GB1593749A - Evaporation of solutions and solute transfer - Google Patents
Evaporation of solutions and solute transfer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1593749A GB1593749A GB50595/77A GB5059577A GB1593749A GB 1593749 A GB1593749 A GB 1593749A GB 50595/77 A GB50595/77 A GB 50595/77A GB 5059577 A GB5059577 A GB 5059577A GB 1593749 A GB1593749 A GB 1593749A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- solvent
- tube
- segments
- solute
- solution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 119
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940076134 benzene Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 13-cis retinol Natural products OCC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N Vitamin A Natural products OC/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930003316 Vitamin D Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N Vitamin D3 Natural products C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C/C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019166 vitamin D Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011710 vitamin D Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003710 vitamin D derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940046008 vitamin d Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical group CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/36—Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation
- B01D61/362—Pervaporation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/34—Purifying; Cleaning
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Description
(54) EVAPORATION OF SOLUTIONS AND SOLUTE TRANSFER
(71) We, TECHNICON INSTRUMENTS
CORPORATION, a corporation organised under the laws of the State of New York,
United States of America, of Tarrytown,
New York 10591, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: This invention is concerned with a method of transferring a solute from solution in a first liquid volatile solvent to solution in a second liquid solvent, and with apparatus useful for this purpose.
It is known to transfer a substance across a membrane from a donor stream to a recipient stream, as in dialysis. The transferred substance tends to reach equilibrium across the membrane in such a dialysis process. It is known to employ in dialysis a bundle of dialysis tubes which bundle is disposed in a sleeve such that the dialysate passing through a wall of the hollow tubing is conveyed away in the sleeve in which a recipient stream flows.
It is also known, in solvent extraction techniques, that a solute in a solvent may be extracted into a smaller volume of a second solvent. However, neither of these techniques involves evaporation of the first solvent.
We have now devised a method of transferring a solute from solution in one solvent to solution in another, by evaporating the first solution to dryness and dissolving the solute residue in the second solvent.
According to the invention there is provided a method of transferring a solute from solution in a first liquid volatile solvent to solution in a second liquid solvent, which comprises flowing a solution of the solute in the first solvent along a membrane which is selectively permeable to the first solvent vapour but impermeable to the liquid solvents and the solute; evaporating the solution to dryness at the interface of the solution and the membrane, first solvent vapour passing through the membrane, to leave a residue of the solute; and flowing a second liquid solvent along the membrane to dissolve said residue.
The invention further includes apparatus for transferring a solute from solution in a first volatile liquid solvent to solution in a second liquid solvent comprising: a conduit having a wall comprising a membrane impermeable to said liquid solvents and selectively permeable to the vapour of said first solvent; means for flowing along said conduit in contact with said membrane a segmented stream comprising segments of said solution in a first solvent, segments of said second solvent, and segments of a gas which is immiscible both with the said solution and with the said second solvent, the gas segments separating said solution and solvent segments whereby, in use, the said solution in a first solvent is evaporated to dryness by evaporation of the first solvent through the membrane and the solute residue so formed is dissolved by the second solvent.
In order that the invention may be more fully understood, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIGURE 1 is a somewhat schematic fragmentary view illustrating one form of apparatus embodying the invention;
FIGURE 2 is an enlarged view taken on line 2-2 of Figure l; FIGURE 3 is a view similar to Figure 1 illustrating a modified form of apparatus and showing a fluid stream flowing through the apparatus; and
FIGURE 4 is a fragmentary view illustrating a different fluid stream flowing through the apparatus of Figure 3.
As shown in Figure 1, compressible pump tubes 10, 12 and 14 extend through a peristaltic pump 20. The pump tube 10 has an inlet connected to a non-illustrated source of a first solvent (i.e. solution ofsolute in first solvent) liquid. The inlet end of pump tube 12 is open to the ambient air for the supply of air to the tube 12. The inlet end of tube 14 is coupled in a non-illustrated manner to a source of a second solvent. The first solvent has a solute therein which it is desired to transfer therefrom to the second solvent. The tubes 12 and 14 are coupled to the tube 10 downstream from the pump 20 in the illus trated manner. Thus, the continuous operation of the pump 20 effects flowing segments of the first solvent which segments are designated SI and flowing segments of air, designated A, bracketing each segment S1 in the tube 10. A pair of air segments A also bracket each segmcnt of the second solvent, which last-mentioned segments are designated S2, flowing in tube 10. The output of tube 10 flows along a membrane which is shown structured as a tube 16 having an inlet coupled to the outlet of tube 10. The tube 16 may be formed of silicone, for example, and is selectively permeable by the first solvent vapour, but not by air, and impermeable to the first and second liquid solvents and the solute. The outlet of the tube 16 is coupled to the inlet of tube 18 which may be structured of glass, and it is to be understood that the tubes 10 and 18 are not permeable by gas or liquids.
The aforementioned supply of the first solvent liquid may be from a conventional sampler. The sample may, for example be a fat-soluble vitamin, such as vitamin A or vitamin D, and the first solvent may, for example be hexane while the second solvent may, for example, be methanol or water. The ultimate analysis of the solute transferred to the second solvent may be by ultraviolet spectrophotometer or by colorimeter, for example. As indicated in Figure 1, the first solvent segments SI containing the solute flow along the tube 16 in such manner that, at the interface of these segments with the tube 16, segments SI vaporize with the gas passing through the membrane or tube 16 to the ambient atmosphere. In this manner, the segments SI become progressively smaller as they flow along the tube 16 to the extent that such segments disappear leaving a nonillustrated residue of the former solute on the membrane or tubing wall. The segments S2 of the second solvent dissolve such residue and the segments S2 flow from the tube 16 to the tube 18 as previously described. Other examples of the first solvent are pcntane, chloroform. heptane, tetrahydrofuran, ben zene and ethyl acetate. Such solvents evaporate (as the vapour) through the membrane of tube 16. It will be evident from the foregoing that the solute in the first solvent must be soluble in the second solvent in such a solute transfer technique.
Figures 3 and 4 illustrate a modified form of the invention wherein glass tubes 22. 26 have their respective inlet ends coupled to sources of first and second solvents. respectively, and have their outlet ends connected to a three way valve 24. A solute is present in the first solvent. The valve has an output to a glass tube 28 which has an inlet end coupled to the valve 24. A tube 30 has an end exposed to ambient air and an end connected to the tube 28. Selectively operated pumps 32 are interposed in the tubes 22, 26 and 30, respectively. The tube 28 has an outlet coupled to the inlet of a silicon tube or the like, indicated at 34, of the type similar to the previously-described tube 16. The outlet end of the tube 34 is coupled to an inlet of a glass tube 36. The aforementioned construction of the apparatus of Figures 3 and 4 is such that the valve 24 may be opened for passage therethrough of either the first solvent, containing the solute or the second solvent. In
Figure 3, there is shown the passage through the last-mentioned apparatus of the first solvent wherein air delivered from the tube 30 into the tube 28 segments the first solvent, with the pumps 32 interposed in the tubes 22, 30 in operation. The first solvent is progressively evaporated, passing through the tube 34 in a manner previously described with reference to the apparatus in Figure 1. In the form of Figure 3, the first solvent is completely evaporated to leave the solute as a non-illustrated residue on the internal wall structure of tube 34, with the air segments combining and flowing off through the tube 36. Subsequent to complete evaporation of the first solvent segments Sl, the valve 24 is operated to place tube 26 in communication with the tube 34 for the flow of the second solvent segments S2 through the tube 34 as shown in Figure 4. The pumps 32 interposed in the tubes 26, 30 are operated, with the pump 32 interposed in the tube 22 shut down. The second solvent segments S2 dissolve the residue of the former solute on the internal wall structure of the tube 34 to convey the solute through the tube 36. The apparatus of Figure 3 is particularly well suited to receive through the tube 22 an effluent stream from a chromotography column but in no way is limited to such use.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS:- I. A method of transferring a solute from solution in a first liquid volatile solvent to solution in a second liquid solvent, which comprises flowing a solution of the solute in the first solvent along a membrane which is selectively permeable to the first solvent vapour but impermeable to the liquid solvents and the solute; evaporating the solution to dryness at the interface of the solution and the membrane, first solvent vapour passing through the membrane. to leave a residue of the solute; and flowing a second liquid solvent along the membrane to dissolve said residue.
2. A method according to claim I, wherein the solution in the first solvent flowing along the membrane is segmented by a gas which is immiscible with the solution.
3. A method according to claim 2.
wherein the second solvent is flowed along the membrane in segments intermediate segments of the solution in the first solvent.
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (13)
- **WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **.trated manner. Thus, the continuous operation of the pump 20 effects flowing segments of the first solvent which segments are designated SI and flowing segments of air, designated A, bracketing each segment S1 in the tube 10. A pair of air segments A also bracket each segmcnt of the second solvent, which last-mentioned segments are designated S2, flowing in tube 10. The output of tube 10 flows along a membrane which is shown structured as a tube 16 having an inlet coupled to the outlet of tube 10. The tube 16 may be formed of silicone, for example, and is selectively permeable by the first solvent vapour, but not by air, and impermeable to the first and second liquid solvents and the solute. The outlet of the tube 16 is coupled to the inlet of tube 18 which may be structured of glass, and it is to be understood that the tubes 10 and 18 are not permeable by gas or liquids.The aforementioned supply of the first solvent liquid may be from a conventional sampler. The sample may, for example be a fat-soluble vitamin, such as vitamin A or vitamin D, and the first solvent may, for example be hexane while the second solvent may, for example, be methanol or water. The ultimate analysis of the solute transferred to the second solvent may be by ultraviolet spectrophotometer or by colorimeter, for example. As indicated in Figure 1, the first solvent segments SI containing the solute flow along the tube 16 in such manner that, at the interface of these segments with the tube 16, segments SI vaporize with the gas passing through the membrane or tube 16 to the ambient atmosphere. In this manner, the segments SI become progressively smaller as they flow along the tube 16 to the extent that such segments disappear leaving a nonillustrated residue of the former solute on the membrane or tubing wall. The segments S2 of the second solvent dissolve such residue and the segments S2 flow from the tube 16 to the tube 18 as previously described. Other examples of the first solvent are pcntane, chloroform. heptane, tetrahydrofuran, ben zene and ethyl acetate. Such solvents evaporate (as the vapour) through the membrane of tube 16. It will be evident from the foregoing that the solute in the first solvent must be soluble in the second solvent in such a solute transfer technique.Figures 3 and 4 illustrate a modified form of the invention wherein glass tubes 22. 26 have their respective inlet ends coupled to sources of first and second solvents. respectively, and have their outlet ends connected to a three way valve 24. A solute is present in the first solvent. The valve has an output to a glass tube 28 which has an inlet end coupled to the valve 24. A tube 30 has an end exposed to ambient air and an end connected to the tube 28. Selectively operated pumps 32 are interposed in the tubes 22, 26 and 30, respectively. The tube 28 has an outlet coupled to the inlet of a silicon tube or the like, indicated at 34, of the type similar to the previously-described tube 16. The outlet end of the tube 34 is coupled to an inlet of a glass tube 36. The aforementioned construction of the apparatus of Figures 3 and 4 is such that the valve 24 may be opened for passage therethrough of either the first solvent, containing the solute or the second solvent. In Figure 3, there is shown the passage through the last-mentioned apparatus of the first solvent wherein air delivered from the tube 30 into the tube 28 segments the first solvent, with the pumps 32 interposed in the tubes 22, 30 in operation. The first solvent is progressively evaporated, passing through the tube 34 in a manner previously described with reference to the apparatus in Figure 1. In the form of Figure 3, the first solvent is completely evaporated to leave the solute as a non-illustrated residue on the internal wall structure of tube 34, with the air segments combining and flowing off through the tube 36. Subsequent to complete evaporation of the first solvent segments Sl, the valve 24 is operated to place tube 26 in communication with the tube 34 for the flow of the second solvent segments S2 through the tube 34 as shown in Figure 4. The pumps 32 interposed in the tubes 26, 30 are operated, with the pump 32 interposed in the tube 22 shut down. The second solvent segments S2 dissolve the residue of the former solute on the internal wall structure of the tube 34 to convey the solute through the tube 36. The apparatus of Figure 3 is particularly well suited to receive through the tube 22 an effluent stream from a chromotography column but in no way is limited to such use.WHAT WE CLAIM IS:- I. A method of transferring a solute from solution in a first liquid volatile solvent to solution in a second liquid solvent, which comprises flowing a solution of the solute in the first solvent along a membrane which is selectively permeable to the first solvent vapour but impermeable to the liquid solvents and the solute; evaporating the solution to dryness at the interface of the solution and the membrane, first solvent vapour passing through the membrane. to leave a residue of the solute; and flowing a second liquid solvent along the membrane to dissolve said residue.
- 2. A method according to claim I, wherein the solution in the first solvent flowing along the membrane is segmented by a gas which is immiscible with the solution.
- 3. A method according to claim 2.wherein the second solvent is flowed along the membrane in segments intermediate segments of the solution in the first solvent.
- 4. A method according to claim 1, 2 or 3,wherein the membrane is in the form of a hollow tube and the solution in the first solvent, and the second solvent are flowed through the tube.
- 5. A method according to any preceding claim wherein the membrane is formed of silicone.
- 6. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the first solvent is pentane, hexane, chloroform, heptane, tetrahydrofuran, benzene or ethyl acetate.
- 7. A method according to any of claims I to 6, wherein the second solvent is methanol.
- 8. A method according to any of claims I to 6, wherein the second solvent is water.
- 9. A method according to any preceding claim which includes the further step of subjecting the solute in the second solvent to analysis.
- 10. A method of transferring a solute from solution in a first liquid volatile solvent to solution in a second liquid solvent, substantially as herein described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 or Figures 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawings.
- 11. Apparatus for transferring a solute from solution in a first volatile liquid solvent to solution in a second liquid solvent comprising: a conduit having a wall comprising a membrane impermeable to said liquid solvents and selectively permeable to the vapour of said first solvent; means for flowing along said conduit in contact with said membrane a segmented stream comprising segments of said solution in a first solvent, segments of said second solvent, and segments of a gas which is immiscible both with the said solution and with the said second solvent, the gas segments separating said solution and solvent segments whereby, in use, the said solution in a first solvent is evaporated to dryness by evaporation of the first solvent through the membrane and the solute residue so formed is dissolved by the second solvent.
- 12. Apparatus according to claim II, wherein said membrane is structured in tubular fashion to define at least a length of said conduit.
- 13. Apparatus according to claim II substantially as herein described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 or 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US75477376A | 1976-12-17 | 1976-12-17 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1593749A true GB1593749A (en) | 1981-07-22 |
Family
ID=25036276
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB50595/77A Expired GB1593749A (en) | 1976-12-27 | 1977-12-05 | Evaporation of solutions and solute transfer |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5382655A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1076966A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2756131A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2374934A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1593749A (en) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2386826A (en) * | 1942-01-10 | 1945-10-16 | Sylvania Ind Corp | Process and apparatus for treating fluid compositions |
| US2797149A (en) * | 1953-01-08 | 1957-06-25 | Technicon International Ltd | Methods of and apparatus for analyzing liquids containing crystalloid and non-crystalloid constituents |
| US3361645A (en) * | 1966-08-09 | 1968-01-02 | Bruce R. Bodell | Distillation of saline water using silicone rubber membrane |
| US3591493A (en) * | 1968-06-17 | 1971-07-06 | Rashid A Zeineh | Method for the treatment of biological fluids and apparatus therefor |
| IT994599B (en) * | 1972-08-23 | 1975-10-20 | Technicon Instr | SEPARATOR TO SEPARATE IMMISCABLE FLUIDS IN CONTINUOUS FLOW |
-
1977
- 1977-10-18 CA CA288,922A patent/CA1076966A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-05 GB GB50595/77A patent/GB1593749A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-12 JP JP14828177A patent/JPS5382655A/en active Pending
- 1977-12-16 DE DE19772756131 patent/DE2756131A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1977-12-20 FR FR7738366A patent/FR2374934A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2374934A1 (en) | 1978-07-21 |
| JPS5382655A (en) | 1978-07-21 |
| DE2756131A1 (en) | 1978-07-06 |
| CA1076966A (en) | 1980-05-06 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| CSNS | Application of which complete specification have been accepted and published, but patent is not sealed |