CA1071364A - Trilobal synthetic textile filament - Google Patents
Trilobal synthetic textile filamentInfo
- Publication number
- CA1071364A CA1071364A CA231,760A CA231760A CA1071364A CA 1071364 A CA1071364 A CA 1071364A CA 231760 A CA231760 A CA 231760A CA 1071364 A CA1071364 A CA 1071364A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- arcs
- filament
- concave
- curvature
- convex
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/253—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a non-circular cross section; Spinnerette packs therefor
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The present invention is a synthetic textile filament having a novel configuration comprising three or more rounded projections or lobes, which provide desired bulk and soil-hiding properties, and two or more substantially flat sides, which provide desired luster. In cross section, the surface of the filament is a continuum of alternating convex and concave arcs of different radii of curvature, as a result of which any distortions in the shape of the filament --e.g., during spinning and/or texturing operations -- do not result in substantial changes in bulk or in luster, which would be manifested as streaks in fabric constructions subsequently prepared there from.
The present invention is a synthetic textile filament having a novel configuration comprising three or more rounded projections or lobes, which provide desired bulk and soil-hiding properties, and two or more substantially flat sides, which provide desired luster. In cross section, the surface of the filament is a continuum of alternating convex and concave arcs of different radii of curvature, as a result of which any distortions in the shape of the filament --e.g., during spinning and/or texturing operations -- do not result in substantial changes in bulk or in luster, which would be manifested as streaks in fabric constructions subsequently prepared there from.
Description
:~O~L3~
This invention relates to textiles in general, and in particular to improved synthetic textile yarns, which comprise filaments having a configuration designed to achieve enhanced and consistent bulk and luster and also impro~ed soil-hiding properties.
It is well kno~n that certain shaped filaments provide more bulk and cover than an equal weight of filaments of round cross section. One Q
example is the thin ~yl1 shape of Canadian Patent ~ &~.
It is also known that certain shapes with substantially flat sides provide higher luster or sparkle than those of round cross-section, e.g., 10 Canadian Patent 617,887 suggests a triangular shape.
Furthermore, it is known that certain tri-lobal shapes exhibit less apparent soiling than round shapes? as taught in Canadian Patent 621,304.
However, none of the three abovementioned shapes provide improve-ments in all three properties of bulk, luster and soil-hiding. The ~Y~
shape is good for bulk, but not for luster. The triangular shape is good for luster, but not for bulk. The tri-lobal shape is good for soil-hiding, but achieves only moderate improvements in bulk and luster.
~ nother problem associated with the production of shaped man-made filaments is that it is difficult to control the yarn manufacturing steps to 20 obtain all the filaments~of the same shape and size. If only a few fila-: ' 'ments in one end of yarn are of a different shape, then that end of yarn may have a diffirent luster or bulk compared to other yarn ends, and cause a streak in carpets or fabrics. Al*hough this occurrence is not frequent, it is nevertheless a problem of practical importance5 since o~e off-standard çnd in 1000 or more ends of a fabric or carpet causes the final product to .
` be downgraded in quality.
Distortion of Y-shaped filaments commonly occurs in hot crimping i :
prooes~ses where the heated filaments~are compressed, e g., in a stuffing box. ~nother type of change of shape may occur with traingular-shaped filaments. During the spinning process, if the polymer viscosity is lower, or the melt spinning temperature is higher than desired, then the shape of the spun filament becomes rounder~ with less luster. Still another dis-tortion can occur, when in the large scale manufacture of trilobal-shaped filaments a shaped spinneret hole becomes partially blocked, and one lobe is accidentally lost.
Accordingly, investigators have recently become interested in more irregular shapes which are less sensitive to the risk of producing streaks. One approach has been to produce an irregular "Y" shape in which 10 the lobes are oriented at different angles to each other (Canadian Patent 692~857~. Alternatively, one of the lobes may be displaced, or the three l~lobes~' may have a common configuration which is different from the traditional rounded projection characteristic of the trilobal structure.
Other modifications comprehend the utilization of yarns comprised of two different shapes of filaments, or the employment of yarns comprising different sizes of filaments haYing the sa~e shape. See for example United States Patent n~ber 3,164,949 issued January 12, 1965 to Gilbert Pitzl assignor to E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
In view of today's requirements for greater uniformity in finished 20 products, as well as reduced cost and enhanced speed and efficiency in manufacturing operations, the present invention provides a single synthetic textile filament which will contribute positively to the bulk, luster, and soil-hiding properties of yarns, but will not contribute to the forma-tion of undesirable streaks in finished products if the configuration of the filament is appreciably distorted during normal spinning and/or sub-sequent processing operations.
This is achieved, and advantages over the prior art are afforded according to the present invention, by providing a synthetic textile filament~ the cross sectional configuration of which comprises three or '
This invention relates to textiles in general, and in particular to improved synthetic textile yarns, which comprise filaments having a configuration designed to achieve enhanced and consistent bulk and luster and also impro~ed soil-hiding properties.
It is well kno~n that certain shaped filaments provide more bulk and cover than an equal weight of filaments of round cross section. One Q
example is the thin ~yl1 shape of Canadian Patent ~ &~.
It is also known that certain shapes with substantially flat sides provide higher luster or sparkle than those of round cross-section, e.g., 10 Canadian Patent 617,887 suggests a triangular shape.
Furthermore, it is known that certain tri-lobal shapes exhibit less apparent soiling than round shapes? as taught in Canadian Patent 621,304.
However, none of the three abovementioned shapes provide improve-ments in all three properties of bulk, luster and soil-hiding. The ~Y~
shape is good for bulk, but not for luster. The triangular shape is good for luster, but not for bulk. The tri-lobal shape is good for soil-hiding, but achieves only moderate improvements in bulk and luster.
~ nother problem associated with the production of shaped man-made filaments is that it is difficult to control the yarn manufacturing steps to 20 obtain all the filaments~of the same shape and size. If only a few fila-: ' 'ments in one end of yarn are of a different shape, then that end of yarn may have a diffirent luster or bulk compared to other yarn ends, and cause a streak in carpets or fabrics. Al*hough this occurrence is not frequent, it is nevertheless a problem of practical importance5 since o~e off-standard çnd in 1000 or more ends of a fabric or carpet causes the final product to .
` be downgraded in quality.
Distortion of Y-shaped filaments commonly occurs in hot crimping i :
prooes~ses where the heated filaments~are compressed, e g., in a stuffing box. ~nother type of change of shape may occur with traingular-shaped filaments. During the spinning process, if the polymer viscosity is lower, or the melt spinning temperature is higher than desired, then the shape of the spun filament becomes rounder~ with less luster. Still another dis-tortion can occur, when in the large scale manufacture of trilobal-shaped filaments a shaped spinneret hole becomes partially blocked, and one lobe is accidentally lost.
Accordingly, investigators have recently become interested in more irregular shapes which are less sensitive to the risk of producing streaks. One approach has been to produce an irregular "Y" shape in which 10 the lobes are oriented at different angles to each other (Canadian Patent 692~857~. Alternatively, one of the lobes may be displaced, or the three l~lobes~' may have a common configuration which is different from the traditional rounded projection characteristic of the trilobal structure.
Other modifications comprehend the utilization of yarns comprised of two different shapes of filaments, or the employment of yarns comprising different sizes of filaments haYing the sa~e shape. See for example United States Patent n~ber 3,164,949 issued January 12, 1965 to Gilbert Pitzl assignor to E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
In view of today's requirements for greater uniformity in finished 20 products, as well as reduced cost and enhanced speed and efficiency in manufacturing operations, the present invention provides a single synthetic textile filament which will contribute positively to the bulk, luster, and soil-hiding properties of yarns, but will not contribute to the forma-tion of undesirable streaks in finished products if the configuration of the filament is appreciably distorted during normal spinning and/or sub-sequent processing operations.
This is achieved, and advantages over the prior art are afforded according to the present invention, by providing a synthetic textile filament~ the cross sectional configuration of which comprises three or '
- 2 -- , . . . . ..
7~L3~
more convex arcs or lobes and three or more concave arcs, two of which provide substantially flat sides, positioned so that the surface of the filament comprises a continuum of alternating convex and concave arcs, all or different radii of curvature. As a result, filaments which are distorted in spinning and/or subsequent processing operations will not differ sub-stantially in luster or bu-lk from those which are not so distorted, because the latter also comprise surfaces of different radii of cur~ature, at least two of which surfaces are substantially flat, i.e., they possess a large radius of curvature.
The textile ~ilaments of the present invention combines all the desirable proper~ies of bulk, luster and soil-hiding properties without contributing to the formation of undesirable streaks in finished products ~.
and where the desired quality in one of these desirable properties is achiev-ed without significant reduction in one or more of the other desired pro-perties.
More particularly this invention provides a shaped man-made textile filament of fiber-forming polymeric material selected from the group consist-ing of polyamides, polyesters, and polyolefins, the cross-sectional con-figuration of which comprises th~eeconvex arcs of dif~erent radii of curvature and three concave arcs of different radii of curvature in continuum of alternating convex and concave arcs, at least two concave arcs having large radii of curvature thereby providing substantially flat sides, the arcs be-ing defined according to the following relationships:
(a) Al > ~ and A3 > ~;
(b) A4 < ~r and A6 ~ ~ and (c) max (2,4~6) > 2, wherein Rmin (2,4,6) An is the total change in angle in radians along the n h arc;
Rn is the radius of curvature of the th arc;
Arcs N = 1, 3, and 5 are convex;
Arcs N = 2, 4, and 6 are concave; and Al - A2 + A3 - A4 + As A6
7~L3~
more convex arcs or lobes and three or more concave arcs, two of which provide substantially flat sides, positioned so that the surface of the filament comprises a continuum of alternating convex and concave arcs, all or different radii of curvature. As a result, filaments which are distorted in spinning and/or subsequent processing operations will not differ sub-stantially in luster or bu-lk from those which are not so distorted, because the latter also comprise surfaces of different radii of cur~ature, at least two of which surfaces are substantially flat, i.e., they possess a large radius of curvature.
The textile ~ilaments of the present invention combines all the desirable proper~ies of bulk, luster and soil-hiding properties without contributing to the formation of undesirable streaks in finished products ~.
and where the desired quality in one of these desirable properties is achiev-ed without significant reduction in one or more of the other desired pro-perties.
More particularly this invention provides a shaped man-made textile filament of fiber-forming polymeric material selected from the group consist-ing of polyamides, polyesters, and polyolefins, the cross-sectional con-figuration of which comprises th~eeconvex arcs of dif~erent radii of curvature and three concave arcs of different radii of curvature in continuum of alternating convex and concave arcs, at least two concave arcs having large radii of curvature thereby providing substantially flat sides, the arcs be-ing defined according to the following relationships:
(a) Al > ~ and A3 > ~;
(b) A4 < ~r and A6 ~ ~ and (c) max (2,4~6) > 2, wherein Rmin (2,4,6) An is the total change in angle in radians along the n h arc;
Rn is the radius of curvature of the th arc;
Arcs N = 1, 3, and 5 are convex;
Arcs N = 2, 4, and 6 are concave; and Al - A2 + A3 - A4 + As A6
3 -1~73~364 In a particular embodiment, the present invention provides a method of producing a textile filament which has a continuum of six alternat-ing convex and concave substantially circular arcs defined according to the following relationships:
(a) Al > ~ and A3 > r;
~ b) A4 < ~r and A6 ' ~ and (c) Rmax (2,4,6) > 2, wherein Rmin (2,4,6) An is the total change in angle in radians along the n - arc;
Rn is the radius o~ curvature of the nth arc;
Arcs n = 1~ 3, and 5 are convex;
Arcs n = 2, 4, and 6 are concave; and ~ :
Al - A2 + A3 - A4 + A5 A6 said method comprising melt extruding a polymer throu~h a spinneret orifice which has three slots of different lengths, said slo~s each extending from a ~;
common cavity to form an angle of 120 with respect to an adJacent said slot. ~ :
For a more cor~lete understanding of the present invention, ref- ~ -erence should be made to the detailed description thereof, which is set forth below. This detailed description should be read together with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
, . -' ' '`
. , ~ .
: 3 ;~
, ~9713~
Figure 1 schematically represents the cross sectional configura~tion of a preferred embodiment of a filament according to the present in-vention; and Figure 2 schematically represents the cross sectional configura-tion of a yarn comprising filaments of the present invention ~hich ha~e been distorted in a standard processing operation~ such representation being prepared from an actual photomicrograph.
Figure 3 schematically represents the cross sectional configura~
tion of a spinneret orifice employed in preparing a filament according to the present invention;
With particular reference to Figùre 1, good bulk and soil-hiding properties are achieved by a fil~ment having convex arcs 1 and 3 which define prominent lobes 7 and 8, and good luster and sparkle are afforded to the filament br concave arcs 4 and 6, which present substantially flat sides because of their large radii of curvature. Since this configuration comprises convex arcs 17 3 and 5 of different radii of curvature, and concave arcs 2, 4~ and 6 of widely different radiidof cur~ature, the filament does not produce streaks when a yarn, formed from a plurality of the filaments, is utilized in the production of a finished fabric, even though the filament may be appreciably distorted in normal processing, such as texturing.
This ma~ be better understood b~ referring to ~igure 2, which represents a cross section of a yarn comprising filaments of Figure 1 which have been t0xtured at elevated temperatures in a stuffer box according to procedures very well known in the art~ Distortion in the shape of the individual filaments has occurred, because the filaments were subjected to pressure while hot. ~lthough some filaments have been distorted con-siderably, oonvex arcs 1, 3 and 5 of different curvatures are still present, and concave arcs 4 and 6 giving substantially flat sides still :
, . : : ~ ' . ` .
:
~7~3~
exist. Consequently~ improved properties o~ bulk, luster, and soil-hiding are retained after textu~ing, and streaks are not produced when the yarn comprising these filaments is subsequently utilized in the production of a finished fabric.
To prepare a filament according to the present invention, polymeric material is extruded, e.g., melt spun by standard techniques, through a spinneret orifice 9, as illustrated in Figure 3. In cross section, the spinn0ret orifice 9 comprises three rectangular slots lO, ll, and 12 joined to a central portion 13. The length of each of the slots 10, 11, and 12 is different and the angles ~1~ 2' and Oc 3 between the slots are also different to obtain a desired filament configuration, a preferred embodi-ment of which is illustrated in Figure 1. It will be understood by those s~ledin the art that the spinneret orifice illustrated in Figure 3 merely represents a preferred type of orifice by virtue of the fact that each lobe is rectangular in shape. Such an orifice is easier to manufacture than a corresponding one in which the corners of each lobe are rounded. ~learly however an orifice having lobes with rounded corners could be used to pro-duce the filaments of the present invention.
; Filaments according to the present invention may be prepared from ~ common fiber-forming polymeric materials utili~ing an~ of the standard techniques of melt spinning, wet spinning or dry spinning. What is essential is that the co~figuration of the spinneret orifice 9 should provide an ex-truded filament shape which in cross section comprises two or more lobes 7 ~ ;
and 8 and two or more concave arcs 4 and 6 providing substantially flat sides, all of the arcs 1, 23 3, 4, 5, and 6 being positioned so that the surface of the filament is a continuum of alternating convex and concave arcs, all of different radii of curvature.
Although not limited thereto, ~he filament of the present inven-tion in a preferred embodiment comprises a modified tri-lobal configuration .
.
. . - . . .
36~
exemplified by that shown in Figure 1, which in cross section is a contin-uous curve comprising six alternating convex and concave circular arcs 1, 3, 5 and 2, 4, 6 respectively. Such a curve may be defined by a series of equations, as developed below:
The equation is first written in its intrinsic form:
A = ~(S) where A = Angle of Curve relative to a fixed direction7 and S = Distance along Curve.
Since all six arcs 1-6 are circular d _ 1 (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) dS n where R = Radius of Curvature of n - arc.
Since the curve is continuous end o~ n th arc start of (n + lj th arc.
The total length of each arc S is given by: ;
S = A R
n n n where A = Total change in angle in radians along the n - arc.
Since the six arcs 1 - 6 must form a closed figure and given that arcs n = 1, 3, and 5 are convex and arcs n = 2, 43 and 6 are concave:
Al - A2 ~ A3 - A4 ~ A5 6 To obtain good bulk and soil-hiding properties, it is preferable to have at least two of the three convex arcs provide well-defined lobes 7 and 8 in which their angle A exceeds a semi-circle, e.g.
:~ Al~ 'it and A3~ ~ .
; ~ To obtain high luster, it is preferable to have at least two of the three concave arcs with reduced curvature, e.g.
(a) Al > ~ and A3 > r;
~ b) A4 < ~r and A6 ' ~ and (c) Rmax (2,4,6) > 2, wherein Rmin (2,4,6) An is the total change in angle in radians along the n - arc;
Rn is the radius o~ curvature of the nth arc;
Arcs n = 1~ 3, and 5 are convex;
Arcs n = 2, 4, and 6 are concave; and ~ :
Al - A2 + A3 - A4 + A5 A6 said method comprising melt extruding a polymer throu~h a spinneret orifice which has three slots of different lengths, said slo~s each extending from a ~;
common cavity to form an angle of 120 with respect to an adJacent said slot. ~ :
For a more cor~lete understanding of the present invention, ref- ~ -erence should be made to the detailed description thereof, which is set forth below. This detailed description should be read together with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
, . -' ' '`
. , ~ .
: 3 ;~
, ~9713~
Figure 1 schematically represents the cross sectional configura~tion of a preferred embodiment of a filament according to the present in-vention; and Figure 2 schematically represents the cross sectional configura-tion of a yarn comprising filaments of the present invention ~hich ha~e been distorted in a standard processing operation~ such representation being prepared from an actual photomicrograph.
Figure 3 schematically represents the cross sectional configura~
tion of a spinneret orifice employed in preparing a filament according to the present invention;
With particular reference to Figùre 1, good bulk and soil-hiding properties are achieved by a fil~ment having convex arcs 1 and 3 which define prominent lobes 7 and 8, and good luster and sparkle are afforded to the filament br concave arcs 4 and 6, which present substantially flat sides because of their large radii of curvature. Since this configuration comprises convex arcs 17 3 and 5 of different radii of curvature, and concave arcs 2, 4~ and 6 of widely different radiidof cur~ature, the filament does not produce streaks when a yarn, formed from a plurality of the filaments, is utilized in the production of a finished fabric, even though the filament may be appreciably distorted in normal processing, such as texturing.
This ma~ be better understood b~ referring to ~igure 2, which represents a cross section of a yarn comprising filaments of Figure 1 which have been t0xtured at elevated temperatures in a stuffer box according to procedures very well known in the art~ Distortion in the shape of the individual filaments has occurred, because the filaments were subjected to pressure while hot. ~lthough some filaments have been distorted con-siderably, oonvex arcs 1, 3 and 5 of different curvatures are still present, and concave arcs 4 and 6 giving substantially flat sides still :
, . : : ~ ' . ` .
:
~7~3~
exist. Consequently~ improved properties o~ bulk, luster, and soil-hiding are retained after textu~ing, and streaks are not produced when the yarn comprising these filaments is subsequently utilized in the production of a finished fabric.
To prepare a filament according to the present invention, polymeric material is extruded, e.g., melt spun by standard techniques, through a spinneret orifice 9, as illustrated in Figure 3. In cross section, the spinn0ret orifice 9 comprises three rectangular slots lO, ll, and 12 joined to a central portion 13. The length of each of the slots 10, 11, and 12 is different and the angles ~1~ 2' and Oc 3 between the slots are also different to obtain a desired filament configuration, a preferred embodi-ment of which is illustrated in Figure 1. It will be understood by those s~ledin the art that the spinneret orifice illustrated in Figure 3 merely represents a preferred type of orifice by virtue of the fact that each lobe is rectangular in shape. Such an orifice is easier to manufacture than a corresponding one in which the corners of each lobe are rounded. ~learly however an orifice having lobes with rounded corners could be used to pro-duce the filaments of the present invention.
; Filaments according to the present invention may be prepared from ~ common fiber-forming polymeric materials utili~ing an~ of the standard techniques of melt spinning, wet spinning or dry spinning. What is essential is that the co~figuration of the spinneret orifice 9 should provide an ex-truded filament shape which in cross section comprises two or more lobes 7 ~ ;
and 8 and two or more concave arcs 4 and 6 providing substantially flat sides, all of the arcs 1, 23 3, 4, 5, and 6 being positioned so that the surface of the filament is a continuum of alternating convex and concave arcs, all of different radii of curvature.
Although not limited thereto, ~he filament of the present inven-tion in a preferred embodiment comprises a modified tri-lobal configuration .
.
. . - . . .
36~
exemplified by that shown in Figure 1, which in cross section is a contin-uous curve comprising six alternating convex and concave circular arcs 1, 3, 5 and 2, 4, 6 respectively. Such a curve may be defined by a series of equations, as developed below:
The equation is first written in its intrinsic form:
A = ~(S) where A = Angle of Curve relative to a fixed direction7 and S = Distance along Curve.
Since all six arcs 1-6 are circular d _ 1 (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) dS n where R = Radius of Curvature of n - arc.
Since the curve is continuous end o~ n th arc start of (n + lj th arc.
The total length of each arc S is given by: ;
S = A R
n n n where A = Total change in angle in radians along the n - arc.
Since the six arcs 1 - 6 must form a closed figure and given that arcs n = 1, 3, and 5 are convex and arcs n = 2, 43 and 6 are concave:
Al - A2 ~ A3 - A4 ~ A5 6 To obtain good bulk and soil-hiding properties, it is preferable to have at least two of the three convex arcs provide well-defined lobes 7 and 8 in which their angle A exceeds a semi-circle, e.g.
:~ Al~ 'it and A3~ ~ .
; ~ To obtain high luster, it is preferable to have at least two of the three concave arcs with reduced curvature, e.g.
4 2 6 To prevent streaks, i~ is preferable to have a range of radii of 1C! 7~36~
cur~ature for the concave arcs such that the ratio of the maximum R of R27 R4, and R6 to the minimum Rmin 2' 4 ~, 6 max ~
R ~ 2.
min Conditions of these equations are fully met by a ~ilament having the configuration of Figure 1.
An especially preerred embodiment of the present invention as illustrated in Figure 1 is detailed below in TABLE 1.
Arc AB BC CD DE EF FA
Relative Radius of 3 -1 4 -24 2 -32 Curvature (R) Relative Length of 11.0 3.6 17.6 17.7 6.3 16.o arc (S) Angle of arc (A) in3.64 3.64 4.38 0.74 3.14 0.50 radians The present invention, may be further understood by referring to .
the ~ollowing example, which is set forth for illustrative purposes only.
Example Polycaprolactam of relative viscosity 2.7 measured in 95/5 acetic acid/water was melt extruded from a spinneret containing 50 orifices each having a cross section of the type as illustrated in Figure 3, in .
which length L of slots 10, 11, 12 is such tha~ L12~ Lll> ~ 0 and the angles ~1~ 2' and ~3 were all equal to 120 degrees. The undrawn filaments, ; of 63 de~ier were then draw-twisted using a draw ratio of 3.3 x to produce 50 filaments, each of 19 filament denier. The filaments were then heated by passing them over a metal plate heated to 150 degrees C prior to textur-ing in a stuffer-box using standard techniques, well known in the art.
The hot filaments were subjected to pressure in the stuffer-box and the filament shapes were distor~ed as illustrated in Figure 2.
.
~07~L3~i~
Level loop carpets were constructed from yarns comprising these filaments; for comparison, yarns of filaments of the same denier with circular and traingular shapes were used in a similar carpet construction.
Pile bulk, pile luster and streaking were measured visually for all three carpets. Relative soil hiding was measured visually after the carpets were on the floor for one month. The results of these tests are summarized in the following TABLE 2.
Filament Soil Over-Cross Bulk ~uster Hiding Streaking All Section Ratin~ Ratin~
,, Circular Worst Worst Worst Middle Worst Triangular Middle Best Middle Worst Middle This Best Middle Best Best Best L invention Similar results are obtained if one employs polyhexamethylene adipamide, or polyesters, or polypropylene in place of the polycaprolactam in the preceding example.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with respect to certain embodiments thereof, it should be appreciated that variations and modifications in these embodiments may be eEfected without any departure from the spirit and scope oE the present invention as defined in the hereto-appended claims.
cur~ature for the concave arcs such that the ratio of the maximum R of R27 R4, and R6 to the minimum Rmin 2' 4 ~, 6 max ~
R ~ 2.
min Conditions of these equations are fully met by a ~ilament having the configuration of Figure 1.
An especially preerred embodiment of the present invention as illustrated in Figure 1 is detailed below in TABLE 1.
Arc AB BC CD DE EF FA
Relative Radius of 3 -1 4 -24 2 -32 Curvature (R) Relative Length of 11.0 3.6 17.6 17.7 6.3 16.o arc (S) Angle of arc (A) in3.64 3.64 4.38 0.74 3.14 0.50 radians The present invention, may be further understood by referring to .
the ~ollowing example, which is set forth for illustrative purposes only.
Example Polycaprolactam of relative viscosity 2.7 measured in 95/5 acetic acid/water was melt extruded from a spinneret containing 50 orifices each having a cross section of the type as illustrated in Figure 3, in .
which length L of slots 10, 11, 12 is such tha~ L12~ Lll> ~ 0 and the angles ~1~ 2' and ~3 were all equal to 120 degrees. The undrawn filaments, ; of 63 de~ier were then draw-twisted using a draw ratio of 3.3 x to produce 50 filaments, each of 19 filament denier. The filaments were then heated by passing them over a metal plate heated to 150 degrees C prior to textur-ing in a stuffer-box using standard techniques, well known in the art.
The hot filaments were subjected to pressure in the stuffer-box and the filament shapes were distor~ed as illustrated in Figure 2.
.
~07~L3~i~
Level loop carpets were constructed from yarns comprising these filaments; for comparison, yarns of filaments of the same denier with circular and traingular shapes were used in a similar carpet construction.
Pile bulk, pile luster and streaking were measured visually for all three carpets. Relative soil hiding was measured visually after the carpets were on the floor for one month. The results of these tests are summarized in the following TABLE 2.
Filament Soil Over-Cross Bulk ~uster Hiding Streaking All Section Ratin~ Ratin~
,, Circular Worst Worst Worst Middle Worst Triangular Middle Best Middle Worst Middle This Best Middle Best Best Best L invention Similar results are obtained if one employs polyhexamethylene adipamide, or polyesters, or polypropylene in place of the polycaprolactam in the preceding example.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with respect to certain embodiments thereof, it should be appreciated that variations and modifications in these embodiments may be eEfected without any departure from the spirit and scope oE the present invention as defined in the hereto-appended claims.
Claims (5)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A shaped man-made textile filament of fiber-forming polymeric material selected from the group consisting of polyamides, polyesters, and polyolefins, the cross-sectional configuration of which comprises three convex arcs of different radii of curvature and three concave arcs of different radii of curvature in a continuum of alternating convex and concave arcs, at least two concave arcs having large radii of curvature thereby providing substantially flat sides, the arcs being defined according to the following relationships:
(a) Al > .pi. and A3 > .pi.;
(b) A4 < ? and A6 < ?; and (c) > 2, wherein An is the total change in angle in radians along the nth arc;
Rn is the radius of curvature of the nth arc;
Arcs N = 1, 3,and 5 are convex;
Arcs N = 2, 4, and 6 are concave; and A1 - A2 + A3 - A4 + A5 - A6 = 2.pi..
(a) Al > .pi. and A3 > .pi.;
(b) A4 < ? and A6 < ?; and (c) > 2, wherein An is the total change in angle in radians along the nth arc;
Rn is the radius of curvature of the nth arc;
Arcs N = 1, 3,and 5 are convex;
Arcs N = 2, 4, and 6 are concave; and A1 - A2 + A3 - A4 + A5 - A6 = 2.pi..
2. The filament of claim 1 made of polycaprolactam.
3. A yarn comprising a plurality of filaments according to claim 1.
4. A textile formed from filaments according to claim 1.
5. A method of producing a textile filament which has a continuum of six alternating convex and concave substantially circular arcs defined according to the following relationships:
(a) A1 > .pi. and A3 > .pi.;
(b) A4 < ? and A6 < ?; and (c) > 2, wherein An is the total change in angle in radians. along the nth arc;
Rn is the radius of curvature of the nth arc;
Arcs n = 1, 3, and 5 are convex;
Arcs n = 2, 4, and 6 are concave; and A1 - A2 + A3 - A4 + A5 - A6 = 2.pi.;
said method comprising melt extruding a polymer through a spinneret orifice which has three slots of different lengths, said slots each extending from a common cavity to form an angle of 120° with respect to an adjacent said slot.
(a) A1 > .pi. and A3 > .pi.;
(b) A4 < ? and A6 < ?; and (c) > 2, wherein An is the total change in angle in radians. along the nth arc;
Rn is the radius of curvature of the nth arc;
Arcs n = 1, 3, and 5 are convex;
Arcs n = 2, 4, and 6 are concave; and A1 - A2 + A3 - A4 + A5 - A6 = 2.pi.;
said method comprising melt extruding a polymer through a spinneret orifice which has three slots of different lengths, said slots each extending from a common cavity to form an angle of 120° with respect to an adjacent said slot.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA231,760A CA1071364A (en) | 1975-07-18 | 1975-07-18 | Trilobal synthetic textile filament |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA231,760A CA1071364A (en) | 1975-07-18 | 1975-07-18 | Trilobal synthetic textile filament |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1071364A true CA1071364A (en) | 1980-02-12 |
Family
ID=4103635
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA231,760A Expired CA1071364A (en) | 1975-07-18 | 1975-07-18 | Trilobal synthetic textile filament |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1071364A (en) |
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| US4648830A (en) * | 1985-05-13 | 1987-03-10 | Allied Corporation | Spinnerette for producing hollow trilobal cross-section filament |
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1975
- 1975-07-18 CA CA231,760A patent/CA1071364A/en not_active Expired
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