said tubular membrane to obtain a residue of solute within said tubular membrane; (c) flowing a second solvent different from said first solvent along said selectively permeable tubular membrane for dissolving said solute residue to form an effluent; and (d) analyzing said effluent.
In another particular aspect the present invention provides apparatus for transferring a solute from a first solvent to a second solvent, comprising: a selectively permeable tubular membrane said membrane being impermeable to said solute and to said second solvent, first means flowing said first solvent along said membrane for evaporation to dryness of said first solvent across said membrane to leave a residue of all of said solute along an inner surface of said membrane, second means for flowing said second solvent along said tubular membrane to dissolve said residue, and analyzing means for analyzing said second solvent containing said solute residue.
In a further particular aspect the present invention provides apparatus for transferring a solute from a first solvent to a second solvent along a tubular membrane comprising: a tubular membrane impermeable to said solute and said second solvent and selectively permeable to said first solvent, and means for flowing said first solvent along with said second solvent along said membrane for evaporation of said first solvent across said membrane to dryness.
Further objects of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the invention.
In the drawing:
2a-' ' ' " ~. ' . ' . , . ,.: . .. .: .
,, , ! . ~: : . ' , '. ' .. . . . . . .. .
10~f~966 Fig. 1 is a somewhat schematic fragmentary view illustrat-ing apparatus embod~ing the invention;
Fig. 2 is an enlarged view taken on line 2-2 of Fig. li Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 1 illustrating modified form and showing a fluid stream flowing through apparatus; and Fig. 4 is a fragmentary view illustrating a different fluid stream flowing through the apparatus.
As shown in Fig. 1, compressible pump tubes 10, 12 and 14 extend through a peristaltic pump 20. The pump tube 10 has an inlet connected to a nonillustrated source of a first solvent liquid. The inlet end of pump tube 12 is open to the ambient air for the supply of air to the tube 12. The inlet end of tube 14 is coupled in a nonillustrated manner to a source of a second solvent. The first solvent has a solute therein whi~h it is desired to transfer therefrom to the second solvent. The tubes 12 and 14 are coupled to the tube 10 downstream from the pump 20 in the illustrated manner. Thus, the continuous operation of the pump 20 effects flowing segments of the first solvent which segments are designated Sl and flowing segments of air, designated A, brack-eting each segment Sl in the tube 10. A pair of air segments A
also bracket each segment of the second solvent, which last-mentioned segments are designated S2, flowing in tube 10. The out-put of tube 10 flows along a membrane which is shown structured as a tube 16 having an inlet coupled to the outlet of tube 10. The tube 16 may be formed of silicone, for example, and is selectively permeable by a gas, but not air, and impermeable by the first and second liquid solvents. The outlet of the tube 16 is coupled to the inlet of tube 18 which may be structured of glass, and it is to be understood that the tubes 10 and 18 are not permeable by gas or liquids. The outlet of tube 18 may be coupled to an analyzer 40.
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107~9~6 The aforementioned supply of the first solvent liquid may be from a conventional sampler. The sample may be a fat-soluble vitamin, such as vitamin A or vitamin D, and the first solvent may be hexane while the second solvent may be methanol or water. The ultimate analysis of the sample by analyzer 40 may be by ultra-violet spectrophotometer or by colorimetèr for example. As in-dicated in Fig. 1 the first solvent segments Sl containing the solute flow along the tube 16 in such manner that, at the inter-face of these segments with the tube 16, segments Sl vaporize with the gas passing through the membrane or tube 16 to the ambient atmosphere. In this manner, the segments Sl become progressively smaller as they flow along the tube 16 to the extent that such segments disappear leaving a nonillustrated residue of the former solute on the membrane or tubing wall. The segments S2 of the second solvent dissolve such residue and the segments S2 flow from the tube 16 to the tube 18 as previously described. Other examples of the first solvent are pentane, chloroform, heptane, tetrahydrofuran, benzene and ethyl acetate. Such solvents evap-orate through the membrane of tube 16. It will be evident from the foregoing that the solute in the first solvent must be soluble in the second solvent in such a solute transfer technique.
~igs. 3 and 4 illustrate a modified form of the invention wherein glass tubes 22, 26 have their respective inlet ends coupled to sources of first and second solvents, respectively, and have their outlet ends connected to a three way valve 24. A solute is present in the first solvent. The valve has an output along glass tube 28 which has an inlet end coupled to the valve 24. A
tube 30 has an end exposed to ambient air and an end connected to the tube 28. Selectively operated pumps 32 are interposed in the tubes 22, 28 and 30, respectively. The tube 28 has an outlet jrc~ 7 . . . . . ..
. , : . , :
:, : . , :- ~ : :: . - .
- , :,: , ' :
:. ~- . .
~0'7~9~6 coupled to the inlet of a silicone tube or the like, indicated at 34, of the type similar to the previously-described tube 16. The outlet end of the tube 34 is coupled to an inlet of a glass tube 36, the outlet of which may be coupled to analyzer 40. The afore-mentioned construction of the apparatus of Figs. 3 and 4 is such that the valve 24 may be opened for passage therethrough of either the first solvent, containing the solute, or the second solvent.
In Fig. 3, there is shown the passage through the last-mentioned apparatus of the first solvent wherein air delivered from the tube 30 into the tube 28 segments the first solvent, with the pumps 32 interposed in the tubes 22, 30 in operation. The first solvent is progressively evaporated, passing ~hrough the tube 34 in a manner previously described with reference to the apparatus in Fig. 1.
However, if desired, the evaporation may be short of dryness. The evaporation may be such as to only concentrate the solute in the first solvént for later preparatory use or analysis in analyzer 40 on exit from the tube 36. In the form of Fig. 3, the first solvent may be completely evaporated to leave the solute as a nonillustrated residue on the internal wall structure of tube 34, with the air segments combining and flowing off through the tube 36. Subsequent to complete evaporation of the first solvent segments Sl the valve 24 is operated to place tube 26 in communication with the tube 34 for the flow of the second solvent segments S2 through the tube 34 as shown in Fig. 4. The pumps 32 interposed in the tubes 26, 30 are operated, with the pump 32 interposed in the tube 22 shut down.
The second solvent segments S2 dissolve the residue of the former solute on the in~ernal wall structure of the tube 34 to convey the solute through the tube 36. The apparatus of Fig. 3 is particularly well suited to receive through the tube 22 an e~fluent stream from a chromotography column but in no way is limited to such use.
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' : . ~
If desired, the first solvent may ~e mixed with a third solvent which may not evaporate through the membrane or tube 34.
In such case, an evaporation of the first solvent, the solute is concentrated ln the third solvent.
While several forms of the invention have been illustrated and described, it will be apparent, especially to those versed in the art, that the invention ma~ take other forms and is susceptible to various changes in details without departing from the principles of the invention.
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', '-' ' . ;. ' ' . ~' : '~ ' . :
:~: : . : . . . ~ .
: . :
' .: :- ~ ' : '' : ':
Claims (16)
PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method of transferring a solute from a first solvent to a second but different solvent, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) flowing a first solvent containing a solute along a selectively permeable tubular membrane, said selectively permeable tubular membrane being selective between said first solvent and said solute, and also between said first solvent and a second solvent;
(b) evaporating said first solvent from said selectively permeable tubular membrane during flow along said tubular membrane to obtain a residue of solute within said tubular membrane;
(c) flowing a second solvent different from said first solvent along said selectively permeable tubular membrane for dissolving said solute residue to form an effluent; and (d) analyzing said effluent.
(a) flowing a first solvent containing a solute along a selectively permeable tubular membrane, said selectively permeable tubular membrane being selective between said first solvent and said solute, and also between said first solvent and a second solvent;
(b) evaporating said first solvent from said selectively permeable tubular membrane during flow along said tubular membrane to obtain a residue of solute within said tubular membrane;
(c) flowing a second solvent different from said first solvent along said selectively permeable tubular membrane for dissolving said solute residue to form an effluent; and (d) analyzing said effluent.
2. The method of Claim 1, wherein said analyzing step (d) is carried out by the method of spectrophotometry.
3. The method of Claim 2, wherein said analyzing step (d) is carried out by the method of colorimetry.
4. A method as defined in Claim 1, further comprising the further step of flowing said first solvent along said membrane in segments separated by an immiscible gas to which said membrane is impermeable.
5. A method as defined in Claim 4, wherein said second solvent is caused to flow along said membrane in segments intermediate of said first solvent.
6. A method as defined in Claim 1, wherein said membrane is formed of silicone.
7. A method as defined in Claim 1, wherein said first solvent is selected from a group consisting of: pentane, hexane, chloroform, heptane, tetrahydrofuran, benzene and ethyl acetate.
8. A method as defined in Claim 1, wherein said second solvent is methanol.
9. A method as defined in Claim 1, wherein said second solvent is water.
10. Apparatus for transferring a solute from a first solvent to a second solvent, comprising: a selectively permeable tubular membrane, said membrane being impermeable to said solute and to said second solvent, first means flowing said first solvent along said membrane for evaporation to dryness of said first solvent across said membrane to leave a residue of all of said solute along an inner surface of said membrane, second means for flowing said second solvent along said tubular membrane to dissolve said residue, and analyzing means for analyzing said second solvent containing said solute residue.
11. The apparatus of Claim 10, wherein said analyzing means is a spectrophotometer.
12. The apparatus of Claim 10, wherein said analyzing means is a colorimeter.
13. Apparatus as defined in Claim 10, wherein second means includes means for segmenting said first solvent with segments of an immiscible gas, said membrane being impermeable to said immiscible gas.
14. Apparatus as defined in Claim 13, wherein said second means further includes means for introducing said second solvent as discrete segments intermediate successive segments of said first solvent and separated therefrom by immiscible gas segments, said membrane being impermeable to said immiscible gas.
15. Apparatus for transferring a solute from a first solvent to a second solvent along a tubular membrane comprising:
a tubular membrane impermeable to said solute and said second solvent and selectively permeable to said first solvent, and means for flowing said first solvent along with said second solvent along said membrane for evaporation of said first solvent across said membrane to dryness.
a tubular membrane impermeable to said solute and said second solvent and selectively permeable to said first solvent, and means for flowing said first solvent along with said second solvent along said membrane for evaporation of said first solvent across said membrane to dryness.
16. Apparatus as defined in Claim 15, wherein said means for flowing said first solvent along with said second solvent along said membrane for evaporation of said first solvent across said membrane to dryness, segments said first solvent with segments of an immiscible gas impermeable to said membrane and segments of said second solvent.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US75477376A | 1976-12-27 | 1976-12-27 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1076966A true CA1076966A (en) | 1980-05-06 |
Family
ID=25036276
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA288,922A Expired CA1076966A (en) | 1976-12-27 | 1977-10-18 | Solute transfer technique |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5382655A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1076966A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2756131A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2374934A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1593749A (en) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2386826A (en) * | 1942-01-10 | 1945-10-16 | Sylvania Ind Corp | Process and apparatus for treating fluid compositions |
| US2797149A (en) * | 1953-01-08 | 1957-06-25 | Technicon International Ltd | Methods of and apparatus for analyzing liquids containing crystalloid and non-crystalloid constituents |
| US3361645A (en) * | 1966-08-09 | 1968-01-02 | Bruce R. Bodell | Distillation of saline water using silicone rubber membrane |
| US3591493A (en) * | 1968-06-17 | 1971-07-06 | Rashid A Zeineh | Method for the treatment of biological fluids and apparatus therefor |
| IT994599B (en) * | 1972-08-23 | 1975-10-20 | Technicon Instr | SEPARATOR TO SEPARATE IMMISCABLE FLUIDS IN CONTINUOUS FLOW |
-
1977
- 1977-10-18 CA CA288,922A patent/CA1076966A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-05 GB GB50595/77A patent/GB1593749A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-12 JP JP14828177A patent/JPS5382655A/en active Pending
- 1977-12-16 DE DE19772756131 patent/DE2756131A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1977-12-20 FR FR7738366A patent/FR2374934A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2756131A1 (en) | 1978-07-06 |
| FR2374934A1 (en) | 1978-07-21 |
| JPS5382655A (en) | 1978-07-21 |
| GB1593749A (en) | 1981-07-22 |
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