CA1070774A - Method for fixing cylindrical elements on an elongated tube by resistance welding and machine for carrying out this method - Google Patents
Method for fixing cylindrical elements on an elongated tube by resistance welding and machine for carrying out this methodInfo
- Publication number
- CA1070774A CA1070774A CA262,095A CA262095A CA1070774A CA 1070774 A CA1070774 A CA 1070774A CA 262095 A CA262095 A CA 262095A CA 1070774 A CA1070774 A CA 1070774A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- electrodes
- longitudinal axis
- studs
- along
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/20—Stud welding
- B23K9/203—Stud welding of cooling fins
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
- Resistance Welding (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The machine comprises two facing electrodes, having two parallel axes and located in the plane containing the rotation axis of the tube drive jaws, whereby at least one of the electrodes is mounted in sliding manner on the carriage in such a way that the distance between the axes of the electrodes can be regulated to any desired value.
Application of the invention is to the welding of studs to heat exchanger tubes.
The machine comprises two facing electrodes, having two parallel axes and located in the plane containing the rotation axis of the tube drive jaws, whereby at least one of the electrodes is mounted in sliding manner on the carriage in such a way that the distance between the axes of the electrodes can be regulated to any desired value.
Application of the invention is to the welding of studs to heat exchanger tubes.
Description
~07~7~'~
ACKGROUND OF TH~ INVF,NTION
It is known that the rnanufacture of certain heat ex-changers involves the fitting on the outer periphery of elon~ated cylindrical members, called studs. These members are welded and are positioned regularly in accordance with the generating lines of the tube and the transverse planes thereof. Between one transverse plane and the next the studs are generally angularly displaced in such a way that they are staggered relative to the generating lines of the tube. More specifically~ the distance between two consecutive transverse planes is called the "longitu~
dinal studding pitch" and the distance separating two consecutive studs in the same transverse plane is called the "peripheral pitch". These two pitches are generally independent and determi-ned as a function o~ the tube diameter and stud dimensions in such ,,a way as to obtain on the one hand a regular distribution of the studs in the transverse plane and on the other the desired thermal efficiency.
The studs are placed in a hollow electrode which can be made to perform a two and from movement in the direction of the tube axis and an intense electrical current is supplied to the electrode when the stud to be welded is in contact with the tube.
An automatic machine for welding the studs substantially comprises a frame supporting the tube in such a way that it can pivot about its longitudinal axis and a carriage which moves lon-gitudinally along the frame and supports at least one welding electrode. At one of its ends~ the tube is also locked between jaws, whose support can perform a rotary movement.
For welding the studs more rapidly it is known to place two facing electrodes on the carriage, their axis being included in a single plane transversal to the axis of the tube.
Theoretically, increasing the number of electrodes in that trans verse plane makes it possible to increase the speed of manu-facturing of a studded tube. But in fact and practically this number cannot be higher than two, because a stud feeding device , ' ' . ' , : , ' , ' .
~ 7 V 7 7 L~
is connected to each electrode and this device is substantial-ly cumbersome.
BRIEF SUM~RY OF l'HE INVENTION
One of the main objects of the invention is to improve and increase the speed of welding of studs on a tube.
Thus, according to the invention, the method comprises :
supporting the tube for stepwise rotation About its longitudinal axis, arranging at least a pair of welding electrodes, electrodes of each pair being located on opposite sides of the tube and being faced each other on parallel axes located in a plane containing the axis of rotation of the tube, with the parallel axes being spaced apart relative to the longitudinal axis of the tube ;
it welding simultaneously at least a first pair of studs onto opposite sides of the tube;
rotating the t~be through a predetermined angle;
welding simultaneously at least a second pair of studs onto opposite sides of the tube;
repeating the above steps so as to form at least two complete rings of welded studs along the tube;
retracting said electrodes; and moving the electrodes along the longitudinal axis of the tube a predetermined distance and repeating a plurality o times the above steps along the tube.
The invention'also relates to an automatic machine for performing the process compris-lng :
a frame;
tube support means on said frame holding said tube for rotation about its longitudinal axis;
power-operated means connected to said tube support means for rotating said tube in a stepwise manner;
a carriage mounted on said frame for movement along the longitudinal axis of said tube;
~ 7~ ~ 7 ~ .
at least a pair of welding electrodes carried by said carriage electrodes of each pair being located on opposite sides of said tube and being faced each other on parallel axes spaced apart relative to the longitudinal axis of said tube;
means on said carriage for advancing and retracting said electrodes relative to said tube; and power-operated means for moving said carriage along said frame in a stepwise manner, with the movement of said carriage and the rotation of said tube support means being coordinated whereby two complete rings of welded studs are formed along said tube.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS AND PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS.
Other and further objects of the present invention will;~be apparent from the following description and claims and are illustrated in the accompanying drawings showing embodi-ments of the invention and the principles thereof, and what are now considered to be the best modes contemplated for applying these principles. Other embodiments of the invention 7~77~
embodying the same or equivalent principles may be used and structural changes may be made, if desired, by those skilled in the art, without departing from the invention and the scope of the appended claims. The drawing shows a schematic plan view of a studding machine according to the invention.
The drawing shows an automatic resistance welding machine which substantially comprises a frame 1, on which slides a carriage 2 supporting two electrode holders 3, each being e~uipped with an electrode 4.
A tube 5 to be studded is placed on the no~ shown supports, whose height can be regulated and permitting the rotation thereof about its longitudinal axis. Jaws 6 gripping one of the ends of the tube 5 are mounted on a shaft 7 which can be rotated in stepwise manner by an appropriate device 8.
Carriage 2 is itself coupled to a drive motor via for example a nut and worm device, said worm being arranged along the frame with a view to the longitudinal displacement of the carriage.
As can be seen in the drawing, the electrodes 4 are arranged in the same horizontal plane which a~so contains the axis of shaft 7 and face one another, their axes being sub-stantially parallel. At least one of the electrode holders 3 is mounted in adiustable manner on carriage 2 in such a way that the distance between the axes of electrodes 4 can be adjusted to the desired value. In addition, the two electrode holders 3 are mounted so as to slide transversely on the carriaye and are actuated by jacks 3a, preerably double-acting jacks. Finally, electric cables connect the electrodesto a not shown generator.
~7a~77fl~
According to the invention, the machine is utilised ln the following manner.
As a function of the diameter oE tube 5, the dimension s of the studs and the sought thermal ef~iciency, the longitudinal studding pitch, i.e the distance between two consecutive rings of studs has been defined. The distance between the axes of two electrodes 4 is then regulated to two pitches.
With the carriage 2 located at one of the ends of the ~rame, preferably the end adjacent to the tube drive jaws 6, the two electrodes 4 provided with the studs to be welded are simultaneously advanced in the direction o the tube by means of jacks 3a, until the studs are applied against the tube wall. The immediate passage of electric current ensures the heating o the studs and their welding to the tube, The electrodes are then moved rearwards by the jacks 3a and the rotation of device 8 is then realised so that the tube rotates on its axis by an angle approximately correspondlng to a peripheral pitch. Two new studs are welded and the cycle is repeated until enough studs have been welded to form two complete rings located in the two transverse planes of the tube ;
Prior to recommencing the welding cycle, the elec-trodes being located in their rear position, the drive motor of carriage 2 is brought into operation until the carriage has advanced by a value substantially corresponding to one pitch Simultaneously, device 8 is actuated so that tube 5 rotates by an angle approximately corresponding to half a peripheral pitch.
The stud welding cycle can then recommence and continue until two further complete transverse rings of studs have been welded .
,~
~Q7~77~
~ t the end of the second stud welding cycle and with the electrodes in their rear position, the drive motor of carriage 2 is put into operation until the carriage has advanced by three pitches. Simultaneously, device 8 is controlled so that the tube 5 rotates by an angle approxi-mately corresponding to half a peripheral pitch.
~ new stud welding cycle can then be performed and the operations described hereinbefore are repeated until all the tube (or an appropriate length thereof) has been covered with studs, Obviously, the invention is not limited to the embodiment described hereinbefore, but in fact covers all variants thereof. In particular, the peripheral pitch can be defined in arbitrary manner relative to the longitudinal pitch as a function of the desired characteristics for the studded tube. Furthermore, the staggering of the studs can be eliminated, it merely being necessary not to rotate the tube between two consecutive welding cycles.
Moreover, certain tubes need only be studded over a portion of their periphery. In this case, only certain electrodes will be supplied both with studs and electric power and the rotation of the tube during the welding cycles will be appropriately limited.
Finally, it is obvious that the process according to the invention can be performed with a machine having more than one pair of electrodes, for example two or three pairs, or even a random number of electrodes greater than two, because it can always be considered that two adjacent facing electrodes constitute a pair of electrodesc Obviously, the cycle of longitudinal displacements of the electrode holder , .
' ~ ~
.
~137~77~
carriage will depend on the number of electrodes and can easily be determined by the skilled expert. Thus, for example, in the case of two pairs of electrodes, the longi-tudinal displacement of the carriage may correspond alter S nately to one longitudinal pitch, then seven longitudinal pitches.
'
ACKGROUND OF TH~ INVF,NTION
It is known that the rnanufacture of certain heat ex-changers involves the fitting on the outer periphery of elon~ated cylindrical members, called studs. These members are welded and are positioned regularly in accordance with the generating lines of the tube and the transverse planes thereof. Between one transverse plane and the next the studs are generally angularly displaced in such a way that they are staggered relative to the generating lines of the tube. More specifically~ the distance between two consecutive transverse planes is called the "longitu~
dinal studding pitch" and the distance separating two consecutive studs in the same transverse plane is called the "peripheral pitch". These two pitches are generally independent and determi-ned as a function o~ the tube diameter and stud dimensions in such ,,a way as to obtain on the one hand a regular distribution of the studs in the transverse plane and on the other the desired thermal efficiency.
The studs are placed in a hollow electrode which can be made to perform a two and from movement in the direction of the tube axis and an intense electrical current is supplied to the electrode when the stud to be welded is in contact with the tube.
An automatic machine for welding the studs substantially comprises a frame supporting the tube in such a way that it can pivot about its longitudinal axis and a carriage which moves lon-gitudinally along the frame and supports at least one welding electrode. At one of its ends~ the tube is also locked between jaws, whose support can perform a rotary movement.
For welding the studs more rapidly it is known to place two facing electrodes on the carriage, their axis being included in a single plane transversal to the axis of the tube.
Theoretically, increasing the number of electrodes in that trans verse plane makes it possible to increase the speed of manu-facturing of a studded tube. But in fact and practically this number cannot be higher than two, because a stud feeding device , ' ' . ' , : , ' , ' .
~ 7 V 7 7 L~
is connected to each electrode and this device is substantial-ly cumbersome.
BRIEF SUM~RY OF l'HE INVENTION
One of the main objects of the invention is to improve and increase the speed of welding of studs on a tube.
Thus, according to the invention, the method comprises :
supporting the tube for stepwise rotation About its longitudinal axis, arranging at least a pair of welding electrodes, electrodes of each pair being located on opposite sides of the tube and being faced each other on parallel axes located in a plane containing the axis of rotation of the tube, with the parallel axes being spaced apart relative to the longitudinal axis of the tube ;
it welding simultaneously at least a first pair of studs onto opposite sides of the tube;
rotating the t~be through a predetermined angle;
welding simultaneously at least a second pair of studs onto opposite sides of the tube;
repeating the above steps so as to form at least two complete rings of welded studs along the tube;
retracting said electrodes; and moving the electrodes along the longitudinal axis of the tube a predetermined distance and repeating a plurality o times the above steps along the tube.
The invention'also relates to an automatic machine for performing the process compris-lng :
a frame;
tube support means on said frame holding said tube for rotation about its longitudinal axis;
power-operated means connected to said tube support means for rotating said tube in a stepwise manner;
a carriage mounted on said frame for movement along the longitudinal axis of said tube;
~ 7~ ~ 7 ~ .
at least a pair of welding electrodes carried by said carriage electrodes of each pair being located on opposite sides of said tube and being faced each other on parallel axes spaced apart relative to the longitudinal axis of said tube;
means on said carriage for advancing and retracting said electrodes relative to said tube; and power-operated means for moving said carriage along said frame in a stepwise manner, with the movement of said carriage and the rotation of said tube support means being coordinated whereby two complete rings of welded studs are formed along said tube.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS AND PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS.
Other and further objects of the present invention will;~be apparent from the following description and claims and are illustrated in the accompanying drawings showing embodi-ments of the invention and the principles thereof, and what are now considered to be the best modes contemplated for applying these principles. Other embodiments of the invention 7~77~
embodying the same or equivalent principles may be used and structural changes may be made, if desired, by those skilled in the art, without departing from the invention and the scope of the appended claims. The drawing shows a schematic plan view of a studding machine according to the invention.
The drawing shows an automatic resistance welding machine which substantially comprises a frame 1, on which slides a carriage 2 supporting two electrode holders 3, each being e~uipped with an electrode 4.
A tube 5 to be studded is placed on the no~ shown supports, whose height can be regulated and permitting the rotation thereof about its longitudinal axis. Jaws 6 gripping one of the ends of the tube 5 are mounted on a shaft 7 which can be rotated in stepwise manner by an appropriate device 8.
Carriage 2 is itself coupled to a drive motor via for example a nut and worm device, said worm being arranged along the frame with a view to the longitudinal displacement of the carriage.
As can be seen in the drawing, the electrodes 4 are arranged in the same horizontal plane which a~so contains the axis of shaft 7 and face one another, their axes being sub-stantially parallel. At least one of the electrode holders 3 is mounted in adiustable manner on carriage 2 in such a way that the distance between the axes of electrodes 4 can be adjusted to the desired value. In addition, the two electrode holders 3 are mounted so as to slide transversely on the carriaye and are actuated by jacks 3a, preerably double-acting jacks. Finally, electric cables connect the electrodesto a not shown generator.
~7a~77fl~
According to the invention, the machine is utilised ln the following manner.
As a function of the diameter oE tube 5, the dimension s of the studs and the sought thermal ef~iciency, the longitudinal studding pitch, i.e the distance between two consecutive rings of studs has been defined. The distance between the axes of two electrodes 4 is then regulated to two pitches.
With the carriage 2 located at one of the ends of the ~rame, preferably the end adjacent to the tube drive jaws 6, the two electrodes 4 provided with the studs to be welded are simultaneously advanced in the direction o the tube by means of jacks 3a, until the studs are applied against the tube wall. The immediate passage of electric current ensures the heating o the studs and their welding to the tube, The electrodes are then moved rearwards by the jacks 3a and the rotation of device 8 is then realised so that the tube rotates on its axis by an angle approximately correspondlng to a peripheral pitch. Two new studs are welded and the cycle is repeated until enough studs have been welded to form two complete rings located in the two transverse planes of the tube ;
Prior to recommencing the welding cycle, the elec-trodes being located in their rear position, the drive motor of carriage 2 is brought into operation until the carriage has advanced by a value substantially corresponding to one pitch Simultaneously, device 8 is actuated so that tube 5 rotates by an angle approximately corresponding to half a peripheral pitch.
The stud welding cycle can then recommence and continue until two further complete transverse rings of studs have been welded .
,~
~Q7~77~
~ t the end of the second stud welding cycle and with the electrodes in their rear position, the drive motor of carriage 2 is put into operation until the carriage has advanced by three pitches. Simultaneously, device 8 is controlled so that the tube 5 rotates by an angle approxi-mately corresponding to half a peripheral pitch.
~ new stud welding cycle can then be performed and the operations described hereinbefore are repeated until all the tube (or an appropriate length thereof) has been covered with studs, Obviously, the invention is not limited to the embodiment described hereinbefore, but in fact covers all variants thereof. In particular, the peripheral pitch can be defined in arbitrary manner relative to the longitudinal pitch as a function of the desired characteristics for the studded tube. Furthermore, the staggering of the studs can be eliminated, it merely being necessary not to rotate the tube between two consecutive welding cycles.
Moreover, certain tubes need only be studded over a portion of their periphery. In this case, only certain electrodes will be supplied both with studs and electric power and the rotation of the tube during the welding cycles will be appropriately limited.
Finally, it is obvious that the process according to the invention can be performed with a machine having more than one pair of electrodes, for example two or three pairs, or even a random number of electrodes greater than two, because it can always be considered that two adjacent facing electrodes constitute a pair of electrodesc Obviously, the cycle of longitudinal displacements of the electrode holder , .
' ~ ~
.
~137~77~
carriage will depend on the number of electrodes and can easily be determined by the skilled expert. Thus, for example, in the case of two pairs of electrodes, the longi-tudinal displacement of the carriage may correspond alter S nately to one longitudinal pitch, then seven longitudinal pitches.
'
Claims (7)
1. A method of resistance welding a plurality of studs along a tube in a continuous manner, said method comprising:
supporting the tube for stepwise rotation about its longitudinal axis, arranging at least a pair of welding electrodes to locate the electrodes of each pair on opposite sides of the tube and facing each other on parallel axes located in a plane containing the axis of rotation of the tube, with the parallel axes being spaced apart relative to the longitudinal axis of the tube;
welding simultaneously at least a first pair of studs onto opposite sides of the tube;
rotating the tube through a predetermined angle;
welding simultaneously at least a second pair of studs onto opposite sides of the tube;
repeating the above steps so as to form at least two complete rings of welded studs along the tube;
retracting said electrodes; and moving the electrodes along the longitudinal axis of the tube a predetermined distance and repeating a plurality of times the above steps along the tube.
supporting the tube for stepwise rotation about its longitudinal axis, arranging at least a pair of welding electrodes to locate the electrodes of each pair on opposite sides of the tube and facing each other on parallel axes located in a plane containing the axis of rotation of the tube, with the parallel axes being spaced apart relative to the longitudinal axis of the tube;
welding simultaneously at least a first pair of studs onto opposite sides of the tube;
rotating the tube through a predetermined angle;
welding simultaneously at least a second pair of studs onto opposite sides of the tube;
repeating the above steps so as to form at least two complete rings of welded studs along the tube;
retracting said electrodes; and moving the electrodes along the longitudinal axis of the tube a predetermined distance and repeating a plurality of times the above steps along the tube.
2. A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein two members are simultaneously welded, the predetermined distance through which the electrodes are moved corresponding alternately to half the distance between the parallel axes of the electrodes, and then one and a half said distance.
3. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein four members are simultaneously welded by four electrodes, the parallel axes of which are equally spaced apart relative to the longitudinal axis of the tube, and said predetermined distance through which the electrodes are moved corresponding alternately to half the distance between two adjacent parallel axes of the electrodes and then three and a half said distance.
4. A method as set forth in claim 1, comprising:
rotating said tube through a predetermined angle corres-ponding to approximately half the peripheral distance separating two consecutive studs of the same complete ring, during the move-ment of the electrodes along the longitudinal axis of the tube.
rotating said tube through a predetermined angle corres-ponding to approximately half the peripheral distance separating two consecutive studs of the same complete ring, during the move-ment of the electrodes along the longitudinal axis of the tube.
5. A resistance welding machine for welding studs along a tube in a continuous manner, said machine comprising:
a frame;
tube support means on said frame holding said tube for rotation about its longitudinal axis;
power-operated means connected to said tube support means for rotating said tube in a stepwise manner;
a carriage mounted on said frame for movement along the longitudinal axis of said tube;
at least a pair of welding electrodes carried by said carriage, the electrodes of each pair being located on opposite sides of said tube and facing each other on parallel axes spaced apart relative to the longitudinal axis of said tube;
means on said carriage for advancing and retracting said electrodes relative to said tube; and power-operated means for moving said carriage along said frame in a stepwise manner, and means for co-ordinating the move-ment of said carriage and the rotation of said tube support means to form two complete rings of welded studs along said tube.
a frame;
tube support means on said frame holding said tube for rotation about its longitudinal axis;
power-operated means connected to said tube support means for rotating said tube in a stepwise manner;
a carriage mounted on said frame for movement along the longitudinal axis of said tube;
at least a pair of welding electrodes carried by said carriage, the electrodes of each pair being located on opposite sides of said tube and facing each other on parallel axes spaced apart relative to the longitudinal axis of said tube;
means on said carriage for advancing and retracting said electrodes relative to said tube; and power-operated means for moving said carriage along said frame in a stepwise manner, and means for co-ordinating the move-ment of said carriage and the rotation of said tube support means to form two complete rings of welded studs along said tube.
6. A resistance welding machine as set forth in claim 5, wherein:
the spacing between said electrodes relative to the longitudinal axis of said tube is adjustable.
the spacing between said electrodes relative to the longitudinal axis of said tube is adjustable.
7. A resistance welding machine as set forth in claim 5 comprising at least four electrodes, the axes of which are equally spaced apart relative to the longitudinal axis of said tube.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7530836A FR2327023A1 (en) | 1975-10-08 | 1975-10-08 | PROCESS FOR FIXING BY RESISTANCE WELDING CYLINDRICAL ELEMENTS ON A LARGE LENGTH TUBE AND MACHINE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1070774A true CA1070774A (en) | 1980-01-29 |
Family
ID=9160960
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA262,095A Expired CA1070774A (en) | 1975-10-08 | 1976-09-27 | Method for fixing cylindrical elements on an elongated tube by resistance welding and machine for carrying out this method |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5246351A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT360817B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE847057A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7606519A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1070774A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2644637C2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES452206A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2327023A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1561795A (en) |
| IT (2) | IT1062280B (en) |
| LU (1) | LU75950A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7611107A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE430957B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6065925A (en) * | 1983-09-16 | 1985-04-15 | Chiyoda Chem Eng & Constr Co Ltd | Viscous damper |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DD23406A (en) * | ||||
| US2220579A (en) * | 1934-12-28 | 1940-11-05 | Metropolitan Eng Co | Method of making boiler tubes and the like |
| US3705972A (en) * | 1971-10-07 | 1972-12-12 | Benito Luigi Trojani | Pipped pipes and manufacturing method for said pipped pipes |
-
1975
- 1975-10-08 FR FR7530836A patent/FR2327023A1/en active Granted
-
1976
- 1976-09-27 CA CA262,095A patent/CA1070774A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-09-28 GB GB4016376A patent/GB1561795A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-09-28 SE SE7610716A patent/SE430957B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-09-29 BR BR7606519A patent/BR7606519A/en unknown
- 1976-09-30 IT IT2785176A patent/IT1062280B/en active
- 1976-09-30 IT IT2785276A patent/IT1062279B/en active
- 1976-10-02 DE DE19762644637 patent/DE2644637C2/en not_active Expired
- 1976-10-07 LU LU75950A patent/LU75950A1/xx unknown
- 1976-10-07 NL NL7611107A patent/NL7611107A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-10-07 JP JP11990876A patent/JPS5246351A/en active Pending
- 1976-10-08 BE BE2055364A patent/BE847057A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-10-08 AT AT748276A patent/AT360817B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-10-08 ES ES452206A patent/ES452206A1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE7610716L (en) | 1977-04-09 |
| LU75950A1 (en) | 1977-05-09 |
| IT1062280B (en) | 1984-03-12 |
| AT360817B (en) | 1981-02-10 |
| DE2644637A1 (en) | 1977-04-21 |
| GB1561795A (en) | 1980-03-05 |
| IT1062279B (en) | 1984-03-12 |
| DE2644637C2 (en) | 1982-11-25 |
| ES452206A1 (en) | 1977-11-01 |
| BE847057A (en) | 1977-04-08 |
| ATA748276A (en) | 1980-06-15 |
| FR2327023B1 (en) | 1980-07-18 |
| BR7606519A (en) | 1977-07-05 |
| FR2327023A1 (en) | 1977-05-06 |
| JPS5246351A (en) | 1977-04-13 |
| SE430957B (en) | 1983-12-27 |
| NL7611107A (en) | 1977-04-13 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |